Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / Element activation / Journal articles

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Element activation.

Journal articles on the topic 'Element activation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 23 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2025

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Element activation.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Fedoroff, N. "The heritable activation of cryptic Suppressor-mutator elements by an active element." Genetics 121, no. 3 (1989): 591–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/121.3.591.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract A weakly active maize Suppressor-mutator (Spm-omega) element is able to heritably activate cryptic Spm elements in the maize genome. The spontaneous activation frequency, which is 1-5 x 10(-5) in the present genetic background, increases by about 100-fold in the presence of an Spm-omega and remains an order of magnitude above the background level a generation after removal of the activating Spm-omega. Sectorial somatic reactivation of cryptic elements can be detected phenotypically in kernels. Selection of such kernels constitutes an efficient selection for plants with reactivated Spm

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Mastick, G. S., and S. B. Scholnick. "Repression and activation of the Drosophila dopa decarboxylase gene in glia." Molecular and Cellular Biology 12, no. 12 (1992): 5659–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.12.12.5659-5666.1992.

Full text

Abstract:

Glial expression of the Drosophila dopa decarboxylase gene (Ddc) is repressed by a regulatory region located approximately 1 kb upstream of the transcriptional start site. We have used in vitro mutagenesis and germ line transformation to determine which elements within the Ddc promoter mediate repression. Our evidence suggests that the hypodermal cell activator elements IIA and IIB play a major role in the transcriptional regulation of Ddc in glial cells. A variety of mutations demonstrate that element IIA is a strong glial activator element and that element IIB is necessary for glial repressi

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Mastick, G. S., and S. B. Scholnick. "Repression and activation of the Drosophila dopa decarboxylase gene in glia." Molecular and Cellular Biology 12, no. 12 (1992): 5659–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.12.12.5659.

Full text

Abstract:

Glial expression of the Drosophila dopa decarboxylase gene (Ddc) is repressed by a regulatory region located approximately 1 kb upstream of the transcriptional start site. We have used in vitro mutagenesis and germ line transformation to determine which elements within the Ddc promoter mediate repression. Our evidence suggests that the hypodermal cell activator elements IIA and IIB play a major role in the transcriptional regulation of Ddc in glial cells. A variety of mutations demonstrate that element IIA is a strong glial activator element and that element IIB is necessary for glial repressi

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Wu, T. J., G. Monokian, D. F. Mark, and C. R. Wobbe. "Transcriptional activation by herpes simplex virus type 1 VP16 in vitro and its inhibition by oligopeptides." Molecular and Cellular Biology 14, no. 5 (1994): 3484–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.14.5.3484-3493.1994.

Full text

Abstract:

VP16 is a herpes simplex virus (HSV)-encoded transcriptional activator protein that is essential for efficient viral replication and as such may be a target for novel therapeutic agents directed against viral gene expression. We have reconstituted transcriptional activation by VP16 in an in vitro system that is dependent on DNA sequences from HSV immediate-early gene promoters and on protein-protein interactions between VP16 and Oct-1 that are required for VP16 activation in vivo. Activation increased synergistically with the number of TAATGARAT elements (the cis-acting element for VP16 activa

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Wu, T. J., G. Monokian, D. F. Mark, and C. R. Wobbe. "Transcriptional activation by herpes simplex virus type 1 VP16 in vitro and its inhibition by oligopeptides." Molecular and Cellular Biology 14, no. 5 (1994): 3484–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.14.5.3484.

Full text

Abstract:

VP16 is a herpes simplex virus (HSV)-encoded transcriptional activator protein that is essential for efficient viral replication and as such may be a target for novel therapeutic agents directed against viral gene expression. We have reconstituted transcriptional activation by VP16 in an in vitro system that is dependent on DNA sequences from HSV immediate-early gene promoters and on protein-protein interactions between VP16 and Oct-1 that are required for VP16 activation in vivo. Activation increased synergistically with the number of TAATGARAT elements (the cis-acting element for VP16 activa

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Dilchert, Katharina, Thorsten Scherpf, and Viktoria H. Gessner. "Carbenoid‐Mediated Formation and Activation of Element‐Element and Element–Hydrogen Bonds." European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 2020, no. 43 (2020): 4111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejic.202000860.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Pan, Y. B., and P. A. Peterson. "Spontaneous Activation of Quiescent Uq Transposable Elements during Endosperm Development in Zea Mays." Genetics 119, no. 2 (1988): 457–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/119.2.457.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract This study addresses the question of the activation of quiescent transposable elements in maize breeding lines. The a-ruq reporter allele of the Uq transposable element system expresses Uq activity (spots or sectors of spots in otherwise colorless aleurone tissue) when exposed to various genotypes of assorted maize inbred lines lacking any active Uq element. This activation of quiescent Uq elements occurs randomly during the growth of the endosperm. It is concluded that there are components in the genome that enhance the rare activation of quiescent Uq elements. Further, it seems that

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Frost, Bess E., Wenyan Sun, Hanie Samimi, and Habil Zare. "JUMP AROUND, JUMP AROUND: TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENT ACTIVATION IN NEURODEGENERATIVE TAUOPATHY." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (2019): S587. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2178.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Transposable elements, or “jumping genes,” constitute ~45% of the human genome. We have identified transposable element activation as a key mediator of neurodegeneration in tauopathies, a group of disorders that are pathologically defined by deposits of tau protein in the brain. Cellular defenses that limit transposable element mobilization include 1) formation of silencing heterochromatin and 2) generation of piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) that clear transposable element transcripts. Using genetic approaches in Drosophila models of tauopathy, we find evidence for a causal relationshi

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Aoki, Yutaka, Thomas Braun, David Davies, et al. "Understanding unusual element-element bond formation and activation: general discussion." Faraday Discussions 220 (2019): 376–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9fd90071c.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Faris, Mary, Kevin M. Latinis, Stephan J. Kempiak, Gary A. Koretzky, and Andre Nel. "Stress-Induced Fas Ligand Expression in T Cells Is Mediated through a MEK Kinase 1-Regulated Response Element in the Fas Ligand Promoter." Molecular and Cellular Biology 18, no. 9 (1998): 5414–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.18.9.5414.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT T lymphocytes undergo apoptosis in response to a variety of stimuli, including exposure to UV radiation and γ-irradiation. While the mechanism by which stress stimuli induce apoptosis is not well understood, we have previously shown that the induction of Fas ligand (FasL) gene expression by environmental stress stimuli is dependent on c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation. Using inducible dominant-active (DA) JNK kinase kinase (MEKK1) expression in Jurkat cells, we map a specific MEKK1-regulated response element to positions −338 to −316 of the Fas ligand (FasL) promoter. Mutation

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

HERRERO, Pilar, Leticia FLORES, Tamara de la CERA, and Fernando MORENO. "Functional characterization of transcriptional regulatory elements in the upstream region of the yeast GLK1 gene." Biochemical Journal 343, no. 2 (1999): 319–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3430319.

Full text

Abstract:

The glucokinase gene GLK1 of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is transcriptionally regulated in response to the carbon source of the growth medium. Northern-blot analysis shows that the GLK1 gene is expressed at a basal level in the presence of glucose, de-repressed more than 6-fold under conditions of sugar limitation and more than 25-fold under conditions of ethanol induction. lacZ fusions of the GLK1 gene promoter were constructed and a deletion analysis was performed in order to identify the cis-acting regulatory elements of the promoter that controls GLK1 gene expression. First, the exp

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Orwig, Kyle E., and Michael J. Soares. "Transcriptional Activation of the Decidual/Trophoblast Prolactin-Related Protein Gene1." Endocrinology 140, no. 9 (1999): 4032–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/endo.140.9.6954.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract The decidual/trophoblast PRL-related protein (d/tPRP) is dually expressed by decidual and trophoblast cells during pregnancy. We have characterized the proximal d/tPRP promoter responsible for directing d/tPRP expression in decidual and trophoblast cells. We have demonstrated that the proximal 93 bp of d/tPRP 5′-flanking DNA are sufficient to direct luciferase gene expression in primary decidual and Rcho-1 trophoblast cells, but not in fibroblast, undifferentiated uterine stromal cells or trophoblast cells of a labyrinthine lineage. The 93-bp d/tPRP promoter was also sufficient to dir

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Odic, Darko, and Jay Pratt. "Solving the Correspondence Problem within the Ternus Display: The Differential-Activation Theory." Perception 37, no. 12 (2008): 1790–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p5670.

Full text

Abstract:

The Ternus display produces a bistable illusion of motion: at very short interstimulus intervals (ISIs; < 30 ms) observers perceive element motion while at longer ISIs (> 30 ms) observers perceive group motion. In experiment 1, however, we find that, when the Ternus display's ISI contains an occluding box, group motion is mostly eliminated. These results do not fit the predictions made by the short-range/long-range two-process theory [Braddick and Adlard, 1978, in Visual Psychophysics and Psychology (New York: Academic Press)]. We propose that the differential-activation theory (Gilroy e

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Drazinic, C. M., J. B. Smerage, M. C. López, and H. V. Baker. "Activation mechanism of the multifunctional transcription factor repressor-activator protein 1 (Rap1p)." Molecular and Cellular Biology 16, no. 6 (1996): 3187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.16.6.3187.

Full text

Abstract:

Transcriptional activation in eukaryotic organisms normally requires combinatorial interactions of multiple transcription factors. In most cases, the precise role played by each transcription factor is not known. The upstream activating sequence (UAS) elements of glycolytic enzyme genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae are excellent model systems for the study of combinatorial interactions. The yeast protein known as Rap1p acts as both a transcriptional repressor and an activator, depending on sequence context. Rap1p-binding sites are found adjacent to Gcr1p-binding sites in the UAS elements of gly

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

BANKS, Eric B., James F. CRISH, Jean F. WELTER, and Richard L. ECKERT. "Characterization of human involucrin promoter distal regulatory region transcriptional activator elements–a role for Sp1 and AP1 binding sites." Biochemical Journal 331, no. 1 (1998): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3310061.

Full text

Abstract:

Human involucrin (hINV) is an important precursor of the keratinocyte cornified envelope that is specifically expressed in the suprabasal layers of stratifying epithelia. Previous truncation and mutagenesis experiments have shown that an activator protein 1 (Ap1) site, AP1–5, located 2100 bp upstream of the transcription start site, is required for optimal promoter activity. These previous studies suggest that AP1–5 is part of a distal regulatory region spanning nucleotides -2473 to -2088. In the present report, we study the distal regulatory region (DRR), which surrounds AP1–5. Our studies sh

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Jackson, S. M., C. A. Keech, D. J. Williamson, and A. Gutierrez-Hartmann. "Interaction of basal positive and negative transcription elements controls repression of the proximal rat prolactin promoter in nonpituitary cells." Molecular and Cellular Biology 12, no. 6 (1992): 2708–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.12.6.2708-2719.1992.

Full text

Abstract:

The proximal rat prolactin (rPRL) promoter contains three cell-specific elements, designated footprints I, III, and IV, which restrict rPRL gene expression to anterior pituitary lactotroph cells. Footprint II (-130 to -120) binds a factor, which we have termed F2F, present in pituitary and nonpituitary cell types. Here we demonstrate that a key role of the footprint II site is to inhibit rPRL promoter activity in nonpituitary cells, specifically, by interfering with the basal activating function of a vicinal element. Gene transfer analysis revealed 20-fold activation of the rPRL promoter in no

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Jackson, S. M., C. A. Keech, D. J. Williamson, and A. Gutierrez-Hartmann. "Interaction of basal positive and negative transcription elements controls repression of the proximal rat prolactin promoter in nonpituitary cells." Molecular and Cellular Biology 12, no. 6 (1992): 2708–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.12.6.2708.

Full text

Abstract:

The proximal rat prolactin (rPRL) promoter contains three cell-specific elements, designated footprints I, III, and IV, which restrict rPRL gene expression to anterior pituitary lactotroph cells. Footprint II (-130 to -120) binds a factor, which we have termed F2F, present in pituitary and nonpituitary cell types. Here we demonstrate that a key role of the footprint II site is to inhibit rPRL promoter activity in nonpituitary cells, specifically, by interfering with the basal activating function of a vicinal element. Gene transfer analysis revealed 20-fold activation of the rPRL promoter in no

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Szent-Gyorgyi, C. "A bipartite operator interacts with a heat shock element to mediate early meiotic induction of Saccharomyces cerevisiae HSP82." Molecular and Cellular Biology 15, no. 12 (1995): 6754–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.15.12.6754.

Full text

Abstract:

Although key genetic regulators of early meiotic transcription in Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been well characterized, the activation of meiotic genes is still poorly understood in terms of cis-acting DNA elements and their associated factors. I report here that induction of HSP82 is regulated by the early meiotic IME1-IME2 transcriptional cascade. Vegetative repression and meiotic induction depend on interactions of the promoter-proximal heat shock element (HSE) with a nearby bipartite repression element, composed of the ubiquitous early meiotic motif, URS1 (upstream repression sequence 1),

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Quincey, R. V., and R. E. Godfrey. "Upstream activation of ribosomal RNA biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Biochemical Journal 232, no. 1 (1985): 205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2320205.

Full text

Abstract:

Yeast was transformed with eight recombinants that contained an rRNA minigene and upstream elements of rDNA in different orientations in the multi-copy yeast-Escherichia coli shuttle vector, pJDB207. The effect of these elements of upstream rDNA on the initiation of transcription of the minigene at the site for rRNA biosynthesis was determined by using an S1 nuclease mapping procedure to measure the abundance of the minigene transcript in RNA from the yeast transformants. Transcription of the minigene was enhanced 3-fold by DNA within a 2.2 kb element more than 1.5 kb upstream from the initiat

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Bylino, Oleg V., Airat N. Ibragimov, and Yulii V. Shidlovskii. "Evolution of Regulated Transcription." Cells 9, no. 7 (2020): 1675. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells9071675.

Full text

Abstract:

The genomes of all organisms abound with various cis-regulatory elements, which control gene activity. Transcriptional enhancers are a key group of such elements in eukaryotes and are DNA regions that form physical contacts with gene promoters and precisely orchestrate gene expression programs. Here, we follow gradual evolution of this regulatory system and discuss its features in different organisms. In eubacteria, an enhancer-like element is often a single regulatory element, is usually proximal to the core promoter, and is occupied by one or a few activators. Activation of gene expression i

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Xu, Weiling, Suzy A. A. Comhair, Shuo Zheng, et al. "STAT-1 and c-Fos interaction in nitric oxide synthase-2 gene activation." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 285, no. 1 (2003): L137—L148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00441.2002.

Full text

Abstract:

Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) is required for induction of the human nitric oxide synthase-2 ( NOS2) gene in lung epithelium. Although the human NOS2 promoter region contains many cytokine-responsive elements, the molecular basis of induction is only partially understood. Here, the major cis-regulatory elements that control IFN-γ-inducible NOS2 gene transcription in human lung epithelial cells are identified as composite response elements that bind signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT-1) and activator protein 1 (AP-1), which is comprised of c-Fos, Fra-2, c-Jun, and JunD. Notably, IF

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Susperregui, Antonio R. G., Cristina Gamell, Edgardo Rodríguez-Carballo, et al. "Noncanonical BMP Signaling Regulates Cyclooxygenase-2 Transcription." Molecular Endocrinology 25, no. 6 (2011): 1006–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/me.2010-0515.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Activation of p38 MAPK has been shown to be relevant for a number of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) physiological effects. We report here the involvement of noncanonical phosphorylated mothers against decapentaplegic (Smad) signaling in the transcriptional induction of Cox2 (Ptgs2) by BMP-2 in mesenchymal cells and organotypic calvarial cultures. We demonstrate that different regulatory elements are required for regulation of Cox2 expression by BMP-2: Runt-related transcription factor-2 and cAMP response element sites are essential, whereas a GC-rich Smad binding element is importan

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Lee, M., and K. Struhl. "Mutations on the DNA-binding surface of TATA-binding protein can specifically impair the response to acidic activators in vivo." Molecular and Cellular Biology 15, no. 10 (1995): 5461–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.15.10.5461.

Full text

Abstract:

The TATA-binding protein (TBP) contains a concave surface that interacts specifically with TATA promoter elements and a convex surface that mediates protein-protein interactions with general and gene-specific transcription factors. Biochemical experiments suggest that interactions between activator proteins and TBP are important in stimulating transcription by the RNA polymerase II machinery. To gain insight into the role of TBP in mediating transcriptional activation in vivo, we implemented a genetic strategy in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that involved the use of a TBP derivative with altered s

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Kong, Xingzhong, Shangbin Hu, Jingkang Yang, and Yongchang Wang. "Activation cross sections for the element rhenium." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 218, no. 1 (1997): 127–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02033989.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Kafala, S. I., and T. D. Macmahon. "Neutron activation analysis without multi-element standards." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Articles 169, no. 1 (1993): 187–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02046793.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Hendy, Oliver, John Campbell, Jocelyn D. Weissman, Daniel R. Larson, and Dinah S. Singer. "Differential context-specific impact of individual core promoter elements on transcriptional dynamics." Molecular Biology of the Cell 28, no. 23 (2017): 3360–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e17-06-0408.

Full text

Abstract:

Eukaryotic transcription occurs in bursts that vary in size and frequency, but the contribution of individual core promoter elements to transcriptional bursting is not known. Here we analyze the relative contributions to bursting of the individual core promoter elements—CCAAT, TATAA-like, Sp1BS, and Inr—of an MHC class I gene in primary B-cells during both basal and activated transcription. The TATAA-like, Sp1BS, and Inr elements all function as negative regulators of transcription, and each was found to contribute differentially to the overall bursting pattern of the promoter during basal tra

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

La Vista-Picard, N., P. D. Hobbs, M. Pfahl, M. I. Dawson, and M. Pfahl. "The receptor-DNA complex determines the retinoid response: a mechanism for the diversification of the ligand signal." Molecular and Cellular Biology 16, no. 8 (1996): 4137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.16.8.4137.

Full text

Abstract:

To obtain insights into the principles governing the complex biological responses to retinoids, we have analyzed the ligand sensitivities of various retinoid receptor-DNA complexes. We find that different retinoid receptor heterodimers show distinct activation patterns with various response elements while a given heterodimer can be activated at different retinoic acid concentrations on different response elements. In vitro binding experiments suggest that the same retinoic acid receptor-retinoid X receptor (RAR-RXR) heterodimer can have different ligand affinities, depending on the response el

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Zhu, Ming, Hyounggee Baek, Ruiwu Liu, Aimin Song, Kit Lam, and Derick Lau. "LAS0811: From Combinatorial Chemistry to Activation of Antioxidant Response Element." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2009 (2009): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/420194.

Full text

Abstract:

The antioxidant response element (ARE) and its transcription factor, nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2), are potential targets for cancer chemoprevention. We sought to screen small molecules synthesized with combinatorial chemistry for activation of ARE. By high-throughput screening of 9400 small molecules from 10 combinatorial chemical libraries using HepG2 cells with an ARE-driven reporter, we have identified a novel small molecule, 1,2-dimethoxy-4,5-dinitrobenzene (LAS0811), as an activator of the ARE. LAS0811 upregulated the activity of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Peng, Nan, Xiang Ao, Yun Xiang Liang, and Qunxin She. "Archaeal promoter architecture and mechanism of gene activation." Biochemical Society Transactions 39, no. 1 (2011): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0390099.

Full text

Abstract:

Sulfolobus solfataricus and Sulfolobus islandicus contain several genes exhibiting D-arabinose-inducible expression and these systems are ideal for studying mechanisms of archaeal gene expression. At sequence level, only two highly conserved cis elements are present on the promoters: a regulatory element named ara box directing arabinose-inducible expression and the basal promoter element TATA, serving as the binding site for the TATA-binding protein. Strikingly, these promoters possess a modular structure that allows an essentially inactive basal promoter to be strongly activated. The invoked

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Cheriyath, Venugopalan, Carl D. Novina та Ananda L. Roy. "TFII-I Regulates Vβ Promoter Activity through an Initiator Element". Molecular and Cellular Biology 18, № 8 (1998): 4444–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.18.8.4444.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT In our effort to understand the transcriptional regulation of naturally occurring TATA-less but initiator (Inr)-containing genes, we have employed the murine T-cell receptor Vβ 5.2 promoter as a model. Here we show by transient-transfection assays that the Inr binding transcription factor TFII-I is required for efficient expression of the Vβ promoter in vivo. Mutations in the Inr element that reduced binding of TFII-I also abolished the Vβ promoter activity by ectopic TFII-I. We further biochemically identified a protease-resistant N-terminal DNA binding fragment of TFII-I, p70. When

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Stargell, L. A., and K. Struhl. "A new class of activation-defective TATA-binding protein mutants: evidence for two steps of transcriptional activation in vivo." Molecular and Cellular Biology 16, no. 8 (1996): 4456–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.16.8.4456.

Full text

Abstract:

Using a genetic screen, we isolated four TATA-binding protein (TBP) mutants that are specifically defective in vivo for the response to acidic activators. In contrast to previously described activation-defective TBP mutants, these TBP derivatives are not specifically defective for interactions with TATA elements or TFIIA. Three of these derivatives interact normally with a TATA element, TFIIA, TFIIB, or an acidic activation domain; presumably, they affect another protein-protein interaction important for transcriptional activation. The remaining derivative (with F-237 replaced by D) binds a TA

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Chang, C., and J. D. Gralla. "Properties of initiator-associated transcription mediated by GAL4-VP16." Molecular and Cellular Biology 13, no. 12 (1993): 7469–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.13.12.7469-7475.1993.

Full text

Abstract:

Transcription associated with a terminal deoxynucleotide transferase gene initiator element is shown to respond to the transcription factor GAL4-VP16 both in vivo and in vitro. High-level transcription requires both an intact initiator element and bound activator. Transcription from this initiator-directed promoter is synergistic in vivo in that five GAL4 DNA binding sites yield 36 times the expression of a single site. Promoters dominated by initiator and TATA elements respond similarly to several GAL4-based activators, including GAL4-Sp1, GAL4-CTF, GAL4(1-147), GAL4-p53, GAL4-C/EBP, and GAL4

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Chang, C., and J. D. Gralla. "Properties of initiator-associated transcription mediated by GAL4-VP16." Molecular and Cellular Biology 13, no. 12 (1993): 7469–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.13.12.7469.

Full text

Abstract:

Transcription associated with a terminal deoxynucleotide transferase gene initiator element is shown to respond to the transcription factor GAL4-VP16 both in vivo and in vitro. High-level transcription requires both an intact initiator element and bound activator. Transcription from this initiator-directed promoter is synergistic in vivo in that five GAL4 DNA binding sites yield 36 times the expression of a single site. Promoters dominated by initiator and TATA elements respond similarly to several GAL4-based activators, including GAL4-Sp1, GAL4-CTF, GAL4(1-147), GAL4-p53, GAL4-C/EBP, and GAL4

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

LUCIAKOVA, Katarina, Zdenek HODNY, Peter BARATH, and B. Dean NELSON. "In vivo mapping of the human adenine nucleotide translocator-2 (ANT2) promoter provides support for regulation by a pair of proximal Sp1-activating sites and an upstream silencer element." Biochemical Journal 352, no. 2 (2000): 519–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3520519.

Full text

Abstract:

Regulatory factors bound to the human adenine nucleotide translocator-2 (ANT2) promoter have been mapped in HeLa cells by in vivo DNase I protection and ligation-mediated PCR amplification. Protein binding was detected at only three sites within the extended promoter region (to nt -703). One, starting at nt -61 and covering the TATA box and transcription start, most probably represents occupation by the transcription-initiation machinery. A repeated Sp1 element determined by in vitro studies to be the major activation element for the promoter was also protected in vivo on nucleotides responsib

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Kempiak, Stephan J., Timothy S. Hiura та Andre E. Nel. "The Jun Kinase Cascade Is Responsible for Activating the CD28 Response Element of the IL-2 Promoter: Proof of Cross-Talk with the IκB Kinase Cascade". Journal of Immunology 162, № 6 (1999): 3176–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.162.6.3176.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Costimulation of TCR/CD3 and CD28 receptors leads to activation of the Jun kinase (JNK) cascade, which plays a key role in T cell activation, including activation of the IL-2 promoter. We demonstrate that the JNK cascade plays a central role in the activation of the CD28 response element (CD28RE) in the IL-2 promoter. This response element is linked to an activating protein-1 (AP-1) site, which functions synergistically with the CD28RE. The role of the JNK cascade in the activation of this composite element is twofold: 1) activation of the AP-1 site through transcriptional activation

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Harris, Dagan, Dana Chuderland, David Bonfil, Sarah Kraus, Rony Seger та Zvi Naor. "Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase and c-Src, But Not Jun N-Terminal Kinase, Are Involved in Basal and Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone-Stimulated Activity of the Glycoprotein Hormone α-Subunit Promoter". Endocrinology 144, № 2 (2003): 612–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2002-220690.

Full text

Abstract:

Addition of a GnRH agonist (GnRH-A) to αT3-1 cells stimulates different MAPK cascades: ERK, Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38. Activation of JNK, ERK, and p38 shows a unique fold activation ratio of 25:12:2, which might encode signal specificity. ERK is translocated to the nucleus within 20 min with a peak at 120 min of GnRH-A stimulation. We used the human α-subunit promoter linked to chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (αCAT) to examine the role of ERK, JNK, and c-Src, which is implicated in MAPK activation, in basal and GnRH-stimulated αCAT. Addition of GnRH-A resulted in a 3-fold increas

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Yang, Min, John Hay, and William T. Ruyechan. "The DNA Element Controlling Expression of the Varicella-Zoster Virus Open Reading Frame 28 and 29 Genes Consists of Two Divergent Unidirectional Promoters Which Have a Common USF Site." Journal of Virology 78, no. 20 (2004): 10939–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.78.20.10939-10952.2004.

Full text

Abstract:

ABSTRACT The mechanism of the divergent expression of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) ORF 28 and ORF 29 genes from a common intergenic DNA element, the ORF 28/29 promoter, is of interest based on the observation that both genes are expressed during VZV lytic infection but only the ORF 29 gene is expressed in latently infected neurons. In the work presented here, expression driven by the ORF 28/29 intergenic region was examined. We found that the promoter activity towards the ORF 29 direction is more responsive to activation by the major viral transactivator IE62 than that towards the ORF 28 d

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

BERG, Véronique, Gilbert VASSART, and Daniel CHRISTOPHE. "A zinc-dependent DNA-binding activity co-operates with cAMP-responsive-element-binding protein to activate the human thyroglobulin enhancer." Biochemical Journal 323, no. 2 (1997): 349–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3230349.

Full text

Abstract:

Footprinting experiments involving the human thyroglobulin gene enhancer and thyroid nuclear extracts revealed a protected region called X2, containing an incomplete cAMP-responsive element (CRE). Band-shift experiments identified two binding activities recognizing the X2 element: a CRE-binding protein (CREB)/activating transcription factor (ATF) relative that binds the half CRE motif and a second factor that interacts with a G-rich motif located just upstream from the CRE. The first factor appears to be CREB itself, as indicated by the supershifting when using an antibody directed against CRE

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Xiao, H., J. D. Friesen, and J. T. Lis. "A highly conserved domain of RNA polymerase II shares a functional element with acidic activation domains of upstream transcription factors." Molecular and Cellular Biology 14, no. 11 (1994): 7507–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.14.11.7507-7516.1994.

Full text

Abstract:

We report here that the largest subunit of yeast RNA polymerase II contains an acidic domain that is similar to acidic activators of transcription. This domain includes the highly conserved homology box H. A hybrid protein containing this acidic domain fused to the DNA-binding domain of GAL4 is a potent activator of transcription in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Interestingly, mutations that reduce the upstream activating activity of this acidic domain also abolish the normal function of RNA polymerase II. Such functional defects can be rescued by the acidic activation domains of VP16 an

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Xiao, H., J. D. Friesen, and J. T. Lis. "A highly conserved domain of RNA polymerase II shares a functional element with acidic activation domains of upstream transcription factors." Molecular and Cellular Biology 14, no. 11 (1994): 7507–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.14.11.7507.

Full text

Abstract:

We report here that the largest subunit of yeast RNA polymerase II contains an acidic domain that is similar to acidic activators of transcription. This domain includes the highly conserved homology box H. A hybrid protein containing this acidic domain fused to the DNA-binding domain of GAL4 is a potent activator of transcription in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Interestingly, mutations that reduce the upstream activating activity of this acidic domain also abolish the normal function of RNA polymerase II. Such functional defects can be rescued by the acidic activation domains of VP16 an

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

LI, FAN, HONGGENG LI, WEI HU, SICHENG SU, and BINGYU WANG. "SIMULATION OF MUSCLE ACTIVATION WITH COUPLED NONLINEAR FE MODELS." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 16, no. 06 (2016): 1650082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519416500822.

Full text

Abstract:

Muscle activation plays an important role in head–neck dynamic response in vehicle accidents, especially in low speed impacts. The aim of the present study was to analyze the mechanical characteristics and dynamic stability of the muscle using coupled non-linear finite element model, which could be further applied for biomechanical study of head–neck system in car crash accidents. A rabbit tibialis anterior (TA) geometry model was developed. Two finite element models of TA were developed with coupled constitutive models. One coupled model was developed combining quasi-linear viscoelastic (QLV)

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Peng, Nan, Qiu Xia, Zhengjun Chen, Yun Xiang Liang, and Qunxin She. "An upstream activation element exerting differential transcriptional activation on an archaeal promoter." Molecular Microbiology 74, no. 4 (2009): 928–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2009.06908.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Guertin, M., H. LaRue, D. Bernier, et al. "Enhancer and promoter elements directing activation and glucocorticoid repression of the alpha 1-fetoprotein gene in hepatocytes." Molecular and Cellular Biology 8, no. 4 (1988): 1398–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.8.4.1398-1407.1988.

Full text

Abstract:

Mutations were introduced in 7 kilobases of 5'-flanking rat alpha 1-fetoprotein (AFP) genomic DNA, linked to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene. AFP promoter activity and its repression by a glucocorticoid hormone were assessed by stable and transient expression assays. Stable transfection assays were more sensitive and accurate than transient expression assays in a Morris 7777 rat hepatoma recipient (Hepa7.6), selected for its strong AFP repression by dexamethasone. The segment of DNA encompassing a hepatocyte-constitutive chromatin DNase I-hypersensitive site at -3.7 kilobases and a

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Guertin, M., H. LaRue, D. Bernier, et al. "Enhancer and promoter elements directing activation and glucocorticoid repression of the alpha 1-fetoprotein gene in hepatocytes." Molecular and Cellular Biology 8, no. 4 (1988): 1398–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.8.4.1398.

Full text

Abstract:

Mutations were introduced in 7 kilobases of 5'-flanking rat alpha 1-fetoprotein (AFP) genomic DNA, linked to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene. AFP promoter activity and its repression by a glucocorticoid hormone were assessed by stable and transient expression assays. Stable transfection assays were more sensitive and accurate than transient expression assays in a Morris 7777 rat hepatoma recipient (Hepa7.6), selected for its strong AFP repression by dexamethasone. The segment of DNA encompassing a hepatocyte-constitutive chromatin DNase I-hypersensitive site at -3.7 kilobases and a

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

PALVIMO, Jorma J., Maija PARTANEN, and Olli A. JÄNNE. "Characterization of cell-specific modulatory element in the murine ornithine decarboxylase promoter." Biochemical Journal 316, no. 3 (1996): 993–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3160993.

Full text

Abstract:

The promoter of the murine ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) gene contains, adjacent to the TATA box, a cAMP response element (CRE)-like motif that interacts with specific nuclear proteins. Here we examine the role of this CRE-like element (CREL) in ODC promoter activation in proliferating cells. Mutations that abolished binding of nuclear proteins to CREL influenced only marginally the cAMP induction of the reporter constructs driven by 1.6 kb of the ODC promoter. Instead, these mutations altered the basal promoter function in a cell-specific manner, in that they reduced the promoter activity in

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

DeAngelo, D. J., J. DeFalco, and G. Childs. "Purification and characterization of the stage-specific embryonic enhancer-binding protein SSAP-1." Molecular and Cellular Biology 13, no. 3 (1993): 1746–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.13.3.1746-1758.1993.

Full text

Abstract:

We have demonstrated that a highly conserved segment of DNA between positions -288 and -317 (upstream sequence element IV [USE IV]) is largely responsible for the transcriptional activation of the sea urchin H1-beta histone gene during the blastula stage of embryogenesis. This sequence is capable of acting as an embryonic enhancer element, activating target genes in a stage-specific manner. Nuclear extracts prepared from developmentally-staged organisms before and after the gene is activated all contain a factor which specifically binds to the enhancer. We have purified a 43-kDa polypeptide wh

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

DeAngelo, D. J., J. DeFalco, and G. Childs. "Purification and characterization of the stage-specific embryonic enhancer-binding protein SSAP-1." Molecular and Cellular Biology 13, no. 3 (1993): 1746–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.13.3.1746.

Full text

Abstract:

We have demonstrated that a highly conserved segment of DNA between positions -288 and -317 (upstream sequence element IV [USE IV]) is largely responsible for the transcriptional activation of the sea urchin H1-beta histone gene during the blastula stage of embryogenesis. This sequence is capable of acting as an embryonic enhancer element, activating target genes in a stage-specific manner. Nuclear extracts prepared from developmentally-staged organisms before and after the gene is activated all contain a factor which specifically binds to the enhancer. We have purified a 43-kDa polypeptide wh

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Erclik, Mary S., and Jane Mitchell. "Activation of the insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 promoter by parathyroid hormone in osteosarcoma cells requires activation of an activated protein-2 element." Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 34, no. 3 (2005): 713–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/jme.1.01741.

Full text

Abstract:

We have previously shown that parathyroid hormone (PTH) stimulates the expression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5) transcript levels in the osteosarcoma cell-line, UMR106–01 cells. In the present study we examined the molecular basis for the PTH induction of IGFBP-5 mRNA in these cells. PTH had no effect on the half-life of the IGFBP-5 transcript but did stimulate the transactivation of the proximal 889 base pairs of the rat IGFBP 5′ flanking region in a luciferase fusion construct, suggesting that PTH stimulates transcript levels through transcriptional mechanisms. Pr

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Avino, Pasquale, Geraldo Capannesi, Francesco Lopez, and Alberto Rosada. "Determination of Interesting Toxicological Elements in PM2.5by Neutron and Photon Activation Analysis." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/458793.

Full text

Abstract:

Human activities introduce compounds increasing levels of many dangerous species for environment and population. In this way, trace elements in airborne particulate have a preeminent position due to toxic element presence affecting the biological systems. The main problem is the analytical determination of such species at ultratrace levels: a very specific methodology is necessary with regard to the accuracy and precision and contamination problems. Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis and Instrumental Photon Activation Analysis assure these requirements. A retrospective element analysis i

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Barbu, Mihai Constantin Răzvan, George Bogdan Burcea, Dragoş Laurenţiu Diaconescu, Marius Cătălin Popescu, Leonardo Daniel Păsărin, and Paula Apostu. "The Role of Social Media on Sponsorship Activation." Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai Educatio Artis Gymnasticae 66, no. 1 (2021): 111–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbeag.66(1).11.

Full text

Abstract:

"ABSTRACT. Globally, sponsorship has grown impressive over the last 30 years, receiving an increased importance in the communication mix of companies. Sport organizations have understood the importance and the role sponsorship it plays for the financial support they need. Sponsorship is the material support of an event, activity or organization by an unaffiliated partner. It is a good way to increase brand awareness, which helps to generate consumer preferences and promote brand loyalty and also improves the brand image. Brands play an important role in the development of companies because the

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!