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Journal articles on the topic 'Element procedure'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

Dow, John O., Thomas H. Ho, and Harold D. Cabiness. "Generalized Finite Element Evaluation Procedure." Journal of Structural Engineering 111, no. 2 (February 1985): 435–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1985)111:2(435).

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2

Ting, Edward C., Chiang Shih, and Yeon-Kang Wang. "Fundamentals of a Vector Form Intrinsic Finite Element: Part I. Basic Procedure and A Plane Frame Element." Journal of Mechanics 20, no. 2 (June 2004): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1727719100003336.

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AbstractIn a series of three articles, fundamentals of a vector form intrinsic finite element procedure (VFIFE) are summarized. The procedure is designed to calculate motions of a system of rigid and deformable bodies. The motion may include large rigid body motions and large geometrical changes. Newton's law, or a work principle, for particle is assumed to derive the governing equations of motion. They are obtained by using a set of deformation coordinates for the description of kinematics. A convected material frame approach is proposed to handle very large deformations. Numerical results are calculated by using an explicit algorithm. In the first article, using the plane frame element as an example, basic procedures are described. In the accompanied articles, plane solid elements, convected material frame procedures and numerical results of patch tests are given.

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3

Liu, S. "A finite element analysis procedure using simple quadrilateral plate/shell elements." Computers & Structures 32, no. 5 (January 1989): 937–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-7949(89)90396-9.

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4

Nallainathan, L., X. L. Liu, W. K. Chiu, and R. Jones. "Modelling Orthotropic Viscoelastic Behaviour of Composite Laminates Using a Coincident Element Method." Polymers and Polymer Composites 11, no. 8 (November 2003): 669–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739110301100806.

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In this paper a finite element procedure for modelling the viscoelastic behaviour of orthotropic composites is presented. The procedure uses the commercially available finite element package ABAQUS and requires no code development. The procedure utilises two coincident shell elements to model the orthotropic viscoelastic behaviour of a composite laminate. The first element exhibits isotropic and viscoelastic behaviour, while the second element exhibits orthotropic and elastic behaviour. The elements are superimposed in such a way that they are coincident. That is, the two shell elements share the same nodes and hence deform together. Consequently, it is expected that this combined hybrid model will exhibit combined orthotropic and viscoelastic behaviour. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the capability and accuracy of the new procedure.

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5

Rao, T. V. S. R. Appa, Nagesh R. Iyer, J. Rajasankar, and G. S. Palani. "Dynamic Response Analysis of Ship Hull Structures." Marine Technology and SNAME News 37, no. 03 (July 1, 2000): 117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.2000.37.3.117.

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Finite-element modeling and use of appropriate analytical techniques play a significant role in producing a reliable and economic design for ship hull structures subjected to dynamic loading. The paper presents investigations carried out for the dynamic response analysis of ship hull structures using the finite-element method. A simple and efficient interactive graphical preprocessing technique based on the "keynode" concept and assembly-line procedure is used to develop the finite-element model of the hull structure. The technique makes use of the body plan of a ship hull to build the finite-element model through an interactive session. Stiffened plate/shell finite elements suitable to model the hull structure are formulated and used to model the structure. The finite elements take into account arbitrary placement of stiffeners in an element without increasing the number of degrees-of-freedom of the element. A three-dimensional finite-element model and a procedure based on the Bubnov-Galerkin residual approach are employed to evaluate the effects of interaction between the ship hull and water. Mode superposition technique is used to conduct the dynamic response analysis. The efficiency of the finite elements and the procedures is demonstrated through dynamic analysis of a submerged cantilever plate and a barge when both are subjected to sinusoidal forces. The dynamic responses exhibit expected behavior of the structure and a comparison with the results available in the literature indicate superior performance of the finite element and methodologies developed. Thus, the finite-element models and the procedures are found to be efficient and hence suitable for the dynamic analysis of similar structures.

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6

Fortin, M., and D. Esselaoui. "A finite element procedure for viscoelastic flows." International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 7, no. 10 (October 1987): 1035–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650071004.

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7

Tarasov, Maxim Yu. "A New Element in the Extradition Procedure." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 464 (2021): 261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/464/29.

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The aim of the article is to justify a new element in the procedure for the extradition of a person for criminal prosecution or sentence execution. This element is the checking for compliance with internationally recognized standards of the conditions of the possible detention before trial, incarceration, as well as during transfer, in the country this person is extradited to. The source basis of the study were materials of the European Court of Human Rights, courts of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, the Main Directorate of International Legal Cooperation of the Prosecutor General’s Office of the Russian Federation, materials of checks of confinement conditions in Russian penitentiary institutions. Materials of checks of confinement conditions in specific penitentiary institutions have been supplemented with materials of checks of conditions for transferring prisoners in the Russian Federation. The study is based on the application of the method of participatory observation expressed in the collection of factual material during direct participation in the work of the Main Directorate of International Legal Cooperation of the General Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation in organizing checks by foreign experts of the confinement conditions of prisoners when deciding on extradition. Methods of observation, interviewing, experiment, analysis, comparison, and others were also used. The analysis of the available materials and the author’s own practice showed that foreign partners began to actively use information about unsatisfactory confinement conditions in prisons in specific cases as a basis for refusal to extradite people to Russia. When deciding on the extradition of persons detained at the request of the Russian side for criminal prosecution, the practice of foreign partners has introduced the organization of regular checks of the alleged confinement conditions in the Russian Federation on specific criminal cases in relation to specific persons. In order to overcome the emerging problems, on a contractual basis, foreign authoritative specialists are organizing inspections of the conditions in various penitentiary institutions. The results of such inspections in specific penitentiary institutions are of direct importance in matters of extradition in specific cases. On the basis of this material, the need was justified to include an additional element in the theoretical and legislative model of extradition, which no one has yet mentioned in the legal literature – checking the conditions of the possible detention of the extradited person before trial and incarceration. In order to overcome the negative trends, a set of measures at three different levels has been proposed to bring the conditions of the person extradited during the transfer to Russia in line with internationally recognized standards.

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8

Cherouat, Abel, Laurence Giraud-Moreau, and Houman Borouchaki. "Advanced Numerical Simulation of Metal Forming Processes Using Adaptive Remeshing Procedure." Materials Science Forum 614 (March 2009): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.614.27.

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This paper presents an advanced numerical methodology which aims to improve virtually any metal forming processes. It is based on elastoplastic constitutive equations accounting for non-linear mixed isotropic and kinematic hardening “strongly” coupled with isotropic ductile damage. During simulation of metal forming processes, where large plastic deformations with ductile damage occur, severe mesh distorsion takes place after a finite number of incremental steps. Hence an automatic mesh generation with remeshing capabilities is essential to carry out the finite element analysis. Besides, when damage is taken into account a kill element procedure is needed to eliminate the fully damaged elements in order to simulate the growth of macroscopic cracks. The necessary steps to remesh a damaged structure in finite element simulation of forming processes including damage occurrence (initiation and growth) are given. An important part of this procedure is constituted by geometrical and physical error estimates. The meshing and remeshing procedures are automatic and are implemented in a computational finite element analysis package (ABAQUS/Explicit solver using the Vumat user subroutine). Some numerical results are presented to show the capability of the proposed procedure to predict the damage initiation and growth during the metal forming processes.

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9

Ghanem, R. "Hybrid Stochastic Finite Elements and Generalized Monte Carlo Simulation." Journal of Applied Mechanics 65, no. 4 (December 1, 1998): 1004–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2791894.

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A procedure is developed to integrate analytical solutions to problems featuring random media with Monte Carlo simulations in order to improve the efficiency of the simulations. This is achieved by developing a common theoretical framework that encompasses Monte Carlo procedures as well as various expansion solution techniques. This framework can be perceived as a natural extension of hybrid deterministic finite element procedures whereby refinement is achieved by simultaneously increasing the number of elements as well as the degree of interpolation within each element.

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10

Caccamise, D. J., and M. Mecherikoff. "Human Factoring the Procedures Element in a Complex Manufacturing System." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 37, no. 16 (October 1993): 1046–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129303701601.

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As a result of Human Factors evaluations of procedures associated with incidents at Rocky Flats Plant (RFP) it was determined that the existing procedure format created significant opportunities for confusion in their attempt to convey information about a work process. For instance, there was no mechanism to clearly identify the participants and their roles during the Instructions portion of the procedure. In addition, procedure authors frequently used complex logic to convey a series of contingent actions within steps. It was also difficult to discern the actual procedure steps from other types of information in the procedure. These and other inadequacies prompted the Human Factors Engineering (HFE) department to propose solutions to these problems that followed well-researched principles of cognitive psychology, dealing with how humans process information. Format and style contribute to procedure usability, and therefore to safety and efficiency in operations governed by the procedures. Since it was difficult to tie specific performance failures to specific format and style characteristics and thereby clearly define costs and benefits, it was difficult on that basis to sell the idea that changes in procedure format and style were really necessary to improve safety and efficiency. In addition, we found that the socio-political systems governing this process, particularly at the subprocess interface level, were not functioning efficiently. Both the technological aspects of the process and the socio-political aspects were contributing to waste and considerable re-work. Fixing the customer feedback loop to the process owners not only minimized re-work and waste, but also provided the data to persuade subprocess owners to make the necessary changes that heretofore were being met with great resistance.

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11

Elsworth, Derek. "A boundary element-finite element procedure for porous and fractured media flow." Water Resources Research 23, no. 4 (April 1987): 551–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/wr023i004p00551.

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12

Pullan, A. J., and C. P. Bradley. "A coupled cubic hermite finite element/boundary element procedure for electrocardiographic problems." Computational Mechanics 18, no. 5 (September 1996): 356–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00376131.

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13

Pullan, A. J., and C. P. Bradley. "A coupled cubic hermite finite element/boundary element procedure for electrocardiographic problems." Computational Mechanics 18, no. 5 (September 1, 1996): 356–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004660050153.

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14

Tlustoš, Pavel, Jiřina Száková, Alena Stárková, and Daniela Pavlíková. "A comparison of sequential extraction procedures for fractionation of arsenic, cadmium, lead, and zinc in soil." Open Chemistry 3, no. 4 (December 1, 2005): 830–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bf02475207.

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AbstractTwelve soil samples differing in physicochemical properties and total element contents were extracted by three sequential extraction procedures to determine As, Cd, Pb, and Zn bound to individual soil fractions and are defined by individual operational procedures. In the case of arsenic, two additional sequential extraction schemes were designed entirely for fractionation of soil containing arsenic were tested. The results confirmed that determination of element proportions bound to individual soil fractions is strongly dependent on the extracting agent and/or procedure applied within individual extracting schemes. As expected, absolute values of the elements released among the individual extracting procedures are weakly comparable. More reliable results were determined for the more mobile soil elements i.e. cadmium and zinc, in the fractions characterizing the most mobile proportions of investigated elements where significant correlations with basic soil characteristics were observed. In contrast, ambiguous results were observed for As and Pb, for both the individual extraction procedures and the effect of the soil characteristics. Regardless of the studied element, the poorest results were determined for reducible and oxidizable soil fractions. The application of at least two independent procedures or modification of the extraction scheme according to element investigated and/or particular soil characteristics can also be helpful in definition of element pattern in soils in further research.

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15

Zingoni, Alphose. "Truss and Beam Finite Elements Revisited: A Derivation Based on Displacement-Field Decomposition." International Journal of Space Structures 11, no. 4 (December 1996): 371–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026635119601100404.

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Where a finite element possesses symmetry properties, derivation of fundamental element matrices can be achieved more efficiently by decomposing the general displacement field into subspaces of the symmetry group describing the configuration of the element. In this paper, the procedure is illustrated by reference to the simple truss and beam elements, whose well-known consistent-mass matrices are obtained via the proposed method. However, the procedure is applicable to all one-, two- and three-dimensional finite elements, as long as the shape and node configuration of the element can be described by a specific symmetry group.

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16

Liu, X. L., and J. V. Lemos. "Procedure for contact detection in discrete element analysis." Advances in Engineering Software 32, no. 5 (May 2001): 409–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0965-9978(00)00101-0.

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17

Rackl, Michael, and Kevin J. Hanley. "A methodical calibration procedure for discrete element models." Powder Technology 307 (February 2017): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2016.11.048.

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18

Baines, M. J. "An Analysis of the Moving Finite-Element Procedure." SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis 28, no. 5 (October 1991): 1323–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/0728070.

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19

Bottauscio, O., M. Chiampi, and A. Manzin. "A Finite Element Procedure for Dynamic Micromagnetic Computations." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 44, no. 11 (November 2008): 3149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2008.2001666.

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20

Heller, M., R. Kaye, and L. R. F. Rose. "A gradientless finite element procedure for shape optimization." Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 34, no. 5 (July 1999): 323–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0309324991513669.

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21

Hashagen, F., J. C. J. Schellekens, R. de Borst, and H. Parisch. "Finite element procedure for modelling fibre metal laminates." Composite Structures 32, no. 1-4 (January 1995): 255–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0263-8223(95)00083-6.

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22

Desai, I. D., and V. S. Chandrasekaran. "Semianalytical finite element procedure for nonlinear material behaviour." Computers & Structures 23, no. 1 (1986): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-7949(86)90102-1.

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23

Humbert, P., S. H. Lo, and P. Mestat. "New acceleration procedure for finite element elastoplastic analysis." International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts 26, no. 2 (March 1989): 75–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(89)90206-4.

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24

Nithiarasu, P. "An adaptive finite element procedure for solidification problems." Heat and Mass Transfer 36, no. 3 (May 29, 2000): 223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002310050389.

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25

Baylot, James T. "Fully Coupled FE Analyses of Buried Structures." Shock and Vibration 1, no. 5 (1994): 451–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1994/451071.

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Current procedures for determining the response of buried structures to the effects of the detonation of buried high explosives recommend decoupling the free-field stress analysis from the structure response analysis. A fully coupled (explosive–soil structure) finite element analysis procedure was developed so that the accuracies of current decoupling procedures could be evaluated. Comparisons of the results of analyses performed using this procedure with scale-model experiments indicate that this finite element procedure can be used to effectively evaluate the accuracies of the methods currently being used to decouple the free-field stress analysis from the structure response analysis.

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26

Yu, G. Y., S. T. Lie, and S. C. Fan. "Stable Boundary Element Method/Finite Element Method Procedure for Dynamic Fluid–Structure Interactions." Journal of Engineering Mechanics 128, no. 9 (September 2002): 909–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9399(2002)128:9(909).

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27

Bibel, G. D., A. Kumar, S. Reddy, and R. Handschuh. "Contact Stress Analysis of Spiral Bevel Gears Using Finite Element Analysis." Journal of Mechanical Design 117, no. 2A (June 1, 1995): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2826128.

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A procedure is presented for performing three-dimensional stress analysis of spiral bevel gears in mesh using the finite element method. The procedure involves generating a finite element model by solving equations that identify tooth surface coordinates. Coordinate transformations are used to orientate the gear and pinion for gear meshing. Contact boundary conditions are simulated with gap elements. A solution technique for correct orientation of the gap elements is given. Example models and results are presented.

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28

Jiang, L., and M. W. Chernuka. "A CO-ROTATIONAL FORMULATION FOR GEOMETRICALLY NONLINEAR FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF SPATIAL BEAMS." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 18, no. 1 (March 1994): 65–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-1994-0005.

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A co-rotational procedure is presented in this paper for handling arbitrarily large three-dimensional rotations associated with geometrically nonlinear analysis of spatial beam structures. This procedure has been incorporated into two commonly used 3-D beam elements, the 2-node cubic beam element and the 3-node superparametric beam element, in our in-house general purpose finite element program, VAST. In the present procedure, the element tangent stiffness matrices are generated by using the standard updated Lagrangian formulation, while a co-rotational formulation is employed to update the internal force vectors during the Newton-Raphson iterations, A number of example problems have been analyzed and the result are in good agreement with analytical or published numerical solutions.

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29

Al-Manaseer, A. A., and K. W. Nasser. "Analysis of beams with large openings using nonlinear finite element procedure." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 14, no. 3 (June 1, 1987): 302–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l87-048.

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The object of this paper was to use a nonlinear plane stress finite element procedure to predict the behaviour of simply supported reinforced concrete beams with a large opening, under mid-span static loading. In the finite element analysis, parabolic isoparametric elements were used in conjunction with the discrete bar formulation. A smeared cracking approach was included and concrete under different states of stress was modelled by using individual models that were incorporated to represent a biaxial state of stress. Reinforcing steel was modelled by using a uniaxial elastoplastic strain-hardening curve. Test results showed that the above approach was found to be satisfactory in predicting the load–deflection curves, crack patterns, and ultimate loads for this type of beam. Key words: beams, cracking, endochronic theory, finite element method, load deflection, nonlinear analysis, openings, reinforced concrete, ultimate load.

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30

Adam, Brian, and Sorin Mitran. "Data-Driven Finite Element Models of Passive Filamentary Networks." Complexity 2018 (November 1, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6878265.

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A data-driven procedure is introduced to construct finite element models of heterogeneous systems for which an accurate microscopic description is available. A filter to define coarsened finite element nodal values is defined from the principal modes obtained by singular value decomposition of the microscopic data. The resulting finite element nodal values are subsequently used to reconstruct local linearization of the system behavior, defining drag and stiffness matrices for an overdamped system. The procedure is exemplified for an actin mesh described by Brownian dynamics and eight-node cuboid finite elements but is generally applicable with respect to both the microscopic model and the type of finite element approximation. In contrast to standard finite element formulations derived from hypotheses on assumed deformation behavior, the data-driven procedure introduced here is completely determined by the observed behavior be it obtained from simulations or experiment.

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31

Eversman, W., and G. Ricci. "A Multiple Degree of Freedom Cavity Element for Acoustic Transmission Lines." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 110, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3269484.

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Mathematical modelling of acoustic transmission lines containing elements which can be represented by their acoustic modes is considered. Of particular interest are tapered elements and acoustic cavities which operate at frequencies above which a simple volume expansion representation or a plane wave representation is adequate. An element matrix formulation is given which is suitable for inclusion in the Acoustic Wave Finite Element assembly procedure, or with suitable modifications, to the more traditional transfer matrix approach. Numerical examples are provided demonstrating the accuracy of the procedure.

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32

Silva Dias, Fernando J., Valéria C. Barbosa, and João B. Silva. "3D gravity inversion through an adaptive-learning procedure." GEOPHYSICS 74, no. 3 (May 2009): I9—I21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3092775.

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We have developed a gravity inversion method to estimate a 3D density-contrast distribution producing strongly interfering gravity anomalies. The interpretation model consists of a grid of 3D vertical, juxtaposed prisms in the horizontal and vertical directions. Iteratively, our approach estimates the 3D density-contrast distribution that fits the observed anomaly within the measurement errors and favors compact gravity sources closest to prespecified geometric elements such as axes and points. This method retrieves the geometry of multiple gravity sources whose density contrasts (positive and negative values) are prescribed by the interpreter through the geometric element. At the first iteration, we set an initial interpretation model and specify the first-guess geometric elements and their target density contrasts. Each geometric element operates as the first-guess skeletal outline of the entire homogeneous gravity source or any of its homogeneous parts to be reconstructed. From the second iteration on, our method automatically redefines a new set of geometric elements, the associated target density contrasts, and a new interpretation model whose number of prisms increases with the iteration. The iteration stops when the geometries of the estimated sources are invariant along successive iterations. Tests on synthetic data from geometrically complex bodies and on field data collected over a mafic-ultramafic body and a volcanogenic sedimentary sequence located in the Tocantins Province, Brazil, confirmed the potential of our method in producing a sharp image of multiple and adjacent bodies.

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33

Deb, Debasis, and Kamal C. Das. "Bolt-Grout Interactions in Elastoplastic Rock Mass Using Coupled FEM-FDM Techniques." Advances in Civil Engineering 2010 (2010): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/149810.

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Numerical procedure based on finite element method (FEM) and finite difference method (FDM) for the analysis of bolt-grout interactions are introduced in this paper. The finite element procedure incorporates elasto-plastic concepts with Hoek and Brown yield criterion and has been applied for rock mass. Bolt-grout interactions are evaluated based on finite difference method and are embedded in the elasto-plastic procedures of FEM. The experimental validation of the proposed FEM-FDM procedures and numerical examples of a bolted tunnel are provided to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method for practical applications.

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34

Soudier, Luc, and Jean-Michel Mermet. "Use of Normalized Relative Line Intensities for Qualitative and Semi-Quantitative Analysis in Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry Using a Custom Segmented-Array Charge-Coupled Device Detector. Part I: Principle and Feasibility." Applied Spectroscopy 49, no. 10 (October 1995): 1478–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702953965623.

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A procedure is described to conduct qualitative analysis in inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry even in the presence of spectral interferences. This procedure is based on the use of both line correlation and normalized relative line intensities of given elements. When spectral interferences due to a major element are observed for an analyte, use of multiple linear regression of the normalized relative line intensities of both the analyte and the major element provides information about the certainty of the presence of the analyte and the relative concentration between the major element and the analyte. Direct peaking and automatic background correction are required for this procedure. In this instance, no information is necessary about the shape of the line profile. This procedure has been tested with an echelle grating-based dispersive system equipped with a custom segmented-array charge-coupled device detector.

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35

Mercer, Gregory E., and Jeffrey A. Hurlbut. "A Multiresidue Pesticide Monitoring Procedure Using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry and Selected Ion Monitoring for the Determination of Pesticides Containing Nitrogen, Sulfur, and/or Oxygen in Fruits and Vegetables." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 87, no. 5 (September 1, 2004): 1224–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/87.5.1224.

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Abstract A procedure for the analysis of over 100 pesticides that only contain combinations of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen (i.e., no phosphorous or halogen atoms) has been developed. The procedure employs gas chromatography with a mass selective detector (GC/MSD), electron impact ionization, and selected ion monitoring. This GC/MSD procedure provided lower limits of quantitation and increased confirmational data compared to the traditional element-selective GC procedures that are commonly used for the detection of this “class” of pesticides. These analytical improvements were demonstrated by 26 pesticides that were detected at ng/g levels in a variety of fruit and vegetable matrixes using this procedure; these pesticides were missed by the traditional element-selective GC procedures. Validation of the procedure was performed using acetone extraction with solid-phase extraction cleanup. Twenty representative target pesticides were used to demonstrate repeatability and linearity of the chromatographic response and recovery from fruit and vegetable matrixes.

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36

Alshoaibi, Abdulnaser M., M. S. A. Hadi, and A. K. Ariffin. "An adaptive finite element procedure for crack propagation analysis." Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE A 8, no. 2 (February 2007): 228–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1631/jzus.2007.a0228.

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37

Ruiz de Galarreta, Sergio, Jonathan R. T. Jeffers, and Shaaz Ghouse. "A validated finite element analysis procedure for porous structures." Materials & Design 189 (April 2020): 108546. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2020.108546.

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38

Kanev, S., F. Weber, and M. Verhaegen. "Experimental validation of a finite-element model updating procedure." Journal of Sound and Vibration 300, no. 1-2 (February 2007): 394–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2006.05.043.

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39

Walter, Miguel A. T., and Philip R. Owen. "Element Potential-Based Procedure for Metamodeling of Combustion Products." Journal of Propulsion and Power 30, no. 6 (November 2014): 1711–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.b35189.

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40

Lo, S. H., and C. K. Lee. "Selective regional refinement procedure for adaptive finite element analysis." Computers & Structures 68, no. 4 (August 1998): 325–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0045-7949(98)00086-8.

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41

Rogovoy, A. A. "The stress recovery procedure for the finite element method." Computers & Structures 63, no. 6 (June 1997): 1121–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0045-7949(96)00405-1.

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42

Tanov, Romil, and Ala Tabiei. "Finite element implementation of a new sandwich homogenization procedure." Composite Structures 50, no. 1 (September 2000): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0263-8223(00)00071-4.

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43

Ling, Hoe I., Fumio Tatsuoka, and Masaru Tateyama. "Simulating Performance of GRS-RW by Finite-Element Procedure." Journal of Geotechnical Engineering 121, no. 4 (April 1995): 330–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9410(1995)121:4(330).

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Robbins, Elizabeth, and Paul A. Meyers. "Ionizing radiation: An element of danger in every procedure." Pediatric Blood & Cancer 55, no. 3 (May 18, 2010): 397–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pbc.22638.

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Yamada, Takahiro. "Finite element procedure of initial shape determination for hyperelasticity." Structural Engineering and Mechanics 6, no. 2 (March 25, 1998): 173–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/sem.1998.6.2.173.

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Har, Jason, and Robert E. Fulton. "A parallel finite element procedure for contact-impact problems." Engineering with Computers 19, no. 2-3 (August 1, 2003): 67–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00366-003-0252-4.

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Zitelli, Pablo N., Gabriel N. Curtosi, and Jorge Kuster. "Rolling Resistance Calculation Procedure Using the Finite Element Method." Tire Science and Technology 48, no. 3 (October 4, 2019): 224–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/tire.19.170158.

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ABSTRACT Tire engineers are interested in predicting rolling resistance using tools such as numerical simulation and tests. When a car is driven along, its tires are subjected to repeated deformation, leading to energy dissipation as heat. Each point of a loaded tire is deformed as the tire completes a revolution. Most energy dissipation comes from the cyclic loading of the tire, which causes the rolling resistance in addition to the friction force in the contact patch between the tire and road. Rolling resistance mainly depends on the dissipation of viscoelastic energy of the rubber materials used to manufacture the tires. To obtain a good rolling resistance, the calculation method of the tire finite element model must take into account temperature changes. It is mandatory to calibrate all of the rubber compounds of the tire at different temperatures and strain frequencies. Linear viscoelasticity is used to model the materials properties and is found to be a suitable approach to tackle energy dissipation due to hysteresis for rolling resistance calculation.

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Brezzi, F., and M. Fortin. "A minimal stabilisation procedure for mixed finite element methods." Numerische Mathematik 89, no. 3 (September 2001): 457–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/pl00005475.

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Cai, Song Bai, Da Zhi Li, Chang Wan Kim, and Pu Sheng Shen. "A Simple Numerical Solution Procedure for Equations of Nonlinear Finite Element Method." Advanced Materials Research 889-890 (February 2014): 187–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.889-890.187.

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The conventional solution strategy for nonlinear FEM of structural analysis is usually based on Newton-Raphson iteration under an additional constraint equation. So far a lot of nonlinear finite element solution procedures have been devised to provide the basis for most nonlinear finite element computer programs. In order to produce effective, robust solution algorithms, additional constraint equations for nonlinear FEM calculations in the load-displacement space of has been extensively investigated for the last a few decades. However, it is widely believed that due to the additional computations in the controlling of steps and directions of the iteration procedure, there will be more round-off errors accumulated to influence the convergence of solution. In this work, a more simplified solution procedure is presented, which is featured to be with neither iterations nor constraints. A Fortran computer program of the algorithm presented has been implemented in combining with a space truss element of co-rotational procedure. Verification of the procedure has been done by numerical example and a good result achieved.

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Gallego, Rafael, and Jose´ Dominguez. "Dynamic Crack Propagation Analysis by Moving Singular Boundary Elements." Journal of Applied Mechanics 59, no. 2S (June 1, 1992): S158—S162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2899481.

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An efficient boundary element procedure for the dynamic analysis of crack propagation in unbounded and arbitrary shape finite bodies is presented. The procedure is based on the direct time domain formulation of the boundary element method. A moving singular element and a remeshing technique have been developed to model the asymptotic solution of the stresses near the propagating crack tip. These ideas are easily implemented for a boundary discretization as opposed to similar procedures previously developed in a finite element context. The method is applied to problems of dynamic crack propagation in finite and infinite elastic domains. The obtained numerical results are compared with infinite domain analytical solutions and with available numerical solutions for finite domains.

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