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Journal articles on the topic 'Elevator Action'
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1
Hayashi, Kentaro, Makito Seki, Takahide Hirai, Koichi Takeuchi, and Koichi Sasakawa. "Violent Action Detection for Elevator." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 18, no. 6 (December 20, 2006): 772–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2006.p0772.
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This paper presents a new critical event detection method simplified for built into elevators. We first define that the critical event is unusual action such as violent action, counteraction, etc, and introduce the violent action level (VA level). We use an optical flow based method to analyze the current state of the motion through an ITV (Industrial TeleVision) camera. After motion analysis, we calculate a normalized statistical value, which is the VA level. The statistical value is the multiple of the optical flow direction variance, the optical flow magnitude variance, and optical flow area. Our method calculates the statistical value variance and normalize it by the variance. At last we can detect critical event by thresholding the VA level. Then we implement this method on a built-in device. The device has an A/D converter with special designed frame buffer, a 400 MIPS high-performance microprocessor, dynamic memory, and flash ROM. Since we need to process the method 4Hz or faster to keep the detection performance, we shrink the images into 80 by 60 pixels, introduce recursive correlation, and analyze optical flows. The specially designed frame buffer enables us to capture two sequential images at any time. After that we achieved a processing performance of 8Hz on it. Our method detects 80% of critical events where at a maximum false acception rate of 6%.
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De Loo, Ivo. "Action and organizational learning in an elevator company." Learning Organization 13, no. 3 (May 2006): 204–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09696470610661081.
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Dorokhov, Aleksey S., Alexey V. Sibirev, Aleksandr G. Aksenov, and Maxim A. Mosyakov. "Results of Laboratory Studies of Soil Sifting in a Rod Elevator with Asymmetric Arrangement of Web Agitators and Adjustable Elevator Apron Angle." Engineering Technologies and Systems 31, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 380–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.031.202103.380-402.
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Introduction. An increase in crop production from the growing area of both vegetable root crops and all agricultural products results in grows of the load on the machine-technology complex when harvesting. The reason is that in the structure of machine-technological complexes there are not devices providing the qualitative screening of the heap incoming for processing. The purpose of the study is to identify the areas with the minimum value of soil screening on the rod elevator surface depending on the elevator apron angle and to develop recommendations and proposals for improving the separation quality. Materials and Methods. The article describes the methodology and results of laboratory studies of rod elevators with an asymmetric arrangement of web agitators and an adjustable elevator apron angle to determine the soil screening quality on its surface. We used the method of comprehensive assessment of the quality and stability of technological operations based on quantitative optimization criteria. Results. The highest value of the screened soil weight is at the wavelength attenuation section of the rod elevator working branch 1,020 mm cause by action of the elliptical web agitator at an elevation angle of 5 gon. Discussion and Conclusion. The rod elevator with asymmetric arrangement of web agitators and adjustable elevator apron angle increases the soil screening quality along the entire length of the elevator apron by 10 %, and therefore increases the completeness of separation of root crops from soil impurities.
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Mima, Kazuhiro, Masahiro Endou, Aiguo Ming, Chisato Kanamori, and Makoto Kajitani. "Development of Mobile Robot Elevator Utility System." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 11, no. 1 (February 20, 1999): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.1999.p0078.
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This paper describes an elevator utility system that enables autonomous mobile robots to travel in office buildings. Attachments emulating the behavior of human fingers were developed to retrofit them to elevators without affecting elevators' inner workings. These attachments, consisting of button operation, controllers, and infrared ray communication, are remotely controlled by wireless commands from a robot. Mobile robots must use elevators without interfering with people using it, proposingcourses of robot action. A sensor system is presented for detecting people or objects in elevators. A prototype was developed, and its usefulness verified experimentally. The concept is expected to be useful for service robots working in office buildings.
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OGAWA, Yoichi, Tomohiro YOSHIDA, Satoshi FUJITA, Toshio OMI, and Keisuke MINAGAWA. "1A2-K04 The Participation in the Space Elevator Technology Competition and Action in the Laboratory(Space Elevator)." Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2012 (2012): _1A2—K04_1—_1A2—K04_2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2012._1a2-k04_1.
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Bakke, Merete. "Mandibular elevator muscles: physiology, action, and effect of dental occlusion." European Journal of Oral Sciences 101, no. 5 (October 1993): 314–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0722.1993.tb01127.x.
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Looze, V. V., S. L. Beletskiy, B. A. Atoyants, and V. S. Gusev. "Technique for controlling the release of grain from the silos of the elevator." Tovaroved prodovolstvennykh tovarov (Commodity specialist of food products), no. 2 (February 15, 2021): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/igt-01-2102-07.
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The article explains the principle of operation of the new system of remote fi xation of grain movement (RFGM) in the silos of the elevator, created and tested in action at OOO (LLC) Ryazanelevator. The results of the work of a prototype of the RFGM system in the elevator silos are presented and the possibility of its use to control the release of grain from the elevator silos is shown.
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Kaylen, Michael S., Gary T. Devino, and Michael H. Procter. "Optimal Use of Qualitative Models: An Application to Country Grain Elevator Bankruptcies." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 20, no. 2 (December 1988): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0081305200017660.
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AbstractQualitative models can be used for decision making under uncertainty. This provides a useful framework for evaluating the models. If the costs for every action/state of nature combination are known, decisions made using a well-calibrated model would result in actual costs being close to expected costs. In addition, the actual cost can be compared to the cost of perfect foresight actions, giving a bound on the value of a better model. Application of these procedures is made using a logit model developed to predict Missouri country grain elevator bankruptcies.
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Apryshkin, D. S., G. Sh Khazanovich, and V. О. Gutarevich. "Improving the maintenance program for passenger elevators based on simulation of their operating modes." Advanced Engineering Research 21, no. 2 (July 9, 2021): 171–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/2687-1653-2021-21-2-171-183.
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Introduction. Elevators in residential and public buildings are the means of vertical transport. An elevator is one of the complex electromechanical devices of increased danger. Therefore, all stages of its life cycle are strictly limited by regulatory documents. The desired levels of safety and comfort are provided through the reasonable choice of the basic parameters and a constant maintenance of the system in good condition. The key factors that affect the implementation of regulatory requirements during the operation of the elevator installation are the quality of manufacturing of critical components, the level of real workload, taking into account the actual value of the spent resource, and the implemented maintenance program. Currently, when determining the maintenance schedule for elevators, such characteristics as the density of occupancy, the level of power loads, the actual operating time of the elevator and the counts of starts of the main drive are not taken into account. This study objective is the scientific rationale of the concept and methodology for developing the program of maintenance of specific elevator installations on the basis of studies of the level and mode of loading of load-bearing units. Materials and Methods. The use of simulation modeling techniques to assess the load level of power units of an elevator installation and its kinematic indicators under the action of numerous random impacts is validated in the paper. The development of an indicator that characterizes the complex mode of elevator operation, taking into account the joint influence of the level of resource development, net operating time, number of starts, and the power load of the nodes, required the application of an expert method. The final part of the research program is the formation of specific recommendations on the maintenance schedule of elevators. It is based on the ranking of particular indicators. Results. The performance feature of the elevator installation is that the service time of a customer is a function of many random variables. Mathematical models of the formation of force impacts are based on the representation of an electromechanical elevator as a dynamic one-degree-of-freedom system. Expressions for calculating the static tension of traction ropes and torques on the motor shaft are obtained. The problem of dynamics is solved. The loads whose values are the basis for performing simulation modeling of the operating modes of the elevator installation are determined. Discussion and Conclusions. Feasibility of the regulations for the maintenance of passenger elevators is an urgent task, the solution to which determines the level of safety and comfort of passengers. Currently, the standards for the design and operation of elevator installations do not link the frequency of maintenance programs with the level of load and the amount of resource development. The paper provides a general statement of the problem and a methodology for the formation of a complex factor of the equivalent load. Mathematical models are given for calculating the power and temporary loads of the elevator, taking into account the nature of numerous random impacts.
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Proeschel, P. A., and J. Raum. "Task-dependence of Jaw Elevator and Depressor Co-activation." Journal of Dental Research 82, no. 8 (August 2003): 617–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910308200809.
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Elevator muscle activity per unit bite-force has been shown to be higher in chewing than in isometric biting. We tested the hypothesis that surplus elevator activity is evoked in response to a possible co-activation of jaw-opener muscles during the masticatory power stroke. In 32 subjects, digastric and bilateral masseter and temporalis activities were recorded during unilateral chewing of test foods, isometric biting on a force transducer, and during balancing of the jaw against maximum effort of depressor muscles. During elevator peak effort in chewing, the digastric activity was 113% higher than during peak effort in isometric biting. Comparison of balancing and chewing trials revealed that a 6% increase of elevator activity would suffice to compensate for this increased depressor action. Elevator activity in chewing, however, was up to 130% higher than in clenching. We conclude that depressor counteraction could have only a minor influence on the generation of surplus muscle activity in chewing.
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Al-Sharif, Lutfi, ZS Yang, Ammar Hakam, and Alaa Abd Al-Raheem. "Comprehensive analysis of elevator static sectoring control systems using Monte Carlo simulation." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 39, no. 5 (January 8, 2018): 518–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624417752644.
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For a long time, there was no action that a group controller could take during incoming traffic conditions other than returning the elevators back to the main entrance and opening their doors. Passengers would arrive in the main entrance and board the first available elevator car. However, in the early 1990s, sectoring was introduced during incoming traffic conditions. Sectoring is the soft division of the building into groups of (usually but not necessarily contiguous) floors, usually of equal populations. One or more elevators are assigned to a sector. The allocation of the elevator(s) to a sector can either be fixed (static sectoring) or variable (dynamic sectoring) within consecutive round trips. In addition, the size and composition of the different sectors can be static or dynamic. Sectoring is thus a powerful tool in dealing with peaks of incoming traffic demand. However, most of the analysis carried out to understand the effects of sectoring on the performance of the elevator traffic system has been based on simulation only. This paper presents a comprehensive calculation-based analysis of static sectoring control for incoming traffic as a control tool. The analysis is based on the approach of progressively increasing the number of sectors in a building, starting from a single sector (i.e., no sectoring) and proceeding to full sectoring (where the number of sectors equals the number of elevators in the group) and even increasing the number of sectors up to the total number of floors above the main entrance (which has been given the new term: super-sectoring). An analysis is carried out in each case showing the handling capacity, car loading, average waiting time, and average traveling time. Practical application: This paper allows a control system designer to adapt the actions of the controller to the change in passenger arrivals. The control can detect the intensity of passenger arrivals and adjust the number of sectors to suit such an arrival intensity. The aim would be to maximize the handling capacity of the system or minimize the car loading.
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TANIGUCHI, Tomohiro, Hiroaki HASHI, and Keishiro HIROHATA. "Ambient Light Countermeasure in a Judgment System of Boarding Action on an Elevator." Proceedings of the Elevator, Escalator and Amusement Rides Conference 2020 (2020): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeearc.2020.104.
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Wada, Daichi, Sergio A. Araujo-Estrada, and Shane Windsor. "Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Pitch Control Using Deep Reinforcement Learning with Discrete Actions in Wind Tunnel Test." Aerospace 8, no. 1 (January 14, 2021): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace8010018.
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Deep reinforcement learning is a promising method for training a nonlinear attitude controller for fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicles. Until now, proof-of-concept studies have demonstrated successful attitude control in simulation. However, detailed experimental investigations have not yet been conducted. This study applied deep reinforcement learning for one-degree-of-freedom pitch control in wind tunnel tests with the aim of gaining practical understandings of attitude control application. Three controllers with different discrete action choices, that is, elevator angles, were designed. The controllers with larger action rates exhibited better performance in terms of following angle-of-attack commands. The root mean square errors for tracking angle-of-attack commands decreased from 3.42° to 1.99° as the maximum action rate increased from 10°/s to 50°/s. The comparison between experimental and simulation results showed that the controller with a smaller action rate experienced the friction effect, and the controllers with larger action rates experienced fluctuating behaviors in elevator maneuvers owing to delay. The investigation of the effect of friction and delay on pitch control highlighted the importance of conducting experiments to understand actual control performances, specifically when the controllers were trained with a low-fidelity model.
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Шатохин, Ivan Shatokhin, Дерканосова, Natalya Derkanosova, Оробинский, Vladimir Orobinskiy, Парфенов, and Aleksey Parfenov. "Modernization of the upper head of the bucket elevator." Forestry Engineering Journal 5, no. 1 (May 1, 2015): 207–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/11278.
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Studies of many authors show that injury of seeds has a negative effect, both on seeds and food grains. Damage in food grains reduces its trade, technological and baking performances. The main reasons causing injury to the seed, is mechanical action of the working bodies of machines and implements for post-harvest treatment of seeds. In this injury will be greater, the greater the speed of the seeds moving. Analysis of the distribution of injury between the individual elements of the line revealed that about 50 % of all injury of grain (28.3 %) falls on transporting machines. From above it follows that a reduction of injury to the seeds is an important problem, which is caused by the need to solve large yield losses, worsening of seeds storage and decrease in quality of the seed, and it is necessary firstly to investigate the possibility of improving the quality of conveying machines, and in particular , bucket elevators. This is because grain cleaning machines provide improved cleaning quality of grain, and conveying ones- conversely increase its. Taking into account that in cleaning lines usually there are several elevators, the reduction of seed damage by them will substantially improve the quality of the processed material. For this purpose, it is necessary to improve bucket elevators, providing softer mode. In this regard, the work was done to improve the design of the upper head of the elevator to reduce feedback eruption. On this construction patent for utility model number ZA 140052 was received. On the basis of this patent bucket elevator was refitted, in which head was an additional horizontal belt conveyor. Experimental studies have been conducted to identify the degree of feedback. It was found that an additional belt conveyor helps to reduce feedback rash when its speed is higher than the speed of bucket belt.
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Wolf, H., and K. G. Pearson. "Proprioceptive input patterns elevator activity in the locust flight system." Journal of Neurophysiology 59, no. 6 (June 1, 1988): 1831–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1988.59.6.1831.
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1. In the locust, Locusta migratoria, the roles of two groups of wing sense organs, hind wing tegulae and wing-hinge stretch receptors, in the generation of the flight motor pattern were investigated. A preparation was employed that allowed the intracellular recording of neural activity in almost intact tethered flying locusts or after selective manipulations of sensory input. The functions of the two sets of receptors were assessed 1) by studying the phases of their discharges in the wingbeat cycle (Fig. 3), 2) by the selective ablation of input from the receptors (Figs. 4-7), and 3) by the selective stimulation of the receptor afferents (Figs. 8-12). 2. Input from the tegulae was found to be responsible for the initiation of elevator activity (Figs. 9 and 10) and for the generation of a distinct initial rapid depolarization (Figs. 4, 5, and 8) characteristic of elevator motor neuron activity in intact locusts (Figs. 1 and 16). 3. Input from the wing-hinge stretch receptors was found to control the duration of elevator depolarizations by the graded suppression of a second late component of the elevator depolarizations as wingbeat frequency increased (Figs. 6, 7, 11, and 12). The characteristics of this late component of elevator activity suggested that it is generated by the same (central nervous) mechanism that produces the elevator depolarizations recorded in deafferented animals (Fig. 2). Apparently this late component contributes to the intact pattern of elevator depolarizations only at lower wingbeat frequencies and is abolished by the action of stretch-receptor input at frequencies above approximately 15 Hz (Figs. 1, 2, and 4). At these high wingbeat frequencies elevator activity is dominated by the rapid depolarizations generated as a result of tegula input. 4. The present study demonstrates 1) that the timing of elevator motor neuron activity is determined by phasic afferent input from tegulae and stretch receptors and 2) that input from the stretch receptors controls the duration of elevator activity in the wingbeat cycle following the wing movement that was responsible for the generation of the receptor discharge.
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Yoshida, M., K. Nagatani, and Y. Tanaka. "Autonomous Indoor navigation for Mobile Manipulator using Elevator : Motion Design And Implementation using Action Primitive." Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2004 (2004): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2004.103_1.
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Radu, Carmen Elisabeta, Edward Rășchitor, and Iosif Tempea. "Evaluation of Own Pulses in the Event of Free Vibrations of a Multiparker Type Parking Machine Lifting Machine." Advanced Engineering Forum 34 (October 2019): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.34.137.
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To study the vibrations of a Multiparker lift lift model, use various models for the lifting mechanism. Calculate the first pulsation using the Dunkerley method. Behavior of the elevator to the action of an explosive task. We intend to evaluate the own pulsations in case of free vibrations of a lifting mechanism at an elevator within a multiparker parking lot. IT is absolutely necessary that the wave pulsation is different from the own pulsation of the studied system so as to avoid the resonance phenomenon leading to the system’s destruction. We shall establish a work algorithm using several models of the system as following: the model of the system with an autonomy degree; the calculation of the first own pulsations is used by the Dunkerley method; the model of the continuous system.A model is executed for the lifting mechanism of the Multiparker parking lot, considered as being composed of a continuous and homogeneous bar, embedded at the base, becoming a common unit with the mass M of the elevator. The own pulsations are determined in case of free vibrations for this bar.
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Reháková, Martina, and Imrich Mikolai. "Air Exchange across Staircase Windows in Protected Escape Route in Time of Fire." Advanced Materials Research 855 (December 2013): 215–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.855.215.
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The article is focused on the analysis of air exchange by natural ventilation in the staircase area with elevator in the middle as a protected escape route. The article contains three variants of air exchange rate calculation that are based on the effect of the temperature difference and the effect of wind action. The result of these calculations is the verification if the staircase windows provide sufficient air exchange in the protected escape route to ensure the required level of protection for evacuees.
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Bringoux, Lionel, Jean-Claude Lepecq, and Frédéric Danion. "Does visually induced self-motion affect grip force when holding an object?" Journal of Neurophysiology 108, no. 6 (September 15, 2012): 1685–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00407.2012.
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Accurate control of grip force during object manipulation is necessary to prevent the object from slipping, especially to compensate for the action of gravitational and inertial forces resulting from hand/object motion. The goal of the current study was to assess whether the control of grip force was influenced by visually induced self-motion (i.e., vection), which would normally be accompanied by changes in object load. The main task involved holding a 400-g object between the thumb and the index finger while being seated within a virtual immersive environment that simulated the vertical motion of an elevator across floors. Different visual motions were tested, including oscillatory (0.21 Hz) and constant-speed displacements of the virtual scene. Different arm-loading conditions were also tested: with or without the hand-held object and with or without oscillatory arm motion (0.9 Hz). At the perceptual level, ratings from participants showed that both oscillatory and constant-speed motion of the elevator rapidly induced a long-lasting sensation of self-motion. At the sensorimotor level, vection compellingness altered arm movement control. Spectral analyses revealed that arm motion was entrained by the oscillatory motion of the elevator. However, we found no evidence that grip force used to hold the object was visually affected. Specifically, spectral analyses revealed no component in grip force that would mirror the virtual change in object load associated with the oscillatory motion of the elevator, thereby allowing the grip-to-load force coupling to remain unaffected. Altogether, our findings show that the neural mechanisms underlying vection interfere with arm movement control but do not interfere with the delicate modulation of grip force. More generally, those results provide evidence that the strength of the coupling between the sensorimotor system and the perceptual level can be modulated depending on the effector.
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Sibirev, Alexei, Alexandr Aksenov, Alexei Dorokhov, and Andrei Ponomarev. "Comparative study of the force action of harvester work tools on potato tubers." Research in Agricultural Engineering 65, No. 3 (October 7, 2019): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/96/2018-rae.
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The quality of the separation of root crops, onions and potatoes is known to primarily depend on the cultivation conditions. As a rule, these cultures are cultivated in mechanically light soils in order to improve the quality of separation, as well as to reduce the traction resistance of the harvester when extracting the root crops from the soil. When harvesting the root crops, it is very important to maintain the soil in a loose (light) state to improve the quality of the separation. Due to the fact that in digging up the root crops, there is a joint flow of strong soil lumps to the separating working bodies, which are difficult to separate on the slit working bodies of the harvester, which increases damage to the root crops when interacting with the soil lumps, the commercial quality of the products is subsequently deteriorated. The existing potato harvesters damage the commercial products as a result of the interaction of the potato tubers with each other, with the working bodies and with the soil lumps. However, the greatest percentage of damage to potato tubers occurs as a result of their interaction with the working bodies of the harvester. Field studies were conducted to determine the places of the greatest impact of the individual working bodies of the potato harvesters and to carry out subsequent actions for the elimination of these negative impacts in the design of the harvesters. This article presents a methodology for conducting field studies on the assessment of the impact of the working bodies on the scale of damage to potato tubers when harvesting. The results of the comparative studies of the impact of the working bodies of modern potato harvesters, which damage the potato tubers as a result of the interaction with them are presented. We have determined that the greatest scale of impact on the potato tubers during the mechanised harvesting is observed as the transition from the main elevator to the secondary separation devices takes place, irrespective of the design and technological scheme of the harvester, and reaches its minimum value from 6.5 N for the Bolko harvester to 21 N for the AVR-Spirit-6200 harvester.
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Rildova and M. P. Singh. "Acceleration Feedback-Based Active and Semi-Active Seismic Response Control of Rail-Counterweight Systems of Elevators." Shock and Vibration 12, no. 6 (2005): 435–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2005/130907.
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Based on the observations in the past earthquake events, the traction elevators in buildings are known to be vulnerable to earthquake induced ground motions. Among several components of an elevator, the counterweight being heaviest is also known to be more susceptible than others. The inertial effects of the counterweight can overstress the guide rails on which it moves. Here we investigate to use the well-known acceleration feedback-based active and semi-active control methods to reduce stresses in the rails. The only way a control action can be applied to a moving counterweight-rail system is through a mass damper placed in the plane of the counterweight. For this, a part of the counterweight mass can be configured as a mass damper attached to a small actuator for an active scheme or to a magneto-rheological damper for a semi-active scheme. A comprehensive numerical study is conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed configuration of control system. It is observed that the two control schemes are effective in reducing the stress response by about 20 to 25% and improve the system fragility over a good range of seismic intensities.
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Li, Hongchang, Jing Wang, Jianjun Han, Jinmin Zhang, Yushan Yang, and Yue Zhao. "A novel multi-stream method for violent interaction detection using deep learning." Measurement and Control 53, no. 5-6 (May 2020): 796–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020294020902788.
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Violent interaction detection is a hot topic in computer vision. However, the recent research works on violent interaction detection mainly focus on the traditional hand-craft features, and does not make full use of the research results of deep learning in computer vision. In this paper, we propose a new robust violent interaction detection framework based on multi-stream deep learning in surveillance scene. The proposed approach enhances the recognition performance of violent action in video by fusing three different streams: attention-based spatial RGB stream, temporal stream, and local spatial stream. The attention-based spatial RGB stream learns the spatial attention regions of persons that have high probability to be action region through soft-attention mechanism. The temporal stream employs optical flow as input to extract temporal features. The local spatial stream learns spatial local features using block images as input. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed method on three violent interactive datasets: hockey fights, movies, violent interaction. We also verify the proposed method on our own elevator surveillance video dataset and the performance of the proposed method is satisfied.
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Osman, Hassab Elgawi. "Random-TD Function Approximator." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 13, no. 2 (March 20, 2009): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2009.p0155.
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In this paper, adaptive controller architecture based on a combination of temporal-difference (TD) learning and an on-line variant of Random Forest (RF) classifier is proposed. We call this implementation Random-TD. The approach iteratively improves its control strategies by exploiting only relevant parts of action and is able to learn completely in on-line mode. Such capability of on-line adaptation would take us closer to the goal of more robust and adaptable control. To illustrate this and to demonstrate the applicability of the approach, it has been applied to a non-linear, non-stationary control task, Cart-Pole balancing and on high-dimensional control problems –Ailerons, Elevator, Kinematics, and Friedman–. The results demonstrate that our hybrid approach is adaptable and can significantly improves the performance of TD methods while speeding up the learning process.
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Koc, Duygu, Arife Dogan, and Bulent Bek. "Bite Force and Influential Factors on Bite Force Measurements: A Literature Review." European Journal of Dentistry 04, no. 02 (April 2010): 223–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1697833.
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Maximum voluntary bite force is an indicator of the functional state of the masticatory system and the level of maximum bite force results from the combined action of the jaw elevator muscles modified by jaw biomechanics and reflex mechanisms. The measurement of bite force can provide useful data for the evaluation of jaw muscle function and activity. It is also an adjunctive value in assessing the performance of dentures. Technological advances in signal detection and processing have improved the quality of the information extracted from bite force measurements. However, these measurements are difficult and the reliability of the result depends on a number of factors, such as presence of pain and temporomandibular disorders, gender, age, cranio-facial morphology, and occlusal factors. In addition to these physiological factors, recording devices and techniques are important factors in bite force measurement. Therefore, one should be careful when comparing the bite force values reported in the research. (Eur J Dent 2010;4:223-232)
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Csermely, Peter. "The Network Concept of Creativity and Deep Thinking: Applications to Social Opinion Formation and Talent Support." Gifted Child Quarterly 61, no. 3 (April 27, 2017): 194–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0016986217701832.
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Our century has unprecedented new challenges, which need creative solutions and deep thinking. Contemplative, deep thinking became an “endangered species” in our rushing world of Tweets, elevator pitches, and fast decisions. Here, we describe how important aspects of both creativity and deep thinking can be understood as network phenomena of conceptual and social networks. “Creative nodes” occupy highly dynamic, boundary spanning positions in social networks. Creative thinking requires alternating plasticity-dominated and rigidity-dominated mind-sets, which can be helped by dynamically changing social network structures. In the closing section, we present three case studies which demonstrate the applications of the concept in the Hungarian research student movement, the Hungarian Templeton Program, and the Youth Platform of the European Talent Support Network. These examples show how talent support programs can mobilize the power of social networks to enhance creative, deliberative, deep thinking of talented young minds, influencing social opinion, leading to community action, and developing charismatic leadership skills.
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Cairns, S. P., W. A. Hing, J. R. Slack, R. G. Mills, and D. S. Loiselle. "Different effects of raised [K+]o on membrane potential and contraction in mouse fast- and slow-twitch muscle." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 273, no. 2 (August 1, 1997): C598—C611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1997.273.2.c598.
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Increasing extracellular K+ concentration ([K+]o) from 4 to 7-14 mM reduced both tetanic force and resting membrane potential (Em) in isolated slow-twitch soleus and fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles of the mouse. The tetanic force-[K+]o relationships showed a greater force loss over 8-11 mM [K+]o in soleus than EDL, mainly because the Em was 2-3 mV less negative at each [K+]o in soleus. The tetanic force-resting Em relationships show that force was reduced in two phases: phase 1 (Em < -60 mV), a 20% force decline in which the relationships superimposed in soleus and EDL, and phase 2 (Em -60 to -55 mV), a marked force decline that was steeper in EDL than soleus. Additionally in phase 2, longer stimulation pulses restored tetanic force; the twitch force-stimulation strength relationship was shifted toward higher voltages; caffeine, a myoplasmic Ca2+ concentration elevator, increased maximum force; and twitch force fell abruptly. We suggest that 1) the K(+)-depressed force is due to reduced Ca2+ release resulting from an altered action potential profile (phase 1) and inexcitable fibers due to an increased action potential threshold (phase 2), and 2) K+ contributes to fatigue in both fast- and slow-twitch muscle when it causes depolarization to about -60 mV.
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Horiuchi, Yoshihito. "Earthquake Early Warning Hospital Applications." Journal of Disaster Research 4, no. 4 (August 1, 2009): 565–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2009.p0237.
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Earthquake early warning (EEW) applications have been studied and tested at the National Hospital Organization Disaster Medical Center since 2003. Hospitals are thought to be especially vulnerable in disasters. That is why special measures must be taken to prevent casualties. Based on these studies and our experience with earthquakes, three practical automatic applications have been implemented and readied for standby - (1) automatic alarm generation through the hospital’s broadcasting and visual warning systems, (2) automatic centralized elevator use, and (3) automatic door opening. The first action to be taken right after a warning is for medical staff, patients, and others to protect themselves from the immediate danger of falling objects and to avoid accidents during medical intervention backed by instruction manuals and training. Lifeline support and computer data saving should be applied and are being studied, and these are insufficient due to a lack of basic knowledge, high primary investment cost, and secondary maintenance cost. All of these necessitate a reliable, inexpensive standard EEW model and public financial support.
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Akdemir, Bayram, and Hasan Üzülmez. "Providing Security of Vital Data for Conventional Microcontroller Applications." Applied Mechanics and Materials 789-790 (September 2015): 1059–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.789-790.1059.
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Microcontrollers are widely used in industrial world, and almost all kind of devices were based on microcontroller to achieve high flexibility and abilities. All microcontrollers have nonvolatile and volatile memories to execute the software. During the running, microcontroller calculates many variables and records them to any non-volatile memory to use later. After re-energizing, microcontroller takes the data calculated before the power off and executes the program. In case of any electrical writing error or any power loss during the writing procedure, un-written memory blocks or any un-written data leads to malfunctions. Proposed method uses a gray code based signed two memory blocks to secure the memory reserved for data. Microcontroller uses these memory blocks in alternately. Even if microcontroller has no any real-time ability, gray code provides a guarantee which block is written in last. For every re-starting microcontroller dos not lose the data. In case of any reading problem during the starting, microcontroller has two chances to decide the action. One is to start with default values and the other is to start with the previous data. This study is tested at elevator applications not to lose position and vital values.
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Wolf, Harald, and Ansgar Büschges. "Plasticity of Synaptic Connections in Sensory-Motor Pathways of the Adult Locust Flight System." Journal of Neurophysiology 78, no. 3 (September 1, 1997): 1276–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1997.78.3.1276.
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Wolf, Harald and Ansgar Büschges. Plasticity of synaptic connections in sensory-motor pathways of the adult locust flight system. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 1276–1284, 1997. We investigated possible roles of retrograde signals and competitive interactions in the lesion-induced reorganization of synaptic contacts in the locust CNS. Neuronal plasticity is elicited in the adult flight system by removal of afferents from the tegula, a mechanoreceptor organ at the base of the wing. We severed one hindwing organ and studied the resulting rearrangement of synaptic contacts between flight interneurons and afferent neurons from the remaining three tegulae (2 forewing, 1 hindwing). This was done by electric stimulation of afferents and intracellular recording from interneurons (and occasionally motoneurons). Two to three weeks after unilateral tegula lesion, connections between tegula afferents and flight interneurons were altered in the following way. 1) Axons from the forewing tegula on the operated side had established new synaptic contacts with metathoracic elevator interneurons. In addition, the amplitude of compound excitatory postsynaptic potentials elicited by electric stimulation was increased, indicating that a larger number of afferents connected to any given interneuron. 2) On the side contralateral to the lesion, connectivity between axons from the forewing tegula and elevator interneurons was decreased. 3) The efficacy of the (remaining) hindwing afferents appeared to be increased with regard to both synaptic transmission to interneurons and impact on flight motor pattern. 4) Flight motoneurons, which are normally restricted to the ipsilateral hemiganglion, sprouted across the ganglion midline after unilateral tegula removal and apparently established new synaptic contacts with tegula afferents on that side. The changes on the operated side are interpreted as occupation of synaptic space vacated on the interneurons by the severed hindwing afferents. On the contralateral side, the changes in synaptic contact must be elicited by retrograde signals from bilaterally arborizing flight interneurons, because tegula projections remain strictly ipsilateral. The pattern of changes suggests competitive interactions between forewing and hindwing afferents. The present investigation thus presents evidence that the CNS of the mature locust is capable of extensive synaptic rearrangement in response to injury and indicates for the first time the action of retrograde signals from interneurons.
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Knecht, Kenneth R., Sarah Milam, Daniel A. Wilkinson, Alexander L. Fedinec, and Charles W. Leffler. "Time-dependent action of carbon monoxide on the newborn cerebrovascular circulation." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 299, no. 1 (July 2010): H70—H75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00258.2010.
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Carbon monoxide (CO) causes cerebral arteriolar dilation in newborn pigs by the activation of large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels. In adult rat cerebral and skeletal muscle arterioles, CO has been reported to produce constriction caused by the inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS). We hypothesized that, in contrast to dilation to acute CO, more prolonged exposure of newborn cerebral arterioles to elevated CO produces constriction by reducing NO. In piglets with closed cranial windows, pial arteriolar responses to isoproterenol (10−6 M), sodium nitroprusside (SNP; 10−7 and 3 × 10−7 M), and l-arginine ethyl ester (l-Arg; 10−5 and 10−4 M) were determined before and after 2 h of treatment with CO. CO (10−7 M) caused transient dilation and had no further effects. CO (2 × 10−7 and 10−6 M) initially caused vasodilation, but over the 2-h exposure, pial arterioles constricted and removal of the CO caused dilation. Exposure to elevated CO (2 h) did not alter dilation to SNP or isoproterenol. Conversely, the NOS substrate l-Arg caused dilation before CO that was progressively lost over 90 min of elevated CO. If NO was held constant, CO caused dilation that was sustained for 2 h. We conclude that in neonates, cerebral arteriole responses to CO are biphasic: dilation to acute elevation with subsequent constriction from NOS inhibition after more prolonged exposure. As a result, short episodic production of CO allows function as a dilator gasotransmitter, whereas prolonged elevation can reduce NO to elevate cerebrovascular tone. The interaction between heme oxygenase/CO and NOS/NO could form a negative feedback system in the control of cerebral vascular tone.
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Sharikadze, Nino, Natia Jojua, Maia Sepashvili, Elene Zhuravliova, and David G. Mikeladze. "Mitochondrial Target of Nobiletin's Action." Natural Product Communications 11, no. 12 (December 2016): 1934578X1601101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1601101215.
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Nobiletin is an O-methylated flavonoid found in citrus peels that have anticancer, antiviral, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory activities and depending on the cell types exhibits both pro- or anti-apoptotic properties. We have found that nobiletin decreases oxygen consumption by bovine brain isolated mitochondria in the presence of glutamate and malate and increases in the presence of succinate. In parallel, nobiletin increases NADH oxidation, a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activities and through matrix substrate-level phosphorylation elevates the a-ketoglutarate-dependent production of ATP. In addition, nobiletin reduces the production of peroxides in the presence of complex I substrates and slightly enhances succinate-driven H2O2 formation. Besides, nobiletin induces transient elevation of membrane potential followed by mild depolarization. Affinity purified nobiletin binding proteins revealed one major anti-NDUFV1 positive protein with 52kD and NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase activity. This fraction can produce peroxide that is inhibited by nobiletin. We propose that nobiletin may act as a mild “uncoupler”, which through activation of a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (a-KGDH)-complex and acceleration of matrix substrate-level phosphorylation maintains membrane potential at an abnormal level. This switch in mitochondrial metabolism could elevate succinate-driven oxygen consumption that may underlay in both pro- and anti-apoptotic effects of nobiletin.
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Klein, Kelly R., Marc S. Rosenthal, and Howard A. Klausner. "Blackout 2003: Preparedness and Lessons Learned from the Perspectives of Four Hospitals." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 20, no. 5 (October 2005): 343–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00002818.
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AbstractIntroduction:The blackout in North America of August 2003 was one of the worst on record. It affected eight United States states and parts of Canada for >24 hours. Additionally, two large United States cities, Detroit, Michigan and Cleveland, Ohio, suffered from a loss of water pressure and a subsequent ban on the use of public supplies of potable water that lasted four days. A literature review revealed a paucity of literature that describes blackouts and how they may affect the medical community.Methods:This paper includes a review of after-action reports from four inner-city, urban hospitals supplemented accounts from the authors' hospital's emergency operations center (emergency operations center).Results:Some of the problems encountered, included: (1)lighting; (2) elevator operations; (3) supplies of water; (4) communication operations; (5) computer failure; (6) lack of adequate supplies of food; (7) mobility to obtain Xray studies; (8) heating, air condition, and ventilation; (9) staffing; (10) pharmacy; (11) registration of patients; (12) hospital emergency operations center; (13) loss of isolation facilities; (14) inadequate supplies of paper; (15) impaired ability to provide care for non-emergency patients; (16) sanitation; and (17) inadequate emergency power.Discussion:The blackout of 2003 uncovered problems within the United States hospital system, ranging from staffing to generator coverage. This report is a review of the effects that the blackout and water ban of 2003 had on hospitals in a large inner-city area. Also discussed are solutions utilized at the time and recommendations for the future.Conclusion:The blackout of 2003 was an excellent test of disaster/emergency planning, and produced many valuable lessons to be used in future events.
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Xu, Lizhong, Paul Frankel, Desmond Jackson, Thuy Rotunda, Rita L. Boshans, Crislyn D'Souza-Schorey, and David A. Foster. "Elevated Phospholipase D Activity in H-Ras- but Not K-Ras-Transformed Cells by the Synergistic Action of RalA and ARF6." Molecular and Cellular Biology 23, no. 2 (January 15, 2003): 645–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.23.2.645-654.2003.
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ABSTRACT Phospholipase D (PLD) activity is elevated in response to the oncogenic stimulus of H-Ras but not K-Ras. H-Ras and K-Ras have been reported to localize to different membrane microdomains, with H-Ras localizing to caveolin-enriched light membrane fractions. We reported previously that PLD activity elevated in response to mitogenic stimulation is restricted to the caveolin-enriched light membrane fractions. PLD activity in H-Ras-transformed cells is dependent upon RalA, and consistent with a lack of elevated PLD activity in K-Ras-transformed cells, RalA was not activated in K-Ras-transformed cells. Although H-Ras-induced PLD activity is dependent upon RalA, an activated mutant of RalA is not sufficient to elevate PLD activity. We reported previously that RalA interacts with PLD activating ADP ribosylation factor (ARF) proteins. In cells transformed by H-Ras, we found increased coprecipitation of ARF6 with RalA. Moreover, ARF6 colocalized with RalA in light membrane fractions. Interestingly, ARF6 protein levels were elevated in H-Ras- but not K-Ras-transformed cells. A dominant-negative mutant of ARF6 inhibited PLD activity in H-Ras-transformed NIH 3T3 cells. Activated mutants of either ARF6 or RalA were not sufficient to elevate PLD activity in NIH 3T3 cells; however, expression of both activated RalA and activated ARF6 in NIH 3T3 cells led to increased PLD activity. These data suggest a model whereby H-Ras stimulates the activation of both RalA and ARF6, which together lead to the elevation of PLD activity.
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Suherman, Suherman. "INITIAL STUDY OF LINGUISTIC; VERBAL AND NONVERBAL SIGN OF ATTEMPTED SUICIDE AMONG ADOLESCENTS." Elevate The International Journal of Nursing Education, Practice and Research 1, no. 1 (July 24, 2018): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/elevate.1.1.29-32.2018.
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Increasing number of suicide cases, especially in adolescents, becomes problems that require serious treatment. Adolescence is a period of transition and hormonal development that can affect the emotions or mood. It is known that before attempting suicide, there are signs of language or linguistic such as verbal and nonverbal as an indication of the suicidal behavior action. This systematic review aims to identify these signs based on the results of several studies. There were 12 articles that have reviewed, the results showed there are three aspect that can be identified: used language from the suicider; perception of suicider toward the behaviour; and observerd behaviours. Most of the suicider express the feeling of Hopeless, Self-balming, feeling depressed and lonely, and also withdraw from society. It is expectedthat the result can be used as basic data toindentify signs and symptoms of suicide in adolescents.
Keywords: observed behaviors, suicide language; emotional expression
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Schnall, Simone, and Jean Roper. "Elevation Puts Moral Values Into Action." Social Psychological and Personality Science 3, no. 3 (October 5, 2011): 373–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550611423595.
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ЕВТЕХОВ, Д. В., Р. В. БЕЗНОСЮК, С. Т. КОДИРОВ, Г. К. РЕМБАЛОВИЧ, and Н. С. ЖБАНОВ. "STUDY OF PERFORMANCE INDICATORS OF POTATO HARVESTING MACHINES WITH MODERNIZED WORKING BODIES." VESTNIK RIAZANSKOGO GOSUDARSTVENNOGO AGROTEHNOLOGICHESKOGO UNIVERSITETA IM P A KOSTYCHEVA, no. 1(49) (March 30, 2021): 112–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.36508/rsatu.2021.49.1.017.
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Проблема и цель. В процессе уборки картофеля меняются почвенно-климатические условия, урожайность, свойства убираемых клубней и поэтому уборочный комплекс должен гибко реагировать на эти изменения. Это предполагает не только своевременную настройку рабочих органов, но и более широкие возможности современных картофелеуборочных машин. Цель – совершенствование картофелеуборочных машин на основе применения полимерных и композиционных материалов. Методология. Появление в бункере комбайна клубней с повреждениями, ушибами (потемнение мякоти) свидетельствует о значительных динамических нагрузках рабочих органов. Предлагаемый сепарирующий элеватор имеет гибкие композиционные прутки, которые взаимодействуют с обрезиненными роликами-интенсификаторами и при движении образуют волнообразную, постоянно меняющуюся поверхность. При поступлении картофельного вороха гибкие композиционные прутки прогибаются, причем чем больше масса поступающего картофельного вороха, тем больше величина прогиба прутков. При изменении почвенно-климатических условий значительная нагрузка приходится на органы выносной сепарации, поэтому увеличение производительности и снижение повреждений клубней является важной задачей. Для повышения эффективности работы продольной прямоточной пальчиковой горки был предложен многокулачковый встряхиватель с регулируемой частотой и амплитудой воздействия. Благодаря колебательным воздействиям полотна пальчиковой горки картофель приобретает дополнительную подвижность, что позволяет более полно использовать различия физико-механических свойств клубней и примесей. Результаты. Применение сепарирующего элеватора с композиционными прутками увеличило сепарирующую способность картофелекопателя на суглинке нормальной влажности (22 %) и снизило повреждения клубней на 2,6 %. Сравнительные показатели качества работы комбайна Grimme DR-1500, оборудованного модернизированной горкой с многокулачковым всряхивателем и серийного комбайна Grimme DR-1500 соответственно составили: полнота уборки – 97,3 % и 95,8 %; полнота выделения примесей – 94,1% и 86,8 %; процент повреждений клубней –2,47 % и 3,15 %. Заключение. Увеличение интенсивности сепарации на рабочих органах из композиционных и полимерных материалов позволяет увеличить производительность картофелеуборочных машин. Problem and purpose. In the process of harvesting potatoes, the soil and climatic conditions change, the yield properties of the harvested tubers, and therefore the harvesting complex must respond fexibly to these changes. This presupposes not only the timely adjustment of the working bodies, but also the wider possibilities of modern potato harvesters. The goal is to improve potato harvesters based on the use of polymer and composite materials. Methodology. The appearance of tubers with injuries in the bunker of the combine with bruises (darkening of the pulp) indicates signifcant dynamic loads of the working organs. The proposed separating elevator has fexible composite rods, which interact with rubberized intensifer rollers and, when moving, form a wavy, constantly changing surface. When the potato heap arrives, the fexible composite rods bend, and the greater the mass of the heap, the greater the defection. With a change in soil and climatic conditions, a signifcant load falls on the external separation organs, therefore, increasing productivity and reducing damage to tubers is an important task. To increase the efciency of the longitudinal direct-fow hedgehog slide, a multi-cam shaker with an adjustable frequency and amplitude of action was proposed. Owing to the vibrational efects of the hedgehog slider, the potato acquires additional mobility, which allows more full use of the diferences in the physical and mechanical properties of tubers and impurities. Results. The use of a separating elevator with composite rods increased the separating capacity of a potato digger on loam of normal moisture content (22%) and reduced damage to tubers by 2.6%. Comparative performance indicators of the Grimme DR-1500 combine equipped with a modernized slide with a multi-cam shaker and the Grimme DR-1500 serial combine, respectively, were: completeness of cleaning –97.3% and 95.8%; completeness of separation of impurities – 94.1% and 86.8%; percentage of damage to tubers –2.47% and 3.15%. Conclusion. An increase in the intensity of separation on working bodies made of composite and polymer materials allows increasing the productivity of potato harvesters.
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Todd, Kathryn G., and Glen B. Baker. "Neurochemical effects of the monoamine oxidase inhibitor phenelzine on brain GABA and alanine: A comparison with vigabatrin." Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, no. 2 (May 16, 2008): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18433/j34s38.
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PURPOSE. To compare phenelzine (PLZ), an antidepressant drug with anxiolytic properties which inhibits monoamine oxidase (MAO) but also elevates rat brain levels of the amino acids ?-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and alanine (ALA), with vigabatrin (VIG), an anticonvulsant which elevates brain GABA by inhibition of GABA transaminase (GABA-T), with regard to their actions on brain levels of GABA and ALA and on activities of MAO, GABA-T and ALA transaminase (ALA-T). METHODS. Male rats were administered PLZ (10 mg/kg) or VIG (1,000 mg/kg) i.p., and the rats were euthanized 4 hours later and the brains removed for analysis of levels of GABA and ALA (by electron capture gas chromatography after derivatization) and activities of MAO, GABA-T and ALA-T (radiochemical assays). RESULTS. Both PLZ and VIG inhibited GABA-T and elevated GABA levels. Only PLZ inhibited MAO and ALA-T and elevated ALA levels. The effects of PLZ on both amino acids and their transaminases were blocked by pre-treatment with the MAO inhibitor tranylcypromine. This pretreament had no effect on the inhibition of GABA-T or the elevation of brain GABA levels produced by VIG. CONCLUSIONS. At the doses studied, PLZ was as effective as VIG at elevating brain GABA levels, but, unlike VIG, also inhibited MAO and ALA-T (and increased brain ALA levels). Pretreatment of rats with the MAO inhibitor tranylcypromine prevented the increase in brain GABA and ALA levels with PLZ, but did not block the effect of VIG on GABA. These observations with tranylcypromine and PLZ support the hypothesis that an active metabolite of PLZ produced by the actions of MAO on this drug plays a major role in its GABA- and ALA-elevating actions.
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Gosavi, Devesh D., Amit S. Kamdi, Suvarna M. Kalambe, and Pankaj N. Bohra. "The antianxiety activity of aqueous extract of Withania coagulans fruits in swiss albino mice by elevated plus maze." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 9, no. 9 (August 25, 2020): 1337. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20203617.
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Background: Several anti-anxiety drugs used today have the numerous side effects. The Withania coagulans a rare species, is not studied much for its actions on anxiety except in late seventies where it was explored for neuropsychopharmacology. Thus, it was thought commendable to explore the anti-anxiety activities of aqueous extract of Withania coagulans fruits in swiss albino mice using elevated plus maze test.Methods: Elevated plus maze (EPM) test was used for evaluating the anti-anxiety action of Withania coagulans fruits’ aqueous extract. If the extract had anti-anxiety action, then it was expected that the time spent in the open space would increase and that in the closed space would decrease. This increase in time in the open space, if found statistically significant, was considered for antianxiety action.Results: There was statistically highly significant (p value <0.001) association observed between the aqueous extract of Withania coagulans fruits with antianxiety action in the swiss albino mice by elevated plus maze test.Conclusions: The aqueous extract of Withania coagulans fruits did prove the antianxiety effect in the swiss albino mice by elevated plus maze test.
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Premen, A. J. "Nature of the renal hemodynamic action of amino acids in dogs." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 256, no. 4 (April 1, 1989): F516—F523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1989.256.4.f516.
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Anesthetized dogs were used to study the nature of the renal hyperemia and hyperfiltration ascribed to amino acids. Intravenous (n = 6) or intraportal venous (n = 6) infusion of a solution of three metabolizable amino acids [serine, alanine, and proline (SAP) approximately 0.051 mmol.kg-1.min-1] elevated renal blood flow (RBF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by a similar amount (30%) over the same time course (60 min). Yet, direct intra-arterial infusion of SAP into the kidney at either approximately 0.0051 or 0.051 mmol.kg-.min-1 (n = 12) failed to significantly elevate either RBF or GFR over 60 min. A transient increase in RBF (approximately 13%) was, however, noted by minute 15 of the infusion. Unlike SAP, intraportal venous infusion of a physiological dose of branched-chain amino acids (valine, leucine, and isoleucine, approximately 0.0195 mmol.kg-1.min-1, n = 6) failed to elevate either RBF or GFR over 60 min. By comparison, either intravenous or intraportal venous infusion of SAP at approximately 0.020 mmol.kg-1.min-1 (n = 12) elevated renal hemodynamics by approximately 14% over 60 min. The data suggest that the liver does not directly mediate amino acid-induced increases in renal hemodynamics but that some other intermediary step activated following amino acid administration may be necessary before the renal hyperemia and hyperfiltration ascribed to amino acids are manifested in anesthetized dogs.
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Turgeon, J. L., and D. W. Waring. "cAMP augmentation of secretagogue-induced luteinizing hormone secretion." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 250, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): E62—E68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1986.250.1.e62.
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Whether adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) acts as a mediator for luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) in either its immediate LH release action or in its self-priming action was investigated. Pituitary pieces from either proestrous or estrous rats were superfused in vitro in the presence of dibutyryl cAMP [(Bu)2cAMP], 8-bromo-cAMP (8BrcAMP), forskolin, or control for 2-3 h. For proestrous but not estrous pituitary pieces, a slight increase in base-line LH secretion rate occurred at approximately 70 min of exposure to elevated cAMP; in the same system LHRH caused an increase in LH secretory rate within 2 min in either proestrous or estrous tissue. In contrast to its ineffectiveness as a secretagogue, cAMP elevation resulted in a severalfold augmentation of both LHRH- and elevated K+-induced LH secretion from proestrous but not estrous pituitary pieces; for these experiments, superfusion with a cAMP analogue or forskolin for varying times preceded a 10-min pulse of either 8 nM LHRH or 47 mM K+. Augmentation was evident after 30 min of cAMP elevation; longer exposures were coincident with greater potentiation. Cycloheximide prevented (Bu)2cAMP augmentation of LHRH-induced secretion. These data show that cAMP does not mediate the immediate LH release action of LHRH, but cAMP does augment LHRH- or K+-induced LH secretion with characteristics in common with the self-priming action of LHRH.
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Allen, D. E. "Effect of sympathectomy on renal and circulatory action of atrial natriuretic peptide." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 259, no. 6 (December 1, 1990): R1274—R1280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1990.259.6.r1274.
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Sympathetic nervous system (SNS) involvement in cardiovascular (CV) and renal actions of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) was examined in eight chronically instrumented rats. Responses to 90-min atriopeptin II infusion (0.03 then 0.3 micrograms.kg-1.min-1) were compared with those to sodium nitroprusside (NP; 2 + 20 micrograms.kg-1.min-1) before and after sympathectomy (SX) with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). The NP-induced drop in blood pressure (BP) was greater after SX (-12 +/- 1% before vs. -24 +/- 2% after SX). In contrast, 6-OHDA altered (blunted) only the bradycardic response to high dose of ANP (-23 +/- 5% before vs. -3 +/- 4% after SX). The decreased BP (-18 +/- 1% before vs. -12 +/- 2% after), depressed cardiac output (CO; -29 +/- 1% before vs. -22 +/- 3% after), and elevated systemic vascular resistance (SVR; 16 +/- 2 vs. 16 +/- 6%) were unchanged (paired t test, P greater than 0.05). The high dose of ANP increased urine flow by 43.2 +/- 7.2 microliters.min-1.100 g body wt-1 and sodium excretion by 1.76 +/- 0.56 mu eq.min-1.100 g body wt-1 but had no effect after SX. These results suggest that while withdrawal of SNS activity contributes to the CO-lowering effect of ANP, it does not mediate its action to elevate SVR. Attenuation of the capacity for reflex sympathoexcitation by SX did not reveal a vasodilator action. The lack of response after SX suggests that ANP's renal excretory actions are mediated in part by withdrawal of SNS activity.
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Huxley, V. H., and D. J. Meyer. "Capillary permeability: atrial peptide action is independent of "protein effect"." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 259, no. 5 (November 1, 1990): H1351—H1356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1990.259.5.h1351.
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Perfusion of exchange microvessels with the vasoactive hormone, atrial natriuretic peptide (AP), acutely and reversibly elevates hydraulic conductivity (Lp) by mechanisms that are, as yet, unknown. This, the first of two studies to characterize AP responses when perfusate composition was altered, specifically focuses on the action of AP when perfusate albumin was lowered to change the transcapillary barrier properties for water by passive mechanisms (protein effect). Perfusion of frog (Rana pipiens) mesenteric microvessels with 1 nM AP in 10 mg/ml bovine serum albumin (BSA) elevated Lp by a median 2.1-fold (range 1.2-2.7, n = 13) from control levels (10 mg/ml BSA). Reduction of perfusate albumin from 10 to 1 mg/ml elicited a small rise in Lp (1.8-fold, n = 10); Lp rose a further 2.1-fold (n = 6) when 1 nM AP was added to 1 mg/ml BSA. Likewise, protein-free perfusion elevated Lp from a median 2.2 to 5.1 X 10(-7) cm.s-1.cmH2O-1 (n = 11); 1 nM AP in protein-free perfusate elevated Lp a further 2.1-fold (n = 8). Thus, regardless of protein content, the response to the peptide was a consistent, twofold increase in exchange vessel Lp (n = 27). These data are consistent with the suggestion that the AP-activated rise in Lp (twofold) occurs via an increase in the effective area of the transcapillary pathway for water without influencing the selectivity properties of the paracellular, albumin-sensitive portion of the barrier.
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Takahashi, Kazuhiro. "Distribution of Urocortins and Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Receptors in the Cardiovascular System." International Journal of Endocrinology 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/395284.
Full textAbstract:
Urocortins are human homologues of urotensin I, a fish corticotropin-releasing-factor- (CRF-) like peptide secreted from the urophysis. There are three urocortins: urocortin 1, urocortin 2, and urocortin 3 in mammals. We have shown that urocortin 1 and urocortin 3 are endogenously synthesized in the myocardial cells of human heart and may act on CRF type 2 receptor (CRFR2) expressed in the heart. Expression levels of urocortin 1 in the heart and plasma urocortin 1 levels are elevated in patients with heart failure. Recent studies have shown that urocortins have various biological actions in the cardiovascular system, such as a vasodilator action, a positive inotropic action, a cardioprotective action against ischemia/reperfusion injury, and suppressive actions against the renin angiotensin system and the sympathetic nervous system. Urocortins and CRFR2 may therefore be a potential therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases, such as congestive heart failure, hypertension, and myocardial infarction.
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Adams, Drew J., Mingji Dai, Giovanni Pellegrino, Bridget K. Wagner, Andrew M. Stern, Alykhan F. Shamji, and Stuart L. Schreiber. "Synthesis, cellular evaluation, and mechanism of action of piperlongumine analogs." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109, no. 38 (September 4, 2012): 15115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1212802109.
Full textAbstract:
Piperlongumine is a naturally occurring small molecule recently identified to be toxic selectively to cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. This compound was found to elevate cellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) selectively in cancer cell lines. The synthesis of 80 piperlongumine analogs has revealed structural modifications that retain, enhance, and ablate key piperlongumine-associated effects on cells, including elevation of ROS, cancer cell death, and selectivity for cancer cells over nontransformed cell types. Structure/activity relationships suggest that the electrophilicity of the C2-C3 olefin is critical for the observed effects on cells. Furthermore, we show that analogs lacking a reactive C7-C8 olefin can elevate ROS to levels observed with piperlongumine but show markedly reduced cell death, suggesting that ROS-independent mechanisms, including cellular cross-linking events, may also contribute to piperlongumine’s induction of apoptosis. In particular, we have identified irreversible protein glutathionylation as a process associated with cellular toxicity. We propose a mechanism of action for piperlongumine that may be relevant to other small molecules having two sites of reactivity, one with greater and the other with lesser electrophilicity.
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Muza, S. R., G. J. Criner, and S. G. Kelsen. "Effect of lung volume on the respiratory action of the canine pectoral muscles." Journal of Applied Physiology 73, no. 6 (December 1, 1992): 2408–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1992.73.6.2408.
Full textAbstract:
Lung volume influences the mechanical action of the primary inspiratory and expiratory muscles by affecting their precontraction length, alignment with the rib cage, and mechanical coupling to agonistic and antagonistic muscles. We have previously shown that the canine pectoral muscles exert an expiratory action on the rib cage when the forelimbs are at the torso's side and an inspiratory action when the forelimbs are held elevated. To determine the effect of lung volume on intrathoracic pressure changes produced by the canine pectoral muscles, we performed isolated bilateral supramaximal electrical stimulation of the deep pectoral and superficial pectoralis (descending and transverse heads) muscles in 15 adult supine anesthetized dogs during hyperventilation-induced apnea. Lung volume was altered by application of a negative or positive pressure (+/- 30 cmH2O) to the airway. In all animals, selective electrical stimulation of the descending, transverse, and deep pectoral muscles with the forelimbs held elevated produced negative intrathoracic pressure changes (i.e., an inspiratory action). Moreover, with the forelimbs elevated, increasing lung volume decreased both pectoral muscle fiber precontraction length and the negative intrathoracic pressure changes generated by contraction of each of these muscles. Conversely, with the forelimbs along the torso, increasing lung volume lengthened pectoral muscle precontraction length and augmented the positive intrathoracic pressure changes produced by muscle contraction (i.e., an expiratory action). These results indicate that lung volume significantly affects the length of the canine pectoral muscles and their mechanical actions on the rib cage.
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Mourad, Nizar I., Myriam Nenquin, and Jean-Claude Henquin. "Metabolic amplifying pathway increases both phases of insulin secretion independently of β-cell actin microfilaments." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 299, no. 2 (August 2010): C389—C398. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00138.2010.
Full textAbstract:
Two pathways control glucose-induced insulin secretion (IS) by β-cells. The triggering pathway involves ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel-dependent depolarization, Ca2+ influx, and a rise in the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c), which triggers exocytosis of insulin granules. The metabolic amplifying pathway augments IS without further increasing [Ca2+]c. The underlying mechanisms are unknown. Here, we tested the hypothesis that amplification implicates actin microfilaments. Mouse islets were treated with latrunculin B and cytochalasin B to depolymerize actin or jasplakinolide to polymerize actin. They were then perifused to measure [Ca2+]c and IS. Metabolic amplification was studied during imposed steady elevation of [Ca2+]c by tolbutamide or KCl or by comparing the magnitude of [Ca2+]c and IS changes produced by glucose and tolbutamide. Both actin polymerization and depolymerization augmented IS triggered by all stimuli without increasing (sometimes decreasing) [Ca2+]c, which indicates a predominantly inhibitory function of microfilaments in exocytosis at a step distal to [Ca2+]c increase. When [Ca2+]c was elevated and controlled by KCl or tolbutamide, the amplifying action of glucose was facilitated by actin depolymerization and unaffected by polymerization. Both phases of IS were larger in response to high-glucose than to tolbutamide in low-glucose, although triggering [Ca2+]c was lower. This difference in IS, due to amplification, persisted when the IS rate was doubled by actin depolymerization or polymerization. In conclusion, metabolic amplification is rapid and influences the first as well as the second phase of IS. It is a late step of stimulus-secretion coupling, which does not require functional actin microfilaments and could correspond to acceleration of the priming process conferring release competence to insulin granules.
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Sun, Li, Daria Lizneva, Yaoting Ji, Graziana Colaianni, Elina Hadelia, Anisa Gumerova, Kseniia Ievleva, et al. "Oxytocin regulates body composition." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 52 (December 16, 2019): 26808–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1913611116.
Full textAbstract:
The primitive neurohypophyseal nonapeptide oxytocin (OXT) has established functions in parturition, lactation, appetite, and social behavior. We have shown that OXT has direct actions on the mammalian skeleton, stimulating bone formation by osteoblasts and modulating the genesis and function of bone-resorbing osteoclasts. We deleted OXT receptors (OXTRs) selectively in osteoblasts and osteoclasts usingCol2.3CreandAcp5Cremice, respectively. Both male and femaleCol2.3Cre+:Oxtrfl/flmice recapitulate the low-bone mass phenotype ofOxtr+/−mice, suggesting that OXT has a prominent osteoblastic action in vivo. Furthermore, abolishment of the anabolic effect of estrogen inCol2.3Cre+:Oxtrfl/flmice suggests that osteoblastic OXTRs are necessary for estrogen action. In addition, the high bone mass inAcp5Cre+:Oxtrfl/flmice indicates a prominent action of OXT in stimulating osteoclastogenesis. In contrast, we found that in pregnant and lactatingCol2.3Cre+:Oxtrfl/flmice, elevated OXT inhibits bone resorption and rescues the bone loss otherwise noted during pregnancy and lactation. However, OXT does not contribute to ovariectomy-induced bone loss. Finally, we show that OXT acts directly on OXTRs on adipocytes to suppress the white-to-beige transition gene program. Despite this direct antibeiging action, injected OXT reduces total body fat, likely through an action on OXT-ergic neurons. Consistent with an antiobesity action of OXT,Oxt−/−andOxtr−/−mice display increased total body fat. Overall, the actions of OXT on bone mass and body composition provide the framework for future therapies for osteoporosis and obesity.
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Lee, Jiae, Katelyn G. L. Ng, Kenneth M. Dombek, Dae Seok Eom, and Young V. Kwon. "Tumors overcome the action of the wasting factor ImpL2 by locally elevating Wnt/Wingless." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 23 (June 2, 2021): e2020120118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2020120118.
Full textAbstract:
Tumors often secrete wasting factors associated with atrophy and the degeneration of host tissues. If tumors were to be affected by the wasting factors, mechanisms allowing tumors to evade the adverse effects of the wasting factors must exist, and impairing such mechanisms may attenuate tumors. We use Drosophila midgut tumor models to show that tumors up-regulate Wingless (Wg) to oppose the growth-impeding effects caused by the wasting factor, ImpL2 (insulin-like growth factor binding protein [IGFBP]-related protein). Growth of Yorkie (Yki)-induced tumors is dependent on Wg while either elimination of ImpL2 or elevation of insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling in tumors revokes this dependency. Notably, Wg augmentation could be a general mechanism for supporting the growth of tumors with elevated ImpL2 and exploited to attenuate muscle degeneration during wasting. Our study elucidates the mechanism by which tumors negate the action of ImpL2 to uphold their growth during cachexia-like wasting and implies that targeting the Wnt/Wg pathway might be an efficient treatment strategy for cancers with elevated IGFBPs.
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Talmor, Yeela, Eliezer Golan, Sydney Benchetrit, Jacques Bernheim, Osnat Klein, Janice Green, and Gloria Rashid. "Calcitriol blunts the deleterious impact of advanced glycation end products on endothelial cells." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 294, no. 5 (May 2008): F1059—F1064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00051.2008.
Full textAbstract:
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which are elevated in diabetic and uremic patients, may induce vascular dysfunctions, and calcitriol may improve the cardiovascular complications. Therefore, we examined whether calcitriol may modify the endothelial response to AGEs stimulation. Knowing the importance of nuclear factor-κB in endothelial inflammatory responses, the effect of AGEs and calcitriol on this pathway was also studied. Calcitriol was added to endothelial cells previously incubated with AGE-human serum albumin (HSA). AGE-HSA induced a decrease in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) mRNA expression and enzyme activity. Addition of calcitriol to AGE-HSA-treated endothelial cells improved the decreased action of AGEs on the eNOS system. AGE-HSA increased the AGEs receptor mRNA and protein, which were both blunted by calcitriol. The parallel elevation of interleukin-6 mRNA in the presence of AGE-HSA was also blunted by calcitriol. The NF-κB-p65 DNA binding activity was enhanced and associated with a decrease in inhibitor κBα (IκBα) and an increase in phosphorylated (p)-IκBα levels. Addition of calcitriol blunted the AGEs-induced elevation of NF-κB-p65 DNA binding activity, a phenomenon related to an increased expression of IκBα. This increase was correlated to declined p-IκBα levels. The present results support the concept that calcitriol may act as a vascular protective agent counteracting the probable deleterious actions of AGEs on endothelial cell activities.
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Stachowicz, Aneta, Anna Wiśniewska, Katarzyna Kuś, Magdalena Białas, Magdalena Łomnicka, Justyna Totoń-Żurańska, Anna Kiepura, et al. "Diminazene Aceturate Stabilizes Atherosclerotic Plaque and Attenuates Hepatic Steatosis in apoE-Knockout Mice by Influencing Macrophages Polarization and Taurine Biosynthesis." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 11 (May 30, 2021): 5861. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22115861.
Full textAbstract:
Atherosclerosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease are leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the Western countries. The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) with its two main opposing effectors, i.e., angiotensin II (Ang II) and Ang-(1–7), is widely recognized as a major regulator of cardiovascular function and body metabolic processes. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) by breaking-down Ang II forms Ang-(1–7) and thus favors Ang-(1–7) actions. Therefore, the aim of our study was to comprehensively evaluate the influence of prolonged treatment with ACE2 activator, diminazene aceturate (DIZE) on the development of atherosclerotic lesions and hepatic steatosis in apoE−/− mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). We have shown that DIZE stabilized atherosclerotic lesions and attenuated hepatic steatosis in apoE−/− mice fed an HFD. Such effects were associated with decreased total macrophages content and increased α-smooth muscle actin levels in atherosclerotic plaques. Moreover, DIZE changed polarization of macrophages towards increased amount of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages in the atherosclerotic lesions. Interestingly, the anti-steatotic action of DIZE in the liver was related to the elevated levels of HDL in the plasma, decreased levels of triglycerides, and increased biosynthesis and concentration of taurine in the liver of apoE−/− mice. However, exact molecular mechanisms of both anti-atherosclerotic and anti-steatotic actions of DIZE require further investigations.