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1
Karanovic, Olivera, Michel Thabet, Hugh R. Wilson, and Frances Wilkinson. "Detection and discrimination of flicker contrast in migraine." Cephalalgia 31, no. 6 (2011): 723–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102411398401.
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Aims: Flickering light is strongly aversive to many individuals with migraine. This study was designed to evaluate other abnormalities in the processing of temporally modulating visual stimulation. Methods: We measured psychophysical thresholds for detection of a flickering target and for the discrimination of suprathreshold flicker contrasts (increment thresholds) in 14 migraineurs and 14 healthy controls with and without prior adaptation to high-contrast flicker. Visual discomfort (aversion) thresholds were also assessed. Results: In the baseline (no adaptation) conditions, detection and discrimination thresholds did not differ significantly between groups. Following adaptation, flicker detection thresholds were elevated equivalently in both groups; however, discrimination thresholds were more strongly affected in migraineurs than in controls, showing greater elevation at moderate contrasts and greater threshold reduction (sensitisation) at high contrast (70%). Migraineurs also had significantly elevated discomfort scores, and these were significantly correlated with number of years with migraine. Discussion: We conclude that visual flicker not only causes discomfort but also exerts measurable effects on contrast processing in the visual pathways in migraine. The findings are discussed in the context of the existing literature on habituation, adaptation and contrast-gain control.
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Martell, R. E., F. J. Xu, W. Z. Davis, et al. "OVX1 and CEA in Patients with Colon Carcinoma, Colon Polyps and Benign Colon Disorders." International Journal of Biological Markers 13, no. 3 (1998): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/172460089801300304.
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The OVX1 tumor marker promises to complement CA125 for detection of early stage ovarian carcinoma. OVX1 has also been shown to be elevated in colon cancer patients. This study is designed to assess serum OVX1 levels in patients with specific stages of colon cancer, colon polyps or other GI disorders. Serum OVX1 and CEA were measured by radioimmunoassay or enzyme immunoassay for 206 patients at the time of colonoscopy or staging for colon carcinoma. In patients with stage I, II, III, or IV colon carcinoma, serum OVX1 was positive in 37%, 48%, 74% and 63%, respectively. Fifty-three percent of patients with colon polyps had elevated OVX1 levels, while OVX1 levels were positive in only 7% of healthy controls. If both OVX1 and CEA were considered, at least one of these markers was elevated in 36%, 60%, 79% or 89% of patients with stage I, II, III or IV colon carcinoma, respectively. The majority of patients with inflammatory bowel disease or diverticulosis also had elevated OVX1 levels. Both markers were positive in 27% of patients with colon carcinoma, and not in any patients with a normal colonoscopy or with a diagnosis of diverticulosis or hemorrhoids. In conclusion, serum OVX1 improves the sensitivity of CEA for detecting colon polyps and colon cancer; however, the use of OVX1 in this setting is hindered by its elevation in non-malignant colonic processes.
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Yang, Bao Gui. "Fault Detection Expert System of Elevator Control Cabinet Based on LabView." Applied Mechanics and Materials 539 (July 2014): 596–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.539.596.
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An expert testing system of elevator control cabinet was developed based on LabView, for resolving the difficulties on elevator testing and elevator fault troubleshooting. With fault tree analysis algorithm, manual knowledge obtaining method was used, and forward reasoning strategy was employed for locating the possible reason of the system fault quickly and exactly. The system was modularized to reduce the complexity of the program. The graphical interface was programmed by LabView to improve human-computer interaction ability. The results indicated the expert system can be applied to system fault detection well and improve the efficiency of elevator troubleshooting.
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Zheng, Yi Peng, Zu Tao Zhang, and Hong Xu. "A Novel Intelligent Elevator Group Control Algorithm Based on Corridor Passenger Detection and Tracking." Applied Mechanics and Materials 336-338 (July 2013): 815–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.336-338.815.
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The conventional elevator group control system is based on the button as a response and where to dispatch an elevator car. There is one big problem that when system dispatches the elevator to that button responding floor, but no passenger there and causing a waste of time and energy. In this paper, we present a novel intelligent elevator group control algorithm based on corridor passenger detection and tracking. In the above proposed system, after the corridor passengers are detected using binocular-cameras, Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) is introduced to improve robustness and accuracy of corridor passenger motion tracking. At same time, a novel intelligent elevator group control strategy based on corridor passenger detection and tracking is proposed to improve the performance and transport efficiency of the elevator. Compared with the traditional elevator group control system, the proposed system has potential advantages in minimizing passengers’ waiting time and saving electronic energy. The final experimental results show the validity of our method under simulation condition.
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Selvarajah, Suganya, Sheila Keating, John Heitman, et al. "Detection of host immune responses in acute phase sera of spontaneous resolution versus persistent hepatitis C virus infection." Journal of General Virology 93, no. 8 (2012): 1673–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.041277-0.
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Prior to the identification of hepatitis C virus (HCV), transfusion-transmission was common. Viral transmission in subjects with a known date of infection allows the study of the immune responses to acute HCV infection. We analysed 39 soluble immune factors in serum samples from subjects with transfusion-transmitted HCV. Dynamic expression kinetics of interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10), tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin (IL)-10 were observed during acute HCV infection. Serum IP-10 was the only analyte that was significantly elevated in HCV resolvers compared with uninfected controls. In individuals who progressed to chronic HCV elevated levels of IP-10 and IL-10 coincided with first significant alanine aminotransferase elevation and remained elevated during the first year of acute HCV infection. In addition to monitoring lack of reduction in viral load, serum levels of IP-10 and IL-10 expression during acute HCV infection may be useful biomarkers to predict the progress to chronic HCV.
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Wang, Pangwei, Yunfeng Wang, Xu Wang, Ying Liu, and Juan Zhang. "An Intelligent Actuator of an Indoor Logistics System Based on Multi-Sensor Fusion." Actuators 10, no. 6 (2021): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act10060120.
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Integration technologies of artificial intelligence (AI) and autonomous vehicles play important roles in intelligent transportation systems (ITS). In order to achieve better logistics distribution efficiency, this paper proposes an intelligent actuator of an indoor logistics system by fusing multiple involved sensors. Firstly, an actuator based on a four-wheel differential chassis is equipped with sensors, including an RGB camera, a lidar and an indoor inertial navigation system, by which autonomous driving can be realized. Secondly, cross-floor positioning can be realized by multi-node simultaneous localization and mappings (SLAM) based on the Cartographer algorithm Thirdly the actuator can communicate with elevators and take the elevator to the designated delivery floor. Finally, a novel indoor route planning strategy is designed based on an A* algorithm and genetic algorithm (GA) and an actual building is tested as a scenario. The experimental results have shown that the actuator can model the indoor mapping and develop the optimal route effectively. At the same time, the actuator displays its superiority in detecting the dynamic obstacles and actively avoiding the collision in the indoor scenario. Through communicating with indoor elevators, the final delivery task can be completed accurately by autonomous driving.
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Baumann, Ralf, Susanne Kaempfer, Novel N. Chegou, et al. "A Subgroup of LatentlyMycobacterium tuberculosisInfected Individuals Is Characterized by Consistently Elevated IgA Responses to Several Mycobacterial Antigens." Mediators of Inflammation 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/364758.
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Elevated antibody responses toMycobacterium tuberculosisantigens in individuals with latent infection (LTBI) have previously been linked to an increased risk for progression to active disease. Studies in the field focussed mainly on IgG antibodies. In the present study, IgA and/or IgG responses to the mycobacterial protein antigens AlaDH, NarL, 19 kDa, PstS3, and MPT83 were determined in a blinded fashion in sera from 53 LTBI controls, 14 healthy controls, and 42 active TB subjects. Among controls, we found that elevated IgA levels against all investigated antigens were not randomly distributed but concentrated on a subgroup of<30%—with particular high levels in a small subgroup of~5%comprising one progressor to active TB. Based on a specificity of100%, anti-NarL IgA antibodies achieved with78.6%sensitivity the highest accuracy for the detection of active TB compared to healthy controls. In conclusion, the consistently elevated IgA levels in a subgroup of controls suggest higher mycobacterial load, a risk factor for progression to active TB, and together with high IgG levels may have prognostic potential and should be investigated in future large scale studies. The novel antigen NarL may also be promising for the antibody-based diagnosis of active TB cases.
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Chen, Xu, Jiaxin Zhao, Katja C. Iselin, et al. "Keratoconus detection of changes using deep learning of colour-coded maps." BMJ Open Ophthalmology 6, no. 1 (2021): e000824. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjophth-2021-000824.
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ObjectiveTo evaluate the accuracy of convolutional neural networks technique (CNN) in detecting keratoconus using colour-coded corneal maps obtained by a Scheimpflug camera.DesignMulticentre retrospective study.Methods and analysisWe included the images of keratoconic and healthy volunteers’ eyes provided by three centres: Royal Liverpool University Hospital (Liverpool, UK), Sedaghat Eye Clinic (Mashhad, Iran) and The New Zealand National Eye Center (New Zealand). Corneal tomography scans were used to train and test CNN models, which included healthy controls. Keratoconic scans were classified according to the Amsler-Krumeich classification. Keratoconic scans from Iran were used as an independent testing set. Four maps were considered for each scan: axial map, anterior and posterior elevation map, and pachymetry map.ResultsA CNN model detected keratoconus versus health eyes with an accuracy of 0.9785 on the testing set, considering all four maps concatenated. Considering each map independently, the accuracy was 0.9283 for axial map, 0.9642 for thickness map, 0.9642 for the front elevation map and 0.9749 for the back elevation map. The accuracy of models in recognising between healthy controls and stage 1 was 0.90, between stages 1 and 2 was 0.9032, and between stages 2 and 3 was 0.8537 using the concatenated map.ConclusionCNN provides excellent detection performance for keratoconus and accurately grades different severities of disease using the colour-coded maps obtained by the Scheimpflug camera. CNN has the potential to be further developed, validated and adopted for screening and management of keratoconus.
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K. V., Harish, Hareesh R., and Akshatha Savith. "Study of serum adiponectin levels for early detection of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications on kidney." International Journal of Advances in Medicine 8, no. 2 (2021): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20210102.
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Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder due to insulin resistance caused by destruction of beta cells of pancreas. Insulin resistance in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients leads to hyperglycemia. Serum adiponectin is a more sensitive and specific biomarker for early detection of diabetic nephropathy than urinary microalbuminuria.Methods: This is a case-control study conducted in Akash Institute of Medical Sciences, A total 180 subjects (120 cases and 60 controls). All the subjects included after informed consent, blood samples and urine samples are collected from the all the subjects. The serum Adiponectin and was estimated by using enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) and fasting blood sugar (FBS), post prandial blood sugar (PPBS) and renal function test (RFT) was also estimated by laboratory standard methods.Results: This study was evaluated the FBS, PPBS, RFT and serum adiponectin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and compare them with healthy controls. The serum adiponectin levels more significantly elevated in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and compared with the healthy controls. The study also found that significantly elevated levels of FBS, PPBS and RFT in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and compared with the healthy controls, The statistically significant levels of serum adiponectin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and when compared with the controls (p= 0.0001).Conclusions: The study suggesting that the s estimation of serum adiponectin levels in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients useful for early detection of diabetic nephropathy. Because elevated levels of serum adiponectin in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus, this levels are positively correlated with the FBS and PPBS.
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Hoppensteadt, Debra, Sallu Jabati, Trung Phan, et al. "Increased Extracellular Nucleosome Levels and Microparticles in Atrial Fibrillation Patients Compared to the Age-Matched Normal Population." Blood 128, no. 22 (2016): 4912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.4912.4912.
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Abstract Introduction : Atrial fibrillation (AF) is currently the most common cardiac arrhythmia encountered in clinical practice and a major cause of morbidity and mortality among adults. It is estimated that atrial fibrillation affects approximately 2.7 million people in the United States. Extracellular plasma nucleosomes (PNs) are complexes of DNA and histones that are released during cell death. Histones have been shown to function as DAMPs when they are translocated from the nucleus to the extracellular space. It is hypothesized that these extracellular nucleosomes contribute to the observed hypercoagulable state and embolic complications in AF. Methods : The concentration of PNs in 48 plasma samples of atrial fibrillation patients and 38 aged-matched controls were measured using the Cell Death Detection ELISA PLUS assay (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany) and functional microparticle levels were measured using an annexin binding method (Hyphen Biomedical, Paris, France). Results : When comparing the concentration of nucleosomes in plasma, the atrial fibrillation patients (306.1 ± 328.86 μg/mL) had much higher levels than the aged-matched controls (177.9 ± 146.7 μg/mL), (p = 0.0015). Functional microparticles were also markedly elevated in the AF patients (18.6 ± 4.1 nM) in comparison to the aged-matched controls (4.6 ± 3.1 nM), (p=0.001). A significant correlation was observed between the PN's and microparticles, (p < 0.05). Conclusion : Both the microparticles and PNs were elevated in atrial fibrillation when compared to aged-matched controls, suggesting increased cell death resulting in the generation of these biomarkers. Extracellular nucleosomes function as DAMPs by binding to receptors and triggering the activation of multiple signal pathways which may contribute to the elevation of microparticles. Due to the involvement of inflammation and thrombosis in the pathology of atrial fibrillation, the simultaneously increased circulating nucleosome and microparticle levels in patients with AF implies their role in the pathogenesis of this syndrome. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Ekrikpo, U. E., E. E. Effa, E. E. Akpan, A. S. Obot та S. Kadiri. "Clinical Utility of Urinaryβ2-Microglobulin in Detection of Early Nephropathy in African Diabetes Mellitus Patients". International Journal of Nephrology 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4093171.
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Background. Studies have indicated that diabetic tubulopathy may occur earlier than glomerulopathy, therefore providing a potential avenue for earlier diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy. Urinary beta-2-microglobulin (β2m) was investigated in this study as a potential biomarker in the detection of early nephropathy in type 2 diabetics.Methods. One hundred and two diabetic subjects and 103 controls that met the inclusion criteria had data (sociodemographic, medical history, physical examination, and laboratory) collected. Urinaryβ2m levels and urinary albumin concentration (UAC) were determined.Results. Elevated urinaryβ2m was more frequent among the diabetics (52%, 95% CI: 42.1–61.8%) than among the controls (32%, 95% CI: 22.9–41.2%). The frequency of microalbuminuria was higher in the diabetics (35.3%, 95% CI: 25.9–44.7%) than in the controls (15.5%, 95% CI: 8.4–22.6%). There was a positive correlation between urinaryβ2m and UAC (rho = 0.38,p<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed BMI (OR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.05–1.45), eGFR (OR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.94–0.99), and presence of microalbuminuria (OR: 3.94, 95% CI: 1.32–11.77) as independent predictors of elevated urinary beta-2-microglobulin among the diabetics.Conclusion. Urinaryβ2m may be useful, either as a single test or as a component of a panel of tests, in the early detection of diabetic nephropathy.
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Wang, Jen-Chin, Nubar Boghossian, Tsong S. Chang, Allan D. Novetsky, and Allan Astrow. "Enhanced HDAC (Histone Deacetylase) Enzyme Activities in Blood CD 34+ Cells in Patients with Agnogenic Myeloid Metaplasia Are Not Related to Jak 2 Mutation." Blood 106, no. 11 (2005): 4953. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.4953.4953.
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Abstract We have previously reported that HDAC enzyme activities were elevated in patients with agnogenic myeloid metaplasia (AMM) as compared with patients with other myeloproliferative disorders including essential thrombocytosis (ET) and polycythemia vera (PV) and normal volunteer controls (Exp hematol33:1052005). Jak 2 mutations were found in 35–50% patients with AMM. The present study was designed to see if the elevated HDAC activities in AMM are related to JAK 2 mutations. 9 patients of AMM, and 17 of other MPD, and 10 normal volunteer controls were studied. Detection of Jak 2 mutation was using Bsa X1 digestion of the PCR product (Lancet365: 1054, 2005). 4 patients with AMM were found to have elevated HDAC enzyme activities (defined as more than 2 SD of controls) and only one patient was found to have an heterozygous mutation of Jak2 mutation.. We conclude that enhanced HDAC activities in AMM are not related to the Jak-2 mutation and enhanced HDAC activities may represent another mechanism than JAK2 mutations in the pathogenesis of AMM.
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S. V., Balakrishna, Veerabhadra Goud G. K., and Veluri Ganesh. "A study of serum levels of prostate specific antigen, prostate acid phosphatase in prostate cancer patients and its complications on liver." International Surgery Journal 8, no. 2 (2021): 554. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20210065.
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Background: The prostate cancer (PC) is most leading disorders in human beings particularly in males. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) and prostate acid phosphatase (PAP) are tumor markers useful for early detection and diagnosis of PC. In prostate cancer patients more prone to liver and bone cancer metastasis because in these patients elevated levels of serum liver function tests (LFT) and these liver enzymes more specific for early detection of pathological changes in liver and bones.Methods: This is the case control study was carried out the association of serum levels of PSA/PAP inpatients with prostate cancer and healthy controls. Total 120 subjects included in this study in that 60 PC patients and 60 controls was included and blood was collected. The serum PSA levels are estimated by ELISA, PAP estimated by Kinetic method and LFT Was analyzed by commercial kits. Results: The present study evaluates the serum levels of LFT, PSA and PAP in patients with prostate cancer and compared with the healthy controls. The statistically significant difference between the PSA, PAP and LFT levels in patients with PC when compared to controls. The positive correlation in between PSA, PAP with LFT (p=0.001).Conclusions: This study suggesting that the serum PSA, PAP levels sensitive parameters for early detection of prostatic cancer and also for these patients’ frequent measurements of serum liver function tests, useful for early detection of significant pathological changes occurs in the liver and bone cancers metastasis from prostate.
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Zang, Ying, Shibo Meng, Lian Hu, et al. "Optimization Design and Experimental Testing of a Laser Receiver for Use in a Laser Levelling Control System." Electronics 9, no. 3 (2020): 536. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9030536.
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The elevation detection accuracy of the laser receiver in the laser levelling control system directly affects land-levelling operations. To effectively improve the effect of levelling operations and meet the requirements for the accuracy of elevation detection in different industries, this study optimization designed a multilevel adjustable laser receiver. First, we examined the laser signal detection technology and processing circuit, designed the photoelectric conversion array for the detection of the rotating laser, and converted it into a photocurrent signal. We also designed the filter, amplifier, and shaping and stretching circuits for analogue-to-digital conversion of the photocurrent signal. The digital signal was calculated based on the deviation of the elevation by using a microprocessor and was output by a controller area network (CAN) bus. The laser beam spot diameter transmission and diffusion were then studied, and with the detectable spot diameters were compared and analyzed. Accordingly, an algorithm was proposed to calculate the deviation of laser receiver elevation. The resolution of the elevation deviation was set to ±3 mm; however, this value could be adjusted to ±6 mm, ±9 mm, ±12 mm, and ±15 mm, according to the requirements. Finally, the laser receiver was tested and analyzed, and the test results of the elevation detection accuracy showed that when the laser receiver was within a radius of 90 m, the elevation detection accuracy was within the ±3 mm range. The outcomes of the farmland-levelling test showed that the standard deviation S d of the field surface decreased from 9.54 cm before levelling to 2.42 cm after levelling, and the percentage of sampling points associated with absolute errors of ≤3 cm was 84.06%. These outcomes meet the requirements of high-standard farmland construction. The test results of concrete levelling showed that within a radius of 30 m, the standard deviation S d of the elevation adjustment of the left laser receiver was 1.389 mm, and the standard deviation S d of the elevation adjustment of the right laser receiver was 1.316 mm. Furthermore, the percentage of the sampling points associated with absolute elevation adjustment errors of ≤3 mm in the cases of the two laser receivers was 100% after levelling, whereas the standard deviation S d of the sand bed surface was 0.881 mm. Additionally, the percentage of the sampling points associated with absolute errors of ≤3 mm was 100%. This met the construction standards of the concrete industry.
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Song, Ki-Young, Hyun-Cheal Oh, Kwan-Yuhl Cho, and Hag-Wone Kim. "Initial Rotor Position Detection a PM Synchronous Motor and Speed Control of an Elevator Door." Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics 18, no. 6 (2013): 556–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.6113/tkpe.2013.18.6.556.
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Eum, Hyukmin, Sukyoon Jang, Heejin Lee, Mignon Park, and Changyong Yoon. "Human Detection and Fuzzy Temperature Control System for Energy Reduction of Cooling Device in Elevator." Journal of Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems 25, no. 2 (2015): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5391/jkiis.2015.25.2.147.
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Zhang, Zutao, Yipeng Zheng, Hong Xu, and Hengjian Li. "A novel elevator group control algorithm based on binocular-cameras corridor passenger detection and tracking." Multimedia Tools and Applications 74, no. 6 (2013): 1761–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11042-013-1716-1.
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Ho, A. S., X. Huang, H. Cao, A. C. Koong, and Q. T. Le. "Detection of circulating hypoxia-regulated miR-210 in pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (2009): 4624. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.4624.
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4624 Background: MicroRNAs (miRs) are small non-coding transcripts involved in many cellular mechanisms, including tumorigenesis. miR-210, in particular, has been shown to be induced by hypoxia, over-expressed in several different cancers, and correlated with adverse outcomes in breast cancer. Moreover, since pancreatic adenocarcinomas have been previously shown to be extremely hypoxic, we hypothesized that miR-210 may be elevated in the plasma of these patients compared to non-cancer controls. Here, we compared the circulating plasma levels of miR-210 in pancreatic cancer patients and controls using a novel miRNA extraction approach and quantitative PCR. Methods: Pretreatment EDTA plasma samples were obtained from pancreatic cancer patients and age-matched non-cancer controls. miRNA was extracted from 40ul of plasma and reverse transcribed to cDNA. A known quantity of c. elegans miR-54 was added to the sample as a normalization control. miR-210 and cel-miR-54 were then quantified using TaqMan MicroRNA Assays. The procedure was performed on the initial 11 pairs of age-matched pancreatic cancer patients and non- cancer controls, then validated with a second cohort of 12 pancreatic cancer patients and 11 controls. Results: miR-210 was reliably detected and quantified in small amounts of plasma using the approach developed in our study. There is a statistically significant four-fold increase of mir-210 expression in pancreatic cancer patients compared to normal controls (Student's t-test, p <0.0001). This difference was confirmed in the validation group (Student's t-test, p<0.05). Conclusions: Circulating miR-210 levels can be readily measured from a small quantity of plasma using a novel extraction method. Its expression is significantly higher in the blood of pancreatic cancer patients compared to controls and may potentially serve as a useful biomarker for pancreatic cancer diagnosis. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Choi, Sunga, Ju Hyun Shin, Yu Ran Lee, et al. "Urinary APE1/Ref-1: A Potential Bladder Cancer Biomarker." Disease Markers 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7276502.
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Bladder cancer (BCa) is one of the most common urothelial cancers with still noticeable incidence rate. Early detection of BCa is highly correlated with successful therapeutic outcomes. We previously showed that apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/redox factor-1 (APE1/Ref-1) was expressed at an increased level in the serum of BCa patients when compared to the level in healthy controls. In this study, we investigated whether urinary APE1/Ref-1 was also elevated in patients with BCa. In this case-control study, voided urine was collected from 277 subjects including 169 BCa patients and 108 non-BCa controls. Urinary APE1/Ref-1 level was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). APE1/Ref-1 levels were significantly elevated in BCa patients relative to levels in non-BCa controls and were correlated with tumor grade and stage. Urinary APE1/Ref-1 levels were also higher in patients with recurrence history of BCa. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve of APE1/Ref-1 showed an area under the curve of 0.83, indicating the reliability and validity of this biomarker. The optimal combination of sensitivity and specificity was determined to be 82% and 80% at a cut-off value of 0.376 ng/100 μL for detection of APE1/Ref-1 in urine. In conclusion, urinary APE1/Ref-1 levels measured from noninvasively obtained body fluids would be clinically applicable for diagnosis of BCa.
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Liu, Guan-Ting, Chi-Shin Hwang, Chia-Hung Hsieh, et al. "Eosinophil-Derived Neurotoxin Is Elevated in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis." Mediators of Inflammation 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/421389.
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Background and Objectives. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by loss of motor neurons in the brainstem, motor cortex, and spinal cord. Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation have been implicated in the pathophysiology of ALS. Members of the family of damage-associated molecular patterns, including reactive oxygen species, high-mobility group box 1, and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN), may participate in pathological conditions. In this study, we aim to discover new biomarker for detecting ALS.Materials and Methods. We examined 44 patients with ALS, 41 patients with Alzheimer’s disease, 41 patients with Parkinson’s disease, and 44 healthy controls. The concentration of serum EDN was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results. EDN levels were significantly increased 2.17-fold in the serum of patients with ALS as compared with healthy controls (P<0.05). No correlation between the levels of serum EDN and various clinical parameters of ALS was found. Moreover, the levels of serum EDN in patients with Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease and healthy controls were similar.Conclusion. A higher level of serum EDN was found specifically in patients with ALS, indicating that EDN may participate in the pathophysiology of ALS.
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Remmen, Jaap J., Wim R. M. Aengevaeren, Freek W. A. Verheugt, and René W. M. M. Jansen. "Detection of elevated pulmonary capillary wedge pressure in elderly patients with various cardiac disorders by the Valsalva manoeuvre." Clinical Science 111, no. 2 (2006): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20050372.
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In the present study, we assessed whether elevated (≥15 mmHg) PCWP (pulmonary capillary wedge pressure) can be detected using the blood pressure response to the Valsalva manoeuvre in a group of elderly patients with various cardiac disorders, including atrial fibrillation and valvular heart disease, and healthy elderly controls. The Valsalva manoeuvre was performed in 93 patients (71±4 years) and 28 healthy controls (70±4 years) undergoing right-sided cardiac catheterization. Blood pressure was measured non-invasively with Finapres. PPR (pulse pressure ratio), the ratio of minimum pulse pressure during phase 2 and maximum pulse pressure during phase 1 of the Valsalva manoeuvre, was correlated with PCWP (r=0.63, P<0.001). The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of PPR with elevated PCWP was 0.85 (P<0.001). For PPR=0.62, sensitivity for elevated PCWP was 80%, specificity was 79%, positive predictive value was 76% and negative predictive value was 83%. Correlation of PPR with PCWP and the ability of PPR to detect elevated PCWP was present in atrial fibrillation, heart failure and valvular heart disease. In conclusion, PPR is a sensitive and specific instrument to diagnose elevated PCWP non-invasively in a large group of elderly patients with various cardiac disorders. This makes the Valsalva manoeuvre a useful non-invasive tool for diagnosing heart failure, applicable in elderly patients with common cardiac disorders, such as atrial fibrillation and valvular heart disease.
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Nam, Robert K., Eleftherios P. Diamandis, Ants Toi, et al. "Serum Human Glandular Kallikrein-2 Protease Levels Predict the Presence of Prostate Cancer Among Men With Elevated Prostate-Specific Antigen." Journal of Clinical Oncology 18, no. 5 (2000): 1036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2000.18.5.1036.
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PURPOSE: We hypothesize that serum human glandular kallikrein-2 (hK2) levels predict the presence of prostate cancer among men prescreened by prostate-specific antigen (PSA).PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 324 men who had no history of prostate cancer and who were referred for prostate biopsy. PSA and hK2 levels were measured using specific nonisotopic immunometric techniques. Cases were patients who were diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the prostate from biopsy, and controls were patients who had no evidence of cancer from biopsy. The odds ratio for detection of prostate cancer was determined for hK2 measurements, controlling for age, total-PSA level, digital rectal examination, and symptoms of urinary obstruction.RESULTS: Of 324 men, 159 (49.1%) had cancer. Mean hK2 levels and hK2:free-PSA ratios were significantly higher in cases than in controls (1.18 v 0.53 ng/mL, respectively, for hK2, P = .0001; 1.17 v 0.62 for hK2:free-PSA ratio, P = .0001). The crude odds ratio for prostate cancer detection for patients in the highest quartile of hK2 level was 5.83 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.8 to 12.1; P = .0001) compared with patients in the lowest quartile. The adjusted odds ratio was 6.72 (95% CI, 2.9 to 15.6; P = .0001). Similarly, the crude and adjusted odds ratios for prostate cancer detection using the hK2:free-PSA ratio were 7.36 (95% CI, 3.6 to 15.1; P = .0001) and 8.06 (95% CI, 3.7 to 17.4; P = .0001), respectively. These odds ratios were higher than that observed for prostate cancer detection by total-PSA level (2.73; P = .03).CONCLUSION: Among men prescreened with PSA for prostate cancer, patients with high hK2 measurements have a five- to eight-fold increase in risk for prostate cancer, adjusting for PSA level and other established risk factors. hK2 measurements may be a useful adjunct to PSA in improving patient selection for prostate biopsy.
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Younis, Farah Qahtan, Ali Hussein Alwan, and Neihaya Heikmat Zaki. "Using of TLR2 and TLR4 as Biomarker of Sepsis Severity Detection." Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science 29, no. 2 (2018): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v29i2.370.
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Our study has been aimed to find the relation between the expression of toll-like receptors 2, 4, level of TNF-α, IL-10 and soluble HLA-DR with the severity bacterial septic syndrome in Iraqi patients. The quantitative real-time PCR technique has been used for measure TLR2 and TLR4 gene expression in whole blood, and ELISA technique has been used for detection of cytokines TNF-α, IL-10 and soluble HLA-DR from 75 septic syndrome cases (nineteen of patients showed symptoms of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS); twenty-eight patients have sepsis, seventeen patients suffered from severe sepsis and eleven patients have septic shock) and 55 healthy controls (HC). TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA expression were higher significantly in the all patients (P< 0.05), TNF-α, IL-10 and sHLA-DR serum levels were significantly elevated in the serum of patients with septic syndrome compared with controls (P
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Kacira, Tibet, Rahsan Kemerdere, Pinar Atukeren, et al. "DETECTION OF CASPASE-3, NEURON SPECIFIC ENOLASE, AND HIGH-AENSITIVITY C-REACTIVE PROTEIN LEVELS IN BOTH CEREBROSPINAL FLUID AND SERUM OF PATIENTS AFTER ANEURYSMAL SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE." Neurosurgery 60, no. 4 (2007): 674–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000255394.77538.bb.
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Abstract OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to explore whether or not the levels of caspase-3 (Casp3), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were elevated in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum of patients after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). METHODS This prospective clinical study consisted of 20 patients who experienced recent aneurysmal SAH and 15 control patients who experienced hydrocephalus without any other central nervous system disease. CSF and serum samples obtained within the first 3 days, and on the fifth and seventh days of SAH were assayed for Casp3, NSE, and hsCRP by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Levels of Casp3, NSE, and hsCRP in the CSF (P = 0.00001, P = 0.00001, and P &lt;0.003, respectively) and in the serum (P = 0.00001, P &lt;0.01, and P = 0.00001, respectively) of SAH patients were found to be elevated when compared with controls with normal pressure hydrocephalus. CONCLUSION The authors have demonstrated the synchronized elevation of Casp3, NSE, and hsCRP in both CSF and serum of patients with aneurysmal SAH. Further studies with a large number of patients are recommended to more accurately determine the roles of these molecules in aneurysmal SAH.
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Polin, Richard S., Murad Bavbek, Mark E. Shaffrey, et al. "Detection of soluble E-selectin, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and L-selectin in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients after subarachnoid hemorrhage." Journal of Neurosurgery 89, no. 4 (1998): 559–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1998.89.4.0559.
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Object. The goal of this study was to explore whether the levels of soluble adhesion molecules were elevated in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). This association was suggested by the known inflammatory response in vasospasm and the role of vascular adhesion molecules in regulating leukocytic adhesion to, and migration across, vascular endothelium. Methods. A prospective analysis was performed on CSF samples obtained in 17 patients who had suffered a recent aneurysmal SAH and in 16 control patients by using quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule—1 (ICAM—1), vascular adhesion molecule—1 (VCAM-1), and L-selectin. Levels of soluble forms of E-selectin (p = 0.0013), ICAM-1 (p = 0.0001), and VCAM-1 (p = 0.048) were found to be elevated in the CSF of patients after SAH compared with levels in the CSF of normal controls, patients with unruptured aneurysms, and patients tested months after SAH occurred. In addition, individual patients tested at the time of their initial ictus demonstrated a fall in adhesion molecule levels over time. Levels of E-selectin (p = 0.044) were highest in patients who later developed moderate or severe vasospasm. Conclusions. Adhesion molecules are known to be involved in white cell adherence to the endothelium and subsequent diapedesis and migration in which a role in initiation of tissue damage is postulated. The authors have demonstrated the elevation of three adhesion molecules, with severely elevated levels of E-selectin seen in patients who later develop vasospasm. A correlation with a role of vascular adhesion molecules in the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm is suggested.
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Myer, Landon, Andrew D. Redd, Elton Mukonda, et al. "Antiretroviral Adherence, Elevated Viral Load, and Drug Resistance Mutations in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–infected Women Initiating Treatment in Pregnancy: A Nested Case-control Study." Clinical Infectious Diseases 70, no. 3 (2019): 501–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciz209.
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Abstract Background Elevated viral load (VL) early after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation appears frequently in pregnant and postpartum women living with human immunodeficiency virus; however the relative contributions of pre-ART drug resistance mutations (DRMs) vs nonadherence in the etiology of elevated VL are unknown. Methods Within a cohort of women initiating ART during pregnancy in Cape Town, South Africa, we compared women with elevated VL after initial suppression (cases, n = 80) incidence-density matched to women who maintained suppression over time (controls, n = 87). Groups were compared on pre-ART DRMs and detection of antiretrovirals in stored plasma. Results The prevalence of pre-ART DRMs was 10% in cases and 5% in controls (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.53 [95% confidence interval {CI}, .4–5.9]); all mutations were to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. At the time of elevated VL, 19% of cases had antiretrovirals detected in plasma, compared with 87% of controls who were suppressed at a matched time point (aOR, 131.43 [95% CI, 32.8–527.4]). Based on these findings, we estimate that &lt;10% of all elevated VL in the cohort may be attributable to pre-ART DRMs vs &gt;90% attributable to ART nonadherence. Conclusions DRMs account for a small proportion of all elevated VL among women occurring in the 12 months after ART initiation during pregnancy in this setting, with nonadherence appearing to drive most episodes of elevated VL. Alongside the drive for access to more robust antiretroviral agents in resource-limited settings, there is an ongoing need for effective strategies to support ART adherence in this patient population.
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Nikol’skii, Alexander. "Landscape as a factor of natural selection on reactivity for steppe marmot (Marmota bobak)." E3S Web of Conferences 265 (2021): 01005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126501005.
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Marmots use a sound signal to inform their neighbours about the danger. Vocalization is the response of marmots to the visual perception of a potentially dangerous stimulus. For the first time at the intraspecific level the relationship between the rhythmic structure of the signal and the habitat elevation of populations is shown using the example of the steppe marmot (Marmota bobak). An increase in elevation is accompanied by an increase in the relative excess of positive forms over the nearest negative forms of relief. The dismembered relief reduces the visual detection range of danger. With an increase in the habitat elevation of populations, the repetition periods of sounds in the signal decrease. In the range of habitat elevations of the steppe marmot from 120 to 730 m, the median of the repetition periods decreases from 5.35 to 2.17 s. The increased rhythm is a consequence of the increased reactivity of marmots. It has been suggested that a complex of reactions to visual detection of danger controls the amygdale. The alarm call of marmots was recorded in the field.
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Lu, Miao-Jen, Jose S. Pulido, Colin A. McCannel, et al. "Detection of Elevated Signaling Amino Acids in Human Diabetic Vitreous by Rapid Capillary Electrophoresis." Experimental Diabetes Research 2007 (2007): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/39765.
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Elevated glutamate is implicated in the pathology of PDR. The ability to rapidly assess the glutamate and amino acid content of vitreous provides a more complete picture of the chemical changes occurring at the diabetic retina and may lead to a better understanding of the pathology of PDR. Vitreous humor was collected following vitrectomies of patients with PDR and control conditions of macular hole or epiretinal membrane. A capillary electrophoresis method was developed to quantify glutamate and arginine. The analysis is relatively fast (<6 minutes) and utilizes a poly(ethylene)oxide and sodium dodecylsulfate run buffer. Both amino acid levels show significant increases in PDR patients versus controls and are comparable to other reports. The levels of vitreal glutamate vary inversely with the degree of observed hemorrhage. The results demonstrate a rapid method for assessment of a number of amino acids to characterize the chemical changes at the diabetic retina to better understand tissue changes and potentially identify new treatments.
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Gotthardt, U., U. Schweiger, J. Fahrenberg, C. J. Lauer, F. Holsboer, and I. Heuser. "Cortisol, ACTH, and cardiovascular response to a cognitive challenge paradigm in aging and depression." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 268, no. 4 (1995): R865—R873. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1995.268.4.r865.
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Aging and hypercortisolism may be associated with alterations of stress-induced hormone release. We therefore studied 20 normal controls of two different age groups (< 30 and > 60 yr of age) and 20 age-matched patients with major depression; baseline ACTH and cortisol secretion (between 1400 and 1700) as well as blood pressure and heart rate and their responses to a 45-min lasting signal detection task (1705-1750) were determined. No difference in basal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) system activity between young and older healthy controls was noted. The cognitive challenge resulted in an increase in stress-induced hormonal secretion that was greater in the older controls than in their young counterparts. Basal hypercortisolemia and, at baseline, heart rates were higher in depressed patients, regardless of age. Blood pressure was elevated in older healthy controls as well as depressed patients. With the exception of the young depressed patients, all groups responded with an increase of the cardiovascular parameters during stress.
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Souccar, Nada M., Marita Chakhtoura, Joseph G. Ghafari, and Alexander Michael Abdelnoor. "Porphyromonas gingivalis in dental plaque and serum C-reactive protein levels in pregnancy." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 4, no. 06 (2010): 362–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.1031.
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Background: The periodontopathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) has been reported as a risk factor for preterm labour. Its pathogenesis and role in pregnancy have not been investigated in Lebanon. Elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in pregnant women with periodontitis also appear to mediate preterm labour. Methodology: The study included 20 pregnant women with periodontitis and 20 with normal periodontium. PCR was done for Pg detection in oral plaque and vaginal samples. Serum CRP levels were determined by ELISA. Results: Pg was detected in the oral plaque of 13 of 20 pregnant subjects with clinical periodontitis (patients) and 2 of 20 controls with a healthy periodontium. Vaginal swabs were all Pg-negative, ruling out systemic infection. Serum CRP levels were elevated in 12 of 20 patients and 8 of 20 controls. None of the participants experienced preterm labour. Conclusions: This is the first report that implicates Pg in Lebanese periodontitis patients. Preliminary results do not indicate a relationship among Pg, periodontitis, CRP levels and preterm labour.
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Yang, Shi-Han, Can-Tong Liu, Chao-Qun Hong, et al. "Autoantibodies against p53, MMP-7, and Hsp70 as Potential Biomarkers for Detection of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers." Disease Markers 2021 (July 10, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5592693.
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Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are two predominant histological types of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), lacking effective early diagnostic markers. In this study, we assessed the diagnostic value of autoantibodies against p53, MMP-7, and Hsp70 in skin SCC and BCC. ELISA was performed to detect levels of autoantibodies in sera from 101 NMSC patients and 102 normal controls, who were recruited from the Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College. A receiver operator characteristic curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic value. The serum levels of autoantibodies against p53, MMP-7, and Hsp70 were higher in NMSCs than those in the normal controls (all P < 0.01 ). The AUC of the three-autoantibody panel was 0.841 (95% CI: 0.788-0.894) with the sensitivity and specificity of 60.40% and 91.20% when differentiating NMSCs from normal controls. Furthermore, measurement of this panel could differentiate early-stage skin cancer patients from normal controls (AUC: 0.851; 95% CI: 0.793-0.908). Data from Oncomine showed that the level of p53 mRNA was elevated in BCC ( P < 0.05 ), and the Hsp70 mRNA was upregulated in SCC ( P < 0.001 ). This serum three-autoantibody panel might function in assisting the early diagnosis of NMSC.
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Hansen, Amanda Georgia, Tanner Freeman, Mary Kay Washington, et al. "Correlation of elevated ALCAM shedding with patient outcome in colorectal cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 30_suppl (2012): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.30_suppl.46.
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46 Background: ALCAM (Activated Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule) is a cell-cell adhesion protein that has been highlighted as a putative biomarker for the progression of many cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Current prognosis for CRC patients predominantly rely on pathologic staging classification. Although TNM staging successfully stratifies high-risk patients, there is significant variability in the rate of disease progression within each stage. Previous studies evaluating ALCAM as a biomarker for predicting colorectal cancer patient survival have published conflicting and inconclusive results. The aim of this present study was to investigate the prognostic value of ALCAM shedding, quantified using a dual stain that detects both the extracellular and the intracellular domains in formalin-fixed tissue, in colorectal patients. Methods: A novel dual-immunohistological detection of ALCAM shedding was performed on tissue microarrays constructed from 75 colorectal primary tumors and 9 healthy control specimens. Tissue was assessed by CellProfiler image analysis to obtain quantitative estimates of ALCAM shedding, defined as the detection of the intracellular domain the absence of the extracellular domain of ALCAM. Two tailed p values ≤ 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. Results: ALCAM shedding was elevated in 33/79 (41.8%) of tissue from CRC patients compared to healthy controls (p=0.0239). Univariate analysis of CRC patients, stages I-IV, revealed a statistical significance correlating high ALCAM shedding with worse overall survival (p=0.0401). Moreover, ALCAM shedding is a predictor of overall survival (p=0.432) and more notably, disease-specific survival in stage II patients (p=0.0098). Conclusions: Detection of ALCAM shedding allows for stratification of patients according to their risk for poor long-term outcome. Considering that ALCAM is altered in a number of malignancies, the clinical correlation of ALCAM shedding to patient outcome is likely to extend beyond CRC to other cancers.
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Lorez, M. "Neural control of hindleg steering in flight in the locust." Journal of Experimental Biology 198, no. 4 (1995): 869–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.198.4.869.
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Corrective flight steering with the hindlegs was investigated in intact tethered flying locusts inside a wind tunnel as well as in animals dissected for intracellular recording and showing fictive flight activity. In intact tethered flying animals, activity in the second coxal abductor muscle (M126) was highly correlated with hindleg steering and was coupled to the elevator phase of the flight cycle. Fictive flight and steering could also be elicited in animals dissected for intracellular recording of motoneurones innervating M126. During fictive flight activity, motoneurones 126 were rhythmically excited in the elevator phase, presumably from central elements of the neuronal oscillator generating the flight motor pattern, as is the case for motoneurones innervating wing muscles. During fictive straight flight, this input was subthreshold, and it could be demonstrated that simulated deviation from the flight course resulted in recruitment of motoneurones 126. Statistical analysis of the latencies of fast muscle spikes in M126 and in one wing elevator muscle showed that both received common input during flight steering. One source of this common input was identified as the sensory information from the lateral ocelli, which play an important role in the detection of course deviation. The experiments demonstrated that processing in the sensory-motor system for hindleg steering is probably organized in a very similar way to that responsible for steering with the wings.
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Camilleri, Michael, Paula Carlson, Andres Acosta, and Irene Busciglio. "Colonic mucosal gene expression and genotype in irritable bowel syndrome patients with normal or elevated fecal bile acid excretion." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 309, no. 1 (2015): G10—G20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00080.2015.
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The mucosal gene expression in rectosigmoid mucosa (RSM) in irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D) is unknown. Our objectives were, first, to study mRNA expression [by RT2 PCR of 19 genes pertaining to tight junctions, immune activation, intestinal ion transport and bile acid (BA) homeostasis] in RSM in IBS-D patients ( n = 47) and healthy controls ( n = 17) and study expression of a selected protein (PDZD3) in 10 IBS-D patients and 4 healthy controls; second, to assess RSM mRNA expression according to genotype and fecal BA excretion (high ≥2,337 μmol/48 h); and third, to determine whether genotype or mucosal mRNA expression is associated with colonic transit or BA parameters. Fold changes were corrected for false detection rate for 19 genes studied ( P < 0.00263). In RSM in IBS-D patients compared with controls, mRNA expression of GUC2AB, PDZD3, and PR2Y4 was increased, whereas CLDN1 and FN1 were decreased. One immune-related gene was upregulated (C4BP4) and one downregulated (CCL20). There was increased expression of a selected ion transport protein (PDZD3) on immunohistochemistry and Western blot in IBS-D compared with controls ( P = 0.02). There were no significant differences in mucosal mRNA in 20 IBS-D patients with high compared with 27 IBS-D patients with normal BA excretion. GPBAR1 ( P < 0.05) was associated with colonic transit. We concluded that mucosal ion transport mRNA (for several genes and PDZD3 protein) is upregulated and barrier protein mRNA downregulated in IBS-D compared with healthy controls, independent of genotype. There are no differences in gene expression in IBS-D with high compared with normal fecal BA excretion.
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Modlin, Irvin M., Harry Aslanian, Lisa Bodei, Ignat Drozdov, and Mark Kidd. "A PCR blood test outperforms chromogranin A in carcinoid detection and is unaffected by proton pump inhibitors." Endocrine Connections 3, no. 4 (2014): 215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/ec-14-0100.
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A critical requirement in neuroendocrine tumor (NET) management is a blood biomarker test that is sensitive, specific and reproducible. We evaluated a PCR-based 51-transcript signature to detect tumors, compared it with chromogranin A (CgA) and examined the confounding effect of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), which cause falsely elevated CgA levels. The multigene signature was evaluated in two groups. Group 1: 125 prospectively collected NETs: gastroenteropancreatic NETs (n=91, including 42 pancreatic and 40 small intestinal), carcinoids of unknown primary (n=18) and other sites (n=16). Group 2: prospectively collected non-NET patients receiving PPIs (>1 month; dyspepsia, n=19; GERD, n=6; and pancreatitis, n=4) and 50 controls. All samples were analyzed by PCR (marker genes) and ELISA (DAKO–CgA). Sensitivity comparisons included χ2, non-parametric measurements, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Group 1: 123 NETs were PCR-positive (98.4%) compared with 50 (40%) CgA-positive (χ2=97.3, P<10−26). Significant differences (P<0.001) were noted between pancreas: PCR 95% vs CgA 29.2% (P<10−9) and small intestine: 100 vs 58% (P<10−4). The multigene test was elevated in all grades (G1–G3), in both local and disseminated disease, and was not normalized by somatostatin analog therapy. It was also elevated in 97% of CgA normal NETs. Group 2: PPI administration increased CgA in 83% and CgA was elevated in 26% of controls. PCR values were not elevated in either group. PCR performance metrics were as follows: sensitivity 98.4%, specificity 100%, positive predictive value 100%, negative predictive value 97.8%, and the ROC-derived area under the curve (AUC) was 0.997. These were significantly better than CgA (all metrics <60%; AUC, 0.54; Z-statistic, 10.44, P<0.0001). A 51-panel multigene blood transcript analysis is significantly more sensitive than plasma CgA for NET detection and is unaffected by acid suppression therapy.
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Fraser, W. D., F. C. Logue, K. MacRitchie, et al. "Intact parathyroid hormone concentration and cyclic AMP metabolism in thyroid disease." Acta Endocrinologica 124, no. 6 (1991): 652–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1240652.
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Abstract. In 35 thyrotoxic patients and 35 patients receiving thyroxine replacement therapy mean serum intact parathyroid hormone concentrations were lower than in euthyroid normal volunteer controls. In 20 hypothyroid patients intact PTH was increased relative to euthyroid controls. Mean serum adjusted calcium was increased in thyrotoxic patients relative to euthyroid controls and in 8 toxic patients with elevated serum adjusted calcium (>2.60 mmol/l) intact PTH was below the assay detection limit (<0.5 pmol/l). Indices of PTH activity were consistent with intact PTH measurements in thyrotoxic patients with nephrogenous cyclic adenosine monophosphate lower, tubular maximum reabsorption of phosphate higher, and urinary calcium creatinine ratio higher than controls. In hypothyroid patients these indices of PTH activity suggest relative end organ resistance to PTH with nephrogenous cyclic adenosine monophosphate similar, tubular maximum reabsorption of phosphate similar, and calcium creatinine ratio lower than in controls. In treated hypothyroid patients nephrogenous cyclic adenosine monophosphate was higher, tubular maximum reabsorption of phosphate similar, and calcium creatinine ratio higher than in controls. These results are compatible with the hypothesis that thyroid status modifies the renal responses to PTH (1-84).
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Xie, Jiajun, Xuhua Jian, Qiyang Lu, et al. "T1 Mapping for Noninvasively Detecting Diffuse Fibrosis in Severe Aortic Stenosis." Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics 10, no. 7 (2020): 1534–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jmihi.2020.3076.
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Purpose: To evaluate myocardial diffuse fibrosis in severe aortic stenosis (SAS) with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T1 mapping technique. Methods: Twenty-seven SAS patients and 15 controls were enrolled and performed cardiac MRI. Left ventricular (LV) structure, function and T1-derived parameters were measured to compare between SAS group and the controls. Correlation between T1-derived parameters and the extent of histologic fibrosis was performed in 15 patients who underwent aortic valve replacement surgery and myocardial biopsy. Results: The SAS group had LV remodeling with ventricular dilatation, hypertrophy, and contractile dysfunction. The native T1 (1336.2±62.5 ms vs. 1277.6±40.7 ms, p = 0.002) and extracellular volume fraction (ECV%) (26.7±2.2% vs. 24.9±2.2%, p = 0.018) were elevated in the SAS in comparison to the controls. Only ECV and λ correlated with the extent of fibrosis as measured by histology. Conclusion: Cardiac MRI with T1 mapping provides a noninvasive approach to evaluate LV myocardial diffuse fibrosis in SAS.
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R., Hareesh, Harish K. V., and Akshatha Savith. "Association of serum amylase and lipase levels in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus." International Journal of Advances in Medicine 8, no. 2 (2021): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20210101.
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Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder due to insulin resistance caused by destruction of beta cells of pancreas. Insulin resistance in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients leads to hyperglycemia. Serum amylase and lipase levels is an exocrine enzyme produced by acinar cells of pancreas. Altered levels of serum amylase and lipase leads to endocrine disorders, metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus.Methods: This is a case-control study conducted in Akash Institute of Medical Sciences, A total 100 subjects (50 cases and 50 controls). All the subjects included after informed consent, blood samples are collected from the all the subjects. The serum amylase and was estimated by using enzymatic commercial available kits and fasting blood sugar (FBS), post-parandial blood sugar (PPBS), renal function test (RFT) and liver function test (LFT) was also estimated by laboratory standard methods.Results: This study evaluated the FBS, PPBS, RFT, LFT, Amylase and Lipase levels in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and compare them with healthy controls. The serum amylase and lipase levels more significantly elevated in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and compared with the healthy controls. The study also found that significantly elevated levels of FBS, PPBS, RFT and LFT in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and compared with the healthy controls, The statistically significant levels of serum amylase and lipase levels in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus when compared with the controls (p=0.0001).Conclusions: The study suggesting that to estimation of serum amylase and lipase levels in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients useful for early detection of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Because elevated levels of serum amylase and lipase in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus, these levels are positively correlated with the FBS and PPBS.
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Schmidt, David E., Margareta Holmström, Ammar Majeed, Doris Näslin, Håkan Wallén, and Anna Ågren. "Detection of elevated INR by thromboelastometry and thromboelastography in warfarin treated patients and healthy controls." Thrombosis Research 135, no. 5 (2015): 1007–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.thromres.2015.02.022.
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Go, Yeong-Ju, and Jong-Soo Choi. "An Acoustic Source Localization Method Using a Drone-Mounted Phased Microphone Array." Drones 5, no. 3 (2021): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones5030075.
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Currently, the detection of targets using drone-mounted imaging equipment is a very useful technique and is being utilized in many areas. In this study, we focus on acoustic signal detection with a drone detecting targets where sounds occur, unlike image-based detection. We implement a system in which a drone detects acoustic sources above the ground by applying a phase difference microphone array technique. Localization methods of acoustic sources are based on beamforming methods. The background and self-induced noise that is generated when a drone flies reduces the signal-to-noise ratio for detecting acoustic signals of interest, making it difficult to analyze signal characteristics. Furthermore, the strongly correlated noise, generated when a propeller rotates, acts as a factor that degrades the noise source direction of arrival estimation performance of the beamforming method. Spectral reduction methods have been effective in reducing noise by adjusting to specific frequencies in acoustically very harsh situations where drones are always exposed to their own noise. Since the direction of arrival of acoustic sources estimated from the beamforming method is based on the drone’s body frame coordinate system, we implement a method to estimate acoustic sources above the ground by fusing flight information output from the drone’s flight navigation system. The proposed method for estimating acoustic sources above the ground is experimentally validated by a drone equipped with a 32-channel time-synchronized MEMS microphone array. Additionally, the verification of the sound source location detection method was limited to the explosion sound generated from the fireworks. We confirm that the acoustic source location can be detected with an error performance of approximately 10 degrees of azimuth and elevation at the ground distance of about 150 m between the drone and the explosion location.
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Carr, Anitra C., Emma Spencer, Liane Dixon, and Stephen T. Chambers. "Patients with Community Acquired Pneumonia Exhibit Depleted Vitamin C Status and Elevated Oxidative Stress." Nutrients 12, no. 5 (2020): 1318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12051318.
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Pneumonia is a severe lower respiratory tract infection that is a common complication and a major cause of mortality of the vitamin C-deficiency disease scurvy. This suggests an important link between vitamin C status and lower respiratory tract infections. Due to the paucity of information on the vitamin C status of patients with pneumonia, we assessed the vitamin C status of 50 patients with community-acquired pneumonia and compared these with 50 healthy community controls. The pneumonia cohort comprised 44 patients recruited through the Acute Medical Assessment Unit (AMAU) and 6 patients recruited through the Intensive Care Unit (ICU); mean age 68 ± 17 years, 54% male. Clinical, microbiological and hematological parameters were recorded. Blood samples were tested for vitamin C status using HPLC with electrochemical detection and protein carbonyl concentrations, an established marker of oxidative stress, using ELISA. Patients with pneumonia had depleted vitamin C status compared with healthy controls (23 ± 14 µmol/L vs. 56 ± 24 µmol/L, p < 0.001). The more severe patients in the ICU had significantly lower vitamin C status than those recruited through AMAU (11 ± 3 µmol/L vs. 24 ± 14 µmol/L, p = 0.02). The pneumonia cohort comprised 62% with hypovitaminosis C and 22% with deficiency, compared with only 8% hypovitaminosis C and no cases of deficiency in the healthy controls. The pneumonia cohort also exhibited significantly elevated protein carbonyl concentrations compared with the healthy controls (p < 0.001), indicating enhanced oxidative stress in the patients. We were able to collect subsequent samples from 28% of the cohort (mean 2.7 ± 1.7 days; range 1–7 days). These showed no significant differences in vitamin C status or protein carbonyl concentrations compared with baseline values (p = 0.6). Overall, the depleted vitamin C status and elevated oxidative stress observed in the patients with pneumonia indicates an enhanced requirement for the vitamin during their illness. Therefore, these patients would likely benefit from additional vitamin C supplementation to restore their blood and tissue levels to optimal. This may decrease excessive oxidative stress and aid in their recovery.
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Jamali, Raika, Mehdi Ebrahimi, Ali Faryabi, and Haleh Ashraf. "Which Metabolic Index is Appropriate for Predicting Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis?" Middle East Journal of Digestive Diseases 12, no. 2 (2020): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/mejdd.2020.168.
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BACKGROUND There are controversial ideas about the application of metabolic indices for the prediction of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In this study, we evaluated some novel metabolic indices for the screening of NASH. METHODS This prospective case-control study was performed in a gastroenterology outpatient clinic. Consecutively selected patients with persistently elevated aminotransferase levels and evidence of fatty liver in ultrasonography were enrolled. Those with other etiologies of aminotransferase elevation were excluded. The remaining was presumed to have NASH. The control group consisted of age and sex-matched subjects with normal liver function tests and liver ultrasound examinations. RESULTS Finally, 94 patients with steatohepatitis and 106 controls were included in the project. The mean liver fat content (LFC), aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase levels were significantly lower in the control group than in the NASH group. LFC was independently associated with the presence of NASH in logistic regression analysis. LFC had a good area under the curve for the prediction of NASH in ROC (receiver operating characteristic curve) analysis. CONCLUSION LFC seems to be a reliable metabolic index for the detection of patients with NASH.
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Baer, Stephanie L., Rhonda E. Colombo, Maribeth H. Johnson, et al. "Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase, age, and immune activation in people living with HIV." Journal of Investigative Medicine 69, no. 6 (2021): 1238–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jim-2021-001794.
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Immune activation complicates HIV despite antiretroviral therapy (ART). Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO) catabolizes tryptophan (T) to kynurenine (K), regulating immune activity, and IDO activity increases with age. This study examines the relationship of IDO activity, bacterial translocation, and aging in people living with HIV (PLWH) on ART. Samples and data from PLWH on ART from the Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems and from matched HIV-uninfected patients (controls) from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study and the Women’s Interagency HIV Study were analyzed. The ratio of K to T (K:T) and neopterin were indicators of inflammation; 16S ribosomal DNA (16S rDNA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were markers of bacterial translocation. Samples and data from 205 PLWH and 99 controls were analyzed. PLWH had higher K:T values across all ages, with a significant relationship between age and K:T for both groups. CD4 count or CD4 nadir had no association with K:T. There was no positive association between level of 16S rDNA or LPS detection and K:T. K:T and neopterin were associated. PLWH had elevated IDO activity, at younger ages, despite ART. This study suggests K:T ratio increases with age in both groups and is elevated in PLWH at all ages compared with age-matched controls.
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Kamm, Katharina, Andreas Straube, and Ruth Ruscheweyh. "Calcitonin gene-related peptide levels in tear fluid are elevated in migraine patients compared to healthy controls." Cephalalgia 39, no. 12 (2019): 1535–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102419856640.
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Background Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) released from trigeminal nerve fibres indicates trigeminal activation and has a key role in migraine pathophysiology. The trigeminal nerve directly innervates the eye. Therefore, in this study, we compared Calcitonin gene-related peptide in tear fluid of migraine patients and healthy controls. Methods Calcitonin gene-related peptide concentrations in tear fluid and plasma of 48 episodic and 45 chronic migraine patients and 48 controls were assessed using ELISA. Results Calcitonin gene-related peptide levels in tear fluid (0.94 ± 1.11 ng/ml) were ∼140 times higher than plasma concentrations (6.81 ± 4.12 pg/ml). Tear fluid CGRP concentrations were elevated in interictal migraine patients (1.10 ± 1.27 ng/ml, n = 49) compared to controls (0.75 ± 0.80 ng/ml, p = 0.022). There was no difference in tear fluid CGRP levels between interictal episodic and chronic migraine patients (episodic: 1.09 ± 1.47 ng/ml, n = 30 and chronic: 1.10 ± 0.89 ng/ml, n = 19) and no correlation of tear fluid CGRP levels with headache frequency in interictal patients (rho = 0.062, p = 0.674). Unmedicated ictal migraine patients had even more elevated tear fluid CGRP levels than interictal migraine patients (1.92 ± 1.84 ng/ml, n = 13, p = 0.102), while medicated ictal migraine patients had lower levels (0.56 ± 0.47 ng/ml, n = 25, p = 0.011 compared to interictal patients), which were undistinguishable from controls ( p = 0.609). In contrast to tear fluid, no significant group differences were found in plasma CGRP levels. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this study shows, for the first time, increased CGRP tear fluid levels in migraine patients compared to healthy subjects. Detection of calcitonin gene-related peptide in tear fluid is non-invasive, and likely allows a more direct access to CGRP released from the trigeminal nerve than plasma sampling.
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Cassinat, Bruno, Philippe Guardiola, Sylvie Chevret, et al. "Constitutive elevation of serum alpha-fetoprotein in Fanconi anemia." Blood 96, no. 3 (2000): 859–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v96.3.859.
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Abstract The diagnosis of Fanconi anemia (FA) is based on the association of congenital malformations, bone marrow failure syndrome, and hypersensitivity to chromosomal breaks induced by cross-linking agents. In the absence of typical features, the diagnosis is not easy to establish because there is no simple and cost-effective test; thus, investigators must rely on specialized analyses of chromosomal breaks. Because we observed elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein (sAFP) levels in FA patients, we investigated this parameter as a possible diagnostic tool. Serum AFP levels from 61 FA patients and 27 controls with acquired aplastic anemia or other inherited bone marrow failure syndromes were analyzed using a fluoroimmunoassay based on the TRACE technology. Serum AFP levels were significantly more elevated (P &lt; .0001) in FA than in non-FA aplastic patients. In the detection of FA patients among patients with bone marrow failure syndromes, this assay had a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 100%. This elevation was not explained by liver abnormalities. Levels of sAFP were unchanged during at least 4 years of follow-up, and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation did not modify sAFP levels. Three of 4 FA patients with mosaicism as well as 5 of 6 FA patients with myelodysplastic syndrome were detected by this test. Heterozygous parents of FA patients had normal sAFP levels. Measurement of sAFP levels with this automated, cost-effective, and reproducible fluoroimmunoassay could be proposed for the preliminary diagnosis of FA whenever this disorder is suspected.
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Cassinat, Bruno, Philippe Guardiola, Sylvie Chevret, et al. "Constitutive elevation of serum alpha-fetoprotein in Fanconi anemia." Blood 96, no. 3 (2000): 859–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v96.3.859.015k08a_859_863.
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The diagnosis of Fanconi anemia (FA) is based on the association of congenital malformations, bone marrow failure syndrome, and hypersensitivity to chromosomal breaks induced by cross-linking agents. In the absence of typical features, the diagnosis is not easy to establish because there is no simple and cost-effective test; thus, investigators must rely on specialized analyses of chromosomal breaks. Because we observed elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein (sAFP) levels in FA patients, we investigated this parameter as a possible diagnostic tool. Serum AFP levels from 61 FA patients and 27 controls with acquired aplastic anemia or other inherited bone marrow failure syndromes were analyzed using a fluoroimmunoassay based on the TRACE technology. Serum AFP levels were significantly more elevated (P < .0001) in FA than in non-FA aplastic patients. In the detection of FA patients among patients with bone marrow failure syndromes, this assay had a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 100%. This elevation was not explained by liver abnormalities. Levels of sAFP were unchanged during at least 4 years of follow-up, and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation did not modify sAFP levels. Three of 4 FA patients with mosaicism as well as 5 of 6 FA patients with myelodysplastic syndrome were detected by this test. Heterozygous parents of FA patients had normal sAFP levels. Measurement of sAFP levels with this automated, cost-effective, and reproducible fluoroimmunoassay could be proposed for the preliminary diagnosis of FA whenever this disorder is suspected.
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Murata, Takeshi, Takako Yanagisawa, Toshiaki Kurihara, et al. "Machine learning methods with salivary metabolomics for breast cancer detection." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (2019): 3135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.3135.
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3135 Background: Saliva is non-invasively accessible and informative biological fluid which has high potential for the early diagnosis of various diseases. The aim of this study is to develop machine learning methods and to explore new salivary biomarkers to discriminate breast cancer patients from healthy controls. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive metabolite analysis of saliva samples obtained from 101 patients with invasive carcinoma (IC), 23 patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and 42 healthy controls, using capillary electrophoresis and liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry to quantify hundreds of hydrophilic metabolites. Saliva samples were collected under 9h fasting and were split into training and validation data. Conventional statistical analyses and artificial intelligence-based methods were used to access the discrimination abilities of the quantified metabolite. Multiple logistic regression (MLR) model and an alternative decision tree (ADTree)-based machine learning methods were used. The generalization abilities of these mathematical models were validated in various computational tests, such as cross-validation and resampling methods. Results: Among quantified 260 metabolites, amino acids and polyamines showed significantly elevated in saliva from breast cancer patients, e.g. spermine showed the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) to discriminate IC from C; 0.766 (95% confidence interval [CI]; 0.671 – 0.840, P < 0.0001). These metabolites showed no significant difference between C and DICS, i.e., these metabolites were elevated only in the samples of IC. The MLR yielded higher AUC to discriminate IC from C; 0.790 (95% CI; 0.699 – 0.859, P < 0.0001). The ADTree with ensemble approach showed the best AUC; 0.912 (95% CI; 0.838 – 0.961, P < 0.0001). In the comparison of these metabolites in the analysis of each subtype, seven metabolites were significantly different between Luminal A-like and Luminal B-like while, but few metabolites were significantly different among the other subtypes. Conclusions: These data indicated the combination of salivary metabolomic profiles including polyamines showed potential ability to screening breast cancer in a non-invasive way.
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Mi, Dong, and Yuexiang Zhang. "Diagnostic and prognostic value of HE4 in female patients with primary peritoneal carcinoma." International Journal of Biological Markers 33, no. 4 (2018): 395–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1724600818796595.
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Background: HE4 is a useful tumor marker for the diagnosis of ovarian, endometrial, and fallopian tube carcinoma. Aim: The aim of our study was to investigate the value of serum HE4 compared with CA125 in the diagnosis of primary peritoneal carcinoma and the estimation of treatment response and recurrence. Methods: Serum HE4 and CA125 concentrations were measured in both primary peritoneal carcinoma patients and benign gynecological disease controls. The treatment response and recurrence were assessed by serum HE4 and CA125 levels in primary peritoneal carcinoma patients. Results: Serum HE4 and CA125 levels were significantly increased in primary peritoneal carcinoma patients compared with benign disease controls ( P<0.001). Compared with CA125, HE4 had lower sensitivity (84.2% vs. 94.7%), but higher specificity (99.2% vs. 85.3%); the combination of HE4 and CA125 led to higher sensitivity and specificity. In the receiver operating characteristic analysis, the area under the curve was 0.956 for HE4, for CA125 was 0.953, for HE4+CA125 was 0.979. Furthermore, HE4 and CA125 were closely associated with treatment response, and our results indicated that primary peritoneal carcinoma patients displayed a larger drop of HE4 compared with CA125 (75.8% vs. 61.5%). Combined with CA125, HE4 elevation better predicted recurrence in primary peritoneal carcinoma patients during the remission period after treatment. Conclusions: This study indicated that the detection of serum HE4 changes may enhance the effectiveness for detecting primary peritoneal carcinoma and estimating the outcome of treatment and recurrence in female primary peritoneal carcinoma patients.
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Pick, Susannah, Morgan Butler, Maya Rojas-Aguiluz, Timothy Nicholson, and H. Laura. "10 State dissociation and interoception in functional neurological disorder." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 91, no. 8 (2020): e4.2-e5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2020-bnpa.10.
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Objective/aimsInteroceptive differences have been proposed as an aetiological factor in functional neurological disorder (FND) but there is limited supportive evidence. Previous studies are few, have mixed findings and assessed only (objective) interoceptive accuracy, but not (metacognitive) interoceptive awareness. The aim of this study was to explore interoception in FND in greater detail, by assessing interoceptive accuracy and awareness in individuals with a range of FND presentations. As dissociative symptoms (e.g., depersonalisation, derealisation) are common in FND and could influence interoception, we sought to examine the effects of induced acute dissociation on interoception. We hypothesised that interoceptive accuracy/awareness would be impaired at baseline in FND relative to healthy controls, but that the differences would be exacerbated following dissociation induction.MethodsTwenty adults with FND were recruited from online FND support groups. Diagnosis was confirmed by medical documentation from a relevant healthcare professional. The FND group was compared to a group of 20 healthy controls recruited from online community groups. A modified heart-beat tracking task measured interoceptive accuracy (correct detection of heart beats) and awareness (confidence judgements). A control task involved counting visually presented geometric shapes. Both tasks were completed before and after a validated dissociation induction procedure (mirror-gazing).ResultsThe FND group reported elevated dissociation at baseline relative to controls (p<0.01) but this difference was larger following mirror-gazing (p<0.001). Interoceptive accuracy did not differ significantly between groups at baseline; however, the FND group had significantly lower accuracy scores following mirror-gazing (p<0.05). There was no effect of group on shape counting accuracy at either timepoint. Confidence ratings on the interoception and shape counting tasks were significantly lower at both timepoints in the FND group relative to controls (all p-values <0.05 or <0.01).ConclusionsIndividuals with FND reported elevated dissociation both before and after a dissociation induction procedure, although this was exacerbated post-dissociation induction. In contrast, interoceptive accuracy was unimpaired at baseline, but impaired following dissociation induction, relative to controls. The FND group showed reduced metacognitive awareness for detection of bodily states and external (visual) stimuli. Future research should better determine the nature of interoceptive deficits in FND and assess the impact of dissociation on a range of cognitive and affective processes relevant to the disorder.
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Janeczek, Kamil, Małgorzata Jakubowska, Grażyna Kozioł, and Piotr Jankowski-Mihułowicz. "Passive UHF RFID-Enabled Sensor System For Detection Of Product’S Exposure To Elevated Temperature." Metrology and Measurement Systems 20, no. 4 (2013): 591–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mms-2013-0050.
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Abstract Temperature change is one of key factors which should be taken into account in logistics during transportation or storage of many types of goods. In this study, a passive UHF RFID-enabled sensor system for elevated temperature (above 58°C) detection has been demonstrated. This system consists of an RFID reader and disposable temperature sensor comprising an UHF antenna, chip and temperature sensitive unit. The UHF antenna was designed and simulated in an IE3D software. The properties of the system were examined depending on the temperature level, type of package which contains the studied objects and the type of antenna substrate.