Relevant bibliographies by topics / Elephant impact

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Elephant impact'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 2 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Elephant impact"

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Chamaillé-Jammes, Simon, Hervé Fritz, and Ricardo M. Holdo. "Spatial relationship between elephant and sodium concentration of water disappears as density increases in Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe." Journal of Tropical Ecology 23, no. 6 (October 29, 2007): 725–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467407004531.

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African elephants Loxodonta africana (Blumenbach) may profoundly affect vegetation and associated animal bio-diversity in savannas (Conybeare 2004, Skarpe et al. 2004). Understanding the patterns of habitat use by elephants is crucial to predict their impacts on ecosystems (Ben-Shahar 1993, Nelleman et al. 2002), particularly now that many populations are recovering from past culling events or poaching outbreaks (Blanc et al. 2007). Surface water is one of the major constraints on elephant distribution (Chamaillé-Jammes et al. 2007, Stokke & du Toit 2002), and accordingly, elephant impacts are higher in the vicinity of water (Ben-Shahar 1993, de Beer et al. 2006). However, waterhole selection by elephant remains poorly understood. Weir (1972) showed in Hwange National Park (hereafter Hwange NP), Zimbabwe, that elephant numbers at waterholes over 24 h increased with the sodium concentration of water on nutrient-poor Kalahari sands. His work has become widely cited in elephant studies as it remains the only one, to the best of our knowledge, to have studied elephant use of waterholes in relation to the mineral concentration of water. Weir's work, however, took place when elephant densities in Hwange NP were low, likely below 0.5 elephants km−2 as estimated by aerial censuses (Williamson 1975). Since then, the elephant population has increased dramatically, particularly since the halt to culling operations in 1986 (Chamaillé-Jammes 2006, Cumming 1981). The present elephant density is much higher, estimated to be over 2 elephants km−2 (Chamaillé-Jammes et al. 2007, in press), and is one of the highest in the world (Blanc et al. 2007). Increased density may modify ecological constraints and affect the hierarchy of habitat selection processes (Morris 2003), and the extent to which water-nutrient selection still constrains elephant distribution at high population density – when their impact on savanna vegetation is the highest – remains unknown.
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Sampson, Christie, S. L. Rodriguez, Peter Leimgruber, Qiongyu Huang, and David Tonkyn. "A quantitative assessment of the indirect impacts of human-elephant conflict." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 12, 2021): e0253784. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253784.

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Human-wildlife conflict has direct and indirect consequences for human communities. Understanding how both types of conflict affect communities is crucial to developing comprehensive and sustainable mitigation strategies. We conducted an interview survey of 381 participants in two rural areas in Myanmar where communities were exposed to human-elephant conflict (HEC). In addition to documenting and quantifying the types of direct and indirect impacts experienced by participants, we evaluated how HEC influences people’s attitudes towards elephant conservation. We found that 99% of participants suffered from some type of indirect impact from HEC, including fear for personal and family safety from elephants and fear that elephants will destroy their home. Despite experiencing moderate levels of indirect impacts from HEC at the community level, participants expressed attitudes consistent with supporting future elephant conservation programs.
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Parker, D. M., R. T. F. Bernard, and J. Adendorff. "Do elephants influence the organisation and function of a South African grassland?" Rangeland Journal 31, no. 4 (2009): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj08039.

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The impact of elephants (Loxodonta africana) on woody plants is well known. Elephants can be regarded as drivers of ecosystem functioning by, for example, decreasing woody plant litter accumulation through defoliation. However, their influence within grassland landscapes is, by comparison, very poorly understood. We assessed the influence of elephants on grassland functionality at three separate sites (1, high elephant density, long occupation time; 2, low elephant density, short occupation time; 3, no elephants) in the Addo Elephant National Park, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Using landscape function analysis (LFA) we described the landscape organisation of each site, and, using visual surrogates, calculated indices of landscape stability, infiltration and nutrient cycling. The number of vegetation patches/10 m of transects surveyed was higher at sites where elephant density was high (3 elephants/km2) and where elephants had been present for a long time (>70 years). However, patch size was significantly smaller when elephant density/time of occupation increased, and the proportion of bare soil was higher where elephant density and occupation time were highest. In addition, stability, infiltration and nutrient cycling indices at a site scale were significantly lower where elephants were present at high densities and after a long occupation time. However, bare soil stability was not greatly affected by elephant grazing pressure, implying that a ‘threshold of potential concern’ has not yet arisen. We conclude that the functioning of this grassland landscape is significantly altered when elephants are present. These conclusions highlight the importance of management factors such as containment and the provision of artificial water points which may be compromising the functionality of these landscapes. We recommend ongoing assessments to inform future management decisions.
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Nyhus, Philip J., Ronald Tilson, and Sumianto. "Crop-raiding elephants and conservation implications at Way Kambas National Park, Sumatra, Indonesia." Oryx 34, no. 4 (October 2000): 262–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3008.2000.00132.x.

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AbstractCrop raiding by wild elephants is one of the most significant sources of park–people conflict in Sumatra, Indonesia. The distribution, impact and conservation implications of elephant crop-raiding in 13 villages that border Way Kambas National Park in southern Sumatra were studied for 18 months. The data are based on rapid village and field assessments, data logs maintained by village observers and a quantitative household survey. Elephants raided crops year-round at a mean rate of 0.53 elephants per day for the entire study area. The frequency of crop raiding was related to vegetation type along the park border, the size and presence of rivers, and the distance to the park's Elephant Training Center (ETC), which houses about 150 captive elephants. Wild elephants damaged at least 450,000 sq m of corn, rice, cassava, beans and other annual crops, and close to 900 coconut, banana and other perennial trees in the area surveyed. Elephants killed or injured 24 people over a 12-year period in villages near the park. Villagers try to reduce elephant damage by guarding fields, digging trenches between the park and their fields, and modifying their cropping patterns. Elephant–human conflict decreases the probability of support from local people for conservation efforts. We suggest methods to improve the effectiveness of existing elephant trenches, the need to consider electric fences, external support to affected villages, and compensation to villagers for any damage caused.
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CAMOIN, MARGOT, ARTHUR KOCHER, PIANGJAI CHALERMWONG, SARAWUT YANGTARRA, NIKORN THONGTIP, SATHAPORN JITTAPALAPONG, and MARC DESQUESNES. "Adaptation and evaluation of an ELISA for Trypanosoma evansi infection (surra) in elephants and its application to a serological survey in Thailand." Parasitology 145, no. 3 (September 25, 2017): 371–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182017001585.

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SUMMARYTrypanosoma evansi, the causative agent of surra, is widespread in domestic livestock and wildlife in South East Asia. Surra can affect cattle, buffaloes, horses and also Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). Despite the ‘threatened to extinction’ CITES status of elephant, surra's impact has not been thoroughly assessed yet in this species. This work offers to adapt an antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) protocol, to detect Trypanosoma evansi antibodies in elephant serum. The test was validated with 365 negative-reference samples, which allowed the determination of a 16% positive threshold. The test was applied to a serological survey including 375 individuals. The estimated global seroprevalence was 2·1% (95% CI 1·1–4·2%). Therefore, surra does not appear to be endemic in Thai domestic elephants, but occasional outbreaks were reported to our laboratory during the survey period. These outbreaks seemed to be linked to close proximity to cattle or buffaloes, and led to severe clinical signs in elephants. Frequent relapses were observed after treatment with diminazene aceturate, the only trypanocide drug currently available in Thailand. Therefore, care should be taken to keep elephants away from bovine reservoirs, and to monitor the disease in this endangered species. ELISA proved to be reliable for screening purposes as well as for post-treatment monitoring.
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Terada, Saeko, Christian Mikolo Yobo, Guy-Max Moussavou, and Naoki Matsuura. "Human-Elephant Conflict Around Moukalaba-Doudou National Park in Gabon: Socioeconomic Changes and Effects of Conservation Projects on Local Tolerance." Tropical Conservation Science 25 (January 2021): 194008292110267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/19400829211026775.

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Human-elephant conflict (HEC) poses a serious problem in Africa for both local livelihoods and elephant conservation. Elephant damage is the price local people pay for coexisting with this species, and is assumed to reduce tolerance for elephants. However, conservation-related projects, through the benefits they offer may enhance local tolerance toward elephants. This study aimed to examine how crop damage by elephants and the benefits gained from conservation activities affect local people’s tolerance toward elephants around Moukalaba-Doudou National Park in southwest Gabon based on long-term ethnographic research and interview surveys in two periods (2010 and 2019). Based on the results, crop damage by elephants had a significant negative impact on the local social economy, leading to a decrease in human population in the area and making local people highly resentful of elephants. However, in one of the villages where employment from research and conservation activities was concentrated, many acknowledged the benefits associated with wildlife and expressed high tolerance for elephants. These findings suggest that benefits from conservation activities can increase tolerance toward elephants, which is negatively affected by the crop damage they cause. However, it should also be noted that externally generated projects have limitations and drawbacks. It is important to establish a system in which the benefits of conservation are shared widely and distributed appropriately, and wherein income resources are diversified. Multisectoral interventions focusing on local socio-ecological vulnerability are needed to mitigate human-elephant conflict and advance the conservation of African elephants.
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Whitehouse, Anna M., and Graham I. H. Kerley. "Retrospective assessment of long-term conservation management of elephants in Addo Elephant National Park, South Africa." Oryx 36, no. 3 (July 2002): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605302000455.

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The elephant population of South Africa's Addo Elephant National Park increased in number from 11 elephants when the park was created in 1931, to 284 elephants in 1998. We studied management records throughout this period in conjunction with demographic data, enabling retrospective assessment of the long-term impacts of management actions. Problem animal control during the 1930s left no sexually mature bulls in the population for a period of 9 years, hindering the population's initial recovery. Population growth prior to 1954 was also limited by high mortality: between 1931 and 1954 inadequate fencing allowed elephants to stray outside their protected area resulting in elephants being shot by farmers or dying from collisions with trains. Secure elephant-proof fencing was constructed in 1954. Subsequently, there was a significant decrease in mortality (from 5.0% to 1.2%) and an increase in population growth (from 3.2% to 6.1%). However, evidence suggests that confinement might have had a negative impact on survival and social behaviour of adult males. We suggest that the concepts of social carrying capacities and behavioural conservation of populations need to be incorporated into management. The case studies described here highlight the importance of treating conservation management and research as necessary partners, and monitoring should be an integral part of any management plan.
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Szott, Isabelle D., Yolanda Pretorius, Andre Ganswindt, and Nicola F. Koyama. "Physiological stress response of African elephants to wildlife tourism in Madikwe Game Reserve, South Africa." Wildlife Research 47, no. 1 (2020): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr19045.

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Abstract ContextWildlife tourism has been shown to increase stress in a variety of species and can negatively affect survival, reproduction, welfare, and behaviour of individuals. In African elephants, Loxodonta africana, increased physiological stress has been linked to use of refugia, rapid movement through corridors, and heightened aggression towards humans. However, we are unaware of any studies assessing the impact of tourism pressure (tourist numbers) on physiological stress in elephants. AimsWe used faecal glucocorticoid metabolite (fGCM) concentrations to investigate whether tourist numbers in Madikwe Game Reserve, South Africa, were related to changes in physiological stress in elephants. MethodsWe repeatedly collected dung samples (n=43) from 13 individually identified elephants over 15 months. Using a generalised linear mixed model and a Kenward–Roger approximation, we assessed the impact of monthly tourist numbers, season, age, and sex on elephant fGCM concentrations. Key resultsHigh tourist numbers were significantly related to elevated fGCM concentrations. Overall, fGCM concentrations increased by 112% (from 0.26 to 0.55µgg−1 dry weight) in the months with the highest tourist pressure, compared to months with the lowest tourist pressure. ConclusionsManagers of fenced reserves should consider providing potential alleviation measures for elephants during high tourist pressure, for example, by ensuring that refuge areas are available. This may be of even higher importance if elephant populations have had traumatic experiences with humans in the past, such as poaching or translocation. Such management action will improve elephant welfare and increase tourist safety. ImplicationsAlthough tourism can generate substantial revenue to support conservation action, careful monitoring of its impact on wildlife is required to manage potential negative effects.
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Samways, Michael J., and Paul B. C. Grant. "Elephant impact on dragonflies." Journal of Insect Conservation 12, no. 5 (May 30, 2007): 493–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10841-007-9089-2.

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Johnsingh, A. J. T., and Justus Joshua. "Conserving Rajaji and Corbett National Parks – the elephant as a flagship species." Oryx 28, no. 2 (April 1994): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300028453.

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One of India's five major populations of elephants lives in north-west India, where 90 per cent of the total 750 elephants occur in Rajaji and Corbett National Parks and adjacent reserve forests. This 3000-sq-km habitat is also home to many other endangered species. While the 520-sq-km core area of Corbett National Park is free from human impact, the rest of the range is subject to increasing pressures, both from the pastoral Gujjar community within the forests and villagers outside. The elephant habitat has been fragmented by hydrological development work and human-elephant conflict is increasing. The authors recommend measures that need to be implemented to ensure that the elephants and other wildlife of the area are conserved.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Elephant impact"

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Potgieter, Mary-Lee. "Long-term monitoring of elephant impact on the woody vegetation in the Tembe Elephant Park, South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30940.

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The African Elephant is a key component of the savanna ecosystem. They contribute to the generation of habitat for smaller vertebrates, as well as invertebrates, by the breaking of branches or uprooting of trees. Elephants also play a role in seed dispersal, germination and sapling recruitment. All these functions are advantageous to the ecosystem if the elephant population size is acceptable for the size of the reserve and the amount of available forage. The Tembe Elephant Park covers an area of 30 013 ha and is situated in northern KwaZulu Natal. This reserve has a diversity of vegetation types and is part of the Maputaland Centre of Plant Endemism and the Maputaland-Pondoland-Albany Hotspot of Biodiversity. Elephant numbers in the park are currently high and the elephant population is still increasing. This is threatening, especially to the endemic Sand Forest communities within the park. The extent of elephant impact in Tembe Elephant Park, South Africa, was investigated and compared to data collected six years prior to the current study. Elephant impact was determined in 44 transects within nine communities across the park. Percentage canopy removal was calculated for the woody individuals found in sites and with this data the targeted size classes and species could be identified. The preferences of elephants for specific woody species were determined by three electivity indices. Elephant utilisation in Tembe Elephant Park, as reflected by percentage canopy removal, increased since 2004 as the elephant population increased. Communities that experienced high values in 2010 of elephant utilisation were the Closed Woodland 1, Mature Sand Forest, Open Woodland 1 and the Closed Woodland 3. Not only did the actual canopy volume removed by elephant increase with approximately 57%, but the total canopy volume available for browsing decreased extensively since 2004. The size classes targeted by the elephants remained approximately the same from 2004 to 2010 although the 2010 results showed that elephant canopy removal percentage increased in the large size classes. This was expected as elephants target individuals with large stem diameters. A change in the selection for woody species by elephants was clear, but the change in species preference made future projections of canopy removal problematic. Elephants seem to utilise a species at extreme levels until the species is almost extirpated, then they move onto the next target species. This routine is evident in the results as highly preferred species in 2004, with high canopy volumes available and removed, had low canopy availability and electivity ratios in 2010, consequently the elephants moved on from these species as individuals became scarce. It was clear that the structure of individuals, populations and communities were being altered, selected species were facing extirpation and composition of communities was changed through the browsing manners of elephants. Management actions should be implemented to prevent irreversible damage to the vegetation and to conserve the woody species currently under threat.
Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Plant Science
MSc
Unrestricted
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Rose, Matthew Calvin. "A critical analysis of the socioeconomic impact assessments of the Addo Elephant National Park." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002698.

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Impact assessment is a requirement for development in many countries across the globe, seeking to inform the decision-maker as to the environmental, social and economic impact of an ongoing or proposed project. Socioeconomic impact assessment (SEIA) is a means of informing decision-makers as to the socioeconomic effects a project could have, or is having, thus contributing to informing adaptive management practices. However, the tendency of socioeconomic impact assessment to highly quantitative economic methods of analysis raises the question of whether the desired results are achieved by the process. The purpose of the research was to determine whether highly quantitative forms of economic analysis are suitable for measurement of impacts in a social context where distributive as well as net impact is important; to critically analyze the method utilized in achieving highly quantitative economic impact assessment results; and lastly to draw conclusions and make recommendations regarding the efficacy of monitoring processes used to inform adaptive management practices. The research was conducted by means of a case study focusing on three SEIAs carried out on the same entity, namely the Addo Elephant National Park. Managed by South African National Parks (SANP), it began expanding its borders in the early 2000s. Funded by the World Bank, SANP was required to carry out a comprehensive Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) in 2003 to ensure the expansion did not have negative environmental, social and economic repercussions, and where such consequences were unavoidable, to ensure that mitigation and management thereof was informed by useful monitoring exercises. Given the need for resettlement and issues of economic distributive concern raised in the 2003 SEA, the three socioeconomic impact assessments conducted from 2005 – 2010 as part of the ongoing monitoring exercises formed an ideal framework for answering the primary research questions. The findings indicate that despite consistent terms of reference, different assessors interpret mandates from the commissioning body in different ways, leading to varied applications of the same theory, some methodologically better than others. Economic multiplier analysis was found to be inadequate as a measure of the distributive effects of economic impact. Moreover, a lack of consistency, accountability and transparency in the monitoring process led to three sets of results that were incomparable over time and thus inadequate as a means to inform adaptive management practices. Asymmetries of and between power and expertise in the commissioning body and the assessors led to breakdowns of the assessment process in terms of accountability and integrity and resulted in a failure to properly define the scope of the study and measure the relevant indicators. The following recommendations were made: that the economic multiplier method be complemented by additional methods of analysis when utilized in disparate social contexts where distribution of economic benefit is important; that monitoring practices be systematized at an early stage of the process to ensure comparable results useful in informing ongoing management practices; and that what an assessment measures and how it measures it be clarified with reference to an objective source. Finally, the number of factors for consideration in any impact assessment means that measurement of the full picture suffers resource constraints, emphasizing the need for impact assessment oversight to recognize the deficiencies of the process whilst still acknowledging that ‘some number is better than no number’.
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Derham, Kelly. "Wire Netting Reduces African Elephant (LOXODONTA AFRICANA) Impact to Selected Large Trees in South Africa." TopSCHOLAR®, 2014. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1358.

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African elephants (Loxodonta africana) are ecosystem engineers in that they substantially alter the environment through their unique foraging and feeding habits. At high densities, elephants potentially have negative impacts on the environment, specifically to large trees. Because of this, recent increases of elephants in the Associated Private Nature Reserves (APNR) on the Western Boundary of Kruger National Park, South Africa have caused concern regarding the health of several species of tree. My objective was to assess the effectiveness of wrapping protective wire netting around the trunk of the tree in preventing and reducing bark stripping by elephants. 2,668 trees, 1352 marula (Sclerocarya birrea), 857 knobthorn (Acacia Nigrescens), and 459 false marula (Lannea schweinfurti), were assessed for elephant impact in the APNR, 1387 (52%) of which had previously been wrapped in protective wire netting (789, 548, and 50 respectively). For knobthorn and marula, wire netting significantly decreased the number of the trees that were bark stripped. For all trees, wire netting decreased the level of bark stripping especially for the highest impact levels. No trees wrapped with wire were ringbarked, compared to 23 unwired trees. In addition, wire netting had an effect on the distribution of damage for the highest impact class incurred regardless of type. A higher relative frequency of wired trees were found in lower impact categories compared to unwired trees. Wire netting is a low maintenance and ecologically valuable technique that alleviates bark stripping for some species. The judicial use of wire netting on trees could serve to maintain elephant and trees populations in areas of heavy confinement with locally high densities of elephants.
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Ferguson, Angela Joan. "High elephant impact is capable of converting tall mopane woodland to shrubland in the South East Lowveld of Zimbabwe." Bachelor's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12767.

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Includes bibliographical references.
African elephants are known to be important agents of structural and compositional changes in several vegetation types in southern Africa. This is of concern for biodiversity conservation and management of wildlife areas in the region. This study assesses how increasing elephant numbers have already altered and are likely to continue to modify the structure and composition of mopane woodlands in the south-eastern lowveld of Zimbabwe. Several features of vegetation structure and composition were quantified and compared across areas under three different elephant densities: low, intermediate and high. We assessed the degree, nature and patterns of damage incurred by woody plants within these woodlands to determine how elephants are both driving and responding to the changes in the vegetation. Increasing elephant densities were associated with increased losses of tall trees and the resultant development of a coppiced shrub layer. As elephant densities increased from low to intermediate levels, so did the level of damage to both shrubs and trees. However, elephants appeared to exhibit a functional response such that the increase in damage to the shrub layer was proportionately higher than to trees, probably because the coppiced shrub layer was a preferable food source. Nevertheless if elephant density increases further to high levels, damage to trees is likely to continue increasing suggesting that tree losses are likely to continue. In particular, the high level of bark damage to emergent trees is predicted to contribute greatly to further tree losses. This study provides evidence to suggest that increasing elephant impact is capable of completely converting tall mopane woodlands to shrublands. This is likely to have indirect effects on the ecosystem functioning and diversity of these areas as well as tourism, and is consequently of concern for local management. Continued monitoring of these woodlands and management of elephant abundance is advisable if a total conversion to shrubland is to be avoided.
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Bigwood, Taryn. "Geomorphic impacts of Loxodonta Africana (African elephants) in Tembe Elephant Park." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30370.

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Humans are modifying animal populations, indirectly accelerating or reducing the geomorphic alterations caused by animals. Species have been monitored and studied with focus on domesticated animals but little research has been undertaken on wild animals. This study analyses the geomorphic impact of elephants on Tembe Elephant Park, so that the changes they cause to the landscape may be quantified. To conduct this research four sites were chosen: an area where elephants had been excluded for twenty-five years, where excluded for five years, where elephants exist at present and where elephants mud wallow. Three of the four study sites were classed as sand forest (twenty-five-years exclusion, five-years exclusion and where elephants exist) and were analysed and compared to determine the similarities and differences in climate, microclimate, vegetation and the soil’s physical and chemical properties. The wallow site was not compared to any other study site, but was observed and mapped to quantify the geomorphic impact of elephants wallowing. When the sand forest sites were compared the climate, vegetation type and soil were found to be similar. Where elephants were present: the vegetation was inconsistent in basil cover, canopy height, structure and class. Soils were more compacted with a low infiltration rate, higher temperature, lower soil moisture, higher pH and a lower electric conductivity and air relative humidity was the highest. Where elephants have been excluded for twenty-five years, the opposite trends arose from the data analysis. The vegetation was consistent in basil cover, canopy height, structure and class, and the soils were less compacted with a high infiltration rate, low temperature, higher soil moisture, lower pH and a higher electric conductivity. The microclimate showed a trend where the air relative humidity was the lowest. At the elephant wallow site data showed that the wallows were in general circular in shape, 52.5m3 of soil was removed per month for the last nine months and the surface area of the wallows increased by 165.5m2 per month for nine months from April to December 2008. All the results from this study show that the elephant activity in Tembe Elephant Park has geomorphic consequences. From the results, it is possible to conclude that the geomorphic impacts of elephants on Tembe Elephant Park are contributing to a nutrient cycle shift in the sand forest biome, as they change aspects of the vegetation, microclimate, soil and landscape, which are the foundation of the cycle.
Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology
MA
Unrestricted
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McKnight, Barbara L. "The impact of environmental and poaching pressures on elephant demography, reproductive patterns and social organization in Tsavo East National Park, Kenya." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337498.

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Engvall, Cecilia. "Zoogeomorphical Impacts by Elephants in Private Game Res. : With the case study of Knysna Elephant Park." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-207927.

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Nyumba, Tobias Ochieng. "Are elephants flagships or battleships? : understanding impacts of human-elephant conflict on human wellbeing in Trans Mara District, Kenya." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/275582.

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This thesis examines the impacts of human-elephant conflict on human wellbeing and the implications for elephant conservation and management in Trans Mara District, Kenya. The District comprises communal lands bordering the world-famous Masai Mara National Reserve in southwestern Kenya. Trans Mara supports a range of land use types and provides refuge to one of Kenya’s large elephant population comprised of over 3,000 transient and 500 resident animals. This study used interdisciplinary methods to gain insights into the nature and consequences of conflict on the wellbeing of communities living with elephants. In particular, I used a combination of existing wellbeing indices and a set of indicators developed through consultations with local communities in TM to measure impacts of HEC on specific wellbeing domains. The results show that elephants still use the communal lands in Trans Mara but are increasingly restricted to the riverine forest remnants in central Trans Mara. However, there was no evidence of a further decline in the elephant range. Instead, this study points to a shift in elephant range against a background of increasing human settlement, land sub-division and agricultural expansion. The wellbeing of Trans Mara residents comprised eight indicators. Human-elephant conflict negatively affected peoples’ wellbeing, but the impacts were limited to certain dimensions. Elephants affected school-going children within elephant range. Attitudes towards elephants and its conservation in TM were influenced by the location of human residence relative to elephant refuge, diversity of income sources, and age and gender. Finally, conflict mitigation in Trans Mara is still elusive and challenging, but opportunities exist to develop simple and dynamic mitigation tools. The findings of this study have important implications for the future of elephant conservation in the face of competing human needs, both in Trans Mara District and elsewhere in Africa.
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Karimi, Rebekah R. Schulte Bruce A. "An assessment of perceived crop damage in a Tanzanian village impacted by human-elephant conflict and an investigation of deterrent properties of African elephant (Loxodonta africana) exudates using bioassays." Diss., Statesboro, Ga.: Georgia Southern University, 2009. http://www.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/archive/fall2009/lyndsay_a_itoh/Itoh_Lyndsay_A_200908_MS.pdf.

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"A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Georgia Southern University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science." Title from PDF of title page (Georgia Southern University, viewed on June 19, 2010). Bruce A. Schulte, major professor; Lissa M. Leege, J. Michelle Cawthorn, committee members. Electronic version approved: December 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p.76-78).
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Peñalver, Rojo Domingo. "Intergenerational redistributive effects due to the financing formula of investments in transport infrastructure : a microeconomic analysis." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667464.

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Investments in major transport infrastructure projects involve a significant mobilisation of economic resources both for construction and operation. In these projects, to assess the efficiency of the resources used, decision-makers usually use cost-benefit analysis (CBA). This key element of welfare economics is carried out taking into account the effects for society as a whole. Social welfare is thus measured independently of who are the components of society receiving the benefits or suffering the costs. However, besides the best use of resources, which should be always ensured, transport projects often have other objectives. These objectives, which are ideally defined by the political programs of elected decision-makers, often involve redistributive effects. Favouring the economic development of less advanced regions is, for instance, an argument that is used to justify territorial biases in investment. Practitioners have increasingly tried to identify redistributive effects to both create awareness of their existence and to quantify them in order to incorporate them rigorously in project appraisal. Intergenerational redistributive effects due to the financial scheme adopted for the project are a kind of redistributive effects that has neither been properly highlighted nor researched until now. The actual payments to cover the costs of projects unfolding over long timespans depend on the financing formula chosen and affect taxpayers and/or users of different generations. When transport investments are directly covered by the annual budgets of public administrations, they are paid by the taxpayers of the construction period but benefit users that will live in decades ahead. However, if the project is financed through loans, their payment schedule will define a very different financial time-profile. Relating the payments profile with the benefits produced by the project, which occur over its life cycle, can indicate the fairness of the distribution of expenditure and benefits across the successive generations affected by the project. At microeconomic level, intergenerational impacts have been discussed, often with insufficient rigor, in relation to environmental sustainability and mostly regarding the appropriate discount rate to be applied in CBA. However, the financial structuring of the project could have a much stronger impact on a project’s legacy. The issue of the long-term implications of financial decisions is illustrated, at a broader macroeconomic level, by the problems of public debt confronted by many countries. In this work the redistributive effects of transport investment projects are analysed, though the major contribution is the development of the “Intergenerational Redistributive Effects Model” (IREM). This microeconomic model allows performing an analysis of intergenerational impact for both major project of transport infrastructure and integrated investment programmes that is useful to obtain indicators of their utility for the successive (overlapped) generations concerned. Decision makers and financiers may use the IREM’s outputs when proposing a financial montage for a project and deciding the participation of private stakeholders and the contribution of users in it. They also can use the IREM’s indicators as insights to establish the most convenient financial montage to carry out a project. In synthesis, what is presented, developed and tested is a tool to characterise the intergenerational impacts from major transport investment. These effects should be included in the wide concept of project sustainability but have, until now, been disregarded in spite of their importance for decision makers and financiers.
Las inversiones en grandes proyectos de infraestructura de transporte comportan una movilización significativa de recursos económicos. Para analizar si se realiza un uso eficiente de estos recursos, los responsables de la toma de decisiones suelen evaluar la rentabilidad socieconómica de la inversión mediante un análisis coste-beneficio (ACB). Este análisis se lleva a cabo teniendo en cuenta los efectos del proyecto para la sociedad en su conjunto, sin tener en cuenta quiénes reciben los beneficios y quiénes sufren los costos. Sin embargo, las grandes inversiones en proyectos de transporte a menudo persiguen favorecer ciertos grupos sociales, territorios, etc. Estos objetivos, idealmente establecidos en los programas políticos de los responsables de la toma de decisiones, a menudo implican efectos redistributivos. Los efectos redistributivos de carácter social, territorial y medioambiental se han tratado de identificar tanto para crear conciencia de su existencia como con el fin de incorporarlos rigurosamente a la evaluación del proyecto. Sin embargo, los efectos redistributivos de carácter intergeneracional derivados de la fórmula de financiación utilizada para llevar a cabo el proyecto han pasado relativamente desapercibidos hasta ahora. Los pagos que se realizan para sufragar los costos de los proyectos dependen del montaje financiero finalmente empleado. En este sentido, si se recurre a préstamos a muy largo plazo, serán los contribuyentes y/o usuarios de diferentes generaciones quienes terminarán soportando la carga financiera del proyecto. Pero si la inversión principal se sufraga directamente con los presupuestos anuales de las administraciones públicas, la carga financiera recaerá en los contribuyentes del período de construcción mientras usuarios que vivirán en las próximas décadas se benefician de los efectos positivos del proyecto. Relacionar el perfil temporal de pagos y beneficios a lo largo del ciclo de vida del proyecto permite obtener información acerca si existe un cierto equilibrio entre la distribución de la carga financiera y los beneficios que obtienen las generaciones sucesivas afectadas por el proyecto. A nivel microeconómico, se han discutido los impactos intergeneracionales, a menudo con un rigor insuficiente, en relación con la sostenibilidad ambiental y, principalmente, con respecto a la tasa de descuento de aplicación al ACB. Sin embargo, la estructuración financiera del proyecto podría tener un impacto mucho mayor en su legado. El problema de las consecuencias a largo plazo de las decisiones financieras se ilustra, a nivel macroeconómico, por los problemas de la deuda pública que enfrentan muchos países. En este trabajo se analizan y clasifican por primera vez los distintos efectos redistributivos asociados a los grandes proyectos de inversión en infraestructuras de transporte. La mayor contribución de esta tesis es, sin embargo, el desarrollo de una herramienta de análisis denominada "Ingergenerational Redistributive Effects Model¿ (IREM). El modelo ofrece una serie de indicadores estandarizados que son útiles para evaluar la conveniencia de la inversión desde la perspectiva de las sucesivas generaciones involucradas y, además, permite establecer hasta que punto la fórmula de financiación empleada es adecuada o no teniendo en cuenta los potenciales efectos redistributivos intergeneracionales que provoca. En síntesis, esta tesis doctoral presenta, desarrolla y pone en práctica una herramienta que permite caracterizar los impactos intergeneracionales de las principales inversiones en transporte. Estos impactos deberían incluirse en el amplio concepto de sostenibilidad del proyecto, aunque hasta ahora han pasado desapercibidos tanto para los responsables de la toma de decisiones como para los agentes financieros.
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Books on the topic "Elephant impact"

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Cunliffe, R. N. The impact of the ivory ban on illegal hunting of elephants in Zimbabwe. Causeway, Harare, Zimbabwe: WWF Programme Office, 1994.

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Cronin, Mary Maloney. Everyone remembers the elephant in the pink Tutu: How to promote and publicize your business with impact and style. Franklin Lakes, NJ: Career Press, 1998.

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Whiteside, Paul. The war-elephant in antiquity: The role, value and impact of war-elephants in the ancient Roman world from the thirdcentury BC to the sixth century AD. [s.l.]: typescript, 1990.

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Hart, Stanley I. Automobile dependence & denial: The elephant in the bedroom : impacts on the economy and environment. Pasadena, Calif: New Paradigm, 1993.

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Senior Policy Makers' Workshop (1996 Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe). Macroeconomic impacts of fiscal deficits: Report of the Senior Policy Makers' Workshop, held at Elephant Hills Hotel, Victoria Falls, February 4-9, 1996. Harare: Professional Development and Training Programme in Economics Project, 1996.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. Subcommittee on Fisheries and Wildlife Conservation and the Environment. African elephant conservation: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Fisheries and Wildlife Conservation and the Environment of the Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries, House of Representatives, One Hundredth Congress, second session, on H.R. 2999, H.R. 4849 ... June 22, 1988. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1988.

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Sunil, Bastian, and Centre for Poverty Analysis (Sri Lanka), eds. Working elephant or perahera elephant?: An ex-post impact evaluation of the Regional Rural Development Project (RRDP), Kandy. Colombo: Centre for Poverty Analysis, 2005.

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D, Balfour, ed. Review of options for managing the impacts of locally overabundant African elephants. Gland, Switzerland: World Conservation Union, 2007.

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Freund, Caroline, Maryla Maliszewska, Aaditya Mattoo, and Michele Ruta. When Elephants Make Peace: The Impact of the China-U.S. Trade Agreement on Developing Countries. World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-9173.

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Smith, Ian, Aaron Baker, and Owen Warnock. Smith & Wood's Employment Law. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198824893.001.0001.

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Smith & Wood’s Employment Law draws on the extensive teaching and practical experience of its authors to provide students with a clear explanation of essential legislation and case detail while also offering incisive academic commentary and critical detail to help with essay preparation and class work. Throughout the book, topics are carefully explained in their social and historical context, providing readers with an insight into the fast-paced development of employment law and offering perceptive analysis of its future direction. This fourteenth edition has been produced against the background of the 2015 and 2017 elections and of course with the largest elephant in the room of the result of the referendum on membership of the EU. The meaning of the latter remains a matter of almost complete uncertainty even t the time of writing two years later, and indeed is likely to remain so for much of the currency of this edition, but where appropriate it contains speculation as to possible effects. At the opposite end of the spectrum, this edition also contains the up-to-date case law on detailed employment law developments such as ACAS early conciliation, whistleblowing, discrimination law across all the forms of protected characteristics, and the whole question of the effect of modern phenomena such as social media use on traditional areas of employment law. On the collective level, this edition includes a consideration of the impact of the Trade Union Act 2016 on the calling of industrial action, picketing and time off for union activites and the latest decisions of the European Court of Human Rights, the EFTA Court and the UK courts on the impact of human rights law and of EU economic freedoms on collective labour law, in particular in relation to union recognition for bargaining and in relation to the banning of industrial action. It also considers whether the 2018 amendments to the Posted Workers Directive have any impact on the legality of any industrial action which affects the EU freedom to provide services across the boundaries of member states. More generally, it examines the extent to which workers and unions have legal protection for collective action relating to members of the gig economy Finally, the changes to the style and layout of the book adopted in the last edition have been maintained, in order to aid accessibility for the reader, given the ever-increasing complexity of the law itself here.
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Book chapters on the topic "Elephant impact"

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Pongponrat, Kannapa, and Naphawan Chantradoan. "Social media: a proxy voice for elephants." In The elephant tourism business, 204–16. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245868.0017.

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Abstract This chapter focuses on social media roles and their impact on elephant tourism in Thailand. A preliminary analysis is presented of data gathered from digital platforms such as websites, blogs, Facebook, Instagram and Twitter using content analysis methods. Topics include the issue of unethical elephant tourism practices, country image affected by unethical elephant tourism, and elephant welfare, particularly health and safety conditions. The chapter seeks to find solutions for ethical elephant tourism while also trying to raise awareness of the lack of elephants' own voices about their roles in tourist attractions and activities.
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van Strien, Marjorie, and Jan Schmidt-Burbach. "Promoting elephant-friendly tourism." In The elephant tourism business, 247–58. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245868.0020.

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Abstract The village of Sauraha in Nepal is a principal entry point to Chitwan National Park and has been influenced by multiple events over the past few years, affecting the local tourism dynamics and specific tourism products like elephant-back safaris. The global debate on animal welfare visibly influences the local market dynamics for elephant safaris. At the same time, there are other local factors at play that may be of stronger influence. The destination has been affected by local political and economic challenges that have increased cost of operations, intensified competition and challenged potential visitors. Furthermore, Sauraha is attracting emerging markets with different values and expectations in comparison with the traditional markets and which are charged lower prices for services. This chapter explores the impact of these recent events facing the destination Sauraha and reveals how understanding this is key to informing a tailor-made strategy to improve welfare for captive elephants. This research was conducted in the context of an ongoing partnership between World Animal Protection and the Elephant Owners' Association of Sauraha, and involved interviews with stakeholders in Sauraha and Kathmandu, as well as a visitor survey. Findings show that there is an increasing interest among private elephant owners to consider alternative management styles, especially to alleviate personal liability.
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Hernandez, Ariel Macaspac. "Conclusion—Creating Momentum for Transformation Through Purpose." In Taming the Big Green Elephant, 347–62. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-31821-5_15.

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AbstractMany experts and pundits from the popular media often depict sustainable, low-carbon transformation as a revolution. For example, Tom Delay (2009) of The Guardian sees “a new revolution that fast tracks the deployment of a new set of technologies.” He continues that the new low carbon economy is “poised to be the mother of all markets and will be as transformative in its impact as the first industrial revolution.”
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Laws, Eric, Noel Scott, and John Koldowski. "Impacts of elephant tourism in Thailand." In The Routledge Handbook of Tourism Impacts, 82–91. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351025102-7.

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Stokke, Sigbjørn, Sekgowa S. Motsumi, Thato B. Sejoe, and Jon E. Swenson. "Cascading Effects on Smaller Mammals and Gallinaceous Birds of Elephant Impacts on Vegetation Structure." In Elephants and Savanna Woodland Ecosystems, 229–50. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118858615.ch14.

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Moe, Stein R., Lucas Rutina, Håkan Hytteborn, and Johan T. du Toit. "Impala as Controllers of Elephant-Driven Change within a Savanna Ecosystem." In Elephants and Savanna Woodland Ecosystems, 154–71. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118858615.ch10.

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Magintan, D., S. Salman, L. Tukimat, M. H. Shahril, M. S. Aisah, and M. N. Shukor. "Impacts of Hulu Terengganu Hydroelectric Project on Elephant Movements and Home Range." In Water Resources Development and Management, 500–510. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1971-0_50.

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Kayamba-Phiri, Fundi Wandisunga, Moses M. Limuwa, and Trond Storebakken. "Of ‘White Elephant’ in Fisheries: A Conflict Resolution Model Around the Usage of Climate-Smart Fish Postharvest Technologies in Lake Malawi." In Climate Impacts on Agricultural and Natural Resource Sustainability in Africa, 313–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37537-9_19.

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Skilton, Ellen. "Being, Seeing, and Hearing White: When Theater Arts Interrogate and Make Visible the Power of the Elephant in the Room." In Extending Applied Linguistics for Social Impact. Bloomsbury Academic, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350136410.ch-005.

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Beusterien, John. "Introduction: Armored Beasts and the Elephant in the Room." In Transoceanic Animals as Spectacle in Early Modern Spain. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland: Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463720441_intro.

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Animal spectacles are important for a holistic understanding of early modern Spanish culture. Influenced by Albrecht Dürer’s Rhinoceros, early modern Spain celebrated itself as a planetary world power through the spectacles of an exotic elephant, rhinoceros, armadillo, and lion. Also, partially due its role as a foil to the positing of animals as exotic, Spain created a spectacle of a homegrown bull. This chapter asserts the importance of deploying the methodology of a biogeography for one of each of these species, all of whom played a role as an animal protagonist in a spectacle. The writing of biogeographies takes the extinction of species in the Anthropocene into account and, in contrast to the negative impact of each animal’s role as an object in a spectacle, places an emphasis on an earth ethics that fosters healthy animal-human communities.
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Conference papers on the topic "Elephant impact"

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Crawley, Jennie, Martin Seltmann, Mirkka Lahdenperä, Khyne U Mar, Virpi Lummaa, and Diogo Santos. "Managing elephants in the modern world: the impact of changes in traditional handling on semi-captive Asian elephant welfare." In 5th European Congress of Conservation Biology. Jyväskylä: Jyvaskyla University Open Science Centre, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/conference/eccb2018/108055.

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JASINSKAS, Algirdas, Egidijus ŠARAUSKIS, Asta GUTAUTAITĖ, and Jiří MAŠEK. "ASSESSMENT OF HERBAL PLANT BIOFUEL PELLET QUALITY INDICATORS." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.008.

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Variety of vegetable raw materials is used for energetic needs: logging and wood processing waste, agricultural production by-products: straws as well as specially cultivated trees, tall grass, rapeseeds, triticale and other herbaceous plants. In the performed scientific work, preparation and opportunities of use of energetic needs are estimated for non-conventional energy plants (elephant grass, orchard grass, common mugwort and fibrous nettle), technological parameters of processing these seeds and pressing into granules are explored, biometric and physic-mechanical properties of finished pellets are evaluated, and their resistance to impact forces is evaluate. Having examined humidity of pellets, it was found that maximum moisture content was in pellets of elephant grass and nettle – from 13.1 to 13.2%, while the smallest – in orchard grass pellets 10.0%. The largest density of non-conventional energetic pellet density was orchard – 983.8 kg m-3 DM (dry matter) and common mugwort – 926.7 kg m-3 DM, and density of elephant grass pellets was the lowest – 619.3 kg m-3 DM. Results on resistance to deformability of non-conventional energetic crops granules indicate that the highest resistance against external forces is a pellet made of common mugwort: they decompose to 110.03 N force. Pellets of other plants disintegrate to smaller external force: fibrous nettle granules – to 90.6 N, orchard – to 67.3 N force. Elephant grass pellets have the smallest resistance to deformation and decompose more quickly (at 20 N). The research results show that pellets made of elephant grass are of the lowest quality; due to this, it is not recommended to use these plants in the form of pellets.
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Mehrmashhadi, Javad, Mojdeh A. Pajouh, and John D. Reid. "Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Dynamic Impact on Universal Breakaway Steel Post." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-12209.

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Abstract A closed guardrail system, known as “bullnose” guardrail system, was previously developed to prevent out-of-control vehicles from falling into the elephant trap. The bullnose guardrail system originally used Controlled Release Terminal (CRT) wood posts to aid in the energy absorption of the system. However, the use of CRT had several drawbacks such as grading and the need for regular inspections. Universal Breakaway Steel Post (UBSP) was then developed by the researchers at Midwest Roadside Safety Facility as a surrogate for CRT. In this study, the impact performance of UBSP on the weak-axis and strong-axis was studied through numerical modeling and component testing (bogie testing). A numerical model was developed using an advanced finite element package LS-DYNA to simulate the impact on UBSP. The numerical results were compared to experimental data. Further research on soil models was recommended. The numerical model will be used to investigate other applications for UBSP such as the Midwest Guardrail System (MGS) long span system, guardrail end terminal designs, or crash cushions.
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Chang, I.-Kwang, Marjorie P. Callahan, and Yichen Wang. "A New Concept on Seismic Sloshing and Elephant-foot Impact Prevention for a Vertical Cylindrical Fixed Roof Liquid Storage Tank — Part 1 (Design)." In 10th International Conference on Advances in Steel Concrete Composite and Hybrid Structures. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-07-2615-7_228.

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Premarathne, N. M. K. C., S. T. M. Dissanayake, S. De Silva, U. S. Weerathunga, and T. V. P. Kumara. "Impact of Changed Rainfall Patterns Due to Climate Change and Usage of Available Weather Information by Communities Who Face Human Elephant Conflict (HEC) in Udawalawe, Sri Lanka." In International Conference on Climate Change. The International Institute of Knowledge Management (TIIKM), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.17501/iccc.2017.1105.

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Buynevich, Ilya, Alexa Silverman, Tilghman H. Moyer, Kaylen M. Policino, Yung Jan Yang, and Nolan Barrette. "ZOOGEOMORPHIC IMPACT OF AFRICAN ELEPHANTS IN HWANGE NATIONAL PARK, ZIMBABWE: INSIGHTS FROM SATELLITE-BASED ANALYSIS." In Northeastern Section-56th Annual Meeting-2021. Geological Society of America, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2021ne-361374.

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