Journal articles: 'Electropolishing'

1

Hensel, Kenneth B. "Electropolishing." Metal Finishing 98, no. 1 (January 2000): 440–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-0576(00)80353-0.

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Hensel, Kenneth B. "Electropolishing." Metal Finishing 97, no. 1 (January 1999): 440–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-0576(00)83104-9.

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Murphy, Michael. "Electropolishing." Metal Finishing 94, no. 2 (February 1996): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-0576(96)93835-0.

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Hensel, Kenneth B. "Electropolishing." Metal Finishing 99 (January 2001): 440–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-0576(01)85304-6.

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Hensel, Kenneth B. "Electropolishing." Metal Finishing 100 (January 2002): 425–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-0576(02)82046-3.

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Hensel, Kenneth B. "Electropolishing." Metal Finishing 97, no. 1 (January 1999): 447–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-0576(99)80046-4.

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Sinkler, Wharton. "Electropolishing." Microscopy Today 4, no. 10 (December 1996): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s155192950006332x.

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Jumer, John F. "Electropolishing." Metal Finishing 93, no. 1 (January 1995): 420–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0026-0576(95)93391-e.

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Murphy, Michael. "Electropolishing." Metal Finishing 93, no. 2 (February 1995): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0026-0576(95)96056-2.

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Zhang, Linhui, and Binnian Zhong. "Electropolishing Behavior of 8xxx Al Alloy in Perchloric Acid and Ethanol Solution." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2529, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 012021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2529/1/012021.

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Abstract The electropolishing characteristic curves of rolled 8079 Al alloy in perchloric acid and ethanol solution from -25 °C to 25 °C are obtained. The optimal electropolishing conditions of the 8079 Al alloy with rolled are investigated by optical microscope. The result shows that the lower the electropolishing temperature is, the longer the electropolishing time is, and the time range and voltage range are wider. Furthermore, the calibration rate of the phase after electropolishing is higher than 97% investigated by Electron Back-Scatter Diffraction. The electropolishing effect of both 8079 Al alloy with cast and 8011 Al alloy (cast and rolled) is verified.

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Lee, Peter J. "Enhanced control of electropolishing for the preparation of thin foils for TEM: Artificial and multiple - phase micro-electropolishing." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 54 (August 11, 1996): 1028–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100167603.

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By rapidly changing voltage and current settings during electropolishing conditions can be set up for polishing otherwise difficult to polish multi-phase material. In addition a wider a more flexible range of polishing conditions can be obtained by manipulating the film build-up condition in micro-electropolishing that is normally outside the useful range of electropolishing.Electropolishing may be broken down into two distinct processes: Macro-electropolishing or “smoothing” whereby large scale asperities are removed and Mcro-electropolishing or “brightening” in which smaller (<lμm) irregularities are removed. In “bath” (immersion) electropolishing both processes take place whereas in “jet” electropolishing the polishing mechanism is primarily micro-electropolishing. For micro-polishing to occur a thin solid film must be produced at the specimen surface. In order for micro-electropolishing (sometimes called brightening or brilliance) there must be random removal of metal from the surface irrespective of features such as grain-boundaries, grain orientation and defects.

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Tang, Changbin, Xue Li, Jingang Tang, Kang Ren, and Juanqin Xue. "Electropolishing with Low Mass Loss for Additive Manufacturing of Ti6Al4V in Zinc Chloride-Urea Deep-Eutectic Solvent." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 171, no. 5 (May 1, 2024): 051504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ad4b60.

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A novel electropolishing approach for Ti6Al4V was developed involving a zinc chloride (ZnCl2)-urea deep-eutectic polishing system, with current density of 0.6 A cm−2, temperature of 90 °C, stirring speed of 260 rpm, and polishing time of 10 min. The system achieved a polished surface with 73% reduction in surface roughness. Compared with other electropolishing processes, the system decreased material mass loss rate following electropolishing of titanium alloys, making it suitable for surface polishing of additively or conventionally melt-cast fabricated titanium alloys. Using the deep-eutectic solvent for electropolishing of Ti6Al4V not only improves surface hydrophobicity, but also enhances electrochemical corrosion resistance. Furthermore, compared with electropolishing behaviour in green nonaqueous solvents, a similar electropolishing mechanism occurred in deep-eutectic solvents, but the electropolishing efficiency in the ZnCl2-urea deep-eutectic system was higher, and its surface mass loss become lower than that of the sodium chloride-glycol electropolishing systems. The developed system provided a new approach for surface finishing of titanium alloys and has great potential for engineering applications.

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Jeong, Junyoung, Wanjun Yoon, Bongjin Chung, Giyoung Jeon, and Seongwoo Ryu. "Fabrication of Eco-Friendly Graphene Nanoplatelet Electrode for Electropolishing and Its Properties." Applied Sciences 11, no. 7 (April 3, 2021): 3224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11073224.

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Electropolishing is one of the most widely applied metal polishing techniques for passivating and deburring metal parts. Copper is often used as cathode electrode for electropolishing due to its low electrical resistance and low flow values. However, during the electropolishing process, elution of the cathode electrode caused by the electrolyte and remaining oxygen gas also causes critical water pollution and inhibits electropolishing efficiency. Therefore, to achieve an efficient and eco-friendly electropolishing process, development of a highly corrosion resistive and conductive electrode is necessary. We developed a highly oriented graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) electrode that minimizes water pollution in the electropolishing process. We functionalized GNP by a one-step mass-productive ball-milling process and non-covalent melamine functionalization. Melamine is an effective amphiphilic molecule that enhances dispersibility and nematic liquid crystal phase transformation of GNP. The functionalization mechanism and the material interaction were confirmed by Raman spectroscopy after high-speed shear printing. After the electropolishing process by melamine-functionalized GNP electrodes, 304 stainless steel samples were noticeably polished as copper electrodes and elution of carbon was over 50 times less than was the case when using copper electrodes. This electropolishing performance of a highly oriented GNP electrode indicates that melamine-functionalized GNP has great potential for eco-friendly electropolishing applications.

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Gellér, Zsuzsa Edina, Katalin Albrecht, and János Dobránszky. "Electropolishing of Coronary Stents." Materials Science Forum 589 (June 2008): 367–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.589.367.

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Produce of coronary stents demands advanced precision. In the present study, electropolishing was performed on stainless steel slotted tube coronary stents made by laser cutting. The surface quality of stents has a significant influence on biocompatibility, therefore the optimal method for electropolishing were explored. Additionally, acid pickling as the pretreatment of electropolishing was also conducted. Pickling was necessary prior to electropolishing for decreasing roughness of the cutting zone and for removing the oxide films covering the stent surface. An optimal condition for electropolishing could also be established and it caused a smooth stent surface. Material removal (weight loss and strut width change) in the process of both pickling and electropolishing was investigated. Furthermore, material characterization of the stents was determined by means of composition analysis, metallographic characterization and microstructural analysis.

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Tsui, Hai Ping, A. Cheng Wang, Biing Hwa Yan, and Chun-Hao Yang. "Electropolishing Research for Stainless Steel Surface Finishing under Vacuum Status." Solid State Phenomena 354 (December 20, 2023): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-yxa8bg.

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This research aims to study the electropolishing conducted under vacuum status. The electropolishing can be used to finishing high purity components of SUS 316L to make them shine and without leaving residual stress, micro-cracks, etc. In the research, the electropolishing process parameters are selected, such as current density, degree of vacuum and polishing time to conduct the electropolishing experiment. The experimental results show that the bubbles attached to the surface of the work-piece in the vacuum state are reduced, thereby improving the surface roughness and surface pitting. The vacuum status in the process can improve the electropolishing process.

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Abdel-Fattah, Tarek M., and Jon Derek Loftis. "Comparison of Electrochemical Polishing Treatments between Phosphoric Acid and a Deep Eutectic Solvent for High-Purity Copper." Sustainable Chemistry 3, no. 2 (May 19, 2022): 238–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/suschem3020015.

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This study investigated and compared the acid-free electropolishing of copper with the state-of-the-art acidic electropolishing process. The acid-free medium used in this study is based on a deep eutectic solvent comprised of 2:1 ethylene glycol and choline chloride. The electrochemical study included voltammetry and chronoamperometry tests during the electropolishing process. The characterization techniques used were atomic force microscopy (AFM) and digital microscopy, and surface morphology comparisons summarized the electropolishing efficiency of phosphoric acid and acid-free deep eutectic solvent treatments for high-purity copper. Electropolishing copper with a deep eutectic solvent resulted in a mirror finish and a post-treatment surface that was 8× smoother than the original metal surface prior to electropolishing treatments with a smoothing efficiency of 91.1 ± 1.5%. This eco-friendly solution produced polished surfaces superior to those surfaces treated with industry standard acid electrochemistry treatments of 1 M H3PO4.

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Gadalińska, Elżbieta, and Wojciech Wronicz. "Electropolishing Procedure Dedicated to In-Depth Stress Measurements with X-Ray Diffractometry." Fatigue of Aircraft Structures 2016, no. 8 (June 1, 2016): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fas-2016-0004.

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AbstractElectropolishing is the sole reliable method of removing the outer layer of the specimen without changing its stress state. This feature of the electropolishing procedure allows researchers to investigate the in-depth stress distribution. Developing of the method in a diffraction laboratory is crucial because there is no universal theory for the electropolishing procedure allowing the removal of the layers of different thickness. This is due to the multiplicity of different factors affecting the electropolishing results. A factor of vital importance from the point of view of indepth stress measurements is the thickness of the electropolishing layer. Hence the importance of the procedures for the electropolishing of a layer of a precisely defined thickness.This work deals with the problem of the selection of the parameters in the electropolishing process for two types of materials: stainless steel and aluminium alloy. The tests of mutual correlation of current intensity, voltage applied and time of the procedure and its results are presented in the paper.

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Firmanto, Hudiyo, and Budhyantoro Arief. "SURFACE QUALITY AND CORROSION RESISTANCE OF 316L STAINLESS STEEL ELECTROPOLISHED USING PHOSPHORIC – SULFURIC ACIDS." Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin 14, no. 3 (December 15, 2023): 823–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/jrm.v14i3.1333.

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Electropolishing is an electrochemical surface finishing technique. It is commonly applied to equipment that requires a gleaming finish. This surface property is frequently required in 316L stainless steel (SS) medical implants. Electropolishing removes a thin layer from the metal's surface through electrochemical processes. This results in a very clean, smooth, and bright metal surface. The process parameters, such as electrolyte solution, electrical current, and electropolishing time, influence surface roughness and glossiness. The dissolution of metallic ions during the process may also affect the corrosion resistance of the treated material in addition to producing a shiny surface. This study investigated the surface glossiness, surface roughness, and corrosion of electropolished 316L SS. Electropolishing experiments on 316 SS were carried out using various H3PO4 (50%) and H2SO4 (32%) electrolyte solution compositions. The influences of electrolyte solution composition, electric current, and electropolishing time were studied. The results showed that increasing the H2SO4 content of the mixture and electropolishing the 316L SS for a longer period of time improved the surface roughness and glossiness. Under 10 Amp electric currents, the best surface glossiness was discovered. A corrosion test revealed that the electropolishing produced a Cr and Ni-rich layer that improved the corrosion resistance of the samples.

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Hernando, M., Pedro Jose Núñez López, Eustaquio García Plaza, and R. Trujillo. "Effect of Electrolyte on the Surface Smoothness Obtained by Electropolishing of Stainless Steel." Materials Science Forum 713 (February 2012): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.713.55.

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Electropolishing is a surface finishing process of metals and alloys that enhances brilliant surface finishes with low surface roughness values. The most widely used electrolytes for the electropolishing of stainless steel are varying concentrations of phosphoric and sulphuric acid, and occasionally additives such as chromic acid. The objective of this study was to assess the performance of three commonly used industrial electrolytes in terms of the surface finish of electropolished stainless steel AISI 316L. Each electrolyte had varying sulphuric-phosphoric acid combinations with or without chromic acid. The following electropolishing conditions were assessed: current density, bath temperature, electropolishing time, and initial surface texture. The results revealed that adding chromic acid to the electrolyte did not significantly enhance surface finish, and electropolishing ranges were quite similar for all three electrolytes.

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Núñez, Pedro José, Eustaquio García Plaza, Miguel Hernando Prada, and Roberto Trujillo Coronel. "Electrolyte Effect on the Surface Roughness Obtained by Electropolishing of AISI 316L Stainless Steel." Materials Science Forum 797 (June 2014): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.797.133.

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Electropolishing is a process for the surface finishing of metals and alloys, achieving brilliant surface finish with very low surface roughness values. The most common electrolytes for the electropolishing of stainless steel are varying concentrations of phosphoric and sulphuric acid, and occasionally additives such as chromic acid. The objective of this study was to assess the performance of three commonly used industrial electrolytes in terms of the surface finish of electropolished stainless steel. Each electrolyte had different concentrations of phosphoric acid, sulphuric acid, and chromic acid. The following electropolishing conditions were assessed: current density, bath temperature, electropolishing time, initial textures, and electrode positions. This study on the performance of three industrial electrolytes for the polishing of stainless steel AISI 316L revealed that adding chromic acid does not significantly enhance surface finish, and electropolishing ranges were quite similar for all three electrolytes.

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Zou, Dongyi, Chaojiang Li, Yuxin Yang, Xin Jin, Shenggui Liu, Hongyi Zhang, and Na Zhang. "Using the Ethaline Electropolishing Method on the Internal Surface of Additive Manufactured Tubes." Materials 17, no. 19 (October 8, 2024): 4915. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17194915.

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Electropolishing is a widely used technique for polishing additive manufactured (AM) components, while complex internal surface polishing remains a challenge. In this study, we explore the use of ethaline as an electrolyte and investigate the effects of temperature, time, stirring speed, and voltage on the electropolishing effectiveness for AM tubes without pre-treatment through orthogonal experiments. The optimal combination of these factors is then applied in further electropolishing experiments on straight tubes with large length-to-diameter ratios and an angled tube. Our results indicate that temperature has the most significant impact on internal surface electropolishing performance, and other factors’ effects are also analyzed. Ethaline can be a promising electrolyte for internal surface electropolishing of AM components because of its high viscosity, which is validated by flow field simulation of the hydrodynamic conditions inside the tubes.

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Suyitno, Ishak, P. Dewo, R. Dharmastiti, R. Magetsari, U. A. Salim, and L. Hidayat. "The Effect of Sandblasting and Electropolishing on the Surface Roughness and Corrosion Rate of AISI 316L Stainless Steel." Advanced Materials Research 1123 (August 2015): 192–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1123.192.

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The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of sandblasting and electropolishing on roughness and corrosion rate of AISI 316L stainless steel. The equipment used was sandblasting machine with a working pressure of 5-7 kg/cm2 with a duration of 10 minutes. The silica sand was used with size of 500-800 μm. The equipment used in the electropolishing process is the DC power supply with a maximum output of 2x100A. Anode and cathode material were AISI 316L stainless steel. Electrolyte solution consisted of 96% mass fraction of sulfuric acid and 85% mass fraction of phosphoric acid with a ratio of 1. The parameters used in the electropolish process were voltage, electrodes distance and electropolishing duration process. The combination of sandblasting and electropolishing cause the decrease in surface roughness by more than 28 times, from 3.17 to 0.11 μm. The decrease in the rate of corrosion on specimens that have been treated sandblasting and electropolishing by 37%. The optimum parameters for testing surface roughness and corrosion rate contained in the sandblasting process electropolishing for 10 minutes with a distance of 1 cm, duration 20 minutes and voltage 8V.

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Safaruddin, Abdul Rahim, Urip Agus Salim, Suyitno Suyitno, Muslim Mahardika, and Budi Arifvianto. "Electropolishing with Circulated Electrolyte for Improving Surface Finish of Brass." Solid State Phenomena 354 (December 20, 2023): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-q7ttgu.

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Electropolishing has been widely used for surface finishing of metallic products in the industry, owing to its excellent capability of producing metallic components with a homogeneously smooth surfaces. However, this treatment is often constrained by the long duration required for the processing. Therefore, an improvement in this process is needed. The aim of this research is to introduce the use of electropolishing with circulated electrolytes for improving the surface finish of brass. In this work, electropolishing was carried out by using circulated H2SO4 electrolyte for 10 to 30 min in a customized electropolishing chamber. The effect of this treatment on surface morphology, surface roughness, and thickness reduction of the brass specimen was determined. The results showed a better capability of electropolishing with circulated electrolyte in decreasing the brass roughness, i.e., by 84%, than that without electrolyte circulation which only reached 45% during 30 min of the treatment.

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Kim, Sung Hyun, Sang Gyun Lee, Seung Geon Choi, Eun Sang Lee, Seung Bok Choi, and Chul Hee Lee. "A Study on the Characteristics of Micro Electropolishing for Stainless Steel." Advanced Materials Research 328-330 (September 2011): 474–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.328-330.474.

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Electropolishing, the anodic dissolution process without contact with tools, is a surface Treatment method to make a surface planarization using an electrochemical reaction with low current density. Stainless steel can be put various applications which require purity and high precision surface of products. The aim of this study is to investigate the characteristic of electropolishing effect for stainless steel workpieces. In order to analyze the characteristics of electropolishing effect, surface roughness and micro-burr size were measured in terms of machining conditions such as current density, machining time and electrode gap. The tendencies about improvement of surface roughness by electropolishing for stainless steel workpieces were determined.

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Pourjafari, Dena, Dora Irma Martínez, Alejandro Vázquez, and Idalia Gómez. "The effect of changing the electrolyte species volume ratio on the electropolishing of aluminum foil." Quimica Hoy 2, no. 4 (September 30, 2012): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.29105/qh2.4-242.

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In this paper, the electrochemical behavior and surface morphology of AA1100 were investigated in commercial electropolishing electrolyte consisting of perchloric acid (HCIO4) and ethanol (C2H5OH). Electropolishing of aluminum foil is a pre-treatment on aluminum surface before anodization process. The electropolishing on Al was carried out in different electrolyte concentrations and proper concentrations were reported by using current density-voltage curves, impedance spectroscopies and AFM images.

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Abdel-Fattah, Tarek M., and J. Derek Loftis. "Comparison of Electropolishing of Aluminum in a Deep Eutectic Medium and Acidic Electrolyte." Molecules 25, no. 23 (December 3, 2020): 5712. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25235712.

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Research advances in electropolishing, with respect to the field of metalworking, have afforded significant improvements in the surface roughness and conductivity properties of aluminum polished surfaces in ways that machine polishing and simple chemical polishing cannot. The effects of a deep eutectic medium as an acid-free electrolyte were tested to determine the potential energy thresholds during electropolishing treatments based upon temperature, experiment duration, current, and voltage. Using voltammetry and chronoamperometry tests during electropolishing to supplement representative recordings via atomic force microscopy (AFM), surface morphology comparisons were performed regarding the electropolishing efficiency of phosphoric acid and acid-free ionic liquid treatments for aluminum. This eco-friendly solution produced polished surfaces superior to those surfaces treated with industry standard acid electrochemistry treatments of 1 M phosphoric acid. The roughness average of the as-received sample became 6.11 times smoother, improving from 159 nm to 26 nm when electropolished with the deep eutectic solvent. This result was accompanied by a mass loss of 0.039 g and a 7.2 µm change in step height along the edge of the electropolishing interface, whereas the acid treatment resulted in a slight improvement in surface roughness, becoming 1.63 times smoother with an average post-electropolishing roughness of 97.7 nm, yielding a mass loss of 0.0458 g and a step height of 8.1 µm.

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B. Hensel, Kenneth. "Electropolishing of Aluminum." Metal Finishing 99, no. 8 (August 2001): 19–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-0576(01)81191-0.

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Mooney, Ted. "Electropolishing stacked parts." Metal Finishing 95, no. 8 (August 1997): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-0576(97)82255-6.

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Mooney, Ted. "Electropolishing of aluminum." Metal Finishing 95, no. 8 (August 1997): 34–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-0576(97)82257-x.

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Antonini, Leonardo Marasca, Rafael Gomes Mielczarski, Caroline Pigatto, Iduvirges Lourdes Müller, and Célia de Fraga Malfatti. "The Influence of the Operating Parameters of Titanium Electropolishing to Obtain Nanostructured Titanium Surfaces." Materials Science Forum 727-728 (August 2012): 1638–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.727-728.1638.

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Titanium and Ti alloys have been widely used as biomaterial due to their mechanical properties and high in vitro and in vivo cytocompatibility. Studies have showed that the acceleration of the osseointegration process is associated to the modification of the surface morphology. The aim of this work is to study the influence of the operating parameters of titanium electropolishing to obtain nanostructured titanium surfaces. The titanium electropolishing was carried out with different temperatures (7°C, 18°C and 25°C), current density of 0.19 A/cm2 and electropolishing time of 8 minutes. After the electropolishing process the titanium samples were characterized by Atomic Force Microscopy, profilometry (mechanical profilometer) and contact angle measurements. Preliminary results showed that the Ti nanostructured surfaces formation, strongly depends on the control of operating parameters.

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Lochynski, Pawel, Maciej Kowalski, Bogdan Szczygiel, and Krzysztof Kuczewski. "Improvement of the stainless steel electropolishing process by organic additives." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 18, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjct-2016-0074.

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Abstract The influence of organic additives on the process of surface electropolishing of AISI 304 type steel was determined. Additives were selected in initial potentiodynamic tests pursuant to the plateau analysis on the current/potential curves. The assessment of the operational effectiveness of additives consisted in determining the relationship between surface gloss after electropolishing and the mass loss of the sample and in determining surface roughness. The applied electropolishing bath consisted of a mixture of concentrated acids: H3PO4 and H2SO4, and the following organic additives were used: triethylamine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether and glycerol. The best electropolishing result, i.e. low roughness and high gloss of stainless steel surface with a relatively low mass loss of the sample at the same time were obtained for baths containing triethanolamine.

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Sutarno, Bambang Widyanto, E. P. Syuryana, Soleh Wahyudi, Fikri Septian Nurul Bayan, Camalia Bani Rachma, Gusti Verhan Pratama, Riskamti, and Ariq Akmal Muwaffaq. "Optimization of the Effect of Electropolishing's Current Density and Time on Roughness, Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance." Journal of Energy, Mechanical, Material, and Manufacturing Engineering 6, no. 3 (September 15, 2022): 197–208. https://doi.org/10.22219/jemmme.v6i3.19828.

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The surface roughness of medical, pharmaceutical, food, and beverage equipment in direct contact with materials and products plays an important role in product quality, hygiene, equipment corrosion, and ease of cleaning. The high surface roughness is feared as a place for the accumulation of process residues, products, and nesting of microbes such as pathogenic bacteria that degrade product quality. The purpose of this research is to investigate the parameters of the electropolishing process, namely the electric current density and the time of the electropolishing process. The electrolyte solution is a mixture of 35% sulfuric acid and 51% phosphoric acid with the electropolishing process temperature being maintained at 50°C, using stainless steel as cathode, and the material being processed is AISI 316L. Characterization of electropolishing results includes roughness, microstructure, and corrosion resistance.

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Liu, Zhong Yuan, J. Tan, and G. Wang. "Effect of Specimen Preparation Method on Transmission Electron Microscope Investigation in a Bulk Metallic Glass." Advanced Materials Research 774-776 (September 2013): 799–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.774-776.799.

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In this paper, high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) has been used to observe a Zr41.25Ti13.75Ni10Cu12.5Be22.5 (at. %) bulk metallic glass (BMG) prepared from different methods, i.e. ion milling and electropolishing. The ion thinning brings out the white bulb pattern on the specimen surface and induces localized temperature increasing. The electropolishing does not influence microstructure of the amorphous phase. A new preparation technique of grinding method is introduced. For BMG, the electropolishing and grinding are the better method for TEM specimen preparation as compared with the ion thinning.

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Xiao, Yong Yin, Xiu Hua Chen, Shao Yuan Li, Wen Hui Ma, Yu Ping Li, Jia Li He, Hui Zhang, and Jiao Li. "I-V Characterization Study of Porous Silicon Formation by Doubled-Cell Electrochemical Etching." Advanced Materials Research 898 (February 2014): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.898.119.

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The anodic current-potential behaviors of PS fabrication by doubled-cell electrochemical etching method have been studied. There are three reaction regions: porous silicon formation region, a transition region and electropolishing region in I-V curves. Polishing current and the HF acid concentration has a directly proportional relationship, the electropolishing current of silicon increased with the increase of the concentration of HF, in a certain concentration range. The electropolishing current of silicon increased with increasing the sweep rate on the condition of the same HF concentration.

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Hsu, Chuan Fu, Fuh Yu Chang, and Yu Xiang Huang. "Surface Machining of Stainless Steel Cardiovascular Stents by Fluid Abrasive Machining and Electropolishing." Key Engineering Materials 897 (August 17, 2021): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.897.3.

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The typical manufacturing process of tubular metallic cardiovascular stents includes laser cutting, sand blasting, acid pickling, electropolishing, surface passivation, and cleaning. The most commonly used material for cardiovascular stents is stainless steel, such as SUS 304 and SUS 316. After the laser cutting process, substantial improvement of the stent surface morphology is required to obtain acceptable surface roughness, edge roundness, and reduction of surface defects. This study focuses on a novel post-treatment method of fluid abrasive machining to replace the conventional sand blasting and acid pickling processes, resulting in the surface smoothness and edge roundness that are suitable for cardiovascular stent fabrication. The dross deposition and striations retained after laser cutting can be significantly removed with fluid abrasive machining. Both DC current and pulse current electropolishing techniques were performed to attain the final surface and structural quality after the fluid abrasive machining process. The experimental results show that an extremely fine surface roughness and a satisfactory edge roundness can be achieved for stents through both DC current and pulse current electropolishing. The pulse electropolishing process is more effective than the DC current electropolishing process to achieve edge roundness with less weight removal.

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Mašović, Robert, Suzana Jakovljević, Ivan Čular, Daniel Miler, and Dragan Žeželj. "Investigation of Effect of Surface Modification by Electropolishing on Tribological Behaviour of Worm Gear Pairs." Lubricants 12, no. 12 (November 24, 2024): 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants12120408.

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Electropolishing using a high-current density results in a pitting phenomenon, producing a surface texture distinguished by many pits. Apart from the change in surface topography, electropolishing forms an oxide surface layer characterized by beneficial tribological properties. This paper introduces surface texturing in worm gear pairs by electropolishing a 16MnCr5 steel worm surface. Electropolishing produces surface pits 1 μm to 5 μm deep and 20 to 100 μm in diameter. The material characterization of 16MnCr5 steel is compared against the electropolished 16MnCr5 steel based on microstructure, hardness, surface topography and chemical composition. Experimental tests with worm pairs employing electropolished worms are conducted, and the results are compared to conventional worm pairs with ground steel worms. Electropolished worms show up to 5.2% higher efficiency ratings than ground ones and contribute to better running-in of worm gear pairs. Moreover, electropolished worms can reliably support full contact patterns and prevent scuffing due to improved lubrication conditions resulting from the produced surface texture and oxide surface layer. Based on the obtained results, electropolishing presents a promising method for surface texturing and modification in machine elements characterized by highly loaded non-conformal contacts and complex geometry.

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Chen, Chun-Hao, Chia-Yu Lee, Ming-Der Ger, Shun-Yi Jian, Jung-Chou Hung, Po-Jen Yang, Chun-Hsiang Kao, Yi-Cherng Ferng, Ying-Sun Huang, and Kuo-Kuang Jen. "The Effect of Oxalic Acid as the Pre-Activator for the Electropolishing of Additive Manufactured Titanium-Based Materials and Its Characterization." Polymers 14, no. 19 (October 6, 2022): 4198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14194198.

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The use of additive manufactured (AM) titanium-based materials has increased substantially for medical implants and aerospace components. However, the inferior surface roughness of additive manufactured products affects the outward appearance and reduces performance. This study determines whether activation treatment prior to electropolishing produces a better surface. Oxalic acid (OA) is used as a pre-activator using different experimental conditions and the surface roughness is reduced by electropolishing with an electrolyte of perchloric acid and glacial acetic acid. The SEM surface morphology, mechanical properties, phase transformation and electrochemical properties are measured to determine the effect of different degrees of roughness on the surface. The results show that the surface roughness of AM titanium-based samples decreases from 8.47 µm to 1.09 µm after activation using OA as a pre-treatment for electropolishing. After electropolishing using optimal parameters, the hardness and resistance to corrosion resistance are increased.

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Suyitno and Ishak. "The Influence of Sandblasting and Electropolishing on the Surface Hardness of AISI 316L Stainless Steel." Advanced Materials Research 896 (February 2014): 517–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.896.517.

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The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of sandblasting and electropolishing on microstructure and hardness of stainless steel AISI 316L. The equipment used was sandblasting machine with a working pressure of 5-7 kg/cm2 with a duration of 10 minutes. The silica sand was used with size of 500-800 μm. The equipment used in the electropolishing process is the DC power supply with a maximum output of 2x100A. Anode and cathode material were stainless steel AISI 316L. Electrolyte solution consisted of 96% mass fraction of sulfuric acid and 85% mass fraction of phosphoric acid with a ratio of 1:1. The parameters used in the electropolish process were voltage of electrical, distance of electrodes and duration of electropolishing process. The results show that increasing the voltage, decreasing the distance, and increasing the duration of the electropolishing process increase the hardness up to 69%.

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Mohammadian, Turenne, and Brailovski. "Electropolishing of Laser Powder Bed-Fused IN625 Components in an Ionic Electrolyte." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 3, no. 4 (October 3, 2019): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp3040086.

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This work presents the first practical application of ionic electrolytes for electropolishing of nickel-based superalloys. It contains the results of an experiment-driven optimization of the applied potential and electrolyte temperature during electropolishing of laser powder bed-fused IN625 components containing surfaces oriented to the building platform under angles varying from 0 to 135°. For comparative purposes, the roughness profilometry and confocal microscopy techniques were used to characterize the surface finish topographies and the material removal rates of IN625 components subjected to electropolishing in ionic and acidic (reference) electrolytes. After 4 h of electropolishing in both electrolytes, a roughness of Ra ≤ 6.3 µm (ISO N9 grade number of roughness) was obtained for all the build orientations. To elaborate, both electrolytes manifested identical roughness evolutions with time on the 45°(75% Ra reduction) and 90°-oriented (65% Ra reduction) surfaces. Although the roughness reduction on the 135°-oriented surface in the ionic electrolyte was 17% less than in the acidic electrolyte, the former provided a more uniform roughness profile on the 0°-oriented surface (30% Ra reduction) and 44% higher current efficiency than the acidic electrolyte. This work proves that ionic electrolytes constitute a greener alternative to industrial acidic mixtures for electropolishing of three-dimensional (3D)-printed parts from nickel-based superalloys.

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Fujino, Tsuyoshi, Naoki Fukumuro, Vijay Chouhan, Muneaki Ida, Yoshiaki Ida, and Shinji Yae. "Outgassing properties of 304 stainless steel electropolished by wiping method." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B 40, no. 6 (December 2022): 064201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/6.0002070.

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Surface and outgassing properties of 304 stainless steel samples were studied after electropolishing by a wiping method (WiEP) using felt that is attached to a cathode electrode and impregnated with an electrolyte. Surface morphology observed with an atomic force microscope suggests that WiEP yields a smoother surface with fewer pits compared with the conventional electropolishing method of immersing the samples in an electrolyte. The thickness of the oxide layer after either of the electropolishing processes was 3–4 nm as estimated by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. Furthermore, no significant difference was found in the chemical state of the surface and oxide film in the two cases. Thermal desorption spectroscopy of the samples revealed that the amount of desorbed H2O and H2 was significantly low in the case of WiEP. The low outgassing was attributed to the formation of a smooth and dense oxide film on the sample surface after electropolishing by WiEP.

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Prihandana, Gunawan Setia, Tutik Sriani, Mohd Fadzil Jamaludin, Farazila Yusof, Budi Arifvianto, and Muslim Mahardika. "Parameters Optimization for Electropolishing Titanium by Using Taguchi-Based Pareto ANOVA." Metals 13, no. 2 (February 14, 2023): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13020392.

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Material removal rate in electropolishing is often overlooked because this process generally addressed for surface finish; however, it is paramount on metallic sheet machining possessed with intricate geometry. Electropolishing removes metallic material from the surface of a workpiece based on anodic dissolution process. The material removal rate depends on the current density, electrolyte, the strength of the magnetic field, polishing time and temperature. In this study, three factors of applied voltage, electrolyte composition and magnetic field were evaluated using Taguchi approach to improve the material removal rate in the electropolishing of a pure titanium (99.5%) workpiece. The experiments were undertaken as per Taguchi L9 (33) orthogonal array, and further analyzed using Pareto ANOVA to determine the most significant parameter. It was found that the optimum parametric combination to maximize the material removal rate were, applied voltage of 15 V, ethanol concentration of 20 vol.% and magnetic field of 0.51 T. The experimental results show that the responses in electropolishing process can be improved through this approach.

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Kołkowska, Agata, Joanna Michalska, Rafał Zieliński, and Wojciech Simka. "Electrochemical Polishing of Ti and Ti6Al4V Alloy in Non-Aqueous Solution of Sulfuric Acid." Materials 17, no. 12 (June 10, 2024): 2832. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17122832.

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This paper reports the results of our study on electrochemical polishing of titanium and a Ti-based alloy using non-aqueous electrolyte. It was shown that electropolishing ensured the removal of surface defects, thereby providing surface smoothing and decreasing surface roughness. The research was conducted using samples made of titanium and Ti6Al4V alloy, as well as implant system elements: implant analog, multiunit, and healing screw. Electropolishing was carried out under a constant voltage (10–15 V) with a specified current density. The electrolyte used contained methanol and sulfuric acid. The modified surface was subjected to a thorough analysis regarding its surface morphology, chemical composition, and physicochemical properties. Scanning electron microscope images and profilometer tests of roughness confirmed significantly smoother surfaces after electropolishing. The surface profile analysis of processed samples also yielded satisfactory results, showing less imperfections than before modification. The EDX spectra showed that electropolishing does not have significant influence on the chemical composition of the samples.

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Abouzeid, Fatma M., and Sultanah Alshammery. "Physico-Chemical Studies of Almond Shell Extracts Potential on the Electropolishing and Electrorefining of Copper." Asian Journal of Chemistry 33, no. 10 (2021): 2333–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2021.23298.

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Addition of almond shell extract to electrochemical process bath such as electropolishing and electrorefining of copper was investigated using potentiodynamic polarization and surface investigation. Addition of several concentrations of the extracts provide a sharp decline in electrorefining rate, but gave augmentation in electropolishing rate. Surfce investigation provided the confirmatory evidence of improved surface texture by almond shell extract addition to copper electropolishing and electrorefining electrolyte. Kinetic investigation and activated constraints were calculated for the electrochemical processes. A distinct improvement in the surface texture was observed where surface irregularity, roughness (Ra) diminishs from 0.95 to 0.43, 0.32, 0.22 and 0.06 μm in the presence of 25, 100, 150 and 200 ppm extract.

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Lebedeva, Olga, Dmitry Kultin, Alexandre Zakharov, and Leonid Kustov. "Advantages of Electrochemical Polishing of Metals and Alloys in Ionic Liquids." Metals 11, no. 6 (June 14, 2021): 959. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11060959.

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Electropolishing of metal surfaces is a benign alternative to mechanical treatment. Ionic liquids are considered as green electrolytes for the electropolishing of metals. They demonstrate a number of advantages in comparison with acid aqueous solutions and other methods of producing smooth or mirror-like surfaces that are required by diverse applications (medical instruments, special equipment, implants and prostheses, etc.). A wide window of electrochemical stability, recyclability, stability and tunability are just a few benefits provided by ionic liquids in the title application. An overview of the literature data on electropolishing of such metals as Ti, Ni, Pt, Cu, Al, U, Sn, Ag, Nb, stainless steel and other alloys in ionic liquids is presented.

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Setyawan, Martin Andre, Tutik Sriani, and Gunawan Setia Prihandana. "Design and Fabrication of Multi-Layered Microfilter by Electropolishing Technique." Applied Mechanics and Materials 842 (June 2016): 402–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.842.402.

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In this paper, we present electropolishing method to fabricate a thin-structural layer of microfilter which is used for filtering blood in hemodialysis system. The electropolishing method removes material based on electrolysis process, in which material removal is done through electrical current which trigger material removal by chemical reactions. The preliminary experiment shows that the SS 316L structural layer was able to be fabricated in less than 7 minutes, under machining parameter of 7 V of DC voltage, 2 cm gap between tool electrode and workpiece, and utilizing 15% of NaCl in pure water. This promising result has indicated that electropolishing could further be used as a method to make thin-structural layer of microfilter for hemodialysis system.

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Hwang, Hyun-Kyu, and Seong-Jong Kim. "Optimization of Electropolishing Process Using Taguchi Robust Design for UNS N08367 in a Mixed Solution of Sulfuric Acid and Phosphoric Acid." Coatings 13, no. 2 (January 30, 2023): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13020312.

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The purpose of this investigation was to determine the optimal conditions for UNS N08367 electropolishing using the Taguchi method. The investigated factors were the electrolyte composition ratio, applied current density, and electrolyte temperature. Each factor was tested at three levels. Electropolishing was optimized using analysis of variance (ANOVA), signal-to-noise ratio (the smaller the better the characteristics), and surface analysis. The ANOVA results showed that among the three factors, only the electrolyte composition ratio was effective in surface planarization. The optimal conditions for electropolishing determined according to the signal-to-noise ratio were a sulfuric acid-to-phosphoric acid ratio of 2:8, a current density of 400 mA/cm2, and an electrolyte temperature of 75 °C.

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47

Jones, Terry. "Electropolishing of precious metals." Metal Finishing 102, no. 7-8 (July 2004): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-0576(04)84698-1.

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48

Landolt, D. "Fundamental aspects of electropolishing." Electrochimica Acta 32, no. 1 (January 1987): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-4686(87)87001-9.

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Yuzhakov, Vadim V., Hsueh-Chia Chang, and Albert E. Miller. "Pattern formation during electropolishing." Physical Review B 56, no. 19 (November 15, 1997): 12608–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.56.12608.

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MOCHIZUKI, Yosuke, Kazuhiro MIYAGAWA, Naoko ARIIZUMI, and Masami SHIBATA. "Electropolishing Behavior of Au-Ag-Cu Alloy in Electropolishing Solutions Containing Thiourea." Journal of the Surface Finishing Society of Japan 65, no. 4 (2014): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4139/sfj.65.173.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Electropolishing'

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