Relevant bibliographies by topics / Electroplating. Chromium

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Academic literature on the topic 'Electroplating. Chromium'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Electroplating. Chromium"

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MORIKAWA, Tsutomu. "Greening the Chromium Electroplating." Journal of The Surface Finishing Society of Japan 69, no. 6 (2018): 212–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4139/sfj.69.212.

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Islam, Fahrul, and Budi Hatono. "Paparan kromium dan kerusakan ginjal pada pekerja pelapisan logam." Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat 32, no. 8 (2018): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/bkm.12130.

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Chromium exposure and the kidney damage risk among electroplating workersPurposeThis study was carried out to investigate the kidney damage risk due to chromium exposure at the workplace.Method33 electroplating workers and 33 control subjects with no history of occupational exposure to chromium in Makassar were involved. Chromium levels in urine were measured with atomic absorption spectrometry. ResultsUrine from exposed workers contained higher levels of chromium, when compared with those obtained in the control group. Furthermore, there was a direct relationship was obtained between the amount of chromium and kidney damage. Kidney damage was associated with the existence of chromium level in urine. Electroplating work environments increased the high risk of chromium exposure. Workers exposed for long periods of time result in a higher level of accumulated exposure in the body. The findings of this study indicated that there was higher level of chromium exposure in electroplating workers with kidney damage.ConclusionThis study suggested the labor office to closely monitor chromium emission levels in high risk industries. Meanwhile, industry owners need to ensure that every worker uses personal protective equipment to reduce risk.
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Rizky, Hana Eka, and Jojok Mukono. "Levels of Chromium in Air with Chromium in the Blood of Workers Electroplating in Purbalingga." JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN 9, no. 2 (2018): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v9i2.2017.172-180.

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Chromium (VI) is a form of chromium which commonly used in metal plating industry with engineering electroplating. The negative impacts for workers when contact with chromium are, skin irritation, nose, throat and lungs irritations. Research purposes are to describe the levels of chromium in the air and the blood of electroplating workers. This was an observational research design with cross sectional approach. Data analyzed by descriptive methods. Population of this research were electroplating workers of metal plating industry in Purbalingga. The samples were consisted of the respondents and environmental samples. The number of respondents were 8 workers which determinated purposive sampling methods. Environmental samples were obtained by measurements the levels of chromium in the air. The results showed that average level of chromium in the air 0.01 mg/m3. This level was appropriate to threshold limit value according to Peraturan Menteri Tenaga Kerja Dan Transmigrasi RI 13/MEN/X/2011. Most of electroplating workers (87.5%), had the high levels of chromium blood (1.7 μg/L) and exceeded the normal limit value. Metal coating business owners should regularly control the use of personal equipment for workers to reduce the exposure of chromium for them.
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Fomichev, V. T., A. V. Savchenko, and G. P. Gubarevich. "Functional Galvanic Coatings of the Cr-Zn System." Materials Science Forum 945 (February 2019): 688–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.945.688.

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The authors have studied the influence of the electric current density, temperature, electrolyte composition on the properties of electroplating Chromium-Zinc deposits. The dependence of the maximum yield of metal on the physico-chemical characteristics of the solutions for electroplating of Chromium and Cr-Zn alloy has been shown. Chromium-Zinc coatings have been obtained from electrolytes based on chromic acid in the presence of organic additive (4-methylaminophenol). Abrupt nonlinear changes in density, viscosity, surface tension, specific electrical conductivity due to structural transformations in electrolytes are observed at the concentration of zinc sulphate of 4070 gramm / litr (further in the text - g/l), and the organic additive of 2-5 g/l. The obtained model has been applied to predict the optimal electrolyte compositions for the processes of Cr-Zn alloy formation, which will allow reducing the research efforts concerning the electrochemical studies of the given process when chromic acid solutions are used. The coatings exhibit high hardness, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, low internal stresses.
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Galimov, Damir M., Dmitrii V. Ardashev, and Aleksandr A. Dyakonov. "Morphology and Properties of Solid Chrome Plating, Obtained by the Galvano-Mechanical Method." Solid State Phenomena 299 (January 2020): 872–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.299.872.

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In this article, studies of chromium coatings obtained by a conventional electroplating method, as well as by electroplating combined with mechanical processing, were carried out. The metallographic investigations and the micro-hardness tests of the coating were carried out and characteristic types of electroplating chromium coatings were determined. It was determined that the coating obtained by galvano-mechanical processing (current density – 75 A/dm2, solution temperature – 58 °C, chrome plating time – 45 min) does not have dendritic defects, fits snugly to the base material, however, is characterized by an increased fragility. The micro-hardness of the galvanic chrome plating, obtained by electroplating, with a load of 100 g, is 960...990 HV. The surface of galvanic chromium coatings obtained under different conditions was investigated, the advantage of the galvano-mechanical technology of applying a chromium coating, implemented on the sample under study, was shown.
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Li, Chun-Teh, Wen-Jhy Lee, Kuo-Lin Huang, Sheng-Feng Fu, and Yi-Chieh Lai. "Vitrification of Chromium Electroplating Sludge." Environmental Science & Technology 41, no. 8 (2007): 2950–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es062803d.

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Setyaningsih, Yuliani, Adi Heru Husodo, and Indwiani Astuti. "Work Environment Factors and Their Influence on Urinary Chromium Levels in Informal Electroplating Workers." E3S Web of Conferences 31 (2018): 06007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183106007.

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One of the informal sector which absorbs labor was electroplating business. This sector uses chromium as coating material because it was strong, corrosion resistant and strong. Nonetheless hexavalent chromium is highly toxic if inhaled, swallowed and contact with skin. Poor hygiene, the lack of work environment factors and sanitation conditions can increase the levels of chromium in the body. This aimed of this study was to analyze the association between work environment factors and levels of urinary chromium in informal electroplating worker. A Purposive study was conducted in Tegal Central Java. The research subjects were 66 male workers. Chi Square analysis was used to establish an association between work environment factors and level of urinary chromium. There is a relationship between heat stress and wind direction to the chromium levels in urine (p <0.05), but there is no relationship between humidity and levels of chromium in the urine (p> 0.05). This explains that work environment factors can increase chromium levels in the urine of informal electroplating workers.
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Kajitvichyanukul, Puangrat, and Chulaluck Changul. "PHOTOCATALYTIC REMOVAL OF TR I- AND HEXA-VALENT CHROMIUM IONS FROM CHROME-ELECTROPL ATING WASTEWATER." ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development 22, no. 4 (2017): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.29037/ajstd.171.

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A novel technique based on photocatalysis was applied to eliminate chromium ions, a toxic hazardous environmental pollutant. The photoreduction of each species of chromium (total, hexavalent, and trivalent chromiums) from chrome-electroplating wastewater was investigated using a titanium dioxide suspension under irradiation by a low-pressure mercury lamp. The initial concentration of total chromium was 300 mg/l. The applied conditions were the direct photocatalytic reduction process at pH 3.65 and the indirect photocatalytic reduction with added hole scavengers at the same solution pH. Results from both processes were comparatively discussed. Result show that chromium was not efficiently removed by direct photoreduction. In contrast, with the adding of hole scavengers, which were formate ions, the photoreduction of chromium was very favorable. Both hexavalent and trivalent chromiums were efficiently removed. The photocatalytic mechanism is purposed in this study.
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Setyaningsih, Yuliani, Indwiani Astuti, and Adi Heru Husodo. "Determinants Levels of Urinary 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine among Chromium Electroplating Workers." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 5, no. 4 (2016): 422. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v5i4.4845.

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Electroplating workers were exposed by particulate and fog of chromium from electrolysis process during work. Chromium is highly carcinogenic when inhaled. Chromium can be reduced in the cells in the body. This process may generate Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) causing lipid peroxidation and oxidative DNA damage. This research was aimed to analyse the influence of chromium to the levels of urinary 8-OHdG as an indicator to support early diagnosis of occupational disease. 66 electroplating workers in Tegal District were taken purposively as samples for this research. There were association between chromium level in urine, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, Body Mass Index, smoking habit, alcohol and supplement drink consumption and urinary 8-OHdG (p<0.05). There was not association between BMI and urinary 8-OHdG (p>0.05). Multivariate analysis using logistic regression showed the alcohol consumption had the most powerful influence to the level of urinary 8-OHdG. The levels of urinary 8-OHdG could be used as an indicator of oxidative DNA damage and early diagnosis of occupational disease among electroplating workers who were exposed by chromium.
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Setyaningsih, Yuliani, Indwiani Astuti, and Adi Heru Husodo. "Determinants Levels of Urinary 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine among Chromium Electroplating Workers." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 5, no. 4 (2016): 422. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/.v5i4.4845.

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Electroplating workers were exposed by particulate and fog of chromium from electrolysis process during work. Chromium is highly carcinogenic when inhaled. Chromium can be reduced in the cells in the body. This process may generate Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) causing lipid peroxidation and oxidative DNA damage. This research was aimed to analyse the influence of chromium to the levels of urinary 8-OHdG as an indicator to support early diagnosis of occupational disease. 66 electroplating workers in Tegal District were taken purposively as samples for this research. There were association between chromium level in urine, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, Body Mass Index, smoking habit, alcohol and supplement drink consumption and urinary 8-OHdG (p<0.05). There was not association between BMI and urinary 8-OHdG (p>0.05). Multivariate analysis using logistic regression showed the alcohol consumption had the most powerful influence to the level of urinary 8-OHdG. The levels of urinary 8-OHdG could be used as an indicator of oxidative DNA damage and early diagnosis of occupational disease among electroplating workers who were exposed by chromium.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Electroplating. Chromium"

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Sjöberg, Josefin. "Validation and development of an electroplating process to deposit a black chromium coating from a trivalent chromium electrolyte." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Tillämpad materialvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-302965.

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SAAB AB coats a part of their magnetron with black chromium to enhance its ability to radiate thermal radiation. Today an electrodeposition process that has hexavalent chromium as its main component is used, but hexavalent chromium is carcinogenic and will be prohibited. This project examines if an electrolyte based on trivalent chromium can result in a black chromium coating. The project was divided into in four experimental parts: investigation of the adhesion on copper, the effect on color if copper was added to the electrolyte and investigation of the process parameters with and without cooling of the electrolyte. It was concluded that a black chromium coating can be deposited from a trivalent electrolyte. Heating the sample after plating and addition of iron or copper in the electrolyte darkens the color but addition of copper can not produce a coating on copper substrates with good adhesion. To examine how the coating thickness and emissivity vary with the current density, electrolyte temperature and plating time, the coatings thickness and emissivity were measured for different settings. It was shown that the coating thickness increased with plating time and current density until a critical value was reached and the coating started to peel off. No correlation between the emissivity and process parameters could be shown. It is suggested that further experiment are conducted to investigate if a variation in pH- value effects the emissivity. Based on the results and conclusions it is recommended that the addition of iron to the electrolyte is further examined.
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[UNESP], Padilha Rodolfo de Queiroz. "Influência na vida em fadiga da espessura das camadas de níquel e cromo duro em aço ABNT 4340." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105370.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:34:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:47:49Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 padilha_rq_dr_guara.pdf: 4651598 bytes, checksum: 77a7edcf3c2fe16e30e62ec60549c1f8 (MD5)<br>Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)<br>Este estudo objetiva analisar a influência da espessura de uma camada intermediária de níquel químico sob cromo duro eletrodepositado no aço de alta resistência, ABNT 4340 (utilizado em trens de pouso de aeronaves), com dureza de 39 HRc e 52 HRc. A análise é realizada por meio de dados obtidos nos ensaios de fadiga por flexão rotativa, das amostras revestidas com cromo duro, com e sem camada intermediária de níquel químico. As espessuras com melhor desempenho foram submetidas a ensaio de fadiga axial, em corpos de prova com e sem entalhe. Os resultados demonstram que a aplicação da camada de níquel químico é benéfica, em todas as espessuras analisadas, porém, há espessura que seu desempenho é ainda melhor. O tema proposto surgiu do interesse da ELEB - Embraer Liebherr Equipamentos do Brasil, em buscar por novas alternativas ou melhorias ao atual revestimento de cromo duro convencional.<br>The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of the thickness of an intermediate layer of chemical nickel under chromium electroplating on a high resistance steel ABNT 4340 (used in aircrafts landing gears), with hardness of 39 and 52 HRc. The analysis is done through data obtained from rotating bending fatigue tests of samples coated with hard chromium, with and without intermediate layer of chemical nickel. The thickness with better performance are submitted to axial fatigue tests, with and without notch. The results demonstrate that the application of a layer of chemical nickel is beneficial, in all of the analyzed thickness although some thicknesses present even better performance. The proposed work is due to the interest of the Brazilian Company of Aeronautics, Division of Equipments - EMBRAER/ELEB - in searching for new alternatives or improvements to the current coating with conventional hard chromium.
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Hingley, Stacey Louise. "Characterisation of potential replacements for nickel compounds used in decorative chromium plating." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/311675.

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The electroplating industries use soluble nickel salts in numerous applications. Over the past few years this has become problematic due to the reclassification of these salts from a harmful substance to now a toxic substance. The introduction of the legislation REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation &amp; restriction of CHemicals) has meant the electroplating industry has had to use less harmful chemicals where possible, thus meaning companies are investing in research to find an alternative to the nickel deposit. In this study, alternative deposits under investigation as a potential replacement to the nickel deposit under the decorative chromium deposit has been characterised in terms of the appearance, surface topography and corrosion resistance by using spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), linear polarisation, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and accelerated corrosion salt spray methods. Spectrophotometry identified that a white Cu-Sn alloy gave a bluer appearance in comparison to the nickel deposit, when the chromium deposit was plated on top this modified the colour slightly giving the white Cu-Sn alloy with chromium a similar appearance to the nickel and chromium deposit. The yellow Cu-Sn alloy was yellow in colour with a visibly dull appearance, but when chromium was plated on top of the yellow Cu-Sn alloy the colour was improved but still remained dull. The SEM and AFM results identified that the white Cu-Sn alloy deposit had similar nodulated topography to the nickel deposit and when the chromium was plated on top the topography changed only slightly. While the yellow Cu-Sn alloy deposits showed a more crystalline structure and increased roughness in comparison to the nickel deposit, the chromium deposit plated on top did not change the structure of the underlying deposit but it did reduce the roughness slightly. Electrochemical corrosion tests showed the white Cu-Sn alloy to have a higher polarisation resistance compared to the nickel deposit, thus suggesting it would provide similar corrosion protection to the nickel deposit. The yellow Cu-Sn alloy proved to have a faster corrosion rate in comparison to the nickel deposit. Accelerated corrosion tests proved the white Cu-Sn alloy to be more corrosive than the nickel despite the electrochemical test results, it was concluded that the white Cu-Sn alloy deposit was porous and therefore provided less corrosion protection to the substrate in comparison to the nickel deposit. The yellow Cu-Sn alloy had a lower corrosion protection than the nickel deposit and when combined as a duplex Cu-Sn alloy with the white Cu-Sn alloy deposit there was no improvement in corrosion performance. The plated chromium deposit did improve the corrosion protection for most deposits but none of the alternatives could match the corrosion protection offered by the standard nickel with chromium deposit. This study concluded that the white Cu-Sn alloy with chromium deposit was found to be a potential alternative to the nickel with chromium deposit for applications where appearance is primary, no alternative could be found to match the corrosion protection provided by the standard nickel and chromium process.
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Silva, Carlos Sergio da. "Determinação de cromo hexavalente no ambiente de trabalho de galvonoplastias e em fluído biológico de trabalhadores." Universidade de São Paulo, 1991. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46133/tde-20082008-092003/.

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Avaliação ambiental, biológica e médica foram realizadas em 17 cromadores de 9 galvânicas do Estado de São Paulo, sendo cinco de cromo decorativo e quatro de cromo duro. O ar do ambiente de trabalho foi coletado individual e estacionariamente durante a semana de trabalho. Amostras de urina dos cromadores, foram coletadas no início e final do período de trabalho, encontrando-se uma correlação entre cromo urinário final e cromo no ar de 0,5. Usou-se a Absorção Atômica com Forno de Grafite GFAAS para determinar-se a concentração de cromo no ar ( Cr-ar) e cromo urinário ( Cr-U). O cromo hexavalente Cr (VI) foi extraído dos filtros de membrana de PVC com porosidade 5 &#181;m com o tampão ácido acético/acetato de sódio, com a complexação do Cr (VI) feita por APDC. O complexo foi extraído com MIK. O limite de detecção foi de 1,1 &#181;g/L. O Cr-U foi analisado diretamente por GFAAS com o limite de detecção 0,50 &#181;g/L utilizando-se como modificador de matriz, nitrato de magnésio hexahidratado. Sem o modificador de matriz o limite de detecção foi de 0,14 &#181;g/L. As concentrações de Cr (VI) no ar nas galvânicas de cromo decorativo variaram de 0,3 a 64,6 &#181;g/m3 e nas de cromo duro variaram de 4,1 a 72,8 &#181;g/m3 , mostrando a inadequação de alguns sistemas de exaustão. 60% dos cromadores das galvânicas de cromo duro tinham o septo nasal perfurado e todos os cromadores avaliados clinicamente tinham alterações nas vias aéreas superiores. O Cr-Uf que é utilizado como indicador biológico para compostos solúveis de cromo hexavalente, em muitos casos seus valores deram menores que o Cr-Ui, necessitando-se de estudos mais aprofundados quanto a esse aspecto, para evitar que o trabalhador possa ser prejudicado com resultados nem sempre condizentes com sua exposição.<br>Environmental, biological and medical evaluations was made in 17th workers of 9 chrome plating plants of the State of Sao Paulo, being 5 of decorative chrome plating and 4 of hard chrome plating. Environmental air samples were individual and stationarily collected during are week. Worker\'s urine samples were collected in the starting and in the end of the working period and it was obtained a correlation of 0,5 between the final urine chromium content and chromium air content. Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry GFAAS was used for the determination of the chromium levels in the air (Cr-air) and in the urine(Cr-U). The Cr (VI) was extrated of the PVC membrane filters with an acetic acid/sodium acetate buffer and the Cr (VI) was isolated with APDC/MIBK. The detection limit obtained was 1,1 &#181;g/L. The Cr-U was analised directly by GFAAS and the detection limit obtained was 0,50 &#181;g/L, using magnesium Nitrate as matrix modifier and 0,14 &#181;g/L without matrix modifier. The Cr (VI) concentration in the air was in the range of 0,3 to 64,6 &#181;g/m3 in the decorative chrome plating and of 4,1 to 72,8 &#181;g/m3 in the hard chrome plating, showing that the exhaust systems were inadequate. 60% of the workers of the hard chrome plating had perforation in the nasal cartilage and alI workers clinically evaluated presented alterations in the upper respiratory airway. The Cr-Uf that is used as biological indicator for the Cr(VI) soluble compounds, in many cases presented lower levels that the Cr-Ui showing that it is necessary more studies about this subject. In order to present inadequated results concerning the worker\'s exposition.
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CHEPCANOFF, VERA. "Separacao e recuperacao de cromio e outros elementos de valor em solucoes de trabalho e residuos industriais de galvanoplastia por troca ionica." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2001. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10909.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:45:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0<br>Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:59:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 07174.pdf: 7729112 bytes, checksum: 448b0bbb9302347b89a39b90929d3bf4 (MD5)<br>Dissertacao (Mestrado)<br>IPEN/D<br>Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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Alves, Lucas Campaner. "Caracterização do cromo presente no lodo de galvanoplastia: avaliação técnica e econômica de processos de remoção." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85134/tde-29032016-084227/.

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O lodo gerado em processos de galvanoplastia é classificado pela ABNT NBR 10.004/04 como perigoso (classe I). Na literatura encontram-se poucos estudos referentes à recuperação do cromo presente no lodo gerado em sistemas de tratamento de efluentes de indústrias de galvanoplastia. Neste sentido, o presente estudo avaliou a remoção do cromo presente no lodo de galvanoplastia por meio de dois processos, visando avaliar à eficiência técnica e a viabilidade econômica de ambos. O Processo 1 consistiu na remoção do cálcio utilizando o ácido cítrico, seguida de lixiviação ácida. Na etapa de oxidação, variou-se a temperatura em 40ºC, 60ºC e 80ºC e no tempo de 30, 60 e 90 minutos, tendo em vista que a eficiência do processo de oxidação depende da temperatura e tempo. Nesta etapa do processo as concentrações de peroxido de hidrogênio (H2O2) utilizadas foram de 1,50, 3,00 e 4,50 mol.L-1. O Processo 2 realizou a oxidação do cromo sem efetuar as etapas de extração do cálcio e a lixiviação ácida. A oxidação do cromo ocorreu pelo mesmo método apresentado no Processo 1. A caracterização elementar da amostra determinou que o principal elemento constituinte do lodo é o cálcio (20,05% em massa), e que dentre os metais pesados destacam-se o cromo e o níquel (6,52% e 4,33% em massa, respectivamente). A maior eficiência de remoção do cálcio foi obtida na razão mássica de 8,00 (ácido cítrico/hidróxido de cálcio), com 51,76% em massa, seguida pela razão mássica de 5,50 com 36,75% em massa e 2,50 com 24,83% em massa. O melhor resultado de oxidação do cromo no Processo 1 foi obtido com tempo de 30 minutos, temperatura de 60ºC e concentração de peroxido de hidrogênio de 3,00 mol.L-1, com eficiência de 41,09% em massa. No Processo 2, obteve-se a remoção de 37,96% em massa de cromo a temperatura de 80ºC, por uma hora e 3,00 mol.L-1 de peróxido de hidrogênio. Avaliando os custos para remoção do cromo dos dois processos, determinou-se que o Processo 1 foi mais oneroso que o 2, porém ambos não apresentaram viabilidade econômica para aplicação em escala industrial. Nos dois processos efetuou-se a oxidação do cromo presente no lodo de galvanoplastia, permitindo a sua remoção parcial neste resíduo. Com isso obtiveram-se ganhos ambientais, pela diminuição deste elemento no resíduo de galvanoplastia, que na maioria das vezes é disposto em aterros classe I, gerando um passivo ambiental.<br>The sludge generated in electroplating processes is classified by NBR 10.004/04 as a hazardous material (class I). In the literature, few studies report the recovery of chromium present in the electroplating sludge generated in the industries. In this sense, the present study conducted the removal of chromium in the electroplating sludge through two different processes, aiming to evaluate their efficiency and economic viability. The first process removed calcium through the use of citric acid being performed by varying the ratio of citric acid/calcium hydroxide (2.5, 5.5 and 8.0). Then, were performed the leaching of the samples. According to the literature, the efficiency of the oxidation process varies depending on the reaction temperature, time and concentration of hydrogen peroxide. For this reason, samples were heated to a temperature ranging from 40°C, 60°C and 80°C. Also, were conducted variations in the concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (1.5, 3.0 and 4.5 mol.L-1) and reaction time (30, 60 and 90 minutes). The second Process consisted in the chrome recovery by using the galvanic sludge without removal of the calcium and acid leaching. The chrome oxidation occurred by the same method shown in Process 1. Elemental characterization of the samples determined that the primary sludge constituent was calcium (20.05% by weight), and in terms of heavy metals, the chromium and the nickel (6.52% and 4.33% by mass, respectively). Most of calcium removal efficiency was obtained at a rate of 8 with 51.76% by mass, then the ratio of 5.50 to 36.75% by mass and 2.50 to 24.83% by mass. The best oxidation result of chromium in Process 1 was obtained using a time of 30 minutes, 60°C and hydrogen peroxide concentration of 3 mol.l-1, with 41.09 wt% efficiency. In Process 2 was obtained the removal of 37.96% by mass of chromium temperature of 80°C, for one hour and 3,00 mol.l-1 of hydrogen peroxide. Evaluating the costs for chrome removal of the two processes was determined that the Process 1 was more costly than 2, but both showed no economic feasibility for implementation on an industrial scale. However, in both cases occurred the oxidation of chromium present in the electroplating sludge, allowing its removal from the residue. Thus, environmental gains have been achieved by the reduction of this element in electroplating waste, which mostly is intended for landfill class I, generating an environmental liability.
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ALVES, LUCAS C. "Caracterização do cromo presente no lodo de galvanoplastia: avaliação técnica e econômica de processos de remoção." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2016. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/26379.

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Submitted by Claudinei Pracidelli (cpracide@ipen.br) on 2016-06-22T12:30:02Z No. of bitstreams: 0<br>Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-22T12:30:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0<br>Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear)<br>IPEN/D<br>Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Nechvátalová, Ivana. "Bezpečnostní studie technologie galvanického pokovování." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228206.

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Submitted thesis deal with estimation safeness of electroplating technologi with reference to occurrence hazardous substances falls on man and environment. To identification diversification was used quantitative risk assessment and chemical exposure index.
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Sommer, John T. "Removal of copper and iron contamination from chromic acid electroplating baths using electrodialysis with caustic catholyte." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/26213.

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Vondruš, Jiří. "Návrh a konstrukce modelu automatické galvanizační linky." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217635.

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This thesis deals with the design of automated system of electroplating. The first part is centered on designing the technological process for this electroplating and the setout of operating vats. It also deals with the project of mechanical construction, electrical system, with the computing procedure and the optimum choice of gear for galvanic line model. The work includes the design of a DC motor controller, the computing procedure and the construction of heating element for vats heater simulation. The last part of this thesis offers an insight to the control system and the assembled program. In the addendum, the photo of the realized model, the wiring scheme, and the programme transcript for control galvanic line model can be found.
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Books on the topic "Electroplating. Chromium"

1

Lausmann, G. A. Chromium Plating. E.G. Leuze, 2007.

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Lausmann, G. A. Die galvanische Verchromung. E.G. Leuze, 1998.

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Lausmann, G. A. Die galvanische Verchromung. 2nd ed. E.G. Leuze, 2006.

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Hay, K. James. Development of Venturi/Vortex Scrubber Technology for controlling chromium electroplating hazardous air emissions. US Army Corps of Engineers, Construction Engineering Research Laboratories, 1998.

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Kurniawan, Tonni Agustiono. Removal of toxic Cr (VI) from wastewater. Nova Science Publishers, 2011.

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), Industrial Waste Diversion Program (Ont. Preliminary evaluation of copper, nickel, and chromium recovery from wastes generated by the metal finishing industry in Ontario. Queen's Printer for Ontario, 1991.

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Sommer, John T. Removal of copper and iron contamination from chromic acid electroplating baths using electrodialysis with caustic catholyte. Available from the National Technical Information Service, 1991.

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Midwest Research Institute (Kansas City, Mo.) and United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards., eds. Chromium emissions from chromium electroplating and chromic acid anodizing operations: Background information for proposed standards. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air and Radiation, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, 1993.

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United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, ed. Chromium emissions from chromium electroplating and chromic acid anodizing operations: Background information for promulgated standards. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, 1994.

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Laboratory, Construction Engineering Research, ed. Venturi/Vortex scrubber technology for controlling/recycling chromium electroplating emissions. US Army Corps of Engineers, Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Electroplating. Chromium"

1

Mandich, Nenad V., and Donald L. Snyder. "Electrodeposition of Chromium." In Modern Electroplating. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470602638.ch7.

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Harrington, P. J., and G. W. Stevens. "Recovery of Chromium(VI) from Electroplating Rinse Water: The Development of a Hollow Fibre Solvent Extraction Process." In Electrometallurgy and Environmental Hydrometallurgy. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118804407.ch42.

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Kim, Dae Geun, and Jae Ho Lee. "Fabrication of WC and WC(Co) Codeposited Nickel Composite Coating by Electroplating Method for the Replacement of Chromium Coating." In Eco-Materials Processing and Design IX. Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-472-3.225.

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Choi, Min Young, Y. Choi, J. I. Choe, Man Kim, and Sik Chol Kwon. "Effect of Solution Chemistry and Electroplating Conditions on the Deposition Rate and Wear Resistance of Eco-Friendly Trivalent Chromium Layers." In Materials Science Forum. Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-960-1.4005.

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DENNIS, J. K., and T. E. SUCH. "Bright nickel electroplating." In Nickel and Chromium Plating. Elsevier, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-408-01124-2.50009-7.

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DENNIS, J. K., and T. E. SUCH. "Electroplating onto plastics." In Nickel and Chromium Plating. Elsevier, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-408-01124-2.50016-4.

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Dennis, J. K., and T. E. Such. "Electroplating onto plastics." In Nickel and Chromium Plating. Elsevier, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9781845698638.330.

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Dennis, J. K., and T. E. Such. "Bright nickel electroplating." In Nickel and Chromium Plating. Elsevier, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9781845698638.96.

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DENNIS, J. K., and T. E. SUCH. "Control and purification of nickel electroplating solutions." In Nickel and Chromium Plating. Elsevier, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-408-01124-2.50010-3.

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Dennis, J. K., and T. E. Such. "Control and purification of nickel electroplating solutions." In Nickel and Chromium Plating. Elsevier, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9781845698638.132.

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Conference papers on the topic "Electroplating. Chromium"

1

Golbabaei, F., A. Tirgar, S. Shahtaheri, M. Ganjali, and F. Akbar-Khanzadeh. "50. Parameters Influencing Hexavalent Chromium Mist Sampling During Electroplating Operations." In AIHce 2006. AIHA, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2753443.

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Peng, Shaohong, and Liwang Jiang. "Adsorption and Separation of Chromium from Electroplating wastewater with Banana Stem Adsorbent." In 2017 3rd International Forum on Energy, Environment Science and Materials (IFEESM 2017). Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ifeesm-17.2018.374.

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Koujalagi, Prasanna S., N. Harish Revanakar, and Raviraj M. Kulkarni. "Studies on hexavalent chromium removal from electroplating rinse solution onto an anion exchanger." In PROCEEDINGS OF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCES IN MATERIALS RESEARCH (ICAMR - 2019). AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0022923.

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Khedekar, D., V. Gosavi, C. Gogte, and P. Brahmankar. "Optimization of Process Parameters of Nickel - Chromium Electroplating for Thickness Variation using Genetic Algorithm." In International Conference on Communication and Signal Processing 2016 (ICCASP 2016). Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iccasp-16.2017.7.

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Cai Zhihai, Zhang Ping, Zhao Junjun, and Du Junv. "Green manufacturing technologies of CrTiAIN composite coatings as an alternative to chromium electroplating for piston rings." In 5th International Conference on Responsive Manufacturing - Green Manufacturing (ICRM 2010). IET, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2010.0459.

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Loane, S., P. R. Selvaganapathy, and C. Y. Ching. "Development and Characterization of an Electroplated Copper Nickel Alloy–Platinum Micro-Thermocouple." In ASME/JSME 2011 8th Thermal Engineering Joint Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajtec2011-44302.

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A cost effective electrodeposition technique was developed to microfabricate copper nickel alloy (CuNi)-platinum micro thermocouples. A flat smooth silicon wafer with a 9000 Å layer of oxide was chosen as the substrate material. Gold was used for the thermocouple electroplating base because of its high resistance to electrochemical corrosion and oxidation. Since gold does not adhere to the silicon substrate, a chromium layer was deposited as a seed layer for the gold deposition. The substrate is patterned using a lithography process to create a mould for the plating with junction sizes in the range 50 μm to 500 μm. The CuNi leg was electroplated onto the exposed gold surface. The platinum leg of the thermocouple was metal deposited. The CuNi composition of the microfabricated thermocouples was 16.3 percent nickel and 83.7 percent copper as determined through energy dispersive spectroscopy. The sensitivity of the microthermocouple was determined using a thermal bath, with the platinum leg as a reference. The sensitivity was 39 μV/°C for ice bath compensated and 41 μV/°C for non compensated thermocouples.
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Reports on the topic "Electroplating. Chromium"

1

Sartwell, Bruce D., and Keith O. Legg. Replacement of Chromium Electroplating on Landing Gear Components Using HVOF Thermal Spray Coatings. Defense Technical Information Center, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada607046.

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Hay, K. J., Shaoying Qi, Norman Helgeson, and Bruce Holden. Venturi/Vortex Scrubber and Pushed Liquid Recirculation System for Controlling/Recycling Chromium Electroplating Emissions. Defense Technical Information Center, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada607429.

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Paulson, Kathleen, Craig Matzdorf, and Stephen Scwartz. The Use of Wetting Agents/Fume Suppressants for Minimizing the Atmospheric Emissions from Hard Chromium Electroplating Baths. Defense Technical Information Center, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada423561.

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Paulson, Kathleen, Craig Matzdorf, and T. D. Ferguson. The Use of Wetting Agents/Fume Suppressants for Minimizing the Atmospheric Emissions from Hard Chromium Electroplating Baths. Defense Technical Information Center, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada631324.

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Sartwell, Bruce D., and Keith O. Legg. A Replacement of Chromium Electroplating on C-2, E-2, P-3, and C-130 Propeller Hubs using HVOF Thermal Spray Coatings. Defense Technical Information Center, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada603749.

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