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Journal articles on the topic 'Electroslag melt'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 28 May 2022
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Xue, Jing, Wenyun Wu, Jianbo Ma, and Haijun Huang. "Study on the fabrication of in-situ TiB2/Al composite by electroslag melting." Science and Engineering of Composite Materials 28, no. 1 (2021): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/secm-2021-0007.

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Abstract In-situ TiB2 particles can be synthesized via the salts-Al reaction by adding mixed K2TiF6 and KBF4 (Ti/B=1/2) salts into Al melt. In this research, a novel electroslag melting technology was proposed to synthesize TiB2 particles by the salts-Al reaction in order to reduce the reaction time period and purify the melt of composite. The effects of current of electroslag melting on the synthesis of TiB2 particles and mechanical properties of composite were investigated. The results showed that TiB2 particles could be in-situ synthesized by electroslag melting at 600 A for 15min. Compared
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2

Anikeev, V. V. "Electroslag heating and additional melt feed of steel ingots of semi-continuous casting." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 78, no. 12 (2023): 1049–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2022-12-1049-1053.

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The issues related to the continuous compensation of metal shrinkage during its crystallization are studied. Based on the evaluation of ways to reduce the size of the shrinkage shell, aimed at maintaining the liquid phase for a long time, the most effective ways to reduce the size of the shrinkage shell and reduce the head trim are selected. The influence of electroslag heating and recharge technology on the length of the shrinkage shell and the quality of the metal of the sub-shrinkage area of semi-continuously cast ingots has been studied. The study was carried out on ingots with a diameter
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3

Liu, Shuang, Zhu He, Cai Hui, Qiang Wang, and Baokuan Li. "Numerical simulation of the formation and the dripping of droplet in the Electroslag Remelting process." Thermal Science 21, no. 3 (2017): 1241–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci141117070l.

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Based on the magnetohydrodynamic module of the commercial computational fluid dynamics software FLUENT, a 3-D mathematical model was developed to describe the multi-field coupling phenomenon in the electroslag remelting process. The model predicted value is in good agreement with the experimental measurements. The simulation results show that, during the melt dripping process, the resistance of the electroslag remelting system is decreasing while the current density and velocity, as well as the temperature are increasing gradually. The maximum value of current density, electromagnetic force, a
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4

Tong, Wenjie, Wanming Li, Ximin Zang, Huabing Li, Zhouhua Jiang, and Dejun Li. "A Comprehensive Mathematical Model of Electroslag Remelting with Two Series-Connected Electrodes Based on Sequential Coupling Simulation Method." Metals 10, no. 5 (2020): 658. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10050658.

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A comprehensive mathematical model of electroslag remelting with two series-connected electrodes (TSCE-ESR) was constructed based on sequential coupling method. The influence of droplet effect on electroslag remelting process (ESR) was considered in this model. Compared with one-electrode electroslag remelting (OE-ESR), the multi-physics field, droplet formation and dripping behavior, and molten metal pool structure of TSCE-ESR process were studied. The results show that during the process of TSCE-ESR, the proximity effect of the electrodes suppresses the skin effect, and Joule heat is concent
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5

Ju, Jian-Tao, Kun He, Wen-Ke Guo, Xiao-Mei He, and Yuan Zhou. "Effect of TiO2 on electrical conductivity, viscosity, and melt structure of electroslag remelting slag." Metallurgical Research & Technology 121, no. 4 (2024): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2024054.

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Electrical conductivity and viscosity of electroslag being crucial parameters. Using a high-temperature physical property measuring instrument, the effects of different TiO2 concentration and temperatures on electroslag conductivity and viscosity were investigated. With an increase from 1733 K to 1823 K resulting in elevated electrical conductivity (1.04 to 1.89 S · cm−1) and reduced viscosity (0.14 to 0.09 Pa · s). This is because the higher the temperature is, the more the polymer in the slag is depolymerized. Similarly, as TiO2 content increased from 7% to 16%, the electrical conductivity i
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6

Fedyaev, Vladimir, Petr Osipov, Alexey Belyaev, and Liliya Sirotkina. "Electro-slag heating of parts surfaces by welding of protective coatings by the method of immersion." MATEC Web of Conferences 298 (2019): 00145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929800145.

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One of the effective methods of surfacing protective coatings on large areas, as well as the formation of permanent joints is the method of immersion (dipping) of parts into the melt. In order to increase the productivity of this method, the quality of surfacing is proposed to heat the work surfaces of the parts with an electroslag method. The rational regimes for its realization are determined by calculation. A mathematical model is proposed for heating the contacting layers of a solid body, slag and melt, taking into account the Joule heat released during the passage of an electric current.
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7

Karimov, Kamolkhon, Nodir Turakhodjaev, Azamat Akhmedov, and Shukhrat Chorshanbiev. "Mathematical model for producing machine parts." E3S Web of Conferences 264 (2021): 04078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126404078.

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In the article, the object of research is the development of a technology for improving the operational properties of cast parts from steel 45, obtained by the method of electroslag remelting. Based on the research results, the modes of heat treatment of the shaft-gear part in an aqueous medium water-oil, heat treatment to increase the service life of the product, and energy-saving melting technology by the method of electroslag remelting were developed. Particular attention is paid to the development and analytical implementation of the mathematical model of the developed technologies by the
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8

Selivorstov, V., T. Selivorstova, K. Zelenskyi та L. Ivanova. "Calculation of the sizes of the overflow part of ingots from steels 40ХЛ and Х12МЛ at application of gas-dynamic influence and electroslag heating". System technologies 3, № 140 (2022): 87–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.34185/1562-9945-3-140-2022-09.

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The results of analytical research on the use of methods for calculating the size of inflows of cylindrical casts from steels 40ХЛ and Х12МЛ weighing 200 - 16000 kg and a diameter of 0.25 - 0.7 m, hardening in metal form (mold) in electroslag heating of the melt and creating atmospheric gas pressure in the overflow part. Schemes of construction of the corresponding device and realization of technology are resulted. The use of the refrigerator design in the form of a metal housing with an insert of refractory material, graphite electrodes and a flux insert, which works on the principle of float
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9

Kuzmichev, Evgenii N., Pavel V. Igumnov, Vladimir Kancherovich Khe, and Andrei E. Skiruta. "Investigation of Influence of Magneto-Hydrodynamic Processes on Structure Formation and Alloying of Steels by Electroslag Remelting." Materials Science Forum 1037 (July 6, 2021): 264–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1037.264.

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This article discusses the issue of increasing the efficiency of alloying low-carbon steel during electroslag remelting with fluxes obtained on the basis of multicomponent mineral raw materials. The process of transition of an alloying element, from molten slag to metal, was investigated in various operating modes of the slag system, where the system itself experienced various degrees of hydrodynamic impact. A model is proposed and described, showing the uneven distribution of the alloying element in the metal melt. The composition and structure of the obtained alloys are investigated.
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10

K.M Kelkar, J. Mok, S. V. Patankar, and A. Mitchell. "Computational modeling of electroslag remelting processes." Journal de Physique IV 120 (December 2004): 421–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:2004120048.

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Alloys used for the production of rotating components in aeroengines and land-based turbines are subject to stringent requirements to ensure absence of melt-related defects such as inclusions and segregation. Accordingly, the production of the superalloys alloys used in these applications involves multiple remelting stages, each of which plays a distinct role in ensuring that the final ingot is defect-free. Because of the complexity of these processes, high-temperature environments, and high initial and operating costs, trial-and-error based approaches for process design are inadequate. Comput
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11

Li, Wanzhou, Weiyu Wang, Yuechen Hu, and Yixing Chen. "The Estimation and Control of the Electroslag Remelting Melt Rate by Mechanism-Based Modeling." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B 43, no. 2 (2011): 276–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11663-011-9606-2.

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12

Karimi-Sibaki, E., A. Kharicha, A. Vakhrushev, M. Wu, A. Ludwig, and J. Bohacek. "Investigation of effect of electrode polarity on electrochemistry and magnetohydrodynamics using tertiary current distribution in electroslag remelting process." Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 28, no. 12 (2021): 1551–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42243-021-00686-z.

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AbstractTransport phenomena including the electromagnetic, concentration of ions, flow, and thermal fields in the electroslag remelting (ESR) process made of slag, electrode, air, mold, and melt pool are computed considering tertiary current distribution. Nernst–Planck equations are solved in the bulk of slag, and faradaic reactions are regarded at the metal–slag interface. Aiming at exploring electrochemical effects on the behavior of the ESR process, the calculated field structures are compared with those obtained using the classical ohmic approach, namely, primary current distribution where
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13

Gornostaev, G. F., and G. A. Frolov. "Melt-Level Sensor and Its Application to Investigation of Radiant Heat Exchange in an Electroslag-Remelting Unit." Journal of Engineering Physics and Thermophysics 78, no. 4 (2005): 677–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10891-005-0113-7.

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14

Tong, Wenjie, Wanming Li, Ximin Zang, Huabing Li, Zhouhua Jiang, and Yu Han. "Droplet Formation and Dripping Behavior during the Electroslag Remelting Process with Two Series-Connected Electrodes." Metals 10, no. 3 (2020): 386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10030386.

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The formation and dripping behavior of droplets in the process of the electroslag remelting with two series-connected electrodes (TSCE-ESR) has an important influence on the optimization of power supply parameters and the purity of the electroslag ingot. In this article, through numerical simulation based on the VOF (volume of fluid) model, combined with the transparent experimental device for physical simulation, the mechanism of metal droplet formation and the effect of the filling rate on its droplet behavior were studied. The results showed that the proximity effect, instead of the skin ef
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15

He, Bao, Jing Li, Cheng-bin Shi, and Hao Wang. "Effect of Mg addition on carbides in H13 steel during electroslag remelting process." Metallurgical Research & Technology 115, no. 5 (2018): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2018071.

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The effect of Mg on carbides precipitation in H13 steel was studied based on the Thermo-Calc thermodynamic calculation. The results showed that the precipitation temperature of MC phase was significantly improved by adding Mg. The Mg addition had no effect on the type of precipitated carbides. The as-cast microstructure and the characteristic of carbides in Mg-containing H13 steel were analyzed by OM and SEM-EDS. The results showed that the segregation of as-cast microstructure was released and the size of carbides was reduced by increasing Mg. The distribution of carbides was more homogeneous
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16

Chen, Xu, Zhouhua Jiang, Fubin Liu, Jia Yu, and Kui Chen. "Effect of Melt Rate on Surface Quality and Solidification Structure of Mn18Cr18N Hollow Ingot during Electroslag Remelting Process." steel research international 88, no. 2 (2016): 1600186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/srin.201600186.

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17

Huang, Xuechi, Yiru Duan, Zhongqiu Liu, Baokuan Li, and Fang Wang. "Role of Electrode Rotation on Improvement of Metal Pool Profile in Electroslag Remelting Process." Metals 11, no. 11 (2021): 1675. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11111675.

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A comprehensive transient model is developed to study the effect of electrode rotation on the evolution of metal pool profiles and the solidification quality of ESR ingots. Magnetohydrodynamic flow, heat transfer, solidification, and electrode melting are considered simultaneously in the model. The growth of the ESR ingot is predicted using the dynamic layering method. The numerical results show that the productivity reaches a maximum of 15.97% at the rotating speed of 40 rpm without increasing power. With the increasing rotating speed, the maximum temperature of the melt decreases, and the te
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18

Karimi-Sibaki, Ebrahim, Abdellah Kharicha, J. Korp, Meng Huai Wu, and Andreas Ludwig. "Influence of Crystal Morphological Parameters on the Solidification of ESR Ingot." Materials Science Forum 790-791 (May 2014): 396–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.790-791.396.

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Electroslag remelting (ESR) is an advanced process to produce high quality steel. During the ESR process, the steel electrode is melted and then solidified directionally in a water-cooled mold. The quality of the ingot is strongly dependent on the shape of melt pool, i.e. the depth and thickness of mushy zone, which is in turn influenced by the bulk and interdendritic flow. Here, we perform a numerical study to investigate the effect of crystal morphological parameter such as primary dendrite arm spacing on the solidification of the ESR ingot ( 750 mm). The crystal morphology is dominantly col
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19

Liu, Yu, Zhao Zhang, Guangqiang Li, Yang Wu, Xijie Wang, and Baokuan Li. "Effect of SiO2 containing slag for electroslag remelting on inclusion modification of 42CrMo steel." Metallurgical Research & Technology 116, no. 6 (2019): 627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2019063.

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Five heats were carried out to study the effects of SiO2 containing slag for electroslag remelting (ESR) on inclusion characteristics of 42CrMo steel. Fluoride vaporization at elevated temperature from slags was also explored by thermogravimetric analysis. The results show that fluoride vaporization is dominated by slag viscosity and component activities in the melt. Slag composition has an important effect on the composition of the oxide inclusion. For 70 wt% CaF2–30 wt% Al2O3 slag, the compositions of oxide inclusions in remelted steel show no obvious differences compared with the virgin ste
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20

Chumanov, I. V., I. M. Yachikov, M. I. Yachikov, М. А. Matveeva, and D. V. Sergeev. "INFLUENCE OF THE CONSUMABLE ELECTRODE ROTATION DURING ELECTROSLAG REMELTING ON HYDRODYNAMICS OF A SLAG BATH." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Matematika i mekhanika, no. 73 (2021): 121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/19988621/73/11.

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Slag melt is a current-carrying medium with intense currents induced by gravitational and electromagnetic forces. The remelted electrode rotation leads to a change in hydrodynamic processes proceeding in a slag bath of the ESR installation and associated primarily with the occurrence of a centrifugal force. The flow pattern, which is developed in the slag bath under this force action, is different from that developed at a stationary consumable electrode. A mathematical model is proposed to assess the impact of consumable electrode rotation on hydrodynamics in a slag bath during electroslag mel
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21

Saraev, Yu N., V. Р. Bezborodov, М. V. Perovskaya, and V. М. Semenchuk. "Modification of steel surface layer by electroslag surfacing using compounds with high melting point." Izvestiya. Ferrous Metallurgy 64, no. 9 (2021): 679–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0368-0797-2021-9-679-684.

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The authors have studied the effect of alloying on the structure, microhardness and abrasive wear resistance of electroslag surfacing layers on low-alloy structural steel 09G2S. For modification, mixtures of Si3 N4 + FeSi2 + Si powders obtained in the Department of Structural Macrokinetics of the Tomsk Scientific Centre SB RAS by the method of SHS synthesis, as well as powder compositions based on TiC, were used. A molten electrode was made of low-alloy steel St3, on which modifying compositions Si3 N4 + FeSi2 + Si were poured out, in the first case, and modifying compositions Si3 N4 + FeSi2 +
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22

Gao, Jinguo, Shulei Yang, Peng Zhao, et al. "Optimization of Process Parameters for ESR Waspaloy Superalloy by Numerical Simulation." Materials 15, no. 21 (2022): 7483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15217483.

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A transient numerical simulation method is used to investigate the temperature field, velocity field, and solidified field of large-size Waspaloy superalloy during the electroslag remelting (ESR) process. The effects of melting rate, filling rate, and thickness of the slag layer on the molten pool shape and dendrite arm spacing evolution have been discussed. The temperature in the slag pool is high and relatively uniformly distributed, the temperature range is 1690–1830 K. The highest temperature of the melt pool appears in the center of the slag–metal interface, 1686 K. There are two pairs of
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23

Demidov, A. I., A. V. Kalmykov, I. A. Matveev, and V. K. Shevchuk. "Pyrometallurgical processing of deactivated nickel catalysts on Al2O3 carrier." Izvestiya Vuzov. Tsvetnaya Metallurgiya (Universities' Proceedings Non-Ferrous Metallurgy) 28, no. 6 (2022): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/0021-3438-2022-6-4-11.

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The paper considers the use of deactivated nickel-containing catalysts based on Al2O3 as a significant raw material resource of one of the most important metals. The research highlights the features of this secondary nickel source that determine the acceptable methods of processing such raw materials. The effect of fluxing additives on the properties of the melt containing catalysts prepared beforehand has been studied subject to limitations as to their list (lime, fluorspar) in order to implement a pyrometallurgical method of metal extraction featuring by a relatively small amount of additive
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24

Williamson, Rodney L., and Joseph J. Beaman. "Modern Control Theory Applied to Remelting of Superalloys." Materials Science Forum 706-709 (January 2012): 2484–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.706-709.2484.

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Over the past several years we have worked to develop tools to improve the quality of superalloy ingots produced by vacuum arc remelting (VAR) and electroslag remelting (ESR). Part of this work has focused on developing model-based process controllers that employ predictive, dynamic, low-order electrode melting and ingot solidification models to estimate important process variables. These estimated variables (some of which are not subject to measurement) are used for feedback and to evaluate the health of the processes. Modern controllers are capable of detecting and flagging various process u
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25

Polishko, Serhii. "Deoxidation and modification of steels with reduced silicon content." Technology audit and production reserves 2, no. 1(64) (2022): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2022.256751.

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The object of research is the processes that affect the mechanical characteristics of steels after the treatment of melts with silicon-free complex master alloys according to existing technologies. One of the most problematic places is the negative effect of silicon on the weldability of low-alloy steel, sharply increasing the heterogeneity of welds in sulfur and phosphorus and increasing their susceptibility to hot cracks. The cyclic strength of welded joints decreases markedly with an increase in the silicon concentration of steel. Also in this case, there is a threat of the formation of sil
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26

Serhii, Polishko. "Deoxidation and modification of steels with reduced silicon content." Technology audit and production reserves 2, no. 1(64) (2022): 24–27. https://doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2022.256751.

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<em>The object of research is the processes that affect the mechanical characteristics of steels after the treatment of melts with silicon-free complex master alloys according to existing technologies.</em>&nbsp;<em>One of the most problematic places is the negative effect of silicon on the weldability of low-alloy steel, sharply increasing the heterogeneity of welds in sulfur and phosphorus and increasing their susceptibility to hot cracks. The cyclic strength of welded joints decreases markedly with an increase in the silicon concentration of steel. Also in this case, there is a threat of th
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27

Wang, Fang, Boyang Sun, Zhongqiu Liu, Baokuan Li, Shuo Huang, and Beijiang Zhang. "Numerical Simulation on Motion Behavior of Inclusions in the Lab-Scale Electroslag Remelting Process with a Vibrating Electrode." Metals 11, no. 11 (2021): 1784. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11111784.

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In order to meet the requirement of high-quality ingots, the vibrating electrode technique in the electroslag remelting (ESR) process has been proposed. Non-metallic inclusions in ingots may cause serious defects and deteriorate mechanical properties of final products. Moreover, the dimension, number and distribution of non-metallic inclusions should be strictly controlled during the ESR process in order to produce high-quality ingots. A transient 2-D coupled model is established to analyze the motion behavior of inclusions in the lab-scale ESR process with a vibrating electrode, especially un
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28

Butman, Boris S. "Soviet Shipbuilding: Productivity improvement Efforts." Journal of Ship Production 2, no. 04 (1986): 225–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.1986.2.4.225.

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Constant demand for new naval and commercial vessels has created special conditions for the Government-owned Soviet shipbuilding industry, which practically has not been affected by the world shipbuilding crisis. On the other hand, such chronic diseases of the centralized economy as lack of incentive, material shortage and poor workmanship cause specific problems for ship construction. Being technically and financially unable to rapidly improve the overall technology level and performance of the entire industry, the Soviets concentrate their efforts on certain important areas and have achieved
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29

Ahn, Seokyoung, Joseph J. Beaman, Rodney L. Williamson, and David K. Melgaard. "Model-Based Control of Electroslag Remelting Process Using Unscented Kalman Filter." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 132, no. 1 (2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4000660.

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Electroslag remelting (ESR) is used widely throughout the specialty metals industry. The process generally consists of a regularly shaped electrode, wherein a small amount is immersed in liquid slag at a temperature higher than the melting temperature of the electrode. Melting droplets from the electrode fall through the lower density slag into a liquid pool constrained by a crucible and solidify into an ingot. High quality ingots require that electrode melt rate and immersion depth be controlled at all times during the process. This can be difficult when process conditions are such that the t
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30

Lu, Suling, Lidan Lv, Yiwei Cui, et al. "Simulation study of thermal transfer characteristics in the twin-electrode electroslag remelting process based on ProCAST." Ironmaking & Steelmaking: Processes, Products and Applications, July 8, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1177/03019233251357113.

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The twin-electrode electroslag remelting (TE-ESR) process is widely used in the production of high-value-added alloys. The process is conducted in an enclosed environment comprising a crystalliser, a bottom water tank, furnace slag, and electrodes. In this study, the ProCAST simulation software was used to establish a three-dimensional temperature field for the entire TE-ESR process of M42 high-speed ingot with a diameter of 360 mm. The model employs the mixed Lagrangian–Eulerian algorithm to simulate the continuous growth of remelted ingots and simulates the pouring of molten droplets by sett
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31

"Numerical and experimental study of electrovortex flow and temperature field in liquid metal with bifilar power supply." Magnetohydrodynamics 58, no. 1-2 (2022): 65–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/mhd.58.1-2.7.

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Controlling of electrovortex flows of liquid metal in a confined vessel is an essential feature of electrometallurgical technologies and aggregates, such as stirring, welding, electroslag remelting, electrical arc furnaces, etc. In the present study, the numerical model developed by the authors in previous studies has been improved to compute turbulent velocity and temperature fields for electrovortex flows of liquid metal in an experimental setup with the bifilar direct current supply over two fully submerged electrodes. Melt velocity and temperature fields were measured by applying a thermal
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32

Guo, Yifeng, Zhibin Xia, Zhe Shen, et al. "Effects of Axial Static Magnetic Field on Inclusions Removal in the Liquid Melt Film During Electroslag Remelting Process." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B, November 4, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11663-020-02012-6.

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33

Kumar, Deepoo, Akhil Deshmukh, Amit Joshi, N. B. Ballal, and Somnath Basu. "Chromium Alloying in Steel during Electroslag Refining by Cr2O3 Addition to Slag." steel research international, May 23, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202400979.

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The electroslag refining (ESR) process is used to produce high‐quality alloys for critical applications. Chemical reactions between steel and slag during ESR have been studied experimentally and with the help of kinetic models. However, there is limited work on alloying during the ESR process. This work reports chromium alloying of mild steel during the ESR process. Chromium alloying in mild steel, up to 2.1 wt%, is achieved by adding Cr2O3 to the slag using different means under laboratory conditions. The mechanism of Cr2O3 reduction and loss of aluminum during ESR are studied with the help o
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34

Ju, Jiantao, Kun He, Guoxing Qiu, and Yuan Zhou. "Effect of CaO/Al2O3 on electrical conductivity, viscosity and structure of electroslag remelting-type TiO2-bearing slag." Ironmaking & Steelmaking: Processes, Products and Applications, March 15, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03019233241238580.

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The composition of electroslag has a great influence on the remelting behaviour, and the electrical conductivity and viscosity of slag directly affect the energy consumption and the surface quality of the alloy. The electrical conductivity and viscosity of CaF2–CaO–Al2O3–SiO2–MgO–TiO2 slag system with different CaO/Al2O3 (0.9–1.8) were measured by a high-temperature physical property measuring instrument, and the structure of the slag was analysed by FTIR and Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that the electrical conductivity increased from 0.027 to 0.071 S · cm−1 and viscosity decreased f
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35

Li, Shixiong, Shiyan Jiao, Yi Min, Chengjun Liu, Bingqiang Li, and Jian Huang. "Effect of MgO addition on the structural behaviour of ions in CaF 2 –Al 2 O 3 -based electroslag systems." Ironmaking & Steelmaking: Processes, Products and Applications, June 22, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1177/03019233251352016.

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Molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to elucidate the effects of MgO/Al 2 O 3 and MgO/CaF 2 ratio variations on the structure and viscosity of CaF 2 −Al 2 O 3 −MgO melts. Results indicate that in basic environments, Al 3+ acts as a network former, strongly bonding with O 2− ions and predominantly existing in aluminum−oxygen tetrahedral configurations. Increasing the MgO/Al 2 O 3 ratio promotes the substitution of F − by O 2− in [AlO 3 F] 4− units, fostering the formation of non-bridging oxygen structures. This leads to a decrease in highly polymerised Q 4 and Q 5 units, causing networ
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