Academic literature on the topic 'Elevated Water Tank'

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Journal articles on the topic "Elevated Water Tank"

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Indhudhar, C. M., Dr K. P. Shivananda, and Dr J. K. Dattatreya. "Cost Optimization of Elevated INTZE Water Tank." Bonfring International Journal of Man Machine Interface 4, Special Issue (July 30, 2016): 128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/bijmmi.8169.

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Tripathi, Sandesh Sagar, and Kamal Bahadur Thapa. "Seismic Performance of Elevated Reinforced Concrete Water Tanks." Journal of the Institute of Engineering 16, no. 1 (April 12, 2021): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v16i1.36535.

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Most of the codal provisions used worldwide for the design of elevated water tanks incorporates the nonlinear response through reduction factor that considers overstrength, ductility and redundancy. The majority of these codes provide a value which incorporates the demand of their geological condition and construction industry. In Nepal, there is lack of own guidelines and codes for the seismic design of elevated water tanks. In the present work, seismic performance of elevated reinforced concrete (RC) Intze type water tank is evaluated and value of the response reduction factor (R) for the design of such tank is determined. In this research work 34 models of elevated reinforced water tank were analyzed using SAP 2000 to evaluate the seismic performance with varying tank filling condition and staging height for 450 cumec and 225 cumec capacity. Based on the results, it is concluded that single value of response reduction factor cannot be justified for all heights and capacity of elevated RC water tank. So, for economical design purpose, estimation of response reduction factor with exact analysis is preferred.
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Naik, Swathi C., and M. S. Bhandiwad. "Seismic Analysis and Optimization of a Rectangular Elevated Water Tank." Bonfring International Journal of Man Machine Interface 4, Special Issue (July 30, 2016): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/bijmmi.8161.

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Chaudhari, Mr Rohit Kiran. "Non-Linear Time History Analysis of an Elevated Water Tank." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 30, 2021): 4327–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35939.

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It was discovered that reinforced concrete elevated water tanks with frame staging outperformed reinforced concrete elevated water tanks with shaft staging in terms of seismic resistance. These can be due to the frame staging's seismic energy absorption capability. As a result, the primary goal of this research is to better understand the seismic behavior and performance characteristics of elevated water tanks with frame staging. Furthermore, when compared to other shapes, circular tanks have the smallest surface area for a given tank size. As a result, the amount of material needed for a circular water tank is less than for other shapes. As a result, a circular water tank was chosen, and seismic analysis of elevated RC circular water tanks was carried out according to IITK-GSDMA guidelines, with the behavior of the water tank analysed for various parameters such as zone factor, soil condition, and different staging heights. SAP 2000 was used to determine the structure's modal characteristics (mode shapes and modal participation mass ratio).
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Kotrasová, Kamila. "Elevated Tank Due to Earthquake Even." Transactions of the VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava, Civil Engineering Series. 17, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tvsb-2017-0024.

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Abstract Elevated reservoirs are mainly used for storing of variety water. During earthquake activity the fluid exerts impulsive and convective (sloshing) effects on the walls and bottom of tank. This paper provides theoretical background for analytical calculating of elevated water tank due to earthquake even and deals with simplified seismic design procedures for elevated tanks.
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Karvekar, Asst Prof A. V. "Comparative Analysis & Design of Elevated Storage Reservoir (ESR) By Manually & Software." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 9 (September 30, 2021): 1006–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38108.

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Abstract: Water tanks are important public utility and industrial structure. The design and construction method used in reinforced concrete are influenced by the prevailing construction practices ,the physical property of the material and the climatic conditions water tanks are classified on the basis of their shape and position of structure storage reservoirs and overhead tank are used to store water all tanks are designed as crack free structure to eliminate any leakage . The principle objective of this project is to plan, analysis and design a circular overhead tank of 750lakh litters capacity. In this project all structural elements of circular water tank are analysed and design by using manually and ETAB software . this project giuesin brief ,The theory behind the design of liquid retaining structures (Elevated circular water tank ) using limit state method with reference to IS: 3370 (2009)and IS456:2000 The behaviour of structure for the parameters like story drift ,displacement stiffness ,deflection ,storey shear ,base shear , area of steel ,for circular water tank are studied on ETAB software and then comparison of the results is made between manually design By this study we say that the circular water tank analysis and design on ETAB software is more economical and safe than manually design of water tank. Keywords: Circular water tank , Seismic pressure, Population Forcasting, Limit state method ,working stress method , ETAB .
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Hadj-Djelloul, Nasser Dine, and M. Djermane. "Effect of Geometric Imperfection on the Dynamic of Elevated Water Tanks." Civil Engineering Journal 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 85–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2020-03091455.

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The elevated tanks are considered as very sensitive structures in seismic movement condition. Moreover, the conical steel tank manufacturing without local geometric imperfection seems to be too difficult. In generally, the latter is the most responsible factor to define the shell structures buckling capacity. For this reason, several theoretical and experimental researchers studied the performance of this type of structure under seismic loading. The present study aims to demonstrate the local geometric imperfection effect on dynamic buckling of elevated water tank. Using the three dimensions finite element technique to study the seismic response of perfect and imperfect elevated water tank was established taking into account the following factors; the interaction fluid structure (FSI), the wall flexibility, the local geometric imperfection, the nonlinear time history analysis, the material and geometric nonlinearity, and this by the application of three different instability criteria for the critical PGA estimate. The critical PGA of the imperfect elevated water tank numerical models decreased by 45, 45% compared to the elevated water tank numerical model without local geometric imperfection. The obtained results confirm the local geometric imperfection effect on dynamic buckling of elevated water tanks.
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Ghosh, Aparna Dey, Soumi Bhattacharyya, and Anuja Roy. "On the Seismic Performance of Elevated Water Tanks and their Control Using TLDs." Key Engineering Materials 569-570 (July 2013): 270–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.569-570.270.

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The post-earthquake function of elevated water tank structures so as respond to the civil water requirements is of extreme significance. These structures are, however, extremely vulnerable to seismic conditions and there has been substantial damage/failure of several such structures during major earthquakes. A review of the damage and performance of some elevated water tanks subjected to earthquakes is presented in this paper. An investigation is also made on the seismic vibration control of elevated water tank structures by using Tuned Liquid Dampers (TLDs). A frequency domain formulation for the transfer function of the elevated water tank with attached TLDs is developed. Numerical studies on a reinforced concrete elevated water tank with shaft type support are carried out. The effect of detuning on the performance of the TLDs due to the change in the structural frequencies resulting from the fluctuating water level in the water tank is also examined. Results indicate that it is possible to design a fairly robust and effective TLD system for the seismic vibration mitigation of the considered elevated water tank.
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Khedikar, Prof Amey R. "Seismic Analysis and Comparative Study of Elevated Storage Tank by GSDMA Guidelines." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 30, 2021): 5342–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36164.

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A container to store water in a huge amount of capacity can simply be called as the water tank. During the earthquakes, all these liquid storage tanks get collapsed or damaged heavily. 40 to 65 years is the feasible lifetime of an ESR in general. Shortage of drinking water, utilizing water, uncontrolled fires, etc are some unexpected events caused due to any damage or collapse of the tanks. Water tank parameters include various designs of tanks and different way of construction, materials, linings etc. Different materials are used for the construction and development of water tanks such as: - plastic, concrete, steel, fiberglass, etc. Therefore, to avoid all those unwanted events in the future various studies have been carried out regarding different types, shapes of water tanks. In this research, Elevated Service Reservoir (E.S.R) is being compared of shape Rectangular & Circular water tanks of capacity 5lakh litres and a total height of 18m with 3m, 4.5m staging height in Earthquake Zone V by Equivalent static analysis using STAAD.PRO software and referring GSDMA guidelines for the design of a tank and IS 1893 PART2-2014 code. By studying all the observations and results, it shows that Circular water tank is more preferable and economical for use.
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., Nishigandha R. Patil. "SEISMIC BEHAVIOR OF ELEVATED WATER TANK." International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology 04, no. 05 (May 25, 2015): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2015.0405025.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Elevated Water Tank"

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Dahal, Purna Prasad. "Dynamic Analysis of a Frame-Supported Elevated Water Tank." OpenSIUC, 2013. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1206.

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Elevated water tanks are widely used to store water for drinking as well as for fire extinguishing purposes. After a severe earthquake, the need of water for drinking as well as fire control will increase dramatically. To ensure that water tanks remain functional after an earthquake, proper analysis method should be followed in order to calculate the response of a structure for earthquake. In this study, the lateral forces developed during earthquake are investigated from commercially available SAP2000 software and the results are compared with the 2006 edition of the ACI standard "Seismic Design of Liquid-Containing Concrete Structures and Commentary" (ACI 350.3-06). The elevated concrete tank is modeled for full, half-full and empty conditions. Linear modal time history analysis is performed using scaled ground motions. Three-directional ground motion records from five different earthquakes have been scaled to the design level and applied to the structure. Sloshing behavior of water inside the tank and the effect of vertical ground motion on the columns have been investigated. It is found that, vertical ground motions can increase the axial forces in columns by up to 20 %, and the ACI 350.3-06 design method is not always conservative. As seismic response depends on both the dynamic properties of the structure and the spectral characteristics of ground motions, more research is needed to understand and model the seismic response of elevated water tanks.
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Gurkalo, Filip. "An investigation into the analysis of innovative slit reinforced concrete shafts design in elevated water tanks in seismic regions." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2016. http://arro.anglia.ac.uk/701476/.

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Elevated water tanks are used within water distribution facilities in order to provide storage and necessary pressure in water network systems. During the occurrence of a severe seismic event, the failure or severe damages in the reinforced concrete shaft could result in the total collapse of the structure. In a reinforced concrete shaft, plastic hinge formation only occurs at the base of the shaft and nonlinear resources of the rest of the shaft remains unexploited. This research presents an innovative technique for the assembly of shafts for elevated water tanks, using the slits in the reinforced concrete shaft design, which reduces the stress concentration at the shaft base and distributes stresses uniformly along the height of the shaft. The main aim of this study was to investigate the nonlinear seismic performance of the innovative RC slit shaft of the elevated water tanks by means of a finite element approach. The capacity spectrum and time history analyses were carried out to understand the nonlinear behaviour of the proposed support system. The results revealed that the slit width in the reinforced concrete shaft directly affected the failure mode and stiffness of the elevated water tanks. It was concluded that, with an appropriate design, the conversion of a solid shaft into a slit shaft can significantly increase the ductility of a reinforced concrete shaft, but there would be a slight reduction in the lateral strength. Furthermore, the results revealed that crack propagation was more uniform along the height of the slit shafts in comparison to the solid shaft and the ductility of the shafts increases as the slits become wider. Conclusively, this study showed that introducing the slits in the shaft could result in a significant reduction in the seismic response values of the elevated water tank, resulting in an economical design of the shaft structure and the foundation system.
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Cusimayta, Gonzales Mauricio Eddy, and Salazar Sebastián Omar Velarde. "Influencia de la Interacción Suelo-Estructura en fuerzas internas y deformaciones de una muestra de reservorios elevados tipo INTZE de volúmenes de 800m3, 1000m3 y 1500m3 sobre placas circulares de cimentación." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/625876.

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Esta investigación busca evaluar la Interacción entre el Suelo y la Estructura (ISE) en reservorios elevados tipo INTZE de tres diferentes capacidades, cimentados en diferentes tipos de suelos, ubicados en la zona con más peligro sísmico en el Perú. Para esto se planteó realizar una muestra de 27 configuraciones estructurales, con variaciones de altura y diámetro del fuste, y diámetro de losa de cimentación, las cuales están cimentadas en cuatro tipos de suelos de acuerdo con la norma Sismorresistente E.030-16. Se evaluará la influencia de la carga sísmica, mediante un análisis dinámico espectral definido por los lineamientos de las normas nacionales E.030-16 y complementariamente por códigos y estándares internacionales como el ACI 350.3-06. Para el dimensionamiento de los reservorios se aplicó el criterio de Otto Intze, análisis estático de esfuerzos y criterios del código ACI 350.3-06 y ACI 307-48. Estos reservorios fueron modelados en el software SAP2000, contando con 216 simulaciones en total. Se aplicó el modelo de Housner (1963) para la Interacción Fluido-Estructura y para la ISE se aplicó el modelo recomendado por el código FEMA P-750. Para analizar los resultados de interés, como las fuerzas internas en el fuste, la cortante basal, momento de volteo, desplazamientos y periodos, se aplicó la prueba de normalidad de Shapiro Wilk para la variación porcentual que se genera al evaluar la ISE, con el fin de determinar intervalos de variación con una probabilidad del 95%. Además, se aplicó la prueba de independencia Chi-Cuadrado para determinar cuantitativamente si la ISE influye en la reducción de las respuestas de interés. Se concluye de la prueba de independencia que, para un nivel de significancia de 15% la ISE influye en la reducción de la fuerza cortante basal y momento de volteo. Así mismo, para un nivel de significancia de 5% la ISE influye en la reducción de las fuerzas internas locales de fuste.
This research seeks to evaluate the soil structure interaction (SSI) in elevated water tanks of three different capacities, founded on different types of soil, all located in the most seismic hazard zone in Peru. Twenty-seven models were evaluated, all with different structural adjustments, including variations in the capacity, height, and diameter of the foundation slab, which are founded on four types of soil, according to the Peruvian Code for Earthquake Resistant Design E.030-16. We are going to analyze the seismic load influence through a spectral dynamic analysis, according to the Peruvian Code E.030-16, and the ACI 350.3-06 code for elevated tanks. For the sizing of the elevated tanks, the Otto Intze criterion, the static stress analysis, the ACI 350.3-06 and the ACI 307-48 code were applied. These elevated water tanks were modeled in the SAP2000 software, with 216 simulations. The Housner model (1963) was applied for the Fluid Structure Interaction, and for the Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI), we applied the model recommended by the FEMA P-750 code. To analyze the results of interest, such as internal forces in the shaft, base shear, rocking moment, displacements and periods, we applied the Shapiro Wilk normality test for the percentage variation that is generated when we evaluate the SSI, in order to determinate variations intervals with a probability of 95%. Also, we applied the Chi-Square test of independence to determinate, quantitatively, if the results are influenced by the SSI. We concluded, from the independence test that, for a significance level of 15%, the SSI influences the reduction of the basal shear force and the rocking moment. Likewise, for a significance of 5%, the SSI influences the reduction of the internal shaft forces.
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Lin, Shin-Kun, and 林詩坤. "Development of Fragility Curves of Elevated Water Tanks." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50909908936759620151.

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碩士
中華技術學院
土木防災工程研究所
94
The elevated water tanks play an important role in the science industrial park in Taiwan. The damage of this water tanks leads to a severe impact in the high-tech science industrial parks. The objective of this research is to construct the fragility curves of elevated water tanks situated on the various site soil conditions. Two elevated water tanks with 300tf and 3000tf capacity serve as two representative structures to conduct a rigorous nonlinear time history analysis. A nonlinear time history analysis is performed with the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake and the 2002 Hualien earthquake on the various site to account for the effect of variation of input ground excitation. The filled water tanks with different capacity are performed to identify the different failure modes and to construct the corresponding fragility curves.
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Chen, Yun-Lon, and 陳雲龍. "Analysis of Fragility of Elevated Water Tanks with Base Uplift Foundations." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31854364126213764902.

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碩士
中華技術學院
土木防災工程研究所
95
The objective of this research is to develop the fragility curves of elevated water tanks with base-lifting foundations. Previous researchers mostly have an extensive study on the free-standing, unanchored liquid-storage tanks, but none of them include elevated water tanks with base-lifting foundations. In reality, the consideration in design of an elevated water tank with spread footing on the stiff site is added concrete at the bottom of column to avoid overturning of tanks. However, the risk of overturning of tanks is increased with the increase of intensity of lateral seismic ground accelerations- particularly, near fault earthquakes. A case study of a three thousand tones of an elevated water tank situated at the industrial park is performed a nonlinear time history analysis. For comparison, the foundation of tanks is classified into one with the base fixed on the ground and the other base-uplifting allowed. Reinforced concrete walls are simulated as shell elements, a circular foundation modeled as solid elements, the gap between foundation and soil represented with nonlinear interface elements, and Housner’s equivalent liquid mechanism adopted to reflect the impulsive and sloshing masses. Empty and full-liquid tanks are accounted for upper and lower bounds of liquid depths in the tanks. Hanging walls and footwalls of near fault earthquakes in the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquakes served as an input ground excitation. The vulnerability of the tank is identified with the fragility curves to correlated PGA and the damage states of tanks. The fragility curves of an elevated tank with base-uplifting can provide an design reference for tanks on the area prone to earthquake attack.
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Books on the topic "Elevated Water Tank"

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 World Outlook for Custom Fabricated and Field-Erected Ferrous Metal Elevated Bulk Storage Tanks for Water. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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The 2006-2011 World Outlook for Custom Fabricated and Field-Erected Ferrous Metal Elevated Bulk Storage Tanks for Water. Icon Group International, Inc., 2005.

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The 2006-2011 World Outlook for Custom Fabricated and Field-Erected Ferrous Metal Elevated Bulk Storage Tanks for Dry Materials for Liquids Excluding Water. Icon Group International, Inc., 2005.

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Book chapters on the topic "Elevated Water Tank"

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Nath, Sutanuka, and Atanu Kumar Dutta. "Influence of Soil–Structure Interaction in Elevated Water Tank." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 399–410. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6233-4_28.

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Manchalwar, Sakshi A., and V. Verghese. "Seismic Response Reduction of RC Frame Staging in Elevated Water Tank." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 61–69. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6463-5_7.

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Patel, Chirag N., and H. S. Patel. "Seismic Response of RC Elevated Water Tank Considering Site Specific Acceleration Time History." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 451–63. New Delhi: Springer India, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1656-8_41.

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Patel, Chirag N., and H. S. Patel. "Soil-Foundation-Structure Interaction Effects in Seismic Behaviour of RC Elevated Water Tank." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 465–77. New Delhi: Springer India, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1656-8_42.

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Jogi, Pranitha, and B. R. Jayalekshmi. "Effect of Soil-Structure Interaction on the Seismic Response of Elevated Water Tank." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 237–48. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4617-1_19.

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Minnekanti, Meghana, and Mallika Alapati. "Effect of Baffle Wall Parameters on the Modal Responses of Elevated Rectangular Water Tank." In Learning and Analytics in Intelligent Systems, 27–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24314-2_4.

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Waghmare, M. V., S. N. Madhekar, and Vasant Matsagar. "Behaviour of Elevated Water Storage Tanks Under Seismic Events." In Advances in Structural Engineering, 1167–76. New Delhi: Springer India, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2193-7_91.

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Chandra, Trishit, and Saraswati Setia. "Seismic Assessment of RC Framed Staging of Elevated Water Tanks." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 69–76. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4617-1_6.

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Roy, Anuja, and Aparna Ghosh. "Design of a Tuned Liquid Damper System for Seismic Vibration Control of Elevated Water Tanks." In Proceedings of the International Symposium on Engineering under Uncertainty: Safety Assessment and Management (ISEUSAM - 2012), 549–62. India: Springer India, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-0757-3_34.

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Dixit, Abhishek. "Comparative Seismic Analysis Between Elevated Circular Water Tanks Using Equivalent Static Method and Response Spectrum Method." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 373–84. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6969-6_33.

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Conference papers on the topic "Elevated Water Tank"

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Norris, J. T., and K. A. Grimmelsman. "Structural Identification of an Elevated Water Tank." In Structures Congress 2014. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413357.240.

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Hale, Tom H. "Seismic Upgrade of a 3MG Steel Elevated Water Tank." In Structures Congress 2000. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40492(2000)114.

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Liepins, Atis A., and Gunjeet Juneja. "Concrete Shear Strength of Elevated Water Storage Tank Pedestals." In Structures Congress 2011. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41171(401)216.

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Zhang, Yan. "Adaptive Ground Improvement Design for an Elevated Water Tank." In International Foundations Congress and Equipment Expo 2021. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784483411.043.

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Wei, Li, Liu Zhuo, Guo Qiang, and Yuan Yidan. "A Numerical Research on the Heat Transfer Process for a General Passive Heat Removal System." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-67260.

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A code module for simulating a general passive heat removal system composed of an elevated water tank, a heat exchanger and pipes connecting them is developed in this paper. Then, a typical heat transfer process in this heat removal system is calculated. According to the simulation results, the flash shows the most important impact of the heat transfer process for this passive heat removal system, especially the moment of the flash appearing. In order to design a scaled-down facility with the help of a scaling method to carry out experimental studies on the heat transfer process occurring in a PHRS for developing a more efficient heat removal system, all influence factors of flash should be conducted before a scaling analysis to make a good understanding for the flash. Finally, we get some qualitative conclusions based on sensitivity analyses for some influence parameters: 1) water temperature in the water tank, system flow resistance and the length of the outlet pipe should be ensured by designing according to scaling criteria strictly; 2) choosing a heat exchanger with geometric and material similarity can realize a consistency of heat transfer efficiency and 3) the liquid level in the water tank is less important.
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Wang, Jiadong, Guanghua He, and Dehe Zhang. "Numerical Simulation of Extremely Nonlinear Interaction Between Solitary Wave and Flat Plate." In ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2016-54827.

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A numerical wave tank that specialized to Navier-Stokes equation was established by a CIP (Constrained Interpolation Profile) method in present study. The numerical model is used to simulate the strongly nonlinear interaction between the solitary wave and a horizontal two-dimensional plate. Most of all, hydrodynamic forces acting on the plate due to solitary wave are investigated in both submerged cases and elevated cases. Sufficient numerical simulations with parameters varied, including different water depths, submergence depths, elevations above the still water level and wave amplitudes are carried out. The time series for hydrodynamic forces and the extremum of horizontal and vertical force are presented in this paper for some significant conclusions. The numerical results are compared with experimental data is in good agreement.
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Hotz, Nico, Heng Pan, Costas P. Grigoropoulos, and Seung H. Ko. "Exergetic Analysis of Solar-Powered Hybrid Energy Conversion and Storage Scenarios for Stationary Applications." In ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90255.

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The idea of this study is to investigate possibilities to use sunlight as the main energy source to generate and store electrical energy via different methods and technologies. Several systems consisting of photovoltaics, photoelectrolytic converters and solarthermal reformers in combination with fuel cells have been investigated in terms of efficiency and costs. A simple energetic approach would not account for these different kinds of energy and their differing availabilities (radiant, thermal, chemical, and electrical energy). To consider different forms of energy and compare them in a fair manner, exergy as the useful part of energy (the part that can theoretically be completely converted to work) provides a perfect instrument for dealing with complex energy conversion systems. In this study, four different scenarios have been investigated: Scenario A describes the direct conversion of sunlight to electricity by photovoltaics. The electric power is used in a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) electrolyzer to split water to hydrogen which is stored in a pressure tank. A PEM fuel cell converts hydrogen to electricity on demand. Scenario B deals with a photoelectrolytic cell splitting water to hydrogen by solar irradiation combined with a storage tank and a fuel cell. In Scenario C, solar radiation is converted by photovoltaic cells to electricity which is stored in different types of batteries. Scenario D combines a methanol steam reformer heated by solar power with a PEM fuel cell to generate electricity. The reformate gas mixture can be stored at elevated pressure in a gas tank. In contrast to routes A–C, scenario D has two exergy inputs: Solar radiation and chemical exergy in form of methanol as fuel. All systems are analyzed for an average day in July and February in Central California, including a storage device sufficient to store the energy for one week. Scenario D reaches an overall exergetic efficiency of more than 25% in summer at the expense of an additional exergy input in the form of methanol. The exergetic efficiency of scenario C amounts to 10–17% in summer (4–6% in winter) depending on the battery type and scenarios A and B achieve less than 10% efficiency even in summer. The systems of scenarios A and C would cost around $20k–$45k per 1 kW average electricity generation during the day in July. Scenario D leads to significantly lower costs and scenario B is the most expensive design due to the current immaturity of photoelectrolytic devices.
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8

Waghmare, M. V., S. N. Madhekar, and V. A. Matsagar. "Vibration control of Elevated Water Tanks using viscous dampers." In 2015 International Conference on Industrial Instrumentation and Control (ICIC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iic.2015.7151004.

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De Martino, G., F. De Paola, M. Giugni, and N. Fontana. "Evaluation of hydrodynamic effects on elevated cone-shaped water tanks." In FLUID STRUCTURE INTERACTION/MOVING BOUNDARIES 2007. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/fsi070031.

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Fernández-Dávila, V. I., F. Gran, and P. Baquedano. "Study of the seismic response of reinforced concrete isolated elevated water tanks." In ERES 2007. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/eres070121.

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Reports on the topic "Elevated Water Tank"

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Smith, Adam D., and Courtney F. Wesa. NRHP Eligibility of the Fort Huachuca, Arizona, Elevated Water Tank (Facility 49001) and Reservoir (Facility 22020). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1014076.

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