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Academic literature on the topic 'Eletrometalurgia'
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Journal articles on the topic "Eletrometalurgia"
Paumann, Jonathan Tomazoni, Kátia Elizangela Ocanha Dorneles, Guilherme Lopes Batista, and Carlos Alberto Mendes Moraes. "Recuperação de metais através da reciclagem de placas de circuito impresso oriundas de sucata eletrônica." Revista Brasileira de Planejamento e Desenvolvimento 7, no. 3 (August 20, 2018): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3895/rbpd.v7n3.8647.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Eletrometalurgia"
Gorenstein, Annette 1953. "Contribuição ao estudo do eletrodepósito de níquel preto." [s.n.], 1986. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/277565.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin
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Resumo: Este trabalho é uma contribuição ao estudo da superfície seletiva eletrodepositada conhecida como níquel preto. São discutidas as reações químicas/eletroquímicas envolvidas no processo de formação do filme. A voltametria de dissolução anódina de depósitos metálicos de níquel e zinco é também apresentada. A caracterização química e microestrutural foi obtida através da técnica de Espectroscopia Auger, difração de raio x e microscopia eletrônica de transmissão associada à difração de elétrons. O filme eletrodepositado contém Ni, Zn, S e possivelmente oxigênio. A estrutura é inomogênia, contendo partículas possivelmente metálicas. A seletividade espectral é associada ao caráter inomogênio do filme
Abstract: The black nickel electrodeposited selective surface is studied in this work. The chemical and electrochemical reactions involved in the film formation process are discussed. Anodic stripping voltametry of nickel-zinc codeposits are presented. The chemical and microstructure characterization were obtained by Auger Spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction and Transmission Electron Microscopy. The electrodeposited film contains Ni, Zn, S and possibly O. The structure is inhomogeneous, containing metallic particles. The spectral selectivity is associated to the inhomogeneous structure of the film
Doutorado
Física
Doutor em Ciências
Anjos, Aparecida Pereira dos 1963. "Determinação de traços de maganes por espectrofotometria de absorção atomica apos pre-concentração seletiva em coluna contendo 1-(2-Piridilazo)-2-Naftol [PAN] absorvido em naftaleno microcristalino." [s.n.], 1992. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/248955.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
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Mestrado
Kasper, Angela Cristina. "Caracterização e reciclagem de materiais presentes em sucatas de telefones celulares." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/28926.
Full textThe popularization of mobile phones, combined with a technological evolution of new products and services that are increasingly sophisticated, makes the consumers change their old devices for smaller, lighter and more modern ones. As a result, a large number of scrap and obsolete equipment are discarded every year, causing economic losses and environmental pollution. In this work, mobile phone scraps are characterized in order to recycle some of the device components, using techniques of mechanical processing, hydrometallurgy and electrometallurgy. To perform this study mobile phones, obsolete or defective, were collected from technical assistance workshops. These devices were disassembled and their units were characterized. Most devices discarded had a frame (or chassis) consisting of a mixture of PC/ABS (polycarbonate/acrylonitrile butadiene styrene), a material that could be recycled, while a fraction of them had nonconductive of printed circuit boards (PCBs) containing epoxy and polyester resins, and inorganic materials (glass fiber and ceramic), not susceptible to mechanical recycling, but could have a percentage (5%) incorporated as load on recycling of frames. Physical-mechanical tests performed on specimens obtained from recycled material proved both the possibility of recycling of polymeric frames and the incorporation of the percentage of non-conductive fraction of the PCB, as a load, in the recycling of frames. With regard to metals, the use of techniques of mechanical processing (milling, particle size classification, magnetic and electrostatic separation) was an efficient alternative to obtain a concentrated fraction (mainly iron in the magnetic fraction and copper in the conductive fraction) and another fraction containing polymers and ceramics. These techniques proved to be ineffective in the concentration of metals such as gold and silver. At the end of mechanical processing, a concentrated fraction of metals could be obtained with an average concentration of 60% copper. This concentrated fraction in metals was dissolved in aqua regia and sent to electrowinning to recover copper. The cathodes obtained have a copper content above 95%, which demonstrates the technical feasibility of recovery of copper using the techniques of mechanical processing, hydrometallurgy and electrometallurgy. In the leaching of gold and silver, an alternative system using thiosulfate in ammoniacal medium, the results obtained were not satisfactory because the maximum recovery was 30% for gold and 17% for silver, demonstrating that the technique needs further evaluation.
Paula, Angelo Gonçalves de. "Proposta de fabricação de hidroxiapatita através do processo de eletrodeposição / Angelo Gonçalves de Paula ; orientadora, Beatriz Luci Fernandes." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da PUC_PR, 2006. http://www.biblioteca.pucpr.br/tede/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=581.
Full textInclui bibliografia
A hidroxiapatita é um dos materiais mais promissores na fabricação de enxertos ósseos, devido à excelente biocompatibilidade e à sua similaridade química com a porção mineral do osso. Sua produção pode ser de origem natural ou sintética. São vários os pro
The hydroxyapatite is one of the elected materials to produce bone substitute, due to the excellent biocompatibility and its chemical similarity to the mineral portion of the bone. Its production can be by natural or synthetic way. There are many procedur
Campos, Othon Souto. "Estudo Mecanístico da Eletrodeposição de Cádmio em Meio de Sulfato Ácido." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2011. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/15608.
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This work describes a mechanistical proposition for cadmium electrodeposition in acid sulfate medium on platinum substrate using electrochemical techniques. The cadmium electrodeposition studies were carried in sodium sulfate 1 mol L–1 medium containing cadmium sulfate 10–2 mol L–1, which the pH of the solutions were adjusted with analytical grade sulfuric acid. The pH interval of the work solutions were ranged between 1 and 3. In all studied medium, the potentiostatic polarization curves showed a diffusional plateau which obeys the Levich equation. The interfacial pH studies showed the influence of acid–base equilibrium of bisulfate ion with the formation of a coordination compound Cd(HSO4)+ in platinum electrode. It is proposed that the cadmium ion associated in acid–base equilibrium of bisulfate ion, deposits as cadmium bisulfate at an irreversible step, and followed by a reversible metallic deposition of cadmium with the leaving of bisulfate ion, and this step is slower than the first one. Then, a mathematical model was calculated for the mechanism proposed, and qualitative studies were carried regarding to the polarization curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy behavior
Este trabalho descreve uma proposição mecanística para a deposição de cádmio em meio de sulfato ácido sobre substrato de platina utilizando técnicas eletroquímicas. Os estudos de eletrodeposição de cádmio foram feitas em meio de sulfato de sódio 1 mol L–1 contendo 10–2 mol L–1 de sulfato de cádmio, em que o pH das soluções foi ajustado com ácido sulfúrico PA. O intervalo de pH das soluções de trabalho foi variado entre 1 e 3. Em todos os meios estudados, as curvas de polarização potenciostática mostraram a formação de um patamar difusional que obedece a equação de Levich. Os estudos de pH local revelaram a influência do equilíbrio ácido–base do íon bissulfato com formação de compostos de coordenação Cd(HSO4)+ no eletrodo de platina. Propõe-se que o íon cádmio, associado ao equilíbrio ácido–base do íon bissulfato, deposita como bissulfato de cádmio numa etapa irreversível, e seguida pela deposição de cádmio metálico reversível com a saída do íon bissulfato, sendo esta última etapa mais lenta que a primeira. Desse modo, foi calculado um modelo matemático para o mecanismo proposto, sendo realizados estudos qualitativos em relação ao comportamento da curva de polarização e do espectro de impedância eletroquímica
Godoy, Paulo Henrique de. "Plasma termico para recuperação de insumos de valor em escorias e residuos." [s.n.], 2001. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/265010.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica
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Resumo: Este trabalho trata da aplicação do plasma térmico na recuperação de materiais valiosos ainda presente em escórias e resíduos, como é o caso do silício metalúrgico contido em escórias. Esse processo pode ser estendido para outros materiais, como por exemplo o alumínio e o níquel contido em escórias. Para a realização dos ensaios práticos de reciclagem de escória, foi projetado e construido um reator fechado, em escala laboratorial, com uma tocha de plasma de arco transferido operando com plasma de gás inerte como fonte de energia. Além do aparato de reciclagem, foi desenvolvida uma metodologia analítica para o conhecimento das fases presentes na escória e principalmente da quantificação de silício metálico livre, unindo técnicas de análise estrutural como a Difração de Raios-X (DRX), analise química por Fluorescência de Raios-X (FRX) e Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV). Tal procedimento analítico realizado com as escórias de silício foi estendido para as amostras de silício recuperado e outros resíduos tratados por plasma, como por exemplo resíduo hospitalar e lodo de galvanoplastia inertizados. Os estudos de caracterização realizados em escória da produção de silício, indicam que o teor de silício metálico livre é de cerca de 25%. O processo de recuperação de silício obteve 98,7% de eficiência na recuperação de silício metálico da matriz de escória, com pureza de aproximadamente 98,2%. O ferro, quando presente em altas concentrações na escória, tende a formar compostos estáveis com o silício (silicetos), que embora não sejam recuperáveis, acabam por se constituir em contaminação para o material final. A caracterização do lixo hospitalar tratado por plasma indicou a presença de duas fases na matriz vitro-cerâmica: Ronita e nefeline. O lodo galvânico inertizado por plasma constitui-se principalmente de magnésio, silício e cálcio, arranjados na forma cristalina como três fases principais: Forsterita (Silicato de magnésio); Monticelita (Silicato de cálcio/magnésio); e Carbonato de Cálcio. O processo desenvolvido, pode ser considerado limpo, ou seja, o processo não acrescenta contaminantes no material nem no meio ambiente. Este processo, aliado a outras técnicas de purificação, melhora a qualidade do material resultante sem poluição e com menor gasto de energia. Para o caso de resíduo hospitalar e lodo de galvanoplastia, a compreensão da microestrutura é importante para que estes materiais possam ter outras finalidades mais nobres além do uso em construção civil, como será visto neste trabalho
Abstract: The present research work makes use of thermal plasma for recovering valuable materials in slags and wastes. The main objective to reclaim is silicon metal present in slags, but this process can be extended to other materiais like aluminum (aluminum dross) and nickel (slags). A lab-scale reactor was built to carry out the experimental studies, consisting of a closed hearth and a transferred are torch as an energy source operating with inert gas. A characterization methodology was also developed in order to understand the crystalline phases present in slags but mainly the silicon metal content in slag. This methodology consists of a combining use of well-established techniques: X-ray Fluorescence (chemical analysis), Scanning Electron Microscopy (distribution of phases and microanalysis), and X-ray Difftaction (crystalline phases). This characterization methodology was extended to recovered silicon metal ftom slags and to other plasma treated wastes such as medical waste and electroplating sludge. The characterized slags in the present work point to about 25% of silicon metal present in slags. The recycling process attained 98,7% of silicon recovering and the result metal has a purity of 98,2%. Iron presence normally is found bonded to silicon forming non-recovering substances (silicides), consisting in contamination of the recovered silicon metal (higher the iron content, higher the contamination of the silicon recovered ftom slags). The characterization of the ceramic matrix obtained ftom medical waste treated by plasma indicates the presence of only two crystalline phases: Rhonite and Nepheline. The ceramic matrix obtained ftom electroplating sludge treated by plasma are constituted basica1ly of magnesium, silicon, and calcium arranged in three crystalline phases: Forsterite (magnesium silicate), Monticelite (ca1cium, magnesium silicate) and ca1cium carbonate. The developed process has no toxic gaseous emissions and the tapped silicon metal has no further metallic contaminants. If other techniques were combined to this recycling process, the purity of tapped silicon can be further improved, with no pollution and less energy consumption. In the case of other wastes, the microstructure understanding is important in order to reuse these materials in more advanced processes or at least get an improvement on the commercial value
Doutorado
Materiais e Processos de Fabricação
Doutor em Engenharia Mecânica
Zelinski, Ricardo. "Avaliação do emprego de processos de separação por membranas em uma central de tratamento de efluentes galvânicos." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2018. https://repositorio.ucs.br/11338/3903.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, CAPES.
The galvanotechnical industry is responsible for generating effluents containing heavy metals and recalcitrant substances. The restrictions on the quality of effluent discharge have intensified. An alternative to this problem are membrane separation processes, such as reverse osmosis. The present study had the objective of analyzing two strategies to improve the performance of a galvanic treatment center, composed of its current stages of treatment as: physico-chemical treatment, advanced oxidation, simple filtration and ion exchange. Then, it was studied the possibility of insertion of the reverse osmosis in the existing process (strategy 1) or the replacement of the ion exchanger by the reverse osmosis membrane (strategy 2). For this purpose, a polyamide membrane with a selective polysulfone layer was used, where the efficiency of the proposed strategies was observed for the environmental parameter. Using strategy 1, the results were observed above 92% of total nickel, 90% of total copper, 81% of zinc, 93% of total phosphorus, 87% of chemical oxygen demand (COD), 87% of ammonia nitrogen and 100% of total suspended s’olids. The Hermia methodology and the membrane resistance, using the galvanic effluent, were also analyzed by the blocking models. The results showed that the membrane presented 80% resistance per concentration for strategy 1 and 40% of fouling for strategy 2. In both strategies, the Hermia model presented a higher index for irreversible and standard block. For strategy 1, the process occurred over 180 minutes and a permeate flux reduction of 63% was observed. After the chemical cleaning, a recovery flow superior to 93% was observed, and 7% that could not be recovered correspond to irreversible fouling. For strategy 2, the process occurred over 90 minutes with a 94% of flow reduction. After cleaning, a flow recovery of 71% was observed, also showing the presence of irreversible fouling. The Rosa 9.1 DOW software showed that for a demand of 10m³ / h it would take 3 reverse osmosis modules with 24 membranes, filtration area of 891,84 m², working pressure of 6 bar pressure and a pump power of 3.48 kWh. The mentioned software detected problems of CaSO4, due to the effluent characteristics to increase the useful life of the membranes. This would imply a slowing system before being subjected to reverse osmosis. The simplified economic evaluation compared to the current treatment model and the insertion of a new technology, would entail the installation of a moving equipment that would triple the current costs of the effluent treatment plant. Considering that the release standards are at the limit of the legislation, the new equipment would treat security in compliance the legislation without being in the eminence of notices before the environmental agency. Even with strategy 2 meeting the launching standards and allowing the substitution of a process, strategy 1 has been shown to be more effective, since it presents lower final concentrations, resulting operating bigger life of the membrane, with lower stops for chemical clean-ups and operating costs.
Kasper, Angela Cristina. "Utilização de técnicas hidrometalúrgicas e eletrometalúrgicas na recuperação de ouro proveniente de sucatas de telefones celulares." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/139556.
Full textThe precious metals natural sources, including gold, have decreased around the world each year. The recovery of metals from the scraps of electrical and electronics products could be one way to mitigate this problem, since consumption and disposal have considerably increased every year. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate alternative leaching agents for the gold extraction present in the printed circuit boards (PCB's) of cell phones, and subsequent recovery by electrometallurgical process. Entire PCB's obtained from obsolete or defective cell phones were used. Thus, a commercial stripping (cyanide-based) and alternative leaching agents (sodium and ammonium thiosulfate) were tested under different conditions of concentration, time, pH and temperature. The solutions were analyzed by atomic absorption. The electrometallurgical stage began with the cyclic voltammetry experiments to determine the gold and copper electrowinning potential. After that, electrowinning tests using different electrode potentials to determine the recovery rates of these metals were performed. The results obtained in the leaching tests show that with the commercial stripping, it was possible to extract 88% of the gold present in the PCB. With sodium thiosulfate and ammonium thiosulfate, it was possible to extract 70 and 75% of the gold contained in the PCB, respectively, using 0.12M of sodium thiosulfate, 0.2M of ammonium and 20mM of copper sulphate. The results of cyclic voltammetry showed that the copper deposition occurs at potentials more negative than -600 mVAg/AgCl, while the gold deposition can be performed to more positive potential than -600mVAg/AgCl, showing that both metals can be selectively recovered. The results of the electrowinning tests proved that in the real solution the recovered fractions reached 0.94 for gold and 0.95 for copper, using the electrode potentials of -500 mVAg/AgCl and -700 mVAg/AgCl, respectively. The current efficiency achieved in the experiments, with real solutions, was less than 3%.
Cada año las reservas naturales de metales preciosos, entre ellos el oro, van disminuyendo en todo el mundo. Una forma de atenuar este problema podría ser la recuperación de los metales contenidos en las chatarras de productos eléctricos y electrónicos, cuyo consumo y desechos aumentan considerablemente cada año. Por tanto, este trabajo tiene por objetivo evaluar agentes lixiviantes alternativos para la extracción del oro contenido en las placas de circuito impreso (PCI) de teléfonos móviles y su posterior recuperación por vía electrometalúrgica. En los ensayos de lixiviación se utilizaron PCI’s enteras obtenidas de aparatos obsoletos o defectuosos y se probaron un agente extractor comercial (a base de cianuro) y los agentes lixiviantes alternativos tiosulfato sódico y tiosulfato amónico en medio amoniacal, a distintas concentraciones, pH, tiempos y temperaturas. Las disoluciones obtenidas se analizaron por absorción atómica. La etapa electrometalúrgica se inició con los ensayos de voltametría cíclica para determinar los potenciales de electrodeposición de oro y de cobre y a continuación se realizaron ensayos de eletrodeposición utilizando diferentes potenciales de electrodo para determinar las velocidades de recuperación de estos metales. Los resultados obtenidos en los ensayos de lixiviación muestran que el agente extractor comercial fue capaz de extraer el 88% del oro contenido en las PCIs. Con la utilización de tiosulfato sódico y tiosulfato amónico fue posible extraer el 70 y 75% del oro contenido en las PCI’s, respectivamente, utilizando disoluciones de composición 0,12M de tiosulfato sódico, 0,2M de amoniaco y 20mM de sulfato de cobre. Los resultados obtenidos en los ensayos de voltametría cíclica mostraron que la deposición de cobre tiene lugar a potenciales más negativos de - 600 mVAg/AgCl mientras que la deposición de oro se puede efectuar a potenciales más positivos que -600 mVAg/AgCl, demostrando que los dos metales pueden ser recuperados selectivamente. Los resultados de los ensayos de electrodeposición mostraron que, para disoluciones reales, las fracciones recuperadas llegaron a 0.94 para oro y 0.95 para cobre, utilizando -500 mVAg/AgCl y -700 mVAg/AgCl, respectivamente. El rendimiento eléctrico alcanzado en los experimentos con disoluciones reales fue inferior al 3%.