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Journal articles on the topic 'Elevated plus-maze'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 July 2025

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1

Rodgers, R. J., and A. Dalvi. "Anxiety, defence and the elevated plus-maze." Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 21, no. 6 (1997): 801–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0149-7634(96)00058-9.

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2

Treit, Dallas, Janet Menard, and Cary Royan. "Anxiogenic stimuli in the elevated plus-maze." Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 44, no. 2 (1993): 463–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0091-3057(93)90492-c.

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3

Kumar, Pojala, Krishnakanth K., and Jagadeesh Alla. "Effect of Aegle marmelos methanolic extracts of leaf and fruit pulp on learning and memory in albino rats." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 9, no. 3 (2020): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20200711.

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Background: The objective was to study the effect of Aegle marmelos methanolic extracts of leaf (LE) and fruit pulp extract (FE) on learning and memory in albino rats. 40 healthy wistar albino rats of either sex were randomly divided into 10 groups of 4 each (n=4), weighing about 150 to 200 gm were selected for the study. The extracts i.e. 1ml of 1% carboxy methyl cellulose, LE and FE at doses of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg were administered per oral one hour before the experiment.Methods: Learning and memory was assessed by elevated plus maze and Hebb William maze. Latency time and number of entr

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4

Pinheiro, Simone H., Hélio Zangrossi-Jr., Cristina M. Del-Ben, and Frederico G. Graeff. "Elevated mazes as animal models of anxiety: effects of serotonergic agents." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 79, no. 1 (2007): 71–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652007000100010.

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This article reviews reported results about the effects of drugs that act upon the serotonergic neurotransmission measured in three elevated mazes that are animal models of anxiety. A bibliographic search has been performed in MEDLINE using different combinations of the key words X-maze, plus-maze, T-maze, serotonin and 5-HT, present in the title and/or the abstract, with no time limit. From the obtained abstracts, several publications were excluded on the basis of the following criteria: review articles that did not report original results, species other than the rat, intracerebral drug admin

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5

Padovan, C. M., and F. S. Guimarães. "Restraint-induced hypoactivity in an elevated plus-maze." Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 33, no. 1 (2000): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-879x2000000100011.

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6

Patel, Paresh D., Audrey F. Seasholtz, and Paritosh D. Patel. "Computer-assisted scoring of the elevated plus maze." BioTechniques 41, no. 6 (2006): 700–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.2144/000112318.

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7

Gosavi, Devesh D., Amit S. Kamdi, Suvarna M. Kalambe, and Pankaj N. Bohra. "The antianxiety activity of aqueous extract of Withania coagulans fruits in swiss albino mice by elevated plus maze." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 9, no. 9 (2020): 1337. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20203617.

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Background: Several anti-anxiety drugs used today have the numerous side effects. The Withania coagulans a rare species, is not studied much for its actions on anxiety except in late seventies where it was explored for neuropsychopharmacology. Thus, it was thought commendable to explore the anti-anxiety activities of aqueous extract of Withania coagulans fruits in swiss albino mice using elevated plus maze test.Methods: Elevated plus maze (EPM) test was used for evaluating the anti-anxiety action of Withania coagulans fruits’ aqueous extract. If the extract had anti-anxiety action, then it was

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8

Lalonde, Robert, and Catherine Strazielle. "Neuroanatomical pathways underlying the effects of hypothalamo-hypophysial-adrenal hormones on exploratory activity." Reviews in the Neurosciences 28, no. 6 (2017): 617–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revneuro-2016-0075.

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AbstractWhen injected via the intracerebroventricular route, corticosterone-releasing hormone (CRH) reduced exploration in the elevated plus-maze, the center region of the open-field, and the large chamber in the defensive withdrawal test. The anxiogenic action of CRH in the elevated plus-maze also occurred when infused in the basolateral amygdala, ventral hippocampus, lateral septum, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, nucleus accumbens, periaqueductal grey, and medial frontal cortex. The anxiogenic action of CRH in the defensive withdrawal test was reproduced when injected in the locus coer

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9

Sierra-Fonseca, Jorge A., Lyonna F. Parise, Francisco J. Flores-Ramirez, Eden H. Robles, Israel Garcia-Carachure, and Sergio D. Iñiguez. "Dorsal Hippocampus ERK2 Signaling Mediates Anxiolytic-Related Behavior in Male Rats." Chronic Stress 3 (January 2019): 247054701989703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2470547019897030.

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Background Anxiety disorders are the most common neuropathologies worldwide, but the precise neuronal mechanisms that underlie these disorders remain unknown. The hippocampus plays a role in mediating anxiety-related responses, which can be modeled in rodents using behavioral assays, such as the elevated plus maze. Yet, the molecular markers that underlie affect-related behavior on the elevated plus maze are not well understood. Methods We used herpes simplex virus vector delivery to overexpress extracellular signal-regulated kinase-2, a signaling molecule known to be involved in depression an

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10

Pawlak, Cornelius R., Britta D. Karrenbauer, Peggy Schneider, and Ying-Jui Ho. "The Elevated Plus-Maze Test: Differential Psychopharmacology of Anxiety-Related Behavior." Emotion Review 4, no. 1 (2012): 98–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754073911421374.

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The role of individual factors in behavioral neuroscience is an important, but still neglected, area of research. For example, the Elevated Plus-Maze Test has been one of the most used paradigms to gauge unconditioned aversively motivated behavior in rodents. However, despite a great number of experiments with this test there have been only few efforts to assess systematic individual variations in the elevated plus-maze and related neurobiological functions. The present review aims to give, first, a general overview and introduction about the test, and second, an animal model of anxiety based

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11

Beisenova, R. R., M. R. Khanturin, U. Fevzi, and R. S. Mustafa. "Changes in the behavior of laboratory rats after exposed exhaust gases." Bulletin of the Karaganda University “Biology medicine geography Series” 83, no. 3 (2016): 10–15. https://doi.org/10.31489/2016bmg3/10-15.

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The research of animal behavior when exposed to gasoline fumes using test systems: «Open field» and «The elevated plus maze». Descriptions characteristic for acute inhalation toxicity of gasoline, which is reflected in the subsequent behavioral responses in tests «Open field» and «The elevated plus maze». Features of the test systems and their differences. Use of vitamin D3 as correction upon exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

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12

Sharma, Pooja, Ritu Rani, Ajeet Pal Singh, and Amar Pal Singh. "Restoration of Memory Potential by Piper betel Leaves Extract in High-Fat Diet (HFD)-Induced Dementia in Mice." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 15, no. 1 (2025): 19–27. https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v15i1.6943.

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The present study has been designed to evaluate the effect of ethanolic extract of leaves of Piper betel in high fat diet (HFD) induced dementia and memory restoration effect in Albino mice by various parameters like Morris water maze (MWM) test, Elevated Plus Maze etc. and Estimation of serum total cholesterol using commercially available kit. Dementia is a syndrome in which the deterioration of cognitive functions occurs. The results of this study indicate that the administration of a high-fat diet to the Swiss mice produces a severe deterioration of spatial memory as determined by the Morri

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13

Bespalov, Anton, and Thomas Steckler. "Pharmacology of Anxiety or Pharmacology of Elevated Plus Maze?" Biological Psychiatry 89, no. 12 (2021): e73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.11.026.

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14

Onaivi, E. S., M. R. Green, and B. R. Martin. "Pharmacological characterization of cannabinoids in the elevated plus maze." Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 253, no. 3 (1990): 1002–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3565(25)13195-9.

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15

Yamada, K., Y. Santo-Yamada, E. Wada, and K. Wada. "NMB-R-deficient mouse in the elevated plus maze." Molecular Psychiatry 7, no. 1 (2002): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.mp.4000993.

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16

Guimarães, F. S., T. M. Chiaretti, F. G. Graeff, and A. W. Zuardi. "Antianxiety effect of cannabidiol in the elevated plus-maze." Psychopharmacology 100, no. 4 (1990): 558–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02244012.

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17

Sirisha, Annavarapu, Rajesh Dupaguntla, and Marupaka Janardhan. "Anxiolytic Effect of Zinc Oxide in Wistar Albino Rats: An Elevated PlusMaze Study." International Journal of Toxicological and Pharmacological Research 14, no. 8 (2024): 155–60. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14169915.

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<strong>Introduction:</strong> Anxiety disorders are prevalent psychiatric illnesses, and the search for effective treatments with minimal side effects continues. Zinc, an essential micro-nutrient, plays a crucial role in central nervous system physiology and has been implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders. <strong>Methods:</strong> This study evaluated the anxiolytic activity of zinc oxide in albino rats using the elevated plus-maze model. Rats were divided into seven groups and administered zinc oxide (7.5, 15, 30 mg/kg) or diazepam (1, 2 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. Parameters

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18

G, Rachana, Jyothi Y, Deekshitha A, Harshitha S, and Lalhriatpuii. "Evaluation of Anxiolytic Activity of Methanolic Extract of Rhizome of Bergenia ciliata (Pashanbheda) in Swiss Albino Mice." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 16, no. 46 (2023): 4421–28. https://doi.org/10.17485/IJST/v16i46.2990.

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Abstract <strong>Objectives:</strong> To evaluate the possible anxiolytic activity of methanolic extract of Bergenia ciliata rhizome (MEBC) in Swiss albino mice.<strong> Methods:</strong> The methanolic extract of the rhizome of Bergenia ciliata was tested on various conventional animal models, such as the elevated plus maze, staircase, social interaction, and light/dark model. MEBC with 200mg/kg & 400mg/kg dose in 1% of carboxy methyl cellulose, diazepam with 2mg/kg dose,1% of Carboxy Methyl Cellulose was used as vehicle control in the study. <strong>Findings:</strong>

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19

Bhargavan, Divya, Suchetha Kumari, and Deepa B. "EVALUATION OF NOOTROPIC ACTIVITY OF ACHYRANTHES ASPERA LEAVES EXTRACT IN WISTAR RATS." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 12 (2018): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i12.28314.

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Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the nootropic activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Achyranthes aspera leaves using elevated plus maze and radial arm maze.Methods: Adult Wistar rats were allotted to three groups; Group 1 served as control, Groups 2 and 3 received 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of AA extract, respectively, orally for 2 weeks after which the extent of improvement of memory was assessed.Results: AA showed nootropic activity in both elevated plus maze and radial arm maze. 200 mg/kg of AA extract showed better improvement in learning and memory compared to 400 mg/kg.

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20

Schwarting, Rainer K. W., and Andreas Borta. "Analysis of behavioral asymmetries in the elevated plus-maze and in the T-maze." Journal of Neuroscience Methods 141, no. 2 (2005): 251–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2004.06.013.

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21

Fernandes, Cathy, and Sandra E. File. "The influence of open arm ledges and maze experience in the elevated plus-maze." Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 54, no. 1 (1996): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0091-3057(95)02171-x.

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22

Hogas, M., A. Ciobica, Simona Hogas, Veronica Bild, and L. Hritcu. "The effects of the administration of two different doses of manganese on short-term spatial memory and anxiety-like behavior in rats." Archives of Biological Sciences 63, no. 4 (2011): 1031–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs1104031h.

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Manganese is a very well known neurotoxic agent. It has been mainly linked to impaired motor skills and disturbed psychomotor development. However, very few aspects are known about the cognitive deficits and behavioral consequences of chronic manganese exposure. In this context, we report herein our findings regarding short-term spatial memory, motor and anxiety-like behavior assessments in male Wistar rats exposed for 45 days to two different doses (3 mg/kg b.w., i.p. and 10 mg/kg b.w., i.p.) of manganese. Behavior testing (Y-maze task and elevated plus maze) was performed after 45 days of ma

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23

Schneider, Erich, Ji-Liang Gao, Gibran Holmes, Stephen Fowler, Stephen Peiper, and Philip Murphy. "Behavior-modulating function of the Duffy Antigen Receptor for Chemokines (DARC) in mice under homeostatic conditions (44.24)." Journal of Immunology 188, no. 1_Supplement (2012): 44.24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.188.supp.44.24.

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Abstract DARC binds promiscuously many inflammatory chemokines without intracellular signal transduction. It is mainly expressed on endothelial cells of postcapillary venules and on erythrocytes, where it acts as a transendothelial chemokine transporter and as a chemokine sink, respectively. Surprisingly, DARC was also shown to be expressed at high density in the cerebellum of human and mouse brain, but with as yet unknown function. We addressed this question by subjecting C57Bl/6 wildtype and DARC-deficient mice to behavior experiments including Morris water maze-, elevated plus maze-, rotaro

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24

Abhishek K, Harshith Kumar R, and Rakesh Kumar Jat. "NEUROPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF ACALYPHA WILKESIANA IN MANAGEMENT OF NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES." Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences 11, no. 6 (2024): 01–11. https://doi.org/10.61280/tjpls.v11i6.167.

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To evaluate the neuroprotective activity of Ethanolic extract of leaves of Acalypha wilkesiana (EELAW) using Elevated Plus Maze in mice model. Neuroprotective activity in Alzheimer’s disease was assessed in mice by using Elevated Plus Maze. The present study was undertaken to establish the potential of EELAW as a memory enhancer. The elevated plus maze was employed to evaluate learning and memory parameters. Two doses (250 and 500 mg/kg, po.) of EELAW were administered for 8 successive days to mice. The 200 mg/kg dose of EELAW has significantly improved learning and memory in mice and also rev

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25

Patil, Krishnagouda, Suneel Kumar Reddy, Rahul H. D., Latha S., and Santhosh Kumar M. "Evaluation of anxiolytic activity of encapsulated flax seed oil alone and as an adjuvant in Swiss Albino mice." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 6, no. 12 (2017): 2900. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20175215.

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Background: Anxiety is a psychological and physiological state characterized by somatic, emotional, cognitive, and behavioural components with displeasing feeling of fear and concern. Among all the antianxiety drugs benzodiazepines are commonly employed drugs for the treatment but they do have limitations. Considering the high prevalence of anxiety disorders and lack of an ideal anxiolytic drug, search for better anxiolytic drugs continue. Medicinal plants are an inexhaustible source and continue to get explored in the search for new drugs.Methods: Antianxiety activity of Flax seed oil was eva

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26

Fernandes, Zeena, Prasanna Shama Khandige, and Ullas Prakash D'Souza. "Anxiolytic potential of Perseaamericana M. by elevated plus maze test." Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology 13, no. 7 (2020): 3326. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-360x.2020.00590.9.

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27

Estanislau, Celio, and Silvio Morato. "Behavior ontogeny in the elevated plus‐maze: prenatal stress effects." International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience 24, no. 4 (2006): 255–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2006.03.001.

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28

Sziray, N., G. Gigler, G. Levay, L. G. Harsing, and I. Gacsalyi. "The elevated plus maze test in mice-difficulties and solutions." International Journal of Psychophysiology 69, no. 3 (2008): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2008.05.116.

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29

Sorregotti, Tatiani, Joyce Mendes-Gomes, Javier Leonardo Rico, Robert John Rodgers, and Ricardo Luiz Nunes-de-Souza. "Ethopharmacological analysis of the open elevated plus-maze in mice." Behavioural Brain Research 246 (June 2013): 76–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2013.02.035.

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30

Guimarães, F. S., J. C. de Aguiar, R. Mechoulam, and A. Breuer. "Anxiolytic effect of cannabidiol derivatives in the elevated plus-maze." General Pharmacology: The Vascular System 25, no. 1 (1994): 161–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-3623(94)90027-2.

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31

Cruz, A. P. M., F. Frei, and F. G. Graeff. "Ethopharmacological analysis of rat behavior on the elevated plus-maze." Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 49, no. 1 (1994): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0091-3057(94)90472-3.

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32

López-Crespo, G. A., P. Flores, F. Sánchez-Santed, and M. C. Sánchez-Amate. "Acute high dose of chlorpyrifos alters performance of rats in the elevated plus-maze and the elevated T-maze." NeuroToxicology 30, no. 6 (2009): 1025–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuro.2009.07.009.

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33

Tiwari, Prashant, Nirjharini Patel, Susmita Jena, Shakti Ketan Prusty, and Pratap Kumar Sahu. "METFORMIN PREVENTS PHENYTOIN INDUCED COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT." INDIAN DRUGS 57, no. 01 (2020): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.57.01.12021.

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Cognitive impairment is one of the major problems associated with antiepileptic drugs. Phenytoin is one of the widely used anticonvulsant drugs, but it adversely affects learning and memory on prolonged use due to generation of reactive oxygen species. Metformin promotes neurogenesis, enhances spatial memory function and protects the brain against oxidative imbalance. Metformin, due to its interference with apoptotic cascade, prevents cell death. Hence the present study was undertaken to evaluate the nootropic effects of metformin against phenytoin induced cognitive impairment by using several

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34

Dhingra, Dinesh, and Varun Kumar. "Memory-Enhancing Activity of Palmatine in Mice Using Elevated Plus Maze and Morris Water Maze." Advances in Pharmacological Sciences 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/357368.

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The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of palmatine on memory of Swiss young male albino mice. Palmatine (0.1, 0.5, 1 mg/kg,i.p.) and physostigmine (0.1 mg/kg,i.p.) per se were administered for 10 successive days to separate groups of mice. Effect of drugs on learning and memory of mice was evaluated using elevated plus maze and Morris water maze. Brain acetylcholinesterase activity was also estimated. Effect of palmatine on scopolamine- and diazepam-induced amnesia was also investigated. Palmatine (0.5 and 1 mg/kg) and physostigmine significantly improved learning and memory of

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35

Bild, W., L. Hritcu, A. Ciobica, V. Artenie, and I. Haulica. "Comparative Effects of Captopril, Losartan and PD123319 on the Memory Processes in Rats." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)71093-4.

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Aims:Renin-angiotensin system in the central nervous system participates in the processing of sensory information, learning and memory processes. Inhibitors of renin-angiotensin system, particularly angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor antagonists are reported to have potential effects in various learning and memory processes. In the present study we assessed the effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor captopril and the angiotensin AT1 receptors antagonists, lostartan and PD123319, in learning and memory processes by means of Y-maze and passive avoida

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36

Pascual, Rodrigo, and S. Zamora-León. "Effects of neonatal maternal deprivation and postweaning environmental complexity on dendritic morphology of prefrontal pyramidal neurons in the rat." Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis 67, no. 4 (2007): 471–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.55782/ane-2007-1663.

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It has been reported that periodic maternal separation in rats leads to a variety of endure behavioral, neurochemical and microstructural sequelae associated with the pathophysiology of anxiety disorders. Since it has been proposed that these changes might be permanent, we examined whether environmental complexity aid to recover the structural dendritic impairment induced by neonatal maternal deprivation in the medial prefrontal cortex of the rat. In addition, the anxiety-like behavior was assessed in the elevated plus-maze. Repeated maternal separation between postnatal days 6–21 (3 hours dai

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37

Akash, Akash, Ritu Rani, Ajeet Pal Singh, and Amar Pal Singh. "Animals Use to Find Anxiolytic Activity: An Updated Review with Advantage of Each Model." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 14, no. 3 (2024): 210–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v14i3.6488.

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Anxiety affects both humans and animals in profound ways, and understanding its psychological and biological components is essential to the development of anxiolytic medications. Animal models are utilized as simulations to explain emotional activities and as screening tools in anxiety research. Rats are the animal model used most often; mice, a more genetically flexible mammal, do less well in animal models. Behavioral investigations need careful consideration of changeable characteristics related to handling, climate, or models. To help us better understand the neurobiological elements of an

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M.S., Ranawat, Amrutkar S.V, and Phargharmol P. "Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of 3-alkyl/aryl–2- methylquinazolin-4-one Derivatives." International Journal of Drug Design and Discovery 2, no. 2 (2024): 452–57. https://doi.org/10.37285/ijddd.2.2.3.

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Quinazolin-4-ones with 2, 3-disubstitution is reported to possess significant analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anticonvulsant activities. We have developed an efficient method for the synthesis of 3-substituted-2-methylquinazolin-4-one by the condensation reaction of Anthranilic acid, acetic anhydride with various amines. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for anxiolytic activity by Elevated plus Maze Test and Light and Dark Test. It is observed that the aliphatic and aromatic substitution at 3-position of 2-methylquinazolin-4-one gives potent anxiolytic activity. In particular, ENA show

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39

Santos, Raliny O., Gabriela L. M. de Assunção, Diogo M. B. de Medeiros, et al. "Evaluation of the Effect of Acute Sibutramine in Female Rats in the Elevated T-Maze and Elevated Plus-Maze Tests." Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology 114, no. 2 (2013): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bcpt.12131.

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40

Estanislau, Celio, and Silvio Morato. "Prenatal stress produces more behavioral alterations than maternal separation in the elevated plus-maze and in the elevated T-maze." Behavioural Brain Research 163, no. 1 (2005): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2005.04.003.

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41

Oliveira, A. A., and S. Morato. "EXPOSURE TO AN ELEVATED PLATFORM MODIFIES RAT EXPLORATORY BEHAVIOUR IN THE ELEVATED PLUS-MAZE." Behavioural Pharmacology 9, no. 1 (1998): S68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008877-199808000-00154.

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42

Oliveira, A. A., and S. Morato. "EXPOSURE TO AN ELEVATED PLATFORM MODIFIES RAT EXPLORATORY BEHAVIOUR IN THE ELEVATED PLUS-MAZE." Behavioural Pharmacology 9, Supplement (1998): S68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008877-199808001-00154.

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43

Oliveira, A. A., and S. Morato. "EXPOSURE TO AN ELEVATED PLATFORM MODIFIES RAT EXPLORATORY BEHAVIOUR IN THE ELEVATED PLUS-MAZE." Behavioural Pharmacology 9, no. 1 (1998): S68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008877-199812001-00154.

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44

Turner, Ryan C., Michael J. Seminerio, Zachary J. Naser, et al. "Effects of aging on behavioral assessment performance: implications for clinically relevant models of neurological disease." Journal of Neurosurgery 117, no. 3 (2012): 629–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2012.5.jns112224.

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Object Despite the role of aging in development of neurological and neurodegenerative diseases, the effects of age are often disregarded in experimental design of preclinical studies. Functional assessment increases the clinical relevance of animal models of neurological disease and adds value beyond traditional histological measures. However, the relationship between age and functional impairment has not been systematically assessed through a battery of functional tests. Methods In this study, various sensorimotor and behavioral tests were used to evaluate effects of aging on functional perfo

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45

Akinpelu, Lateef A., Muritala A. Adebayo, Oyeronke M. Aiyelero, Oluwasegun I. Eniaiyewu, Raymond T. Bobra, and Somtochukwu O. Anyacho. "Anxiolytic and antiamnesic potentials of <i>Terminalia</i> A. Chev (Combretaceae) stem and root bark methanol extracts in mice." Nigerian Journal of Pharmacy 58, no. 2 (2024): 332–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.51412/psnnjp.2024.31.

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Background: Terminalia ivorensis (Chev) stem bark is used in combating mental illnesses in African traditional medicine. Previous studies demonstrated its antipsychotic properties but there are no documented reports on the anxiolytic and antiamnesic properties of Terminalia ivorensis. Hence, this study investigated the anxiolytic and antiamnesic potentials of methanol stem bark and root barkextracts of T. ivorensis in mice. Methods: The anxiolytic potentials of stem and root bark methanol extracts at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w were investigated using mouse model of anxiety (elevated plus maze

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Ivanova, E. A., A. G. Vasilchuk, A. I. Matyushkin, and T. A. Voronina. "Effect of multiple-dose regimens of cyclooxygenase inhibitors and their combinations with mexidol on behavior in mature rats." Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, no. 1 (May 10, 2023): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37489/2587-7836-2023-1-33-40.

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Effects of multiple-dose regimens (oral, daily, once a day for 15 days) of cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors etoricoxib (1 and 10 mg/kg), diclofenac sodium (1 and 5 mg/kg) and their combinations with 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine succinate (mexidol 25 mg/kg) on rat behavior were studied in the open field test, rotarod test and elevated plus maze test. Exploratory (in open field test) and locomotor (in rotarod test) behavior of rats was significantly weakened only by the non-selective COX inhibitor diclofenac sodium at 5 mg/kg, which is due to the peripheral side effect of the drug. The sele

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Ugwu, Anthony Odinaka, Oliver Asogwa Patrick, Nathaniel Kumar Sarella Prakash, Samuel Otuodi1 Asogwa, and Kakarparthy Ravishankar. "Nootropic Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Zingiber officinale and Centella asiatica on Stress Induced Rats." International Journal of Current Science Research and Review 06, no. 06 (2023): 3240–45. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8025900.

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<strong>ABSTRACT: </strong>Nootropics, natural or synthetic substances that boost brain function and cognitive abilities, were investigated in this study. Specifically, the effects of <em>Zingiber officinale</em> and <em>Centella asiatica</em> extracts were compared to the standard nootropic piracetam. Both plant extracts demonstrated nootropic activity and contained phytochemicals like flavonoids, tannins, and saponins that protect the brain from oxidative damage. Sterols such as stigmasterol inhibiting acetyl CoA esterase activity were also present. Tests were conducted on rats given the ext

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Bertoglio, L. J., and A. P. Carobrez. "Prior maze experience required to alter midazolam effects in rats submitted to the elevated plus-maze." Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 72, no. 1-2 (2002): 449–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0091-3057(02)00710-4.

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Silva, M. R. P., M. M. Bernardi, A. G. Nasello, and L. F. Felicio. "Influence of lactation on motor activity and elevated plus maze behavior." Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 30, no. 2 (1997): 241–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-879x1997000200013.

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Tropp, Jennifer, and Etan J. Markus. "Behavioral strategy shifts with training: Rats on an elevated plus maze." Psychobiology 27, no. 4 (1999): 480–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03332143.

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