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Journal articles on the topic 'Electrospray ionization, mass spectrometry, ESI-MS'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Zhao, Wen Jie, Liu Yang, and Kui Lu. "Identification of Self-Assembly Products of L-Valine Mediated by Phosphorus Trichloride by ESI Mass Spcetrometry." Advanced Materials Research 365 (October 2011): 263–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.365.263.

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With the assistance of phosphorus trichloride, L-Valine (L-Val) was assembled into homopeptides and homocyclopeptides which were analyzed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). On quenching with water or various alcohols, the reaction mixtures yielded the corresponding peptides or peptide esters and cyclopeptides, respectively. The formation of the products was proved by multistage electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS).

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2

Zhu, Guijie, Liangliang Sun, and Norman J. Dovichi. "Dynamic pH junction preconcentration in capillary electrophoresis- electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry for proteomics analysis." Analyst 141, no. 18 (2016): 5216–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6an01140c.

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Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE)-electrospray ionization (ESI)-mass spectrometry (MS) is an interesting complimentary technique to reversed phase liquid chromatography (RPLC)-ESI-MS for proteomics research.

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3

Maldini, Mariateresa, Paola Montoro, Sonia Piacente, and Cosimo Pizza. "ESI-MS, ESI-MS/MS Fingerprint and LC-ESI-MS Analysis of Proathocyanidins from Bursera simaruba Sarg Bark." Natural Product Communications 4, no. 12 (December 2009): 1934578X0900401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0900401212.

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Direct flow injection/electrospray ionization/ion trap tandem mass spectrometry was used to investigate the presence of proanthocyanidins (PAs) in the methanolic extract of B. simaruba bark. Additionally, an LC-ESI-MS qualitative study was performed by using a monolithic stationary phase. The fragmentation pattern obtained evidenced the presence in B. simaruba bark of PAs belonging to the series of polymers of epicatechin, along with their glycosilated derivatives.

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4

McComb, Mark E., Lynda J. Donald, and Hélène Perreault. "Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and on-line capillary zone electrophoresis - mass spectrometry for the characterization of citrate synthase." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 77, no. 11 (November 1, 1999): 1752–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v99-138.

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The enzyme citrate synthase from E. coli is a protein with a molecular weight (Mr) of 47 885 Da (wild type). This enzyme has been studied extensively, and its amino acid sequence has been characterized. This model protein has been used in this work for development and validation of methods involving capillary electrophoresis (CE) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The Mr determinations were conducted using sample infusion ESI-MS, and the tryptic digestion products of wild-type citrate synthase were characterized by on-line CE-ESI-MS coupled with a sheathless interface. On-line experiments were conducted on two different mass spectrometers, a Quattro-LC triple quadrupole instrument equipped with a Z-SprayTM source (Micromass), and a reflecting time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer built in-house in the Time-of-Flight Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Manitoba. This is the first article to be written on the interfacing of a Z-SprayTM source with CE. Unmodified fused silica capillaries gold-coated sheathless interfaces were used. The on-line CE separations yielded theoretical plate numbers greater than 104 on average. Selected ion electrophorograms (SIE) of the tryptic peptides recorded on the Quattro-LC displayed S/N ratios ranging from ca. 14 to 120 on raw data. These SIE enabled identification of each peptide. The use of reflecting time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) afforded mass resolution values of ca. 6000 (m/deltamFWHM), which enabled isotopic resolution of the peptide components. CE-ESI-MS and CE-ESI-TOFMS experiments enabled the generation of a complete tryptic map of citrate synthase.Key words: capillary electrophoresis, electrospray ionization, mass spectrometry, citrate synthase, tryptic digestion, triple quadrupole analyzer, time-of-flight analyzer.

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5

Fischer, Tobias S., Jan Steinkoenig, Hendrik Woehlk, James P. Blinco, Kathryn Fairfull-Smith, and Christopher Barner-Kowollik. "High resolution mass spectrometric access to nitroxide containing polymers." Polymer Chemistry 8, no. 35 (2017): 5269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7py01316g.

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We introduce a mass spectrometric access route to nitroxide containing polymers via high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR ESI MS), a polymer class that is – due to the presence of unpaired spins – highly challenging to analyze via NMR techniques.

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6

Maziarz III, E. Peter, Gary A. Baker, and Troy D. Wood. "Electrospray ionization Fourier transform mass spectrometry of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using silver(I)-mediated ionization." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 83, no. 11 (November 1, 2005): 1871–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v05-195.

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Here, a methodology employing doped Ag(I) salt as an in situ cationization reagent for efficient ionization of nonpolar molecules within a conventional electrospray ionization source is described. The effectiveness of Ag(I)-mediated ionization is demonstrated using ESI Fourier transform mass spectrometry for the rapid detection and identification of priority pollutant polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) species. In contrast to earlier coordination ESI-MS reports employing silver salts, argentated species are not typically observed for PAH species. Instead, oxidation of the PAH occurs to produce only the [PAH]+· odd-electron molecular parent ion, simplifying spectral analysis. In addition, the method demonstrates linear quantitative performance. The Ag(I) reagent provides quantifiable PAHs (not ordinarily amenable to ESI-MS) from 64 ppb, and suggests the immediate potential for sampling and on-line monitoring of complex, real world, and otherwise intractable environmental samples. Finally, the high mass accuracy of ESI Fourier transform mass spectrometry further allows unequivocal identification of molecular formulas within PAH mixtures.Key words: electrospray ionization, nonpolar, hydrocarbons, polyaromatic, Fourier transform mass spectrometry.

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7

Yang, Ben, Yun Jiang Feng, Hoan Vu, Brendan McCormick, Jessica Rowley, Liliana Pedro, Gregory J. Crowther, Wesley C. Van Voorhis, Paul I. Forster, and Ronald J. Quinn. "Bioaffinity Mass Spectrometry Screening." Journal of Biomolecular Screening 21, no. 2 (January 15, 2016): 194–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087057115622605.

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Electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI-FTICR-MS or ESI-FTMS) was used to screen 192 natural product extracts and a 659-member natural product-based fragment library for bindings to a potential malaria drug target, Plasmodium falciparum Rab11a ( PfRab11a, PF13_0119). One natural product extract and 11 fragments showed binding activity. A new natural product, arborside E, was identified from the active extract of Psydrax montigena as a weak binder. Its binding activity and inhibitory activity against PfRab11a were confirmed by ESI-FTMS titration experiments and an orthogonal enzyme assay.

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8

Prenni, Jessica E., Zhouxin Shen, Sunia Trauger, Wei Chen, and Gary Siuzdak. "Protein characterization using Liquid Chromatography Desorption Ionization on Silicon Mass Spectrometry (LC-DIOS-MS)." Spectroscopy 17, no. 4 (2003): 693–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2003/172838.

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This paper presents a novel combination of of-line liquid chromatography (LC) separation with desorption ionization on silicon mass spectrometry (DIOS-MS) as an alternative to the traditional on-line coupling of LC and electrospray ionization (ESI). In this work, electrospray deposition is used to generate a spatially preserved linear track of the separated sample on a specially designed DIOS chip. The total sequence coverage analysis of two model protein systems was evaluated by both LC-DIOS-MS and nanoLC ESI tandem MS (MS/MS). LC-DIOS-MS yielded improved sequence coverage for both of the model systems (between 99.5 and 100%) compared with traditional LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis (between 82 and 87.6%). In addition to improved sequence coverage determination, LC-DIOS-MS also offers the potential for high-throughput protein characterization.

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9

Zhou, Lvhan, Qian Zhang, Xiangchun Xu, Xinming Huo, Qian Zhou, Xiaohao Wang, and Quan Yu. "Fabricating an Electrospray Ionization Chip Based on Induced Polarization and Liquid Splitting." Micromachines 12, no. 9 (August 28, 2021): 1034. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12091034.

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The coupling of the microfluidic chip to mass spectrometry (MS) has attracted considerable attention in the area of chemical and biological analysis. The most commonly used ionization technique in the chip–MS system is electrospray ionization (ESI). Traditional chip-based ESI devices mainly employ direct electrical contact between the electrode and the spray solvent. In this study, a microchip ESI source based on a novel polarization-splitting approach was developed. Specifically, the droplet in the microchannel is first polarized by the electric field and then split into two sub-droplets. In this process, the charge generated by polarization is retained in the liquid, resulting in the generation of two charged droplets with opposite polarities. Finally, when these charged droplets reach the emitter, the electrospray process is initiated and both positive and negative ions are formed from the same solution. Preliminary experimental results indicate that the coupling of this polarization-splitting ESI (PS-ESI) chip with a mass spectrometer enables conventional ESI-MS analysis of various analytes.

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10

Avellone, Giuseppe, David Bongiorno, Silvestre Buscemi, Leopoldo Ceraulo, Serena Indelicato, Andrea Pace, Ivana Pibiri, and Nicolò Vivona. "Characterization of Isomeric 1,2,4-Oxadiazolyl-N-Methylpyridinium Salts by Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry." European Journal of Mass Spectrometry 13, no. 3 (June 2007): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1255/ejms.877.

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The mass spectrometric behavior of 1,2,4-oxadiazolyl- N-methylpyridinium salts has been investigated. These substances are of current interest as perspective ionic liquids, compounds used as green solvents for synthesis, and for their catalytic properties. The studies have been developed through electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) experiments. The obtained results demonstrate a ready distinction between the two isomeric classes, 3- N-methylpyridinium- and 5- N-methylpyridinium-1,2,4-oxadiazoles, is possible through ESI-MS/MS experiments. A deeper investigation on the principal fragmentation pathways of characteristic ions has been also developed.

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11

Zahran, Elsayed M., Ki-Jung Paeng, Ibrahim H. A. Badr, David Hume, Bert C. Lynn, R. Daniel Johnson, and Leonidas G. Bachas. "Correlating the potentiometric selectivity of cyclosporin-based electrodes with binding patterns obtained from electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry." Analyst 142, no. 17 (2017): 3241–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6an01252c.

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12

Ramírez, Claudia X., Diana Catalina Palacio Lozano, Hugh E. Jones, Rafael Cabanzo Hernández, Mark P. Barrow, and Enrique Mejia-Ospino. "The fingerprint of essential bio-oils by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry." Analyst 145, no. 9 (2020): 3414–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9an02492a.

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13

Yu, Yue, Ying Liu, Wentao Wang, Yanbo Jia, Guiping Zhao, Xinxiang Zhang, Hongxu Chen, and Yinglin Zhou. "Highly sensitive determination of aminoglycoside residues in food by sheathless CE-ESI-MS/MS." Analytical Methods 11, no. 39 (2019): 5064–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ay01728c.

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A highly sensitive sheathless capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry method and transient isotachophoresis was established for the determination of aminoglycoside antibiotics in milk.

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14

Xu, Xu, Guangyun He, Xiaoying Xu, Zhijun Wu, and Tian Cai. "Investigation of the electrochemical oxidation of 2,3′-bisindolylmethanes in positive-ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry." RSC Advances 9, no. 19 (2019): 10727–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra00348g.

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15

Sahota, Navneet, Deyaa I. AbuSalim, Melinda L. Wang, Christopher J. Brown, Zhicaho Zhang, Tarick J. El-Baba, Silas P. Cook, and David E. Clemmer. "A microdroplet-accelerated Biginelli reaction: mechanisms and separation of isomers using IMS-MS." Chemical Science 10, no. 18 (2019): 4822–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9sc00704k.

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Electrospray ionization (ESI) combined with ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) and mass spectrometry (MS) techniques is used to examine the Biginelli reaction in an ensemble of ions generated from droplets.

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16

Matecko, Irena, Norbert Müller, and Rita Grandori. "Analysis of Protein Folding Equilibria by Nano-Electrospray-Ionization Mass Spectrometry." Spectroscopy 16, no. 3-4 (2002): 361–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2002/930567.

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This paper summarizes recent findings from our group concerning applications of electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) to the study of protein folding. Nano-ESI-MS was employed for the investigation of protein conformational states under varying solvent conditions and at varying values of the instrumental parameters. The effect of trifluoroethanol (TFE) on a peptide and acid-unfolded cytochromec(cytc), monitored by circular dichroism (CD) and time-of-flight ESI-MS, illustrates the specificity of the latter technique for features of protein tertiary structure. Measurements on marginally stable protein states indicate that it is possible to identify operational conditions for nano-ESI-MS in which none of the instrumental parameters limits conformational stability in the protein sample. Results described here show that changes in the charge-state distributions (CSDs) under controlled conditions allow not only discriminating between native and denatured states, but also monitoring minor conformational changes, like the transition from molten globule to native state. These studies underscore the potential of mass spectrometry methods for the analysis of heterogeneous samples and, in particular, for the characterization of dynamic equilibria involving different conformational states.

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17

Jiang, Yun, Thomas A. Hall, Steven A. Hofstadler, and Robert K. Naviaux. "Mitochondrial DNA Mutation Detection by Electrospray Mass Spectrometry." Clinical Chemistry 53, no. 2 (February 1, 2007): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2006.074823.

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Abstract Background: Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations cause a large spectrum of clinically important neurodegenerative, neuromuscular, cardiovascular, and endocrine disorders. We describe the novel application of electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI-FTICR MS) to the rapid and accurate identification of pathogenic mtDNA variants. Methods: In a blinded study, we used ESI-FTICR MS to analyze 24 unrelated samples of total cellular DNA containing 12 mtDNA variants and compared the results with those obtained by conventional PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis and gel electrophoresis. Results: From the 24-sample blinded panel, we correctly identified 12 of the samples as bearing an mtDNA variant and found the remaining 12 samples to have no pathogenic variants. The correlation coefficient between the 2 methods for mtDNA variant detection was 1.0; there were no false positives or false negatives in this sample set. In addition, the ESI-FTICR method identified 4 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) that had previously been missed by standard PCR-RFLP analysis. Conclusions: ESI-FTICR MS is a rapid, sensitive, and accurate method for the identification and quantification of mtDNA mutations and SNPs.

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18

Janusson, Eric, G. Bryce McGarvey, Farhana Islam, Christine Rowan, and J. Scott McIndoe. "Selective mass spectrometric analysis of thiols using charge-tagged disulfides." Analyst 141, no. 19 (2016): 5520–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6an01210h.

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A simple chemical derivatization technique was developed for electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) in which thiols and disulfides may be selectively analyzed in a complex matrix and easily characterized.

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19

Ma, You-Ning, Wen-Jun Gui, and Guo-Nian Zhu. "The analysis of azocyclotin and cyhexatin residues in fruits using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry." Analytical Methods 7, no. 5 (2015): 2108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ay02624a.

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Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray positive ionization and tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI(+)-MS/MS) was applied for the quantification and identification of azocyclotin and cyhexatin in fruit samples.

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20

Przybylski, Cédric, Meriem Mokaddem, Mehdi Prull-Janssen, Els Saesen, Hugues Lortat-Jacob, Florence Gonnet, Anne Varenne, and Régis Daniel. "On-line capillary isoelectric focusing hyphenated to native electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for the characterization of interferon-γ and variants." Analyst 140, no. 2 (2015): 543–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4an01305k.

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The on-line hyphenation of Capillary IsoElectric Focusing (CIEF) with ElectroSpray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI/MS) has been carried out in a non-denaturing detection mode at the CIEF-MS interface.

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21

de Araújo, Giovanna L., Deborah V. A. de Aguiar, Igor Pereira, Lidya C. da Silva, Andréa R. Chaves, and Boniek G. Vaz. "Polypyrrole-coated needle as an electrospray emitter for ambient mass spectrometry." Analytical Methods 12, no. 25 (2020): 3235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ay00652a.

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A method employing a stainless steel needle coated with PPy film for analyte extraction and subsequent analysis by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) under ambient and open-air conditions are shown.

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22

Beck, Jennifer L. "Developments in Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry of Non-Covalent DNA–Ligand Complexes." Australian Journal of Chemistry 64, no. 6 (2011): 705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch11046.

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Many anti-cancer drugs function by binding non-covalently to double-stranded (ds) DNA. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) has emerged over the past decade as a sensitive technique for the determination of stoichiometries and relative binding affinities of DNA–ligand interactions. The chromosome contains nucleotide sequences, for example, guanosine-rich regions, that predispose them to the formation of higher order structures such as quadruplex DNA (qDNA). Sequences that form qDNA are found in the telomeres. The proposal that ligands that stabilize qDNA might interfere with the activity of telomerase in cancer cells has stimulated the search for ligands that are selective for qDNA over dsDNA. The insights gained from the development of ESI-MS methods for analysis of non-covalent dsDNA–ligand complexes are now being applied in the search for qDNA-selective ligands. ESI-MS is a useful first-pass screening technique for qDNA-binding ligands. This short review describes some experimental considerations for ESI-MS analysis of DNA–ligand complexes, briefly addresses the question of whether non-covalent DNA–ligand complexes are faithfully transferred from solution to the gas phase, discusses ion mobility mass spectrometry as a technique for probing this issue, and highlights some recent ESI-MS studies of qDNA-selective ligands.

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23

Otłowska, Olga, Marek Ślebioda, Mirosław Wachowiak, and Magdalena Śliwka-Kaszyńska. "Identification and characterization of the Indian Yellow dyestuff and its degradation products in historical oil paint tube by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry." RSC Advances 5, no. 60 (2015): 48786–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra06781b.

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24

Batta, Neelima, Nageswara Rao Pilli, Hima Bindu Vurimindi, and Rajendra Prasad Yejella. "A novel LC-ESI-MS/MS assay method for the determination of anagrelide in human plasma by using a solid phase extraction technique and its application to a pharmacokinetic study." Anal. Methods 6, no. 12 (2014): 4262–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ay00268g.

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A simple, rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) assay method has been developed and validated for the determination of anagrelide in human plasma samples.

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25

Wu, Huanming, and Keqi Tang. "Highly Sensitive and Robust Capillary Electrophoresis-Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry: Interfaces, Preconcentration Techniques and Applications." Reviews in Analytical Chemistry 39, no. 1 (August 11, 2020): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revac-2020-0112.

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AbstractCapillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) through electrospray ionization (ESI) is a promising alternative technique to liquid chromatography-ESI-MS (LC-ESI-MS) due to its high separation efficiency and high detection sensitivity. A sensitive and robust interface is essential in CE-ESI-MS. Continued development of CE-ESI-MS interfaces in the last decade, including junction-at-the-tip interfaces and sheathless interfaces, has improved the sensitivity and robustness of CE-ESI-MS significantly. The limited loading capacity of CE, one of major reasons that limits the utility of CE as a routine separation method, has also been addressed effectively by the use of in-capillary sample preconcentration techniques, such as transient CITP/CZE and dynamic pH junction. CE-ESI-MS could yield higher sensitivity as compared with the conventional LC-ESI-MS, and, therefore, is capable of identifying more proteins and peptides when the sample amount is very limited, such as single cell analysis. To improve the protein sequence coverage, CE-ESI-MS can also be used as a complementary technique to LC-ESI-MS, or combined with reversed phase LC to form a two dimensional separation technique. CE-ESI-MS is also effective in quantifying targeted peptides/proteins in complex bio-matrix.

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Andjelkovic, Darko, Ruzica Nikolic, Dejan Markovic, Tatjana Andjelkovic, Gordana Kocic, Zoran Todorovic, and Aleksandar Bojic. "Chromium interaction with O-donor humic-like ligands using electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 78, no. 1 (2013): 137–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc120320071a.

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The study of the interaction of chromium with O-donor humic-like ligands is performed by electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and ultraviolet/visible (UV/VIS) spectrophotometry. Heterogeneity of functional groups justifies the use of model compounds of humic substances. For studying the interaction of chromium with humic substances as model substances were used benzoic, salicylic, phthalic and citric acid, which include O-donor atoms, also present in heterogenous and polydispersed ligands, such humic and fulvic acids are. The intensity of the interaction is correlated with the acid-base and electron-donor properties, geometric and steric characteristics, and the number and the positions of O-donor atoms in the investigated ligands. UV/Vis data describing chromium interaction with humic-like ligands is placed in correlation with the ESI-MS data of the complexes, both in quantitative and in qualitative terms. UV/VIS spectroscopy and ESI-MS quantification showed a large difference in the informativeness of describing the interaction of chromium(III)-ligand, in favor of ESI-MS technique. ESI-MS technique can be used for quantitative analysis of the system Cr(III)-ligand. ESI-MS ion current chromatograms of 20 ?L loop injections of systems Cr(III)-ligand, indicate a stabile peak and signal integrity.

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Rovelli, Grazia, Michael I. Jacobs, Megan D. Willis, Rebecca J. Rapf, Alexander M. Prophet, and Kevin R. Wilson. "A critical analysis of electrospray techniques for the determination of accelerated rates and mechanisms of chemical reactions in droplets." Chemical Science 11, no. 48 (2020): 13026–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0sc04611f.

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The application of Electrospray and Electrosonic Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS and ESSI-MS) to study accelerated reaction kinetics in droplets is examined using numerical models, new experimental data, and prior literature.

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Islam, Syful, Md Badrul Alam, Hyeon-Jin Ann, Ji-Hyun Park, Sang-Han Lee, and Sunghwan Kim. "Metabolite Profiling of Manilkara zapota L. Leaves by High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Coupled with ESI and APCI and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity, α-Glucosidase, and Elastase Inhibition Assays." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 1 (December 24, 2020): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22010132.

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High-resolution mass spectrometry equipped with electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) sources was used to enhance the characterization of phytochemicals of ethanol extracts of Manilkara zapota L. leaves (ZLE). Sugar compounds, dicarboxylic acids, compounds of phenolic acids and flavonoids groups, and other phytochemicals were detected from the leaves. Antioxidant activity and inhibition potentiality of ZLE against α-glucosidase enzyme, and elastase enzyme activities were evaluated in in vitro analysis. ZLE significantly inhibited activities of α-glucosidase enzyme at a lower concentration (IC50 2.51 ± 0.15 µg/mL). Glucose uptake in C2C12 cells was significantly enhanced by 42.13 ± 0.15% following the treatment with ZLE at 30 µg/mL. It also exhibited potential antioxidant activities and elastase enzyme inhibition activity (IC50 27.51 ± 1.70 µg/mL). Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (APCI–MS) detected more m/z peaks than electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI–MS), and both ionization techniques illustrated the biological activities of the detected compounds more thoroughly compared to single-mode analysis. Our findings suggest that APCI along with ESI is a potential ionization technique for metabolite profiling, and ZLE has the potential in managing diabetes by inhibiting α-glucosidase activity and enhancing glucose uptake.

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Banerjee, Shibdas, and Shyamalava Mazumdar. "Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry: A Technique to Access the Information beyond the Molecular Weight of the Analyte." International Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2012 (2012): 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/282574.

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The Electrospray Ionization (ESI) is a soft ionization technique extensively used for production of gas phase ions (without fragmentation) of thermally labile large supramolecules. In the present review we have described the development of Electrospray Ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) during the last 25 years in the study of various properties of different types of biological molecules. There have been extensive studies on the mechanism of formation of charged gaseous species by the ESI. Several groups have investigated the origin and implications of the multiple charge states of proteins observed in the ESI-mass spectra of the proteins. The charged analytes produced by ESI can be fragmented by activating them in the gas-phase, and thus tandem mass spectrometry has been developed, which provides very important insights on the structural properties of the molecule. The review will highlight recent developments and emerging directions in this fascinating area of research.

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Hu, Yue-Qiao, Hong-Yan Hui, Hong-Qiang Wen, Yanyan Wang, Wei-Quan Lin, De-Suo Yang, and Guo-Dong Feng. "Tracking the dimensional conversion process of semiconducting lead bromide perovskites by mass spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, microcalorimetry and crystallography." Dalton Transactions 48, no. 34 (2019): 12888–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9dt02068c.

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A dimensional conversion process of semiconducting lead bromide perovskites is followed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), microcalorimetry and crystallography.

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Kaeslin, Jérôme. "The Gap Sampler: A Versatile Microfluidic Autosampler for Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry." CHIMIA International Journal for Chemistry 74, no. 4 (April 29, 2020): 220–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2020.220.

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Microfluidic autosamplers for electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) are of major importance when using ESI-MS as a high-throughput and low sample consumption analytical method. In this article, microfluidic ESI-MS autosampler designs are overviewed and a group-owned prototype is discussed. The socalled gap sampler is a pin-based sampler for miniaturized flow injection (FI) analysis. To date, it has been used in various applications. Following proof of concept applications with FI of small molecules, pin modifications were implemented for unspecific and specific extraction for the analysis of complex samples. Most recently, further optimization allowed the study of non-covalent protein-ligand interactions for bioaffinity screenings, which constitutes a major milestone in the development of this novel high-throughput autosampler.

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32

Hossain, Belal M., Douglas A. Simmons, and Lars Konermann. "Do electrospray mass spectra reflect the ligand binding state of proteins in solution?" Canadian Journal of Chemistry 83, no. 11 (November 1, 2005): 1953–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v05-194.

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Electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry (MS) has become a popular tool for monitoring ligandprotein and proteinprotein interactions. Due to the "gentle" nature of the ionization process, it is often possible to transfer weakly bound complexes into the gas phase, thus making them amenable to MS detection. One problem with this technique is the potential occurrence of fragmentation events during ESI. Also, some analytes tend to cluster together during ionization, thus forming nonspecific gas-phase assemblies that do not represent solution-phase complexes. In this work, we implemented a hydrogendeuterium exchange (HDX) approach that can reveal whether or not the free and (or) bound constituents of a complex observed in ESI-MS reflect the binding situation in solution. Proteins are subjected to ESI immediately following an isotopic labeling pulse; only ligand-free and ligand-bound protein ions that were formed directly from the corresponding solution-phase species showed different HDX levels. Using myoglobin as a model system, it is demonstrated that this approach can readily distinguish scenarios where the hemeprotein interactions were disrupted in solution from those where dissociation of the complex occurred in the gas phase. Experiments on cytochrome c strongly suggest that dimeric protein ions observed in ESI-MS reflect aggregates that were formed in solution.Key words: electrospray mass spectrometry, ligandprotein interaction, noncovalent complex, hydrogendeuterium exchange, protein folding.

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33

Postnikova, E., C. Baldwin, C. A. Whitehouse, A. Sechler, N. W. Schaad, R. Sampath, V. Harpin, et al. "Identification of Bacterial Plant Pathogens Using Multilocus Polymerase Chain Reaction/Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry." Phytopathology® 98, no. 11 (November 2008): 1156–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-98-11-1156.

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Polymerase chain reaction/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (PCR/ESI-MS, previously known as “TIGER”) utilizes PCR with broad-range primers to amplify products from a wide array of organisms within a taxonomic group, followed by analysis of PCR amplicons using mass spectrometry. Computer analysis of precise masses allows for calculations of base compositions for the broad-range PCR products, which can then be compared to a database for identification. PCR/ESI-MS has the benefits of PCR in sensitivity and high-throughput capacity, but also has the distinct advantage of being able to detect and identify organisms with no prior characterization or sequence data. Existing broad range PCR primers, designed with an emphasis on human pathogens, were tested for their ability to amplify DNA of well characterized phytobacterial strains, as well as to populate the existing PCR/ESI-MS bacterial database with base counts. In a blinded panel study, PCR/ESI-MS successfully identified 93% of unknown bacterial DNAs to the genus level and 73% to the species/subspecies level. Additionally, PCR/ESI-MS was capable of detecting and identifying multiple bacteria within the same sample. The sensitivity of PCR/ESI-MS was consistent with other PCR based assays, and the specificity varied depending on the bacterial species. Preliminary tests with real life samples demonstrate a high potential for using PCR/ESI-MS systems for agricultural diagnostic applications.

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Hu, Mingfeng, Wuying Chen, Yong Liu, Deyong Zhang, Ang Chen, Jianyu Liu, Xiangwen Luo, and Qingping Yan. "Determination of herbicide pyraclonil residue in rice, soil and water using high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry." Analytical Methods 9, no. 33 (2017): 4790–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ay01483j.

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A quick, reliable and sensitive analytical method for the confirmation and quantification of pyraclonil was developed using high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) with an electrospray ionization source (ESI) in positive mode.

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35

Baksi, Ananya, Papri Chakraborty, Shridevi Bhat, Ganapati Natarajan, and Thalappil Pradeep. "[Au25(SR)18]22−: a noble metal cluster dimer in the gas phase." Chemical Communications 52, no. 54 (2016): 8397–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cc03202h.

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36

Liebisch, Gerhard, Wolfgang Drobnik, Bernd Lieser, and Gerd Schmitz. "High-Throughput Quantification of Lysophosphatidylcholine by Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry." Clinical Chemistry 48, no. 12 (December 1, 2002): 2217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/48.12.2217.

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Abstract Background: Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) has been suggested to play a functional role in various diseases, including atherosclerosis, diabetes, and cancer mediated by LPC-specific G-protein-coupled receptors. Initial studies provided evidence for a potential use of LPC as diagnostic maker. However, existing methodologies are of limited value for a systematic evaluation of LPC species concentrations because of complicated, time-consuming procedures. We describe a methodology based on electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) applicable for high-throughput LPC quantification. Methods: Crude lipid extracts of EDTA-plasma samples were used for direct flow injection analysis. LPC 13:0 and LPC 19:0 were added as internal standards, and the ESI-MS/MS was operated in the parent-scan mode for m/z 184. Quantification was achieved by standard addition. Data processing was highly automated by use of the mass spectrometer software and self-programmed Excel macros. Results: The calibrators LPC 16:0, LPC 18:0, and LPC 22:0 showed a linear response independent of sample dilution and plasma cholesterol concentration for both internal standards. The within-run imprecision (CV) was 3% for the major and 12% for the minor species, whereas the total imprecision was ∼12% for the major and 25% for the minor species. The detection limit was <1 μmol/L. Conclusion: The developed ESI-MS/MS methodology with an analysis time of 2 min/sample, simple sample preparation, and automated data analysis allows high-throughput quantification of distinct LPC species from plasma samples, which could be a valuable tool for the evaluation of LPC as diagnostic marker.

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Lu, Shaoyou, Shihan Gong, Shengtao Ma, Xiangying Zeng, Zhiqiang Yu, Guoying Sheng, and Jiamo Fu. "Determination of parabens in human urine by liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry." Anal. Methods 6, no. 15 (2014): 5566–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3ay42063a.

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A simple and sensitive method was developed for the simultaneous determination of methyl, ethyl,n-propyl,n-butyl, and benzyl parabens in human urine by liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS).

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Zhang, Ruixing, Xiaoyu Zhuang, Shu Liu, Fengrui Song, and Zhiqiang Liu. "Novel electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry strategy for monitoring mercury(ii) ion based on the competing system of mercury specific DNA and glutathione to mercury(ii) ion." Anal. Methods 6, no. 15 (2014): 5746–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ay00771a.

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An electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) strategy was developed for the detection of mercury ion with high sensitivity and selectivity based on a competition system of glutathione and mercury specific DNA to mercury ion.

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Kelley, Morgan P., Austen Davis, Brian Clowers, Aurora E. Clark, and Sue B. Clark. "Acceleration of metal–ligand complexation kinetics by electrospray ionization." Analyst 142, no. 23 (2017): 4468–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7an01142c.

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Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) is demonstrated to significantly accelerate the kinetics of metal–ligand complexation, with the formation rate constant increasing by more than an order of magnitude over previously determined solution-phase values.

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Du, Qiuling, Jiewei Deng, Yahong Liu, Xiongwei Zhang, Yunyun Yang, and Jianxin Chen. "Rapid assessment of the quality of Qingkailing products using wooden-tip electrospray ionization mass spectrometry combined with multivariate statistical analysis." Analytical Methods 7, no. 11 (2015): 4803–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ay00448a.

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This study demonstrates the application of wooden-tip electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (wooden-tip ESI-MS) combined with multivariate statistical analysis for achieving a rapid quality assessment of Qingkailing products.

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41

Fayos, O., GF Barbero, M. Savirón, J. Orduna, AG Durán, M. Palma, JMG Molinillo, et al. "Synthesis of (±)-3,4-dimethoxybenzyl-4-methyloctanoate as a novel internal standard for capsinoid determination by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS(QTOF)." Open Chemistry 16, no. 1 (February 21, 2018): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/chem-2018-0007.

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AbstractCapsinoids exhibit health-promoting properties and are therefore compounds of interest for medical and food sciences. They are minor compounds present in relatively high concentrations in only a few number of pepper cultivars. It is desirable to quantify capsinoids to provide selected cultivars with high capsinoid contents, which can then be employed as health food product. Quantifying low concentrations of capsinoids from pepper fruit requires a precise and selective analytical technique such as HPLC coupled to electrospray ionization - mass spectrometry, with development of an internal standard essential. In this work, the synthesis method of a novel compound analogue of capsinoids, the (±)-3,4-dimethoxybenzyl-4-methyloctanoate, which could be a suitable internal standard for capsinoid determination by electrospray ionization - mass spectrometry is described.(±)-3,4-dimethoxybenzyl-4-methyloctanoate was stable under the analysis conditions and exerted chemical and physical properties similar to those of capsinoids. This internal standard will provide an accurate capsinoid determination by electrospray ionization - mass spectrometry, thus facilitating the pepper breeding programs, screening pepper cultivars and a better understanding of capsinoid biosynthetic pathway.

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Wang, Lei, Marissa A. Pierson, and R. Kenneth Marcus. "Coupling of capillary-channeled polymer (C-CP) fibers for reversed phase liquid chromatography and ESI-MS for the determination of proteins in a urine matrix." Analytical Methods 8, no. 48 (2016): 8410–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ay02737g.

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Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis provides a great deal of analytical information as a detection mode when coupled with liquid chromatography (LC) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) separations of proteins.

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43

Schmidt, Eduardo M., Marcos A. Pudenzi, Jandyson M. Santos, Celio F. F. Angolini, Rosana C. L. Pereira, Ygor S. Rocha, Eduard Denisov, Eugen Damoc, Alexander Makarov, and Marcos N. Eberlin. "Petroleomics via Orbitrap mass spectrometry with resolving power above 1 000 000 at m/z 200." RSC Advances 8, no. 11 (2018): 6183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra12509g.

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The performance of the high-field MegaOrbitrap Fourier transform mass spectrometer (FT-MS) with electrospray ionization (ESI) was evaluated to perform petroleum sample characterization via classical petroleomics approaches.

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44

Lee, Hae-Rim, Sunil Kochhar, and Soon-Mi Shim. "Comparison of Electrospray Ionization and Atmospheric Chemical Ionization Coupled with the Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry for the Analysis of Cholesteryl Esters." International Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/650927.

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The approach of two different ionization techniques including electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was tested for the analysis of cholesteryl esters (CEs). The retention time (RT), signal intensity, protonated ion, and product ion of CEs were compared between ESI and APCI. RT of CEs from both ionizations decreased with increasing double bonds, while it increased with longer carbon chain length. The ESI process generated strong signal intensity of precursor ions corresponding to [M+Na]+and [M+NH4]+regardless of the number of carbon chains and double bonds in CEs. On the other hand, the APCI process produced a protonated ion of CEs [M+H]+with a weak signal intensity, and it is selectively sensitive to detect precursor ions of CEs with unsaturated fatty acids. The ESI technique proved to be effective in ionizing more kinds of CEs than the APCI technique.

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45

Barros, Ana I. R. N. A., Fernando M. Nunes, Cristina Barros, Artur M. S. Silva, and M. Rosário M. Domingues. "Structural Characterization of Nitrated 2′-Hydroxychalcones by Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry." European Journal of Mass Spectrometry 15, no. 5 (October 2009): 605–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1255/ejms.1020.

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Isomeric 2′-hydroxychalcones bearing nitro and methoxy groups in different positions of their skeleton were analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) with electrospray ionization (ESI), in positive mode. Collision-induced dissociation of the protonated molecules, [M + H]+, formed under electrospray conditions were studied and it was found that the product ion spectra of these chalcones presented different fragmentation patterns depending on the position of the substituents on the molecule. The product ion spectra (ESI-MS/MS) of the B ring ortho-nitro substituted 2′-hydroxychalcone and of the 4′-methoxychalcones showed loss of OH•, 2OH• and combined losses of OH• and H2O. These fragment ions were absent in the spectra of the respective meta- and para isomers. The observed differences in the product ion spectra of these nitrochalcones allowed identification of the o-nitro derivatives. Distinction between the meta- and para-derivatives was not achieved. Chalcones bearing 6′-methoxy substituents showed distinct fragmentation from the one observed for their isomers, 4′-methoxychalcones, since they present only one fragment ion, a typical (0,αA – H)+ and, therefore, do not allow detailed structural information to be obtained, nor to differentiate between the o-, m- or p-nitro isomers. Overall, it was found that small changes in the substitution pattern of chalcones change their fragmentation considerably in the ESI-MS/MS, and that these features permit the differentiation of specific isomers of these 2′-hydroxynitrochalcones.

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Berzas Nevado, Juan José, Gregorio Castañeda Peñalvo, Rosa Ma Rodríguez Dorado, and Virginia Rodríguez Robledo. "Determination of histamine H2 receptor antagonists in pharmaceutical formulations by CE-MS." Anal. Methods 6, no. 6 (2014): 1714–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3ay42065e.

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A simple, fast and new method for the qualitative and quantitative determination of histamine H2 receptor antagonists by using capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) coupled to electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry (MS) has been developed.

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47

Luo, Shi-Zhong, Yan-Mei Li, Yan-Ling Niu, Yi Chen, Yu-Yang Jiang, Jing Chen, and Yu-Fen Zhao. "Characterization of Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry for N-Diisopropyloxyphosphoryl Dipeptide Methyl Esters." European Journal of Mass Spectrometry 11, no. 1 (February 2005): 107–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1255/ejms.733.

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A systematic study of the fragmentation pattern of N-diisopropyloxyphosphoryl (DIPP) dipeptide methyl esters in an electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) was presented. A combination of accurate mass measurement and tandem mass spectrometry had been used to characterize the major fragment ions observed in the ESI mass spectrum. It was found that the alkali metal ions acted as a fixed charge site and expelled the DIPP group after transferring a proton to the amide nitrogen. For all the N-phosphoryl dipeptide methyl esters, under the activation of a metal ion, the rearrangement product ion at m/z 163 was observed and confirmed to be the sodium adduct of phosphoric acid mono-isopropyl esters (PAIE), via a specific five-membered penta-coordinated phosphorus intermediate. However, no rearrangement ion was observed when a β-amino acid was at the N-terminal. This could be used to develop a novel method for differentiating isomeric compounds when either α- or β-amino acid are at the N-terminus of peptides. From the [M + Na]+ ESI-MS/MS spectra of N-phosphoryl dipeptide methyl esters (DIPP – Xaa1 – Xaa2 – OMe), the peaks corresponding to the [M + Na – Xaa1 – C3H6]+ were observed and explained. The [M + Na]+ ESI-MS/MS spectra of N-phosphoryl dipeptide methyl esters with Phe located in the C-terminal, such as DIPP–Val–Phe–OMe, DIPP–Leu–Phe–OMe, DIPP–Ile–Phe–OMe, DIPP–Ala–Phe–OMe and DIPP–Phe–Phe–OMe, had characteristic fragmentation. Two unusual gas-phase intramolecular rearrangement mechanisms were first proposed for this fragmentation. These rearrangements were not observed in dipeptide methyl ester analogs which did not contain the DIPP at the N-terminal, suggesting that this moiety was critical for the rearrangement.

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Compton, Bruce Jon, and Gary Siuzdak. "Mass spectrometry in nucleic acid, carbohydrate and steroid analysis." Spectroscopy 17, no. 4 (2003): 699–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2003/725480.

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Mass spectrometry is now widely used in many areas of biomolecule analysis and this diversity is well represented by the analysis of oligonucleotides, carbohydrates and steroids. In this paper an overview of the common techniques used for analysis of these biomolecules is presented, including electrospray ionization (ESI), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI), desorption/ionization on silicon (DIOS), and negative chemical ionization gas chromatography mass spectrometry (NCI GC/MS). Additionally, important aspects of biomolecule analysis, such as molecular weight determination, sequencing using tandem mass spectrometry and enzymes, precursor ion scanning, noncovalent interactions, and sensitivity, will be discussed.

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Pei, Jiying, Cheng-Chih Hsu, Yinghui Wang, and Kefu Yu. "Corona discharge-induced reduction of quinones in negative electrospray ionization mass spectrometry." RSC Advances 7, no. 69 (2017): 43540–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra08523k.

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Li, Gongyu, Jiying Pei, Yue Yin, and Guangming Huang. "Direct sequencing of a disulfide-linked peptide with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry." Analyst 140, no. 8 (2015): 2623–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5an00011d.

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