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1
Nadira, Khawaja, Sagheer Sumaira, Piracha Mujtaba, and Aga Khan Rural Support Programme (Pakistan), eds. Harnessing the elements: Successes in mountain infrastructure and engineering. Aga Khan Rural Support Programme, 2002.
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2
L, Wheeler Russell, Rhea Susan, and Tarr Arthur C, eds. Elements of infrastructure and seismic hazard in the central United States. U.S. G.P.O., 1994.
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3
Office, General Accounting. Best practices: Elements critical to reducing successfully unneeded RDT&E infrastructure : report to Congressional requesters. The Office, 1998.
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4
Vlasov, Vladimir, Veniamin Bogumil, and Ali Baytulaev. Digital infrastructure and telematics systems for monitoring the maintenance of roads. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1014643.
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The textbook gives the concept of digital infrastructure, shows its role as the technological basis of modern telematics systems for monitoring the maintenance of roads. The issues of creating and using elements of digital infrastructure in the road sector, as well as technological processes of automated control of maintenance of roads, streets, and highways are considered. The requirements for the main functions and characteristics of the telematics equipment of road vehicles and mechanisms are given.
 The material of the manual is based on the results of theoretical research and practical work on the creation and implementation of automated control systems for the maintenance of roads.
 Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
 For students studying in technical areas of training and specialties.
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author, Smirnova Aliaksandra, and Harris Sebastian author, eds. Infrastructural nature: Five-elements park. Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelonatech, 2019.
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6
Colorado. Office of Public and Private Initiatives. and Coopers & Lybrand., eds. Guide to health plan ground rules and cooperative infrastructure elements for health care coverage cooperatives created pursuant to sections 6-18-101 to 6-18-401, C.R.S. The Office, 1995.
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7
Gräf, Peter. Information und Kommunikation als Elemente der Raumstruktur. M. Lassleben, 1988.
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8
1947-, Bolle Friedel, Todt Horst, and Gesellschaft für Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften, Verein für Socialpolitik., eds. Elemente der ökonomischen Raumstruktur. Duncker & Humblot, 1995.
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9
South Carolina. Division of Regional Development., ed. State infrastructure plan for South Carolina: Water and wastewater element. S.C. State Budget and Control Board, Division of Regional Development, 2001.
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10
R, Corban Robert, Willoughby A. J, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Technology requirements for an orbiting fuel depot--a necessary element of a space infrastructure. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1988.
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11
Ojeda, Alberto Ruiz. La participación del sector privado en la financiación de infraestructuras y equipamientos públicos: Francia, Reino Unido y España : elementos comparativos para un debate. Civitas, 2000.
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12
Groshev, Igor', and Evgeniy Korchagin. Tourism for the elderly. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1027444.
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The monograph proposes a methodology of new marketing, structural and economic-management approaches for tourism organizations in the modern conjuncture of tourism for the elderly. Approaches that take into account the consumer behavior of older people and other age groups, retired, proposed in this paper, can be more effectively used to involve these categories in tourism. 
 The aging of the population and demographic changes in the structure of consumers of tourist products require Russian travel companies to optimize their approaches and strategies, rebuild the tourism infrastructure to organize the supply of products in demand in the world tourism market that meet the needs of older people. The assessment of relevance of tourist products and their elements to requirements of elderly tourists is presented.
 It is intended for teachers, postgraduates and students of higher educational institutions, specialists in the organization of tourist activities, heads of travel agencies, researchers and all those who are interested in the development of tourism activities.
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Homeland Security. Subcommittee on Transportation Security and Infrastructure Protection, ed. Enhancing and implementing the cybersecurity elements of the sector-specific plans: Joint hearing before the Subcommittee on Emerging Threats, Cybersecurity, and Science and Technology joint with the Subcommittee on Transportation Security and Infrastructure protection of the Committee on Homeland Security, House of Representatives, One Hundred Tenth Congress, first session, October 31, 2007. U.S. G.P.O., 2009.
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14
Novosel'cev, Viktor, Sergey Kochedykov, Dar'ya Orlova, Kirill Plyuschik, L. Rossihina, and I. Goncharov. Conflict-active project management for the development of information security systems of infocommunication networks. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1921360.
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The object of study in the monograph is the conflict "information security system of infocommunication networks of critical socio-economic infrastructure objects — an attacker (criminal element)". The subject of the research is the development of a methodology for conflict-active project management for the development of information security systems for these networks, including models for supporting project decision-making. The theoretical basis of the above is the provisions of system analysis, the theory of management and decision-making, the theory of active systems, the theory of information security, the theory of mathematical modeling and conflict.
 It is intended for researchers and specialists dealing with the problems of ensuring information security of infocommunication networks of socio-economic profile objects. It will be useful for graduate students and undergraduates studying in the scientific specialty 2.3.6 "Methods and systems of information protection, information security".
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Eremeeva, Lyudmila, and N. Bol'shakov. Transport logistics. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/993518.
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The textbook examines the theoretical and methodological foundations of transport logistics in practical interaction with other functional areas in the promotion of material flow using the logistics management system and information support of transport infrastructure, as well as logistics service. The materials are presented on the basis of a modern process approach. Practical situational tasks with solution algorithms, tests to verify the knowledge gained, topics of abstracts for independent work are given.
 Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
 It is intended for undergraduate students of the training directions 23.03.01 "Technology of transport processes", 23.03.03 "Operation of transport and technological machines and complexes" of all forms of education. Since efficient transportation is an integral element of the production process, it can be used by specialists involved in the organization of transportation and its management, regardless of the industry orientation.
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J, Lioy Paul, Daisey J. M, and Airborne Toxic Element and Organic Substances Project (N.J.), eds. Toxic air pollution: A comprehensive study of non-criteria air pollutants. Lewis Publishers, 1987.
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17
Financial Market Utilities and Key Financial Market Infrastructure Elements. Nova Novinka, 2013.
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18
Buchanan, Albert. Vehicle-to-Infrastructure Technologies: Elements, Deployment Challenges, and Safety Applications. Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated, 2016.
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19
Rezendes, Victor S. Best Practices: Elements Critical to Successfully Reducing Unneeded Rdtande Infrastructure. Diane Pub Co, 1998.
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20
U. S. Credit Reporting System: Elements, Infrastructure, and Key Processes. Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated, 2013.
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21
Elements of infrastructure and seismic hazard in the Central United States--database. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1995.
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22
Véron, Adrien. Brazil - Improving the Appraisal Framework for Road Transport Infrastructure Investments : Elements for Consideration. World Bank, Washington, DC, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1596/17454.
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23
Salleh, Dani, and Mazlan Ismail. Infrastructure procurement framework for local authority. UUM Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/9789670474434.
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The spread of infrastructure requirements and variety in mechanisms used to secure contributions (infrastructure provision) from private sector was a reflection of the institutional framework in planning system.The study has identified that although both private and local authorities have a good understanding of the fundamental of concept of local infrastructure provision and the arguments for and against the use of private provision, there are still considerable areas of uncertainty surrounding the precise definition (as prescribed in the relevant legislations) and measurements of the key elements pertaining to local infrastructure.The findings revealed that the previous studies has tended to examine the nature of the practice of the infrastructure delivery within the framework of national economy and very little focus has been given to a comprehensive examination on how private developers can be involved in local infrastructure development.The primary problem is that there is no single framework available at the local level that might be considered or applied to secure infrastructure from private developers.The study then provides the parameters for securing contributions towards infrastructure provision. To achieve a complete understanding of this issue, it is necessary to appreciate the broader picture of what is required in terms of infrastructure for the operation of the urban environment.
24
Elements of Industrial Hazards: Health, Safety and Environment. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2010.
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25
Haq, Khadija, ed. Key Elements of the New International Economic Order. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199474684.003.0013.
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In the chapter, Mahbub ul Haq spells out his ideas for the key elements in the new international economic order. He points towards creation of key institutions that need to be created for bringing about the new order—a single world development authority to ensure global equality of opportunity; an international central bank, for creation and regulation of international currency; an international trade organization to ensure greater market access for developing countries, for more control over trading infrastructure and for free movement of labour and other goods and services; and a world food authority to ensure that food is available to all. To him the creation of an international central bank, which allows developing countries to control some of the sources of finance, was crucial for the restructuring of the world economic order.
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Elements of industrial hazards: Health, safety, environment, and loss prevention. CRC Press/Balkema, 2011.
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27
Jue, Melody, and Rafico Ruiz, eds. Saturation. Duke University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/9781478013044.
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Bringing together media studies and environmental humanities, the contributors to Saturation develop saturation as a heuristic to analyze phenomena in which the elements involved are difficult or impossible to separate. In ordinary language, saturation describes the condition of being thoroughly soaked, while in chemistry it is the threshold at which something can be maximally dissolved or absorbed in a solution. Contributors to this collection expand notions of saturation beyond water to consider saturation in sound, infrastructure, media, Big Data, capitalism, and visual culture. Essays include analyses of the thresholds of HIV detectability in bloodwork, militarism's saturation of oceans, and the deleterious effects of the saturation of cellphone and wi-fi signals into the human body. By channeling saturation to explore the relationship between media, the environment, technology, capital, and the legacies of settler colonialism, Saturation illuminates how elements, the natural world, and anthropogenic infrastructures, politics, and processes exist in and through each other. Contributors. Marija Cetinić, Jeff Diamanti, Bishnupriya Ghosh, Lisa Yin Han, Stefan Helmreich, Mél Hogan, Melody Jue, Rahul Mukherjee, Max Ritts, Rafico Ruiz, Bhaskar Sarkar, John Shiga, Avery Slater, Janet Walker, Joanna Zylinska
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Border security: Infrastructure, technology, and the human element. U.S. G.P.O., 2009.
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29
Cox, Peter, and Till Koglin, eds. The Politics of Cycling Infrastructure. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447345152.001.0001.
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Academic texts on cycling research are expanding rapidly. A dominant theme among these is the use of infrastructure measures to assist promotion of cycling as part of a movement towards sustainable mobility. Physical infrastructure is currently posited as the primary key to unlock cycling’s potential as a primary mode of sustainable transport. Individual studies rarely stand together to be read back to back, in order to allow comparison between them. The privilege of academic conferences is that they allow the attendee to compare and contrast different academic agendas and concerns of researchers, and to engage in conversation between them. This volume provides a comparative assessment of existing and historic struggles over cycling infrastructure. The aim of this volume is to bring a selection of those parallel voices together and to initiate that dialogue for a wider audience. It is argued that planning is one element of the operation, but what results is often very different from even the most comprehensive strategic imagination. Underlying this chaos however, is a lurking sense that the broader lessons of infrastructure provision for cycling needs to be connected with the political analyses of infrastructuring that derive from wider studies. The book concludes that infrastructures are in constantly in flux, contentious and contended. Furthermore, it concludes that politics is also embodied; lived out in the spaces of mundane and everyday travel.
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Pomerantz, Jeffrey, and Jason Griffey. Standards. The MIT Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/14199.001.0001.
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An engaging introduction to standards, the invisible infrastructure that shapes the built and digital environments of the modern world. Standards are the DNA of the built environment, encoded in nearly all objects that surround us in the modern world. In Standards, Jeffrey Pomerantz and Jason Griffey provide an essential introduction to this invisible but critical form of infrastructure—the rules and specifications that govern so many elements of the physical and digital environments, from the color of school buses to the shape of shipping containers. In an approachable, often outright funny fashion, Pomerantz and Griffey explore the nature, function, and effect of standards in everyday life. Using examples of specific standards and contexts in which they are applied—in the realms of technology, economics, sociology, and information science—they illustrate how standards influence the development and scope, and indeed the very range of possibilities of our built and social worlds. Deeply informed and informally written, their work makes a subject generally deemed boring, complex, and fundamentally important comprehensible, clear, and downright engaging.
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Barnard, John Levi. In Plain Sight. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190663599.003.0003.
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This chapter elaborates three primary elements of “black classicism” that African American writers, editors, and activists would develop in relation to dominant modes of classicism and monumental culture: the appropriation of the classically inflected rhetoric of revolutionary liberty to the cause of radical abolitionism; the critical juxtaposition of the neoclassical architecture of national buildings and monuments with images of the infrastructure of slavery; and the imaginative transformation of these buildings and monuments from icons of democracy and civilization to symbols of imperial hubris and harbingers of ruin. The chapter traces these developments through the pages of black newspapers and abolitionist polemics by radical figures such as David Walker, Henry Highland Garnet, and especially William Wells Brown. Brown draws together all the elements of antebellum black classicism in writings across a number of genres, from memoir and travel narrative to moving panorama, antislavery lecture, and finally his novel Clotel.
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Natalie, Lichtenstein. 3 Mandate. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198821960.003.0003.
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Chapter 3, Mandate, discusses the provisions in the AIIB Charter that encapsulate AIIB’s mandate. These provisions address the overarching objectives that the Prospective Founding Members saw for AIIB. The Chapter explains the Preamble to the AIIB Charter, and compares it with other Charters. Then the separate clauses that govern AIIB’s legal purpose and AIIB’s functions are described, and also compared to the similar clauses for other multilateral development banks. Key elements are regional economic development, development finance, infrastructure investment, supplementing private finance and multilateral collaboration. AIIB’s cooperation arrangements with other international organizations are summarized. This Chapter concludes by enumerating the clauses in the AIIB Charter where the purpose and functions have particular legal significance, setting a framework for AIIB to evolve into new areas and functions.
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Hyde-Price, Adrian. The Common Security and Defence Policy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198790501.003.0023.
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Since the late 1990s, EU member states have committed themselves to deeper and more structured military cooperation, within the framework of the ESDP/CSDP. At the same time, European defence budgets have shrunk and military capabilities reduced. This chapter analyses the evolution of European military cooperation and identifies its key drivers and the changing strategic context to Europe’s east and south. The chapter argues that the emergence of a credible EU military capability will depend both on developing new defence synergies and on investment in critical military capabilities and infrastructure. Above all, however, it requires greater political cohesion and a common European strategic culture. Elements of a shared strategic culture have emerged, but substantial differences remain among EU member states. The chapter concludes by highlighting the crucial role of Europe’s major states in fostering defence and security cooperation, particularly the UK, France, and Germany.
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Fratzscher, Marcel. A fiscally virtuous government? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190676575.003.0005.
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A third success story of Germany has been the impressive fiscal consolidation. This is no small achievement: the global financial crisis and the subsequent European crisis put many European governments under massive pressure to support their economies in order to avoid an even deeper crisis. The chapter shows that fiscal consolidation and public debt reduction are not always virtues. Cutting spending and raising taxes can, in fact, be disastrous during periods of crisis or recession. Fiscal austerity can be destabilizing and trigger a vicious cycle of low supply and low demand, thereby turning out to be counterproductive by weakening potential growth and long-term investment. Fiscal consolidation may be harmful to the long-term potential of an economy and to welfare if it cuts the most productive public spending on education or infrastructure, for example. Assessing German fiscal policy over the past decade reveals that all these elements apply to Germany.
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Natalie, Lichtenstein. A Comparative Guide to the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198821960.001.0001.
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The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) opened for business in 2016, as a $100 billion multilateral development bank (MDB) that finances public and private infrastructure projects for Asia. AIIB’s founders, led by China, span Asia, Europe and the Middle East—now a global footprint. A Comparative Guide to the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank examines AIIB through the lens of its Charter, focusing on its mandate, investment operations, membership, finance, governance, and institutional set-up. Separate chapters explain how each element matters for MDBs generally, then analyze the related AIIB text, and compare the provisions and practice of its predecessors. These chapters expound upon the reasons behind AIIB’s legal provisions and offer detailed analyses of the similarities and differences with the Charters of the World Bank and regional MDBs (principally, the African Development Bank, Asian Development Bank, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, and the Inter-American Development Bank). Introductory and highlights chapters tell how AIIB was founded and summarize its key features. A chapter on Transitions recounts AIIB’s path from agreement to establishment. Relevant themes from MDB histories are outlined as a guide to AIIB’s future, in a chapter on Reflections. Throughout, text and tables record AIIB’s governance and decisions through December 2017. This book takes apart the AIIB Charter for the general reader and for the specialist—from the perspective of the lawyer who put it together. It’s an inside look at how this new international organization went from concept to reality, and an up-to-date comparative legal guide to MDBs.
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Tauginiené, Loreta, ed. Corporate Social Responsibility and Business Ethics in the Central and Eastern Europe. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845298696.
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This Issue begins with a paper by Kirchmayer, Remišová and Lašáková on ethical leadership in public and private organisations in Slovakia. Authentic leadership and interpersonal conflicts in Poland are further taken up by Sypniewska and Gigol. Perceptions of the ethical climate in Serbian tourism industry are explored by Dragin, Jovanović, Mijatov, Majstorović and Dragin. Prus takes us to the promotion of sustainable agriculture through the focused higher education on agriculture in Poland. Saveanu, Abrudan, Saveanu and Matei call for finding out predictors of CSR in small and medium enterprises operating in Romania. Potocan, Mulej and Nedelko at-tempt empirical investigation of employees’ attitudes towards natural, social and economic aspects of CSR in Slovenian organisations during two periods – economic crisis and recovery for a post-transition context. Rybnikova and Toleikienė turn to formal and informal elements of ethics management infrastructure in Lithuanian local government. This Issue concludes with a research note on the development towards corporate sustainability (morality and responsibility) in Estonian business by Kooskora and Cundiff.
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Springer, Paul J., ed. Encyclopedia of Cyber Warfare. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400636462.
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This definitive reference resource on cyber warfare covers all aspects of this headline topic, providing historical context of cyber warfare and an examination its rapid development into a potent technological weapon of the 21st century. Today, cyber warfare affects everyone–from governments that need to protect sensitive political and military information, to businesses small and large that stand to collectively lose trillions of dollars each year to cyber crime, to individuals whose privacy, assets, and identities are subject to intrusion and theft. The problem is monumental and growing exponentially. Encyclopedia of Cyber Warfare provides a complete overview of cyber warfare, which has been used with increasing frequency in recent years by such countries as China, Iran, Israel, North Korea, Russia, and the United States. Readers will gain an understanding of the origins and development of cyber warfare and of how it has become a major strategic element in warfare for countries throughout the world. The encyclopedia's entries cover all of the most significant cyber attacks to date, including the Stuxnet worm that successfully disabled centrifuges in Iran's Natanz uranium enrichment facility; the attack on Israel's internet infrastructure during its January 2009 military offensive in the Gaza Strip; the worldwide ""Red October"" cyber attack that stole information from embassies, research firms, military installations, and nuclear and other energy infrastructures; and cyber attacks on private corporations like Sony.
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Hoagland, Alison K. The Bathroom. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400616747.
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This book gives a complete history of the American bathroom and describes how the smallest yet most complex room in the American house is at the nexus of personal behavior and public investment. The Bathroom: A Social History of Cleanliness and the Body is the first scholarly treatment of the American bathroom—as a space in the house, through nearly two centuries. After a brief nod to precedents set by other countries and to elements of the bathroom that may be placed in different parts of the house, this book traces the development of the bathroom in the American house since the Civil War, when the bathroom began to take shape. The bathroom is considered in light of many socially relevant themes, such as cleanliness, sanitation, technology, and consumerism. Taken as a whole, the book bridges the gap between the public and private infrastructure of the bathroom and reveals the ways in which the space transforms its occupants into consumers. Its language is jargon-free, making it ideal for students, general readers, and researchers.
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Zbikowski, Lawrence M. Foundations of Musical Grammar. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190653637.001.0001.
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This volume makes a unique contribution to music theory by building on recent research in cognitive science and theoretical perspectives adopted from cognitive linguistics to present an account of the foundations of musical grammar. Musical grammar is conceived of as a species of construction grammar, in which grammatical elements are form-function pairs. In the case of music, basic constructions are sonic analogs for dynamic processes that are central to human cultures. This volume focuses on three such processes: those related to emotions, to gestures, and to dance. The first chapter introduces the volume and explains how this approach connects with previous work in music theory. The second chapter reviews research on analogy and shows how it provides a basis for analogical reference, which is fundamental to musical grammar. The third chapter describes the connection between music and the emotions facilitated by analogical reference. The fourth chapter explores connections between human gesture and musical utterances, and shows how both rely on the infrastructure for human communication that is also exploited by language. The fifth chapter demonstrates how music provides sonic analogs for the steps of social dances, and how music combined with dance has been used to structure social interactions. The sixth chapter focuses on the combination of language and music that occurs in songs, making clear how the different grammatical resources offered by music and language shape how meaning is constructed in songs. Detailed musical analyses are offered in each chapter, as well as summaries of the basic elements of musical grammar.
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Slinger, Jill. Building with Nature & Beyond: Principles for designing nature based engineering solutions. TU Delft Open, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5074/t.2021.006.
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This book is based upon the edX MOOCs Engineering: Building with Nature and Beyond Engineering: Building with Nature. The Engineering: Building with Nature MOOC, explores the use of natural materials and ecological processes in achieving effective and sustainable hydraulic infrastructure designs, distilling Engineering and Ecological Design Principles. In the Beyond Engineering: Building with Nature course, the missing element of Social Design Principles is developed and taught. Join us in exploring the interface between hydraulic engineering, nature and society!
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Napier, Nancy K., and Mikael Nilsson. The Creative Discipline. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400633447.
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Why are some organizations more creative than others? What sets innovative, high-performing organizations apart? Can creativity and innovation be learned and enhanced? The answer to the last question, say creativity experts Nancy Napier and Mikael Nilsson, is a resounding yes. And with general consensus that creativity and innovation drive business growth, fostering creativity couldn't be more important. In The Creative Discipline, Napier and Nilsson illustrate six key factors that power creative, high-achieving organizations, and they provide managers with guidelines for incorporating those factors into their own companies. Business people will learn how innovative organizations get superior results from employees not just through disciplined methods of thinking, but also through free-flowing work spaces and work practices that help supercharge the imagination. Combining research on creative organizations in several sectors, this book argues that innovative organizations known for doing things differently (and profitably) approach creativity and innovation in similar, disciplined ways, regardless of industry or field. That discipline fosters new ideas, solutions, and approaches, and it ensures that the flow of creativity is constant. The Creative Discipline demonstrates that: -Innovative, high-performing organizations have three disciplines in common: (1) within discipline mastery, (2) out of discipline thinking, and (3) a disciplined process that leads to innovation. -Innovative organizations also have three factors that strengthen the creative disciplines: faces (creative entrepreneurs, leaders, and teams); places (the physical and organizational infrastructure that is reflected in offices, buildings, and location); and traces (elements that act as catalysts for creativity—the culture, networks, and policies that support creative and innovative endeavors). The book explains each factor for creative success in detail. Best, Napier and Nilsson show creativity and innovation at work in a range of sectors from sports to software to theater and contemporary circus. They also show how innovative practices in developed countries like the U.S. and Sweden compare to those in developing countries like Vietnam. Companies can learn to innovate and in the process reap benefits like higher sales and profits, greater productivity—while regaining a valuable element missing in so many workplaces: fun.
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Barreiros Proença, Sérgio, and Francesca Dal Cin. [entra]mar Sesimbra. A vila entretecida com o mar. The sea intertwined city. AEAULP - Academia de Escolas de Arquitectura e Urbanismo de Língua Portuguesa, 2024. https://doi.org/10.70238/krl345x.
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Catalogue of the exhibition “[entra]mar sesimbra. a vila entretecida com o mar. the sea intertwined city”. Entramar is a neologism that combines the prefix em [something that is within], the word trama [a mesh or grid that allows generating and weaving surfaces or ordering space] and the word mar [sea], to which, apparently, we all return someday. “[entra]mar :: sesimbra” presents a set of elements of characterisation and interpretation of the Sesimbra urban form intertwined with the sea articulated with photographs of the Municipal Archive of Sesimbra, and texts that accompany each of the five chapters the exhibition was organised: place; time; seashore street; sea; entramar. The exhibition was part of the embryo research project “[entra]mar Sea intertwined city. Interpretation and Design of Portuguese Seashore Streets vulnerable to sea level rise” that was developed between 2021 and 2023, funded by FCT (Foundation for Science and Tecnology) through CIAUD (Research Center in Architecture, Urbanism and Design) based at the Lisbon School of Architecture, ULisboa, building up on the MAR research project developed from 2018 onwards. The research contributes to shifting the paradigm from the city by the sea to the “entramar” - the urban form intertwined with the sea, giving Architecture a disciplinary lead role in the agreement of nature, infrastructure and people.
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Ślusarski, Marek. Metody i modele oceny jakości danych przestrzennych. Publishing House of the University of Agriculture in Krakow, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/978-83-66602-30-4.
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The quality of data collected in official spatial databases is crucial in making strategic decisions as well as in the implementation of planning and design works. Awareness of the level of the quality of these data is also important for individual users of official spatial data. The author presents methods and models of description and evaluation of the quality of spatial data collected in public registers. Data describing the space in the highest degree of detail, which are collected in three databases: land and buildings registry (EGiB), geodetic registry of the land infrastructure network (GESUT) and in database of topographic objects (BDOT500) were analyzed. The results of the research concerned selected aspects of activities in terms of the spatial data quality. These activities include: the assessment of the accuracy of data collected in official spatial databases; determination of the uncertainty of the area of registry parcels, analysis of the risk of damage to the underground infrastructure network due to the quality of spatial data, construction of the quality model of data collected in official databases and visualization of the phenomenon of uncertainty in spatial data. The evaluation of the accuracy of data collected in official, large-scale spatial databases was based on a representative sample of data. The test sample was a set of deviations of coordinates with three variables dX, dY and Dl – deviations from the X and Y coordinates and the length of the point offset vector of the test sample in relation to its position recognized as a faultless. The compatibility of empirical data accuracy distributions with models (theoretical distributions of random variables) was investigated and also the accuracy of the spatial data has been assessed by means of the methods resistant to the outliers. In the process of determination of the accuracy of spatial data collected in public registers, the author’s solution was used – resistant method of the relative frequency. Weight functions, which modify (to varying degree) the sizes of the vectors Dl – the lengths of the points offset vector of the test sample in relation to their position recognized as a faultless were proposed. From the scope of the uncertainty of estimation of the area of registry parcels the impact of the errors of the geodetic network points was determined (points of reference and of the higher class networks) and the effect of the correlation between the coordinates of the same point on the accuracy of the determined plot area. The scope of the correction was determined (in EGiB database) of the plots area, calculated on the basis of re-measurements, performed using equivalent techniques (in terms of accuracy). The analysis of the risk of damage to the underground infrastructure network due to the low quality of spatial data is another research topic presented in the paper. Three main factors have been identified that influence the value of this risk: incompleteness of spatial data sets and insufficient accuracy of determination of the horizontal and vertical position of underground infrastructure. A method for estimation of the project risk has been developed (quantitative and qualitative) and the author’s risk estimation technique, based on the idea of fuzzy logic was proposed. Maps (2D and 3D) of the risk of damage to the underground infrastructure network were developed in the form of large-scale thematic maps, presenting the design risk in qualitative and quantitative form. The data quality model is a set of rules used to describe the quality of these data sets. The model that has been proposed defines a standardized approach for assessing and reporting the quality of EGiB, GESUT and BDOT500 spatial data bases. Quantitative and qualitative rules (automatic, office and field) of data sets control were defined. The minimum sample size and the number of eligible nonconformities in random samples were determined. The data quality elements were described using the following descriptors: range, measure, result, and type and unit of value. Data quality studies were performed according to the users needs. The values of impact weights were determined by the hierarchical analytical process method (AHP). The harmonization of conceptual models of EGiB, GESUT and BDOT500 databases with BDOT10k database was analysed too. It was found that the downloading and supplying of the information in BDOT10k creation and update processes from the analyzed registers are limited. An effective approach to providing spatial data sets users with information concerning data uncertainty are cartographic visualization techniques. Based on the author’s own experience and research works on the quality of official spatial database data examination, the set of methods for visualization of the uncertainty of data bases EGiB, GESUT and BDOT500 was defined. This set includes visualization techniques designed to present three types of uncertainty: location, attribute values and time. Uncertainty of the position was defined (for surface, line, and point objects) using several (three to five) visual variables. Uncertainty of attribute values and time uncertainty, describing (for example) completeness or timeliness of sets, are presented by means of three graphical variables. The research problems presented in the paper are of cognitive and application importance. They indicate on the possibility of effective evaluation of the quality of spatial data collected in public registers and may be an important element of the expert system.
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Trepulė, Elena, Airina Volungevičienė, Margarita Teresevičienė, et al. Guidelines for open and online learning assessment and recognition with reference to the National and European qualification framework: micro-credentials as a proposal for tuning and transparency. Vytauto Didžiojo universitetas, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7220/9786094674792.
Full textAbstract:
These Guidelines are one of the results of the four-year research project “Open Online Learning for Digital and Networked Society” (2017-2021). The project objective was to enable university teachers to design open and online learning through open and online learning curriculum and environment applying learning analytics as a metacognitive tool and creating open and online learning assessment and recognition practices, responding to the needs of digital and networked society. The research of the project resulted in 10 scientific publications and 2 studies prepared by Vytautas Magnus university Institute of Innovative Studies research team in collaboration with their international research partners from Germany, Spain and Portugal. The final stage of the research attempted creating open and online learning assessment and recognition practices, responding to the learner needs in contemporary digital and networked society. The need for open learning recognition has been increasing during the recent decade while the developments of open learning related to the Covid 19 pandemics have dramatically increased the need for systematic and high-quality assessment and recognition of learning acquired online. The given time also relates to the increased need to offer micro-credentials to learners, as well as a rising need for universities to prepare for micro-credentialization and issue new digital credentials to learners who are regular students, as well as adult learners joining for single courses. The increased need of all labour - market participants for frequent and fast renewal of competences requires a well working and easy to use system of open learning assessment and recognition. For learners, it is critical that the micro-credentials are well linked to national and European qualification frameworks, as well as European digital credential infrastructures (e.g., Europass and similar). For employers, it is important to receive requested quality information that is encrypted in the metadata of the credential. While for universities, there is the need to properly prepare institutional digital infrastructure, organizational procedures, descriptions of open learning opportunities and virtual learning environments to share, import and export the meta-data easily and seamlessly through European Digital Hub service infrastructures, as well as ensure that academic and administrative staff has digital competencies to design, issue and recognise open learning through digital and micro-credentials. The first chapter of the Guidelines provides a background view of the European Qualification Framework and National Qualification frameworks for the further system of gaining, stacking and modelling further qualifications through open online learning. The second chapter suggests the review of current European policy papers and consultations on the establishment of micro-credentials in European higher education. The findings of the report of micro-credentials higher education consultation group “European Approach to Micro-credentials” is shortly introduced, as well as important policy discussions taking place. Responding to the Rome Bologna Comunique 2020, where the ministers responsible for higher education agreed to support lifelong learning through issuing micro-credentials, a joint endeavour of DG Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion and DG Research and Innovation resulted in one of the most important political documents highlighting the potential of micro-credentials towards economic, social and education innovations. The consultation group of experts from the Member States defined the approach to micro-credentials to facilitate their validation, recognition and portability, as well as to foster a larger uptake to support individual learning in any subject area and at any stage of life or career. The Consultation Group also suggested further urgent topics to be discussed, including the storage, data exchange, portability, and data standards of micro-credentials and proposed EU Standard of constitutive elements of micro-credentials. The third chapter is devoted to the institutional readiness to issue and to recognize digital and micro-credentials. Universities need strategic decisions and procedures ready to be enacted for assessment of open learning and issuing micro-credentials. The administrative and academic staff needs to be aware and confident to follow these procedures while keeping the quality assurance procedures in place, as well. The process needs to include increasing teacher awareness in the processes of open learning assessment and the role of micro-credentials for the competitiveness of lifelong learners in general. When the strategic documents and procedures to assess open learning are in place and the staff is ready and well aware of the processes, the description of the courses and the virtual learning environment needs to be prepared to provide the necessary metadata for the assessment of open learning and issuing of micro-credentials. Different innovation-driven projects offer solutions: OEPass developed a pilot Learning Passport, based on European Diploma Supplement, MicroHE developed a portal Credentify for displaying, verifying and sharing micro-credential data. Credentify platform is using Blockchain technology and is developed to comply with European Qualifications Framework. Institutions, willing to join Credentify platform, should make strategic discussions to apply micro-credential metadata standards. The ECCOE project building on outcomes of OEPass and MicroHE offers an all-encompassing set of quality descriptors for credentials and the descriptions of learning opportunities in higher education. The third chapter also describes the requirements for university structures to interact with the Europass digital credentials infrastructure. In 2020, European Commission launched a new Europass platform with Digital Credential Infrastructure in place. Higher education institutions issuing micro-credentials linked to Europass digital credentials infrastructure may offer added value for the learners and can increase reliability and fraud-resistant information for the employers. However, before using Europass Digital Credentials, universities should fulfil the necessary preconditions that include obtaining a qualified electronic seal, installing additional software and preparing the necessary data templates. Moreover, the virtual learning environment needs to be prepared to export learning outcomes to a digital credential, maintaining and securing learner authentication. Open learning opportunity descriptions also need to be adjusted to transfer and match information for the credential meta-data. The Fourth chapter illustrates how digital badges as a type of micro-credentials in open online learning assessment may be used in higher education to create added value for the learners and employers. An adequately provided metadata allows using digital badges as a valuable tool for recognition in all learning settings, including formal, non-formal and informal.
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Springer, Paul J. Cyber Warfare. Bloomsbury Publishing Inc, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798765109960.
Full textAbstract:
Cyberwarfare, a term that encompasses a wide range of computer-based attacks on targeted enemy states, has emerged as one of the most pressing national security concerns of the 21st century.All around the world, the scramble to shield thoroughly computerized military and infrastructure resources from cyber attacks is intensifying. Military experts, for example, believe that Ukraine's ability to defend its cyberspace from Russian cyber attacks was one of the key reasons Russia's dramatic 2022 invasion of neighboring Ukraine failed to topple the Ukrainian government in Kiev. This all-in-one resource explains the world of cyber warfare in authoritative but lay friendly terms. First, it details the historical evolution of cyber warfare and the different forms it can take, from crippling attacks on power grids and communications networks to secret intelligence gathering. From there it moves into a wide-ranging exploration of the main controversies and issues surrounding cyber security and cyber warfare, as well as coverage of major cyber warfare attacks, the organizations responsible, and the steps that the United States and other countries are taking to protect themselves from this constantly evolving threat. Like all books in theContemporary World Issuesseries, this volume features a suite of "Perspectives" in which cyber warfare experts provide insights on various elements of cyber warfare. Other features include informative primary documents, data tables, chronology, and a glossary of terms.
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van Setten, Lodewijk. The Law of Financial Advice, Investment Management, and Trading. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198826378.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This book analyses the law and regulation relating to financial investments, their markets, payment and settlement systems, as well as the duties and liabilities of intermediaries, providing invaluable legal and practical guidance regarding legal risk and the protection of the investor. The book draws together all of the elements relating to the investment cycle. It is divided into three parts. Part I categorises the various financial instruments legally and examines their legal properties and legal risks, in particular proprietary protection or lack thereof, which investors face in the context of holding financial assets. It also addresses the investment principles that underpin the investment processes. Part II focuses on the process by which financial assets may be acquired and disposed of via the markets and the market infrastructure, including central counterparty (CCP) and clearing features as well as payment and settlement systems. It discusses the legal risks that investors face in the context of trading and settlement. The impact of the principles and risks, described in Parts I and II respectively, inform the scope of the duties, responsibilities and liabilities of the intermediaries that advise investors. Part III explores the role of these intermediaries, tying together the constituent components of the investment cycle from the investor’s point of view and considering the quality of investor protection, service, proprietary protection and regulatory supervision.
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Scholle, Carol Curio. Rapid Response Team Organization and Activation (DRAFT). Edited by Raghavan Murugan and Joseph M. Darby. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190612474.003.0002.
Full textAbstract:
The Rapid Response System (RRS) is organized into four basic components. These components include an activation limb, a response limb, a quality assurance infrastructure, and an administrative component. These components remain consistent despite campus size, physical layout, patient population, available technical resources, and personnel. Oversight of the RRS is provided by the patient safety, risk management experts, as well as clinical experts to maintain high quality of care delivered to acutely ill patients. Administrative support in the development of policy, allocation of resources, and communicating a strong and clear message regarding the mission and vision of the RRS is invaluable. In this chapter, we review each element of the RRS.
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Forrestal, Alison. New Houses, New Purposes, New Problems (1643–1660). Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198785767.003.0009.
Full textAbstract:
Chapter 8 investigates the second phase of Lazarist expansion under de Paul, as he oversaw the foundation of twelve more houses in the French provinces, beginning with a new house in Cahors in late 1643 and concluding with the establishment of a house in Narbonne in 1659. Three themes form the main concerns of the chapter: the first is the emergence of seminary management as a major element of the Lazarists’ activities, and the second is the significance of episcopal patronage to their expansion; third, the chapter trains a critical eye on the origins, features, and fruits of the relations that de Paul cultivated with founders and donors to expand the Lazarist infrastructure.
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Walters, William, Charles Heller, and Lorenzo Pezzani, eds. Viapolitics. Duke University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/9781478021599.
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Vehicles, their infrastructures, and the environments they traverse are fundamental to the movement of migrants and states' attempts to govern them. This volume's contributors use the concept of viapolitics to name and foreground this contested entanglement and examine the politics of migration and bordering across a range of sites. They show how these elements constitute a key site of knowledge and struggle in migratory processes and offer a privileged vantage point from which to interrogate practices of mobility and systems of control in their deeper histories and wider geographic connections. This transdisciplinary group of scholars explores a set of empirically rich and diverse cases: from the Spanish and European authorities' attempts to control migrants' entire trajectories to infrastructures of escort of Indonesian labor migrants; from deportation train cars in the 1920s United States to contemporary stowaways at sea; from illegalized migrants walking across treacherous Alpine mountain passes to aerial geographies of deportation. Throughout, Viapolitics interrogates anew the phenomenon called “migration,” questioning how different forms of contentious mobility are experienced, policed, and contested. Contributors. Ethan Blue, Maribel Casas-Cortes, Julie Y. Chu, Sebastian Cobarrubias, Glenda Garelli, Charles Heller, Sabine Hess, Bernd Kasparek, Clara Lecadet, Johan Lindquist, Renisa Mawani, Lorenzo Pezzani, Ranabir Samaddar, Amaha Senu, Martina Tazzioli, William Walters
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James, Philip. The Biology of Urban Environments. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827238.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Urban environments are characterized by the density of buildings and elements of a number of infrastructures that support urban residents in their daily life. These built elements and the activities that take place within towns and cities create a distinctive climate and increase air, water, and soil pollution. Within this context the elements of the natural environment that either are residual areas representative of the pre-urbanized area or are created by people contain distinctive floral and faunal communities that do not exist in the wild. The diverse prions, viruses, micro-organisms, plants, and animals that live there for all or part of their life cycle and their relationships with each other and with humans are illustrated with examples of diseases, parasites, and pests. Plants and animals are found inside as well as outside buildings. The roles of plants inside buildings and of domestic and companion animals are evaluated. Temporal and spatial distribution patterns of plants and animals living outside buildings are set out and generalizations are drawn, while exceptions are also discussed. The strategies used and adaptions (genotypic, phenotypic, and behavioural) adopted by plants and animals in face of the challenges presented by urban environments are explained. The final two chapters contain discussions of the impacts of urban environments on human biology and how humans might change these environments in order to address the illnesses that are characteristic of urbanites in the early twenty-first century.