Journal articles: 'Elevator'

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Patil, Vishakha. "Review on Automated Elevator-an Attentive Elevator to Elevate using Speech Recognition." Journal of Advanced Research in Power Electronics and Power Systems 08, no. 1&2 (August 6, 2021): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2456.1401.202102.

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Elevator has over time become an important part of our day-to-day life. It is used as an everyday transport device useful to move goods as well as persons. In the modern world, the city and crowded areas require multiform buildings. According to wheelchair access laws, elevators/lifts are a must requirement in new multi-stored buildings. The main purpose of this project is to operate the elevator by voice command. The project is operating based on voice, which could help handicap people or dwarf people to travel from one place to another without the help of any other person. The use of a microcontroller is to control different devices and integrate each module, namely- voice module, motor module, and LCD. LCD is used to display the present status of the lift. The reading edge of our project is the “voice recognition system” which genet’s exceptional result while recognizing speech.

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Pylypenko, Ihor, and Evhen Kaylyk. "Quality evaluation criteria for services supplied by elevator companies to residents of residential buildings." Economic discourse, no. 2 (June 2019): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.36742/2410-0919-2019-2-11.

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Introduction The sector of elevator services is in crisis conditions in Ukraine. The number of elevators which are out of safe period of work is increasing with every year. There are numerous reasons for this situation: lack of financing of elevation services sector, low quality of maintenance,ignoring the rules for using elevators by some residents, vandalism, the absence of state and municipal (in the majority of cities) policies of elevator’s reconstruction. The next important factors is the absence of monitoring of quality of services supplied by elevator companies to residents of residential buildings what is the determinant of safe elevators usage. Methods. Standard methods of statistical analysis, questionnaire have been applied for this research. Results. The sample is elevators in Kharkiv, Poltava and Chernigiv which were installed over 30-40 years ago. The experts are residents of residential buildings who use elevators and representatives of elevator companies. The quality criteria for services supplied by elevator companies to residents of residential buildings have been substantiated for this research. The quality of elevator companies services has been evaluated from the position of representatives of elevator companies as well as point of view of residents of residential buildings with six and seven quality criteria respectively. Discussion. The research has revealed that it is important to continue improvement of methodology of quality evaluation for services supplied by elevator companies to residents of residential buildings as well as the list of corresponding criteria. And this work should be a permanent process. Besides, the methodology of assessment of all the parameters of elevator’s functioning with special devices must be developed. Keywords: elevators, quality, service, criteria, questionnaire, experts, result processing.

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Li, Yanfeng, Fuli Wang, Pin Hu, Jiadong Fan, Yishi Han, Bin Liu, Tao Liu, Chunhao Yang, and Xiangmin Gu. "Feasibility of Shape-Memory Ni/Ti Alloy Wire Containing Tube Elevators for Transcrestal Detaching Maxillary Sinus Mucosa: Ex Vivo Study." Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry 40, no. 5 (2016): 944–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000453152.

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Background: Osteotome sinus floor elevation is a less invasive approach to augment an insufficient alveolar bone at the posterior maxilla for dental implantation. However, this approach has some limitations due to the lack of sinus lift tools available for clinical use and the small transcrestal access to the maxillary sinus floor. We recently invented shape-memory Ni/Ti alloy wire containing tube elevators for transcrestal detaching maxillary sinus mucosa, and developed goat ex vivo models for direct visualizing the effectiveness of detaching sinus mucosa in real time during transcrestal maxillary sinus floor elevation. Methods: We evaluated our invented elevators, namely elevator 012 and elevator 014, for their effectiveness for transcrestal detaching maxillary sinus mucosa using the goat ex vivo models. We measured the length of sinus mucosa detached in mesial and distal directions or buccal and palatal directions, and the space volume created by detaching maxillary sinus mucosa in mesial, distal, buccal and palatal directions using the invented elevators. Results: Elevator 012 had a shape-memory Ni/Ti alloy wire with a diameter of 0.012 inch, while elevator 014 had its shape-memory Ni/Ti alloy wire with a diameter of 0.014 inch. Elevator 012 could detach the goat maxillary sinus mucosa in the mesial or distal direction for 12.1±4.3 mm, while in the buccal or palatal direction for 12.5±6.7 mm. The elevator 014 could detach the goat maxillary sinus mucosa for 23.0±4.9 mm in the mesial or distal direction, and for 19.0±8.1 mm in the buccal or palatal direction. An average space volume of 1.7936±0.2079 ml was created after detaching the goat maxillay sinus mucosa in both mesial/distal direction and buccal/palatal direction using elevator 012; while the average space volume created using elevator 014 was 1.8764±0.2366 ml. Conclusion: Both two newly invented tube elevators could effectively detach the maxillary sinus mucosa on the goat ex vivo sinus models. Moreover, elevator 014 has advantages over the elevator 012 for the capability to detach sinus mucosa.

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Tian, Zhongxu, Hang He, and You Zhou. "Modeling and Numerical Computation of the Longitudinal Non-Linear Dynamics of High-Speed Elevators." Applied Sciences 14, no. 5 (February 22, 2024): 1821. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14051821.

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High-speed elevator systems comprise numerous components, and vibration issues are prevalent. The evident non-linear behavior resulting from changes in the wire rope length adds complexity to the investigation of elevator dynamics issues. This paper investigates dynamics modeling and numerical solution methods for longitudinal vibrations in a typical high-speed elevator system. The primary contributions of this paper include constructing a dynamics model for high-speed elevators using a substructure dynamics modeling approach. This model incorporates Newton’s law and the Lagrange equation to comprehensively represent the dynamics of the elevator car, car frame, traction system, and tension system. Additionally, a non-linear dynamics model of the steel wire rope is developed using the centralized mass method. This paper also presents an algorithm to solve the time-domain dynamics based on the variable-step-length Runge–Kutta method. Furthermore, it investigates the non-linear dynamics of elevators considering variations in the elevator’s intrinsic frequency and different elevator control strategies, focusing on the response characteristics of high-speed elevator dynamics. The findings of this thesis hold significant importance in the field of high-speed elevator dynamics. They aid in the design and debugging of high-speed elevator systems and serve as a foundation for future research into the non-linear aspects of elevators.

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Lee, Sang Min, Sung Soo Byun, and Byung Tae Yoo. "A Study on Strengthening Elevator Safety Management through an Elevator Accident Case Analysis." Crisis and Emergency Management: Theory and Praxis 12, no. 2 (February 28, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.14251/jscm.2022.2.1.

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Accidents caused by human negligence and negligence can be reduced by improving awareness through safety education and cultural diffusion, but it is difficult to prevent them completely due to the limitations of human mental and physical abilities. In other words, elevator safety measures that can compensate for human error are required, and this study intends to seek a elevator safety management system improvements to reduce elevator safety accidents. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, this study reviewed the legal system related to elevator safety management and analyzed the elevator accident cases. This study suggested the following measures for strengthening elevator safety management. First, to reinforce safety education related to elevator use and spread safety culture should be secured. Second, Establishment of a smart safety management system for elevators is required. Third, Development and introduction of elevator safety index is required.

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Harvey, Matthea. "Elevator Closed, Elevator Open." Yale Review 108, no. 3 (2020): 84–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tyr.2020.0082.

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Harvey, Matthea. "Elevator Closed, Elevator Open." Yale Review 108, no. 3 (September 24, 2020): 84–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/yrev.13665.

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Wang, Lei. "Research on Intelligent Elevator Based on ZigBee." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2425, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 012044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2425/1/012044.

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Abstract With the rapid increase of the number of elevators, the safety of elevators has attracted more and more attention of the public. How to improve the safety of elevators and how to reduce the occurrence of elevator failures has become the focus of attention of all parties.With the development of science and technology and the continuous improvement of the intelligent degree of elevator, intelligent elevator comes into being.This paper proposes a ZigBee-based intelligent elevator and its management method, aiming to help the elevator supervision department, user unit, maintenance unit, insurance company, ect., establish a new elevator use management mode, and reduce the occurrence of accidents such as elevator failure.

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Khonjun, Surajet, Rapeepan Pitakaso, Kanchana Sethanan, Natthapong Nanthasamroeng, Kiatisak Pranet, Chutchai Kaewta, and Ponglert Sangkaphet. "Differential Evolution Algorithm for Optimizing the Energy Usage of Vertical Transportation in an Elevator (VTE), Taking into Consideration Rush Hour Management and COVID-19 Prevention." Sustainability 14, no. 5 (February 23, 2022): 2581. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14052581.

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This research aimed to develop an effective algorithm to minimize the energy use of vertical transportation in elevators while controlling the number of passengers in the elevator waiting area and the number of passengers in the elevator during rush hour, thus maintaining social distancing to limit the spread of COVID-19. A mobile application and Internet of Things (IoT) devices were used to electronically communicate between the elevator’s control system and the passengers. IoT devices were used to reduce the number of passengers waiting for an elevator and passengers’ waiting time, while the energy consumption of the lift was reduced by using passenger scheduling and elevator stopping strategies. Three mathematical models were formulated to represent the different strategies used to cause the elevator to stop. These strategies were normal (allowing the elevator to stop at every floor), odd–even (some elevators are allowed to stop at odd floors and others are allowed to stop at even floors of the building), and high–low (some elevators are allowed to stop at high floors and others are allowed to stop at low floors of the building). Lingo v.11 and the differential evolution algorithm (DE) were used to address the optimal scheduling of the passengers and the elevators. The computational results show that the odd–even strategy had a 13.91–23.71% lower energy consumption compared with the high–low and normal strategies. Furthermore, the use of DE consumed 6.67–7.99% less energy than the use of Lingo.v11. Finally, the combination of DE and the designed application reduced the number of waiting passengers, the average passenger waiting time, and the total energy consumption by 74.55%, 75.12%, and 45.01%, respectively.

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Widi, Widi, Mukhnizar Mukhnizar, Veny Selviyanty, Risal Abu, and Afdal Afdal. "Analisis Kerusakan untuk Tindakan Perawatan pada Mekanika Elevator Otis Kapasitas 2 Ton di RSUP Dr M.Djamil Padang." Jurnal Teknik Industri Terintegrasi 7, no. 1 (January 19, 2024): 550–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31004/jutin.v7i1.25500.

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An elevator is a vertical transportation device used to transport people or goods. Elevators are box-shaped and are generally used in high-rise buildings, usually more than three or four floors. Elevator specifications are determined by its capacity, speed, and carrying capacity. Elevator selection is based on the use of elevators in buildings with traffic, commuting time, peak time and waiting time in terms of capacity (handling capacity), elevator speed. Adequate quantity of vertical transportation is an important factor, because it will affect the quality of service in a building, so maintenance management is needed that can manage elevator performance. The first step in analyzing component repairs is to use direct observation methods, namely primary and secondary data collection, data processing is carried out to extend the service life of Otis elevators, covering the working principles of Otis elevators, knowing the causes of Otis elevator damage, determining the Otis elevator maintenance schedule and knowing how to properly maintain Otis elevators and how to minimize damage that occurs

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La Roche, G. Robert. "Monocular Elevation Deficiency (“Double Elevator” Palsy)." Journal of Neuro-Ophthalmology 32, no. 1 (March 2012): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/wno.0b013e318227f139.

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Sun, R. Z., X. A. Wang, Y. Z. Cai, and J. M. Cao. "Elevator Leveling Failures Monitoring Device and Method." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (September 17, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7827448.

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Elevators are highly susceptible to safety incidents in the event of leveling failures, so the ability to monitor related failures must be strengthened. This paper proposed a new elevator leveling failures monitoring device and method in which elevator signals are obtained from the elevator CAN bus interface, transmitted to a remote monitoring platform via NB-IoT, and stored in our private data center. The leveling sensor sensing signal, the door signal, the car call signal, the target floor signal, and the running signal are obtained by analyzing the data extracted from the elevator. Logical analysis could be used to determine the elevator’s running status and leveling-related failures. The device and method could identify and also predict leveling-related failures and have advantages in terms of universality, accuracy, and economy.

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Ramalingam, Srikumar, Arvind Raghunathan, and Daniel Nikovski. "Submodular Function Maximization for Group Elevator Scheduling." Proceedings of the International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling 27 (June 5, 2017): 233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icaps.v27i1.13799.

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We propose a novel approach for group elevator scheduling by formulating it as the maximization of submodular function under a matroid constraint. In particular, we propose to model the total waiting time of passengers using a quadratic Boolean function. The unary and pairwise terms in the function denote the waiting time for single and pairwise allocation of passengers to elevators, respectively. We show that this objective function is submodular. The matroid constraints ensure that every passenger is allocated to exactly one elevator. We use a greedy algorithm to maximize the submodular objective function, and derive provable guarantees on the optimality of the solution. We tested our algorithm using Elevate 8, a commercial-grade elevator simulator that allows simulation with a wide range of elevator settings. We achieve significant improvement over the existing algorithms.

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Abdulqadir, Lameess Said Muhammadi. "The Development of Using Elevators in Different Buildings." Academic Perspective Procedia 1, no. 1 (November 9, 2018): 1200–1205. http://dx.doi.org/10.33793/acperpro.01.01.191.

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Elevators are one of the most important elements of vertical communication used in buildings. Especially in recent times, where high and high rise buildings have become a modern architectural phenomenon and the spread of architecture has become a feature of the age. Hence, the research discusses the technique of installing elevators in buildings. A general introduction to elevators and their types will be discussed, as well as a historical overview of the beginning of the idea of the elevator and the first buildings that were used. The technique of installing the elevator inside the building explained with the images shown components elevator. Also will be mentioned several speeds of modern elevators used in buildings, the world's fastest elevator, Ultra-rope technology and the reasons for choosing this technique in elevator components in high-rise buildings which may be used in the space elevator that will connect earth and space. As well as show of features of the wire used in the elevators of the Burj-Khalifa, the highest skyscraper in the world. Then mention a number of the most recent and newest elevators in the world, then then research results and references.

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Shi, Mo, Xiaoyan Xu, and Yeol Choi. "Gaussian Analysis of the Elevator Traffic under the Typical Office Building." Frontiers in Computing and Intelligent Systems 8, no. 1 (May 10, 2024): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/379xzj23.

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Elevators serve as indispensable transportation systems in contemporary buildings, facilitating vertical mobility for occupants. However, the proliferation of tall buildings has exacerbated traffic congestion issues within elevator systems. A significant number of elevator passengers voice dissatisfaction with prolonged wait times, leading to impatience and frustration. Traditional approaches to address elevator traffic problems include installing additional elevators or implementing group control systems. However, these solutions often fall short due to designers' limited understanding of elevator traffic dynamics. This research seeks to address these challenges by employing Gaussian analysis to comprehensively examine elevator traffic patterns within a typical office building context. By analyzing both actual monitored data and predictions generated by LS-SVMs, the study aims to offer valuable insights into elevator traffic behavior. Additionally, the research endeavors to serve as a valuable resource for ETA (Elevator Traffic Analysis), providing designers with a deeper understanding of elevator traffic dynamics and guiding the development of more effective solutions to alleviate congestion and improve passenger experience within vertical transportation systems. Through this approach, the study contributes to advancements in elevator design and operation, ultimately enhancing the functionality and efficiency of vertical transportation systems in built environments.

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Chen, Yuguo, Linmin Shen, Ming Wen, Baokui Chen, and Jian Jiang. "Seismic Performance and Optimization Design of a Post-Installed Elevator Shear Wall Structure." Buildings 13, no. 1 (January 11, 2023): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13010194.

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Post-installed elevator projects have grown significantly in recent years in response to the problem of insufficient vertical traffic capacity in existing buildings, but research on the seismic performance of post-installed elevator structures has been relatively limited. This study takes a 26-story-frame shear wall structure as an example. The seismic response characteristics of this structure before and after the installation of elevators were analyzed. In order to optimize the design scheme of the post-installed elevator structure, this study further analyzed how factors such as the standard height of the elevator shaft frame, the elevator location, and the way the post-installed elevator is connected to the structure affect the seismic response of the elevator structure. The results show that the post-installed elevators have a small impact on the seismic performance of the existing building and can slightly reduce the seismic response of the structure. In addition, the stiffness of the elevator shaft will be reduced, and its seismic response will be slightly increased as the standard shaft height is increased, but the construction cost can be reduced. The installation location has a greater impact on the seismic response of the post-installed elevator. The seismic response of the post-installed elevator is minimal when it is arranged near the elevator shaft of the existing building.

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Dorokhov, Aleksey S., Alexey V. Sibirev, Aleksandr G. Aksenov, and Maxim A. Mosyakov. "Results of Laboratory Studies of Soil Sifting in a Rod Elevator with Asymmetric Arrangement of Web Agitators and Adjustable Elevator Apron Angle." Engineering Technologies and Systems 31, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 380–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2658-4123.031.202103.380-402.

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Introduction. An increase in crop production from the growing area of both vegetable root crops and all agricultural products results in grows of the load on the machine-technology complex when harvesting. The reason is that in the structure of machine-technological complexes there are not devices providing the qualitative screening of the heap incoming for processing. The purpose of the study is to identify the areas with the minimum value of soil screening on the rod elevator surface depending on the elevator apron angle and to develop recommendations and proposals for improving the separation quality. Materials and Methods. The article describes the methodology and results of laboratory studies of rod elevators with an asymmetric arrangement of web agitators and an adjustable elevator apron angle to determine the soil screening quality on its surface. We used the method of comprehensive assessment of the quality and stability of technological operations based on quantitative optimization criteria. Results. The highest value of the screened soil weight is at the wavelength attenuation section of the rod elevator working branch 1,020 mm cause by action of the elliptical web agitator at an elevation angle of 5 gon. Discussion and Conclusion. The rod elevator with asymmetric arrangement of web agitators and adjustable elevator apron angle increases the soil screening quality along the entire length of the elevator apron by 10 %, and therefore increases the completeness of separation of root crops from soil impurities.

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Chen, Ye. "Design Concept for Evacuation Warning System of Elevator in Fire." Applied Mechanics and Materials 584-586 (July 2014): 198–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.584-586.198.

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This paper presents the input and output of elevator evacuation warning system based on the analysis of elevator evacuation risk in fire, and expounds elevator evacuation warning system design concept from three aspects, which are "use of the elevator is safe", " waiting for the elevator is safe" and "elevator's decision is a safe choice".

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Rubies, Elena, Ricard Bitriá, Eduard Clotet, and Jordi Palacín. "Non-Contact and Non-Intrusive Add-on IoT Device for Wireless Remote Elevator Control." Applied Sciences 13, no. 6 (March 21, 2023): 3971. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13063971.

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This work proposes an Internet-of-Things (IoT) device for remote elevator control. The new contribution of this proposal to the state-of-the-art is that it can convert a manually operated elevator into a remote controlled elevator without requiring any intrusive manipulation or wiring connection in the elevator. This IoT device has been designed as an add-on non-contact tool which is placed over the original elevator button panel, using servomotors to press the original buttons. This design allows its fast deployment as a remote control tool that increases elevator accessibility through the use of messages, a webpage or a QR code. Some application examples of this proposal are non-contact use of elevators in pandemic conditions, and the unsupervised use of elevators by autonomous cleaning or delivery mobile robots. The experimental evaluation of the IoT device in real operational conditions has validated its non-contact control features.

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Liu, Jiaqi. "Dynamic planning of office building elevator scheduling." Theoretical and Natural Science 31, no. 1 (March 7, 2024): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/31/20240776.

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Every morning rush hour is the most crowded time for elevators in office buildings, and many office workers will be late because they can't wait for the elevator. How to reasonably call the existing elevator resources has become a problem we need to pay attention to. In this paper, we will discuss the modeling of elevator scheduling optimization problem for office buildings. In this paper, the background and significance of the research is firstly explained, and then the elevator group linkage control system is briefly understood and analyzed, and the evaluation indexes are determined according to its multi-objective and diversified characteristics, and then the group control method focusing on making the elevator run time the shortest is adopted, and the principle of the ratio of elevator running period/total running time equal to the number of passengers transported/total passengers transported by the elevator in one cycle is followed to compare several common elevator running methods, and the results are summarized in the following table. Common elevator operation methods are compared, the most effective way to arrive at, and finally use dynamic programming to solve the partition point, to establish the optimal scheme of elevator scheduling for the office building division. Since it is not possible to expand the elevator in the office building, reducing the number of stops of each elevator to shorten the time required for the elevator to carry passengers becomes the most feasible method. After comparing the common elevator operation methods, it can be found that zoning can shorten the final average arrival time of passengers more than no zoning. That is, the elevators in an office building are divided into different zones, and each zone has a designated elevator serving a designated floor segment. In order to solve the floor segment allocation problem, the shortest path algorithm is used in this paper. The paper concludes with a summary and future outlook of the resulting optimization model.

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Prassetyo, Tegar, and Al Ikbal Arbi. "Analisis Performance Elevator Studi Kasus Di Pasar Grosir Tanah Abang (Blok A) Menggunakan Metode Dan Graphic Mechanical And Electrical Equipment (Mee) Dan Perhitungan Empiris." IKRAITH-Teknologi 7, no. 1 (November 2, 2022): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.37817/ikraith-teknologi.v7i1.2316.

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Tanah Abang Blok A Wholesale Market is a modern wholesale center in Jakarta that has more than 10floors and to make it easier for visitors to carry out activities that move the first floor j another floor, a verticaltransformation is needed, namely an elevator. Elevators are needed to streamline the time, mileage, and userpower to reach the first floor to other floors in a high-rise building. So in this Tugas Akhir the author takes thetitle Analisis performance elevator case study in Pasar grosir Tanah Abang block A. The method used is to usethe method of literature, observation, and interviews so that it is hoped that the author will be able to make iteasier to analyze it. In this study, the problems that will be discussed are the carrying capacity of the elevator,the waiting time of the elevator, the power of the motor, and the number of units. From this study, the followingresults were obtained for the elevator carrying capacity of 118 people for passenger elevators and 120 people forfreight elevators, waiting times for passenger elevators for 43.4 seconds and for freight elevators for 62.9 seconds,motor power for passenger elevators of 15 KW and freight elevators of 18 KW, and the number of units as manyas 4 units for passenger elevators and as many as 3 units for freight elevators.

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Hadi Abed Al-Hady, Istabraq, Farag Mahel Mohammed, and Jamal Abdul-Kareem Mohammed. "A review on the employment of the hydraulic cylinder for lifting purposes." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 28, no. 3 (October 7, 2022): 1475. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v28.i3.pp1475-1485.

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The hydraulic elevator is both a cost-effective system and results in extremely clean building exterior lines since the usual penthouse-type machine room is eliminated. Without the need for wires, counterweights, or pulleys, this elevator can transfer people between levels. One of the most significant factors to consider when designing people's elevators is that they should not be disturbed when going between levels and that the elevators should stop accurately. As a consequence, innovative technologies such as the electro-hydraulic servo system (EHSS) may be employed with a traditional hydraulic elevator. This technology may employ speed and position input to provide the desired degrees of speed control, riding comfort, and leveling precision. The EHSS is a closed-loop control system that operates as a drive unit, raising and lowering the elevator cabin in response to a variable like position, velocity, or force. This paper examines various types of hydraulic systems for lifting purposes, as well as the application of servo system principles to hydraulic control valves, to credibly provide the traditional hydraulic elevator with a selectable diversity of precise and smooth transport characteristics across floors. This study also looks at how elevators employ telescopic hydraulic cylinders efficiently for lift purposes in the elevator.

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Pan, Jun, Changxu Shao, Yuefang Dai, Yimin Wei, Wenhua Chen, and Zheng Lin. "Research on Fault Prediction Method of Elevator Door System Based on Transfer Learning." Sensors 24, no. 7 (March 27, 2024): 2135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24072135.

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The elevator door system plays a crucial role in ensuring elevator safety. Fault prediction is an invaluable tool for accident prevention. By analyzing the sound signals generated during operation, such as component wear and tear, the fault of the system can be accurately determined. This study proposes a GNN-LSTM-BDANN deep learning model to account for variations in elevator operating environments and sound signal acquisition methods. The proposed model utilizes the historical sound data from other elevators to predict the remaining useful life (RUL) of the target elevator door system. Firstly, the opening and closing sounds of other elevators is collected, followed by the extraction of relevant sound signal characteristics including A-weighted sound pressure level, loudness, sharpness, and roughness. These features are then transformed into graph data with geometric structure representation. Subsequently, the Graph Neural Networks (GNN) and long short-term memory networks (LSTM) are employed to extract deeper features from the data. Finally, transfer learning based on the improved Bhattacharyya Distance domain adversarial neural network (BDANN) is utilized to transfer knowledge learned from historical sound data of other elevators to predict RUL for the target elevator door system effectively. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can successfully predict potential failure timeframes for different elevator door systems.

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Qiu, Lemiao, Huifang Zhou, Zili Wang, Wenqian Lou, Shuyou Zhang, and Lichun Zhang. "A Stepped-Segmentation Method for the High-Speed Theoretical Elevator Car Air Pressure Curve Adjustment." Energies 13, no. 10 (May 19, 2020): 2585. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13102585.

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As the demand for high-speed elevators grows, the requirements of elevator performance have also increased. Most of these are single variables that do not consider the comprehensive impact of multiple variables on performance, especially comfort. To overcome this problem, a stepped segmentation method for a theoretical high-speed elevator car air pressure curve (THEC-APC) adjustment is proposed that could actively help to select a suitable theoretical elevator car air pressure adjustment curve. By utilizing the proposed Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm, the theoretical elevator car air pressure curve is optimized for multiple performances (including passenger comfort, energy consumption, and aerodynamic characteristics). In addition, the THEC-APC is smoothed by the Bezier curve for the variable destination floor. To verify the proposed method, the KLK2 (Canny Elevator Co., Ltd., 2015, Suzhou) high-speed elevator design process is applied. The numerical experiment results show that the proposed method can improve the accuracy and search efficiency of the optimal solution. Meanwhile, the proposed method helps to promote further air pressure compensation design for high-speed elevators.

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Thanh Tung, Luu. "Study on vibration threshold of the elevator in Vietnam." Science and Technology Development Journal 20, K1 (March 1, 2017): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v20ik1.405.

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Nowadays, elevators are installed for most of buildings and they are familiar with everyone in modern life. Thus, the elevators are required smoother and quieter. However, elevator manufacturing factories have no method and equipment to measure vibration in elevators. This paper introduces a method using an accelerometer and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to recognize vibration spectrum. This spectrum will be compared with standard one built by the manufacturer. In this paper, the standard spectrum of well-known elevator manufacturers such as Otis, Schindler etc. will be introduced for reference of Vietnamese elevator manufacturer.

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Yang, Oakseok. "A Study on Elevator Narrative: Changes in the Meaning of Freefall Accidents of Elevators in Elevator Literature." Journal of Modern British & American Language & Literature 41, no. 4 (November 30, 2023): 43–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21084/jmball.2023.11.41.4.43.

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Graham, Stephen. "Super-tall and Ultra-deep: The Cultural Politics of the Elevator." Theory, Culture & Society 31, no. 7-8 (November 6, 2014): 239–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263276414554044.

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Entire libraries can be filled with volumes exploring the cultures, politics and geographies of the largely horizontal mobilities and transportation infrastructures that are intrinsic to urban modernity (highways, railways, subways, public transit and so on). And yet the recent ‘mobilities turn’ has almost completely neglected the cultural geographies and politics of vertical transportation within and between the buildings of vertically-structured cityscapes. Attempting to rectify this neglect, this article seeks, first, to bring elevator travel centrally into discussions about the cultural politics of urban space and, second, to connect elevator urbanism to the even more neglected worlds of elevator-based descent in ultra-deep mining. The article addresses, in turn: the historical emergence of elevator urbanism; the cultural significance of the elevator as spectacle; the global ‘race’ in elevator speed; shifts towards the ‘splintering’ of elevator experiences; experiments with new mobility systems which blend elevators and automobiles; problems of vertical abandonment; and, finally, the neglected vertical politics of elevator-based ‘ultra-deep’ mining.

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Kado, Michael J., Kelsi Perttula, Elizabeth M. Noth, David Moore, Patton Khuu Nguyen, Charles Perrino, Mark Nicas, and S. Katharine Hammond. "Elevator Ventilation and SARS-CoV-2-Relevant Particulate Matter Removal in Three Older California Elevators." Indoor Air 2023 (September 19, 2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/7664472.

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The objective of this study was to measure particulate matter (PM) total loss rates in three older (1940s, 1960s, and 1980s) elevators in California during two phases and three low-cost intervention modes. Tracer gas decay and <2 μm aerodynamic diameter nontoxic NaCl particles (PM2) were used to calculate PM2 loss rates. The NaCl particles were considered surrogates for smaller particles carrying SARS-CoV-2. Empirical PM2 loss rates were paired with modeled dynamic scenarios to estimate SARS-CoV-2-relevant PM2 removal. Mean loss rates (hr-1) ranged from 1.8 to 184. Compared to a closed-door, stationary elevator, the moving elevators had a fourfold increased mean loss rate (hr-1), while an air cleaner in a stationary elevator increased the mean loss rates sixfold. In a dynamic particle removal simulation of a ten-story elevator, PM was removed 1.38-fold faster with an air cleaner intervention during bottom and top floor stops only (express ride) and 1.12-fold faster with an air cleaner during every other floor stops. The increase in removal rates due to the air cleaner was modest due to the higher moving and open-door removal rates, except during stationary phase. The half-life of PM2 particles in a stationary elevator after all passengers have left can be 8-12 minutes following a single emission and 2-5 minutes with an air cleaner. The low particle removal rate in the stationary elevator requires an intervention so that the particle removal rate will be high to eliminate infectious aerosol. If codes permit, keeping the door open when the elevator is stationary is most effective; otherwise, an air cleaner in a stationary elevator should be used. While an air cleaner is commonly seen as a substantial improvement in reducing potential virus concentration in air, in the moving elevator scenarios, the effect is quite modest. This paper provides empirical particle loss rates inside elevators, the effectiveness of air cleaners in a dynamic elevator space, two approaches to control infectious agents while the elevator is stationary, and support for a precautionary approach towards elevator use amidst a pandemic.

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Kim, Daewe, Su-Hong Eom, and Eung-Hyuk Lee. "Study on Elevator Recognition Techniques for Upper-Limb-Disabled Wheelchair Users." Applied Sciences 13, no. 22 (November 9, 2023): 12182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app132212182.

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This study proposes a LiDAR-sensor-based elevator recognition technique to prevent collisions caused by poor operation and the cognitive decline of wheelchair users with upper limb disabilities. Existing elevator recognition studies show high performance for elevator door recognition, but this can only be recognized at a position where the elevator can be viewed directly due to the angle of view range of the sensor. This is not appropriate for wheelchair users who are inexperienced in operation because alignment must be performed directly based on the elevator. Therefore, this study presents a LiDAR-sensor-based elevator recognition technique that can detect elevators from the side to the position and at an angle to the front in order to solve this problem. In addition, this study proposes a technique for recognizing elevator gates finished with low- and high-reflective materials in order to enable recognition in various elevator environments. In order to quantitatively verify the elevator recognition technique proposed in this study, experiments were conducted in an elevator environment consisting of low and high reflections. The results of the experiments confirmed that there was no problem in applying the wheelchair active driving technique.

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Chen, Wenxing, Baojuan Zheng, Jiaying Liu, Lianyan Li, and Xiaobin Ren. "A Real-Time Matrix Iterative Optimization Algorithm of Booking Elevator Group and Numerical Simulation Formed by Multi-Sensor Combination." Electronics 10, no. 24 (December 20, 2021): 3179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10243179.

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Elevators are an essential indoor transportation tool in high-rise buildings. The world is advocating the design concept of safety, energy-saving, and intelligence. We focus on improving operation speed and utilization efficiency of the elevator group. This paper proposed a real-time reservation elevator groups optimization algorithm, and a dynamic matrix iterative model has been established. The indoor navigation technology UWB is applied, which can help users to quickly find elevators. The manned equilibrium efficiency and running time equilibrium efficiency of elevator group are given. Moreover, the data filtering criterion formulas for user waiting time and elevator remaining space are defined. In this paper, three numerical examples are given. Example 1 is a single elevator in n-storey building. Example 2 is compared with different scheduling algorithms, such as FCFS, SSTF, LOOK, and SCAN algorithms, and the results show that our method has the advantages of short total running time and less round-trip frequency. At last, the matrix of numerical iteration results are visualized, and the data movement status of people on each floor can be observed. Example 3 introduced elevator group algorithms. For high-rise buildings, this paper adopts a high, medium, and low hierarchical management model; this model has high coordination, as well as fast response, batch process, and adaptive function. Finally, we also discussed and compared the complexity of single elevator and elevator group algorithms. Therefore, this method has great development potential and practical application value, which deserves further study.

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Hammoudeh, Ahmad. "Route selection for a three-dimensional elevator using deep reinforcement learning." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 41, no. 4 (September 19, 2019): 480–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624419876079.

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While the car of the conventional elevator system moves only vertically in one dimension (up and down), the car of the three-dimensional elevator system travels in three perpendicular dimensions. The elevator moves through a vertical shaft to a certain floor and then the elevator serves multiple passengers distributed among different rooms at that floor. The controller decides which route should be taken to serve the passengers. This article proposes the use of deep reinforcement learning to select a route for the three-dimensional elevator. Deep reinforcement learning method learns from experiencing a large number of scenarios generated using Monte Carlo simulation offline. Once trained, deep reinforcement learning can select the route online. Numerical experimentations are used to show the superiority of deep reinforcement learning in finding an optimum or near optimum-route instantaneously. Although deep reinforcement learning is closer to finding the optimum route than other methods, finding an optimum route is not always guaranteed. Deep reinforcement learning has some limitations that include the long training time and the difficulties in training the neural networks. Practical application:Multidimensional elevators have been of expanding interest to the elevator industry as well as to traffic analysis engineers. This article demonstrates that deep reinforcement learning surpasses other methods in finding an optimum or near-optimum route for the three-dimensional elevator, and it also overcomes the challenges of the non-intelligent methods. This article can help enterprises that develop multidimensional elevators in overcoming the challenges of the controller in addition to boosting the feasibility of multidimensional elevators.

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Poitevin, Pedro. "Elevator Speech." Journal of Humanistic Mathematics 2, no. 1 (January 2012): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.5642/jhummath.201201.11.

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McNeill, Kristopher. "Elevator pitch." Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts 18, no. 3 (2016): 304–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6em90008a.

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Kelly Pryor, Brandy N. "“Hope’s Elevator”." Qualitative Inquiry 22, no. 5 (February 9, 2016): 406–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077800415620215.

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Kato, Kunio, and Kazuhiro Yoshikawa. "Elevator system." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 122, no. 3 (2007): 1315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2781429.

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McKenzie, James. "Elevator pitches." Physics World 32, no. 11 (November 2019): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/32/11/25.

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Portigal, Steve, and Julie Norvaisas. "Elevator pitch." Interactions 18, no. 4 (July 2011): 14–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1978822.1978826.

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Watts, David. "Elevator talk." Lancet 349, no. 9069 (June 1997): 1920. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(05)63928-1.

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Pau-Llosa, Ricardo. "The Elevator." Christianity & Literature 62, no. 4 (September 2013): 564. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014833311306200406.

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Baker, Gary L. "ELEVATOR MODIFICATION." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 92, no. 3 (September 1993): 555–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-199309000-00036.

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41

Rosenberg, Liz. "Hospital Elevator." Missouri Review 19, no. 1 (1996): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mis.1996.0062.

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Doeswijk - van Es, Selena. "Elevator pitch." PodoPost 36, no. 4 (May 2023): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12480-023-2179-1.

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Peng, Hong, Zhong Lv, and Mingfeng Chen. "Research on the Impact Test and Control Countermeasures of Residential Elevator Operation Noise." E3S Web of Conferences 237 (2021): 01033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123701033.

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The influence of the residential elevator operating noise on the indoor personnel of the adjacent elevator room is becoming more and more prominent. Through on-site testing of a household in Chongqing affected by elevator noise, the noise distribution in key areas affected by elevator noise was experimentally studied, and compared with the current standard limits. Combined with the noise spectrum characteristics, the experimental analysis obtained the noise spectrum diagrams of different areas such as elevator machine rooms, corridors and bedrooms. It is believed that low-frequency noise has a greater impact on the residential acoustic environment. Combined with the noise propagation path of elevators, the technical measures and improvement schemes for noise reduction of elevator equipment operation noise are proposed, which can provide reference for the design and improvement of residential acoustic environment.

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Lai, Shu-Chen, Hsin-Hsou Wu, Wei-Ling Hsu, Rong-Jing Wang, Yan-Chyuan Shiau, Ming-Chin Ho, and Hung-Nien Hsieh. "Contact-Free Operation of Epidemic Prevention Elevator for Buildings." Buildings 12, no. 4 (March 29, 2022): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12040411.

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The COVID-19 pandemic broke out in early 2020, and the infection rate of COVID-19 variants is considerably higher than that of the original virus. The pandemic is still spreading globally. In June 2021, two families living on different floors of a building in Fongshan, Kaohsiung, were simultaneously infected with COVID-19. Investigation results suggested that an elevator in buildings was the most likely place where the virus transmission occurred. Building elevators are a necessary vertical transportation facility for residents or workers in high-rise buildings, and people touch elevator buttons while operating elevators. When a passenger carrying the virus touches elevator buttons, subsequent passengers may be easily infected if they touch those buttons and then touch their mouth, eyes, or nose by accident before sanitizing or washing their hands. In this study, we developed a contact-free elevator ride system by applying smart speech recognition, contact-free perceptual buttons, gesture recognition sensors, and a web page browser activated by quick response codes to operate an elevator. This system reduces the risk of virus infection caused by contact during an elevator ride, effectively enhancing pandemic prevention and protecting people’s health.

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Daleka, V., E. Kaylyk, and I. Pylypenko. "CONCEPT OF TECHNICAL CONDITION MANAGEMENT OF FIXED ASSETS OF ELEVATORS FACILITIES IN THE CITIES OF UKRAINE." Series: Economic science 7, no. 160 (November 27, 2020): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2020-7-160-26-33.

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The concept of management the technical condition of fixed assets of the elevators facilities are considered. This concept summarizes the technical and economic measures for reliability and provides the ability to make decisions for improve the level of efficiency at all stages of their life cycle. According to the normative values of separate elements technical resources of fixed assets allocate separate groups which are subject to replacement in 10, 15 and 20 years. This allows to systematize the periodicity of technical impacts and optimize decisions on the further use of elevators facilities fixed assets before reaching the normative 25 years. That is to solve questions of expediency further use: repairing with prolongation of operation period, full modernization, renewal or utilization. The target function are considered in the article. This target function include costs of maintenance and scheduled and unscheduled repairs. According to the target function, the total cost of maintenance and repair of elevator fixed assets should be within the established minimum-expediency costs while ensuring the appropriate quality and available or practically possible resources. The decision of questions of renewal, prolongation of operation period by repairs or modernization of fixed assets conducted with account available volumes of financing, a level of a technical condition and service life. Modernization of elevator facilities fixed assets is the perspective way to bring the elevator’s industry from the crisis. During modernization of elevators the costs are reduced by 25-30% as opposed to replacement a new elevator. The economic, social and technical factors, wich needed for modernization the elevator facilities fixed assets are systematized. Deciding on the need to modernization the elevator fixed assets in the work is recommended to take into account two criterias of expediency. The first criteria of expediency of modernization is determined by the purpose of improvement quality rendering of services at the initiative of owners of elevators, consumers of services, etc. The second criteria of economic feasibility of modernization shows the difference in the cost of providing services to home tenats of basic and modernized fixed assets. The calculations shown that during the modernization of the base elevator, unlike the buying of a new one, it is possible to achieve in the cities of Ukraine an annual economic effect of more than 200 thousand UAH.

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Lin, Jian Yi, Yi Jun Ji, and Chao Wu. "The Research and Design of Elevator Automatic Rescue System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (October 2011): 1915–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.1915.

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With the widespread use of the elevator, the shortcomings of the current elevator design become apparent. Especially the phenomenon of people being trapped in the elevator caused by accidently powered-off or some other reasons, which not only arouses much uncomfortable, but also threaten the safety of passengers. To solve this problem, an Elevator ARS (Automatic Rescue System) based on Internet is proposed and designed in this dissertation. The system is developed based on high performance MCU (Micro Control Unit), by which all status of elevators can be monitored through Internet.

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AKAR, Serpil. "Monocular Elevation Deficiency (Double Elevator Palsy): Traditional Review." Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Ophthalmology 31, no. 3 (2022): 178–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5336/ophthal.2022-89399.

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Mohammed, Jamal AK, Walaa M. Hashim, and Bahaa S. Beram. "Performance Improvement of a Conventional Hydraulic Elevator by Using Electro-Hydraulic Servo Mechanism." Engineering and Technology Journal 38, no. 5A (May 25, 2020): 748–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.v38i5a.367.

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An electro-hydraulic elevator is a new type of enhanced elevators that are used in low-rise buildings that do not exceed more than three floors. In this paper, an electro-hydraulic servo system for controlling the speed of a hydraulic elevator prototype by using a proportional valve and PID controller was investigated theoretically and experimentally. A three floors elevator prototype model with 76cm height was built including hydraulics components and electrical components. The elevator system is fully automated using the Arduino UNO board based Data Acquisition (DAQ) system. LabVIEW software is used to control the hydraulic elevator system through L298 DC drive via the DAQ board. The best PID gains was obtained experimentally. The elevator system prototype could be emplimented for educational purposes; such as learning the undergraduate students in the Electromechanical Engineering Department in the University of Technology how to structuring the electro-hydraulic elevator as well as the appropriate control strategy.

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Thain, Alanna. "Insecurity Cameras: Cinematic Elevators, Infidelity and the Crime of Time." bâtir, no. 14 (September 15, 2010): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/044409ar.

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The elevator, like the train and other icons of automated movement, would seem to hold a natural affinity with cinema, a kind of machine for making non-habitual space and time. Elevators displace human activity and effort, opening up instead a range of other types of encounters and types of mobility. As time-based mediums, elevators are zones of duration where the potential for change is made manifest. Unlike trains, however, elevators have not received or drawn critical interest on the part of cinema studies. This paper looks at the enduring verticality of cinematic elevators through a Bergsonian sense of duration as “infidelity to the self”, presenting a close reading of the elevator murder in Brian DePalma’s Dressed to Kill (1980) and a broader consideration of the elevator in cinema and urban culture.

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Huang, Ying, and Weijia Yu. "Elevator Safety Monitoring and Early Warning System Based on Directional antenna transmission technology." Electronics ETF 19, no. 2 (July 15, 2016): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.7251/els1519101h.

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In order to solve problems of the absence of security protection and the lack of early warning mechanism in the current elevator operation process, elevator safety monitoring and early warning system based on directional antenna transmission technology was proposed. The system includes sensor module circuit, microcontroller module circuit, display module, directional antenna transmission module, remote server and data monitoring system. Design ideas of hardware development, remote server and data monitoring system are introduced. Two version monitoring software are written, one for PC monitor, the other one for mobile phone monitoring. In order to improve data transmission distance, transmission rate and transmission quality, automatic antenna alignment system is designed, which combines the advantages of directional antennas and omnidirectional antennas transmission technique. To overcome problems such as instability of the alignment process, delay and other factors, DMC（ Dynamic Matrix Control ） algorithm should be used in the system and optimal control of the antenna angular alignment will be achieved. The system can continuously transmit real-time elevator’s working status information and environmental information, and it also send commands to notify elevator company managers once an abnormal conditions occur in the elevator, so that people can take urgent measures and maintenance measures. This system can be applied to real-time warning of all-types elevators.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Elevator'

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