Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Élevage – Afrique du Nord – Moyen âge'
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Brisville, Marianne. "L'alimentation carnée dans l'Occident islamique médiéval : productions, consommations et représentations." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2119.
Full textFood is at a crossroads of various fields: economical, social, cultural, religious, material, and environmental. This characteristic is heightened in the case of meat because of its modalities of production, consumption, and representation. Being a source of tensions and ambiguities, of desire and disgust, animal flesh goes through multiple processes leading from the procurement the “raw material” to its consumption as an aliment, which appears as an eminently cultural construction made by material techniques. The historiography has traditionally characterized meat as an aliment being rare, expensive, and mainly, or even, only consumed by the elites. While this vision for the Medieval Christian West has been nuanced and pondered since, it is all the more fundamental to question the traditional image of a rare and expensive aliment for the Medieval Islamic West, by the confrontation of the textual and the archæological data available for this space. All the discourses provided by the Arabic sources—culinary, dietetic, and juridical ones—are unanimous in the valorisation of meat, by means of a large spectrum of arguments that associate the material, socio-economic, socio-cultural, and symbolic dimensions. However, confronting the textual and archæozoological data leads to consider three major parameters, which are the quantity, the quality, and the frequency of the consumption of this particular commodity. Moreover, it is crucial to apprehend, socio-economically and socio-culturally, all the strata of the population of al-Andalus and of the Medieval Maghreb, in order to perceive how far seasonality represented a major issue in the supply and the consumption of meat
Saadaoui, Lotfi. "Les modes de construction au Maghreb médiéval d'après la pratique et les textes juridiques." Paris, EPHE, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EPHE4006.
Full textThe legal malékites sources of medieval period bring many information relative to the constructions. But what is their relevance confronted with the techniques of construction and with the archeological realities ? Our work tries to answer this question. A preliminary research on the construction of the legal rules revealed the existence of difference of view within the rite malékite. We are then attached to study the various constructive elements quoted in sources by confronting ceaselessly legal texts and material testimonies. Walls, openings and materials constitute an important part of our work which was also attached to the recommendations relative to the work hydraulics and in the management of waste water. So, through the legal sources and archeological observations it is a new image of the urban organization of the medieval Maghreb that is so proposed
Ferchain, Serge. "L'invasion hilalienne du Maghreb et ses conséquences religieuses, sociologiques, économiques et culturelles du 11ème au 15ème siècle." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006STR20022.
Full textThe Banu Hilal or the Hilalians are an Arabian tribe which was living in the Najd area in the Arabian peninsula a long time before the coming of the Islam. It became Muslim lately, around 630, and was known for its insubordination towards the different governors and for its pillaging acts. Around the 8th century, after the conquest of Egypt and the Northern Africa by the Muslims, it was encouraged and pushed by the Abbasside governor to install itself in Egypt due to its fame of banditry and turbulence. In the 10th century, this tribe was allied with the Karmates, members of a political and religious party, who were revolted against the Abbassides and launched attacks against the Fatimide Egypt. The Fatimide caliph, al-Aziz, who conquered this country in 969, beat them and transported a large part of Hilalian tribe to Egypt, in the Said, and prohibited the crossing of the Nile river to them. In 1047, the Ziride al-Moez ibn Badis, the governor of the Maghreb on behalf of the Chiites fatimides, broke his relationship with this dynasty and announced his rallying to the caliph al-Qaim and the Sunnites abbassides. In order to punish his rebellious vassal, the fatimide caliph, heeding his vizier's advice, gave up this territory to the Hilalians. In 1050, this tribe with some less important others arrived in Northern Africa and won their first battle. In 1051, they were at Gabes. In 1054, they were already at Beja. In 1057, Kairouan was sacked and in 1067 they reached the central Maghreb. They were stopped at this level by the Almohades, in 1152. In 1153, they started a new rebellion and were definitively beaten by the Almohade prince, Abdelmoumen, who transported a part of them to the current Morocco. Since this time, their history came very close to the Berber one. The effects of this settlement will be very significant especially in the cultural, sociological and economical domain, even religious one. Since 12th to 15th century, they took part in all the events happened in the Maghreb and they merged with the Berber population shaping like this the identity and the face of Northern Africa
Souidi, Djamel. "Généalogie et pouvoir au Maghreb du IIe au VIIe siècle/VIIIe au XIIIe siècle." Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010551.
Full textFrom the second to the seventh century h, eighth to the thirtenth century J. C. , berber dynasties came into power in the maghrig. The dynasty historiography convied a message which tried to legitimate the power. While in the tenth century, the banu ziri endowed themselves with a yemeni descent, during the twelfth to the thirteenth century, the muwahhidun followed by the banu zayyan declared themselves as descendants from the prophet. The development within the genealogies led, on one part, to underline that the banu ziri, while refering to a yemeni descent, fitted into the struggles which opposed the various parties of the arab power, while on the other part, the following dynasties tended to the setting up of a caliphate power. The dynasty genealogies went with a speech which tried to justify the succession rules. Even though, berber tradition prefered the succession by the ancients, the dynasts commanded the succession by primogeniture. This way of handing over, which has been contested by the dynast family, was legitimated through the claim to the miracles which transcended tradition and made the founder enjoy of the ancestor virtues
Khelef, Mohamed Mohamed Nabjib. "L' évolution des topographies [sic] urbaines dans le maghreb médiéval : VIe-XIIIe siècle." Aix-Marseille 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX10096.
Full textBramoullé, David. "Les Fatimides et la mer (341-567/953-1171) : du rêve mystique à l'empire du large." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010635.
Full textBen, El Haj Soulami Jaafar. "La vie litteraire au maghreb sous les almohades (515-668 1121-1269)." Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040193.
Full textValérian, Dominique. "Bougie, port maghrébin à la fin du Moyen âge (1067-1510)." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010693.
Full textBenouis, El Mostafa. "Le système juridico-judiciaire almohade en Al-Andalous et au Maghreb, 542-668/1147-1269." Lyon 2, 2002. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2002/benouis_em_notice.
Full textVoguet, Élise. "Entre réalités sociales et construction juridique : le monde rural du maghreb central d'après les "Nawāzil Māzūna" (IX/XVe siècle)." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010668.
Full textDIALLO, ABDRAMANE. "Les relations commerciales et diplomatiques entre l'occident chretien et le maghreb a la fin du moyen age (13e - 16e siecles)." Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010684.
Full textGubert, Serge. "Le maître dans tous ses "états" : sujétion, théologie politique et royauté : dynastie mérinide (VIIe-IXe/XIIIe-XVe siècles)." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0002.
Full textThis thesis is spared of the ideological and symbolic program of the marinid dynasty (1269-1465). In the first part, the autor emphizes on the emergence of a new sovereign's figure, the "prepossessing mater's" (nawlâ) in the bosom of the royal house (dâr al-mulk), who finds his meaning in the kind of governence used by the marinid's sultans, among tribes, blood relationships and dependents. The second part studies the lexical construction of this figure through all the emblematical and graphical's supports (numismatic, monumental's epigraphy, diplomatical's letters, poems) to emphize the existence of a political theology centered on a two faced figure : the "master-slave" (nawlâ-abd Allâh). This statement borrows his main arguments from the islamic mystic and coincides with the Shadhilism's appearance in North Africa. The last part turns around the symbolic of power and studies the organizes convergence between historiographical topics, monumental program, emblems, and ceremonial
Garnier, Sébastien. "Les Adilla d'Ibn al-Šammāʿ (IXe/XVe siècle) : Traductions (vol. 1) et Analyse (vol. 2)." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0120.
Full textThis thesis investigates the field of political history, in its forms and discourses. The scrutinization of our corpus (Adilla, Fī ʿadad and Little Dawlatayn) led us to study the heads of the regime: the wulāt al-amr. Our work relies on their acts and the partisan narratives of their reigns. The volume of Translations (I) provides the reader with three bilingual versions of the aforementioned texts, with a revised edition.In the first part of our volume of Analysis (II), we aimed at reevaluating the text of the Adilla under the light of new datas and within a centuries-long framework. In the second part we focused on the power by examining its circulation and evolutions. In the third part we left the sword and switched to the pen. Textual means and ideological goals dictate the contents
Al, Besso Moussab. "Recherches archéozoologiques sur le Levant nord à l'âge du fer." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2078.
Full textThis work, an archaeozoological study, deals with the food economy of an Iron Age settlement, relying on the faunal remains from the site of Tell Tweini as its prime source. It also endeavours to analyse the way animals were exploited at the time in the Levantine area. In the Iron Age, animal economy was based on the breeding of domestic animals, chiefly ovicaprids and bovines, and on taking advantage of the various products it generated (meat, milk, wool, skin, etc.). Hunting and fishing had a part as well in the sustenance of Iron Age populations and provided a food supplement. The archaeozoological analysis contributes to highlighting the breeders’ know-how in running livestock and the special status held by certain animal species in the areas of commerce – especially equids and dromedaries – or of ritual life.Although general trends in the eating habits of Levant populations could be brought to light in the course of the present study, numerous specificities displayed by the remains of the different sites are worth mentioning. These can be the outcome of several factors, such as environment (i.e. climate conditions, vegetation, reliefs), the socio-political system or economic choices
Jmal, Néji. "Les titres honorifiques (al-Alqâb) musulmans au Maghreb médiéval : rôle et signification." Lyon 2, 2003. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2003/jmal_n.
Full textWhat are the roles and significance of Muslim honorary titles (laqab, p. Alqâb) in the Middle Age? Do they reflect the religious, cultural and political environments of their era? Do they represent an interest only for the administrative functions; thus do they have a historical value insofar as they are linked to specific functions. It this study we will bring some clarifications to these questions that brought interest as well as division amongst historians. Giving titles, is so well entrenched in human's minds and could be traced amongst the peoples on earth. The Arabs, before Islam, used it regularly. But at that time the predominant meaning of laqab remained pejorative. Islam, in its desire to impregnate the mentality and culture of the Arabic society did not allow its use and turned its disciples to focus onto a practice of Islam more compatible with the essence of its message. Out of the interweaving between the development of political standards, and the strict respect of religious rules, was sprung a sort of titulature, which is a framework set and conditioned by the Muslim political life all over a long time. The reference or value conveyed by these titles is multiple. The most widely used are composed of Allah, Dawla and Dîn. The selection of these three references (Allah, Dawla and Dîn) is not accidental; it is the fruit of a long process of confrontation and development of the political ideas. Allah supremacy had been reflected in being the reference and the legitimacy basis political status and identifies. Whilst the terms Dawla and Dîn, had have mirrored the controversy within the political thinking about the role and relations between both of them
Maillard, Clara. "Les papes et le Maghreb aux XIIIème et XIVème siècles, étude des lettres pontificales de 1199 à 1419." Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NANT3042.
Full textThe pontiffs had to keep contact with the Arab-Muslim world, the Eastern part naturally - Egypt and Middle East - but also the Western one - Spain and Maghrib -. That is why Innocent III was, as soon as 1199, in contact with "Miramolin, king of Morocco ". When decades later, in 1233 and 1235, Grégoire IX decided to write to the Muslim sovereigns, he sent letters to the monarchs of Bagdad, Damascus, to the Seldjoukids of Rūm as well as to "Miramolin" of Morocco and to the King of Tunis. As his eminent predecessor, he did not forget Maghrib. About two hundred and one letters, written during XIIIth and XIVth centuries and for the greater part registered in the registers of the Vatican Secret Archives, help to enlighten the position of the Holy See in regards to the Maghrib. The popes supported the attempts of expansion of the Christianity in North Africa (by preaching and crusading) but that was not their only concern. They also cared for the Christians who were still living in Maghrib : traders, mercenaries and captives. The papacy had to reconcile these two aspects and had to adapt to the reality of the life of these communities in Muslim North Africa. It was informed of different kinds of events which were taking place in the kingdoms of North Africa, especially those of Marrakesh and Tunis. To bring their politics to a successful conclusion and keep links with the Christians living in distant land, the popes kept in contact with both Christian and Muslim sovereigns, writing letters, sending messengers through the Mediterranean Sea, supporting the works of the monks in this continent and establishing a bishopric in Marrakesh
Moukraenta, Bakhta. "L' Algérie antique (Maurétanies Césarienne, Sitifienne et Numidie) à travers les sources arabes du Moyen-Age." Aix-Marseille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX10076.
Full textBen, Hsain Mesmoudi Rajae. "Approche quantitative de l'or monnayé en Occident musulman (450/1058-59 à 830/1426-27)." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010601.
Full textGold of western Arica has been undervalued for centuries. Before the fifties, the reality of this metal had not yet been put in evidentness. Only the middle age Arabs beared testimoney to the quantity and the quality of this valued meta l, which for more than six centuries was one of the basis of their monetary prestige. The purpose of this thesis was to put the gold of western africa in its exact position by analysing part of the monetary reality and by approaching partia lly the quantities of gold which left western africa between the eleventh and the fifteenth centuries. Muslim sovereigns from the west as wall as those from the east were great yellow metal's consumers. More than thirty-seven workshops in the muslim occident coined gold. With these gold coinages, we have an inkling of the truth about the reality and the importance of occidental africa and of its richness known by the muslim occident. This work can perhaps help to rediscover some historical realities previously not well known. Can we rewrite history by using the legends of the 4070 gold coins studies in this thesis
Gonzalez, Valérie. "Origine, développement et diffusion de l'émaillerie sur métal en Occident musulman." Aix-Marseille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX10039.
Full textAbidi, Salah. "La mer au Maghreb médiéval : pratiques et perceptions." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0647.
Full textThis dissertation analyses the relationship of the Maghribis with the sea in the Middle Ages and its role in the enrichment of the economical, social and mental life of the inhabitants of the shore. The Roman Mare nostrum was considered in the first centuries of Islam as the sea of the Byzantines, in opposition to the sea of Darkness, to describe the Atlantic ocean. But during the following centuries, muslims progressively take over the Mediterranean and compete with Byzance and the Latin world to master the technics of navigation and to dominate the maritim trade. Source of wealth, conquests and assertion of power, the sea engendered by the Maghribis both objective and mythological representations. Inherited from ancient civilizations, they have been constantly reshaped and enriched by the Maghribis thanks to their daily practices, but also due to their contacts with external worlds
Fadhloun, Basma. "Tradition et innovation dans l’évolution du chapiteau ibéro-maghrébin au bas Moyen Âge : le devenir d’une structure ornementale." Thesis, Paris, EPHE, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EPHE4005.
Full textThe Ibero-Maghrebian capital is one of the most characteristic forms of medieval Islamic sculpture. Prolifically produced from the 9th to the 14th century, it was constantly adapted to its social and political context, and became a prime reflection of Islamic art in the West and its evolution. In the present work I chose to focus on this architectural element because it is key, as at once architectural member and ornamental work, to understanding the art and techniques of the Ibero-Maghrebian world of the Low Middle Ages, and notably its confrontation with the Christian push of the 13th and 14th centuries. Only Nasrid, Marinid and Zayyanid cities escaped the reconquests of the 13th century, and the capital is one of the reflections of this new historical and geographical context for Islamic art in the West. To better grasp this phenomenon, I chose to study Ibero-Maghrebian Islamic capitals from a diachronic perspective. These capitals are the fruit of a long process of evolution, which I describe overall before examining the production of the three emirates and the various schools developed in the Low Middle Ages. By taking an Ibero-Maghrebian perspective, I was able to establish a novel typological framework which encompasses productions throughout the entire area. It highlights clear change over time and a diversity that reflects particularisms linked to the vitality of increasingly numerous centres of production. This evolution, marked by many regional diversifications, testifies to the rich exchanges between the emirates of the Ibero-Maghrebian cultural space
Sharf, Edden Lamya. "Normes juridiques et pratiques commerciales en ifrīqiyya hafside d’apres les nawāzil al-aḤkām d’al-burzulī et al-mi`yār d’al-wanšarīsī." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3095.
Full textNorm-practice gap or dialectical relationship? That's what this work attempted to show through a selection of fatāwā issued by the fuqahā´ of hafsid Ifrīqiyya. The interest of this research, in which we posed the question of the interaction between norm and practice, is that the hierarchy of norms, Kelsen universal principle, and principal applicable to Islamic is an except with the question of `urf. The fatāwā which are questions and answers, indicate that the fiqh has not quiet settled and the Muslim society is constantly changing/ new practices, new norms. In this work regarding the interaction between legal norms a social practice in the field of commercial transactions in medieval Ifrīqiyya. The first part is devoted to reflection on the concept of norm. The second part, is interested in applying this concept of norm to the classical Arabic normative sources (Coran, Sunna, iǧmā`, qiyās), to identify the referent normative. And the last part is devoted to exposition, translation an analysis of selected fatāwā to illustrate the interaction between norm and practice
Benchekroun, Chafik Toum. "Images et connaissances de l'Occident chrétien au Maghreb médiéval." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU20027.
Full textIt is difficult to refute the idea that a caricatural vision of the Christian West prevails in the medieval Maghreb, a vision that summarizes the Other with both general and stereotyped traits. In medieval times, Maghreb writers seem to struggle to differentiate the Christian powers from one another, often preferring to designate (what this thesis wants to call) the Mediterranean Other vaguely and remotely: "Romans", "Francs", "Christians", or more rarely "unbelievers". These appellations often appear to be thrown at random, and to be perfectly equivalent. But, although this impression is largely correct, some nuances may perhaps bring greater clarity to the state and degree of knowledge of the Other in the cultivated consciousness (in the Hegelian sense of expression) of the elite medieval Maghreb intellectuals. This other multisecular, pre-Islamic. Already, in 171, 540 years before 711, the Moors crossed the Strait of Gibraltar to attack Betic, pushed by a crop more than insufficient. Constituting a danger quite considered at the time. Already under Nero, the poet Calpurnius wrote: "trucibusque obnoxia Mauris pascua Geryonis". Although Islam comes to complete and anchor this gigantic psychological situation. The medieval Maghreb intellectual identity is based on a fantasized pre-Islamic period of Arabia of Muhammad. It must not be forgotten that Jews and Christians were simply expelled from Arabia after the death of Muhammad, for they would defile the homeland of the Prophet by their mere presence. This is a founding element of the traditional representation of Christians and Jews in the Land of Islam. This will influence the legal visions of the relations that can be undertaken between the Maghrebians and the Christian West. Thus many medieval Maghreb jurists will present as illicit trade between Maghrebians and Christians (of the West) being realized with Christian coins engraved with crosses, even engraved with Latin inscriptions quite simply. Even the relationship with the Other is therefore defined by the refusal of the Other. Because, the Christian West is Dār al-ḥarb (a land of war)
Soubira, Thomas. "Hydraulique urbaine, hydraulique oasienne : archéologie d'une ville médiévale des marges sahariennes du Maroc : hydro-histoire de Sidjilmãsa et de la plaine du Tãfilãlt." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU20007/document.
Full textWater management is a central aspect of the secular sustainability of Saharan oases and their economic dynamics. In this matter, it is important to distinguish between traditional systems and "modern" systems that have widely changed the oasian ecosystem. The oasis of Tāfīlālt (Morocco), seat of the emirate of Sid̲j̲ilmāsa and "port" of the caravan trade between the eighth and fifteenth century, is an excellent observatory of human adaptation in an arid environment. In order to have all the necessary data for our reflection on the hydraulics of Sid̲j̲ilmāsa, we have constituted a large corpus of documents, resulting from the analysis of the scientific literature around the general theme of water, focused mainly on archaeological studies and mobilization techniques. Following a contextualization of the archaeological site of Sid̲j̲ilmāsa in its oasis environment and its written documentation since the Middle Age, we establish a report of the hydraulic remains discovered since 2012 by the french-moroccan mission. Observable over all the excavation areas, these structures can be associated with the capture, supply or storage of water, as well as the disposal of wastewater. The analysis and the technical description of these remains then their insertion in a general stratigraphic context, allow us, by also mobilizing the data of the corpus, to propose functional hypotheses and an evolution of hydraulic practices in medieval Sid̲j̲ilmāsa. In the final part of the thesis, we deal in particular with the symbolic representation of water in Sid̲j̲ilmāsa conveyed since the Middle Age and changes in the way of supply of local populations over time, based on the archaeological considerations presented during all this research work and on our current observations, in order to provide an essay of hydrohistory in Tāfīlālt