Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Élèves – Mali – Conditions sociales'
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Keffing, Dabo. "Croissance démographique et développement économique et social au Mali." Paris 10, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA100164.
Full textEnnabihe, Fatiha. "Les représentations du métier d'enseignant chez les instituteurs et les élèves-maîtres marocains." Toulouse 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU20037.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is the study of the social representations of the teaching profession among the primary school teachers and the training teachers in morocco. To achieve this objective, we have initially presented, in the first part, the education policy in morocco at the eve of the protectorate and the from the independence to this day. We have analysed the moroccan education system based on its purposes with regard to the idiologie convictions and the values on which it is founded. We have also studied the role of the teacher and its evolution in line with the relationship existing between the teaching methods and the pupil. In order to produce an exhaustive research work, we have carried out a survey using a sample of 100 primary school teachers and 100 trainees. The elaborated questionnaire focused on both the teachers and the trainees opinion with regards to the teaching profession. Our findings have been analysed and interpreted in the second and the third part of the thesis. The empiric studic carried on two hundred informants revealed the existence of two classes of social representations which are shared by both teachers and student trainees: -a favourable representation which involves a positive point of view and the image of a "prestigious" and "appreciative" profession. -an unfavourable representation which includes a negative point of view towards a profession which is looked down on as "depreciating", "degrading", and which is practiced by "necessity"
Gardelle, Linda. "Des sociétés nomades et des États : enjeux identitaires en Mongolie et au Mali." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010666.
Full textGareyane, Mohamed. "La sédentarisation des nomades dans la région de Gao : révélateur et déterminant d'une crise multidimensionnelle au Nord-Mali." Lyon 3, 2008. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2008_out_gareyane_m.pdf.
Full textThe nomads of north Mali a long time refused the policy of the colonial state then of the Malian state that considers the settling process as the basis of their integration and development. The current process results from two major facts that strongly affected the functioning and the structuration of social and economical life of nomads. It acts on the one hand, of the harmful effects of the dryness of 1984 and on the other hand, on the realization, following the intervention of NGO and the development projects, of many socio-economic infrastructures to accompany peace in an area weakened by the rebellion by the nineties. If settling process is justified by a socio-economic requirement, environmental reality constrains to the mobility maintenance, guarantees development of the breeding which remains still the system of production dominating and most viable. But, the priority of the socio-economic development compared to the environmental question puts doubtlessly risks for the future of the nomads. This future also will have to do facing the uncertainties of the recurring insecurity and the large building sites of development, in fact the dam of Taoussa as well as exploration and the possible oil exploitation
Nasi, Miquel Garcia Evelyne. "Représentation de la santé et de la maladie, représentation du cancer au Mali, enquête menée auprès de 223 élèves maliens." Paris 6, Pitié Salpêtrière, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA061028.
Full textThibaud, Bénédicte. "Les milieux sahéliens de l'intérieur de la boucle du Niger : dynamique actuelle des sociétés et des écosystèmes (Mali central)." Bordeaux 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR30056.
Full textNowadays, in mali, the sahelian ecosystems and more precisely the oriental dryland of the inner delta of the niger give prominence to such unstability that the scientific community mentions a state of crisis. The sahelian people, rural for more than 90 per cent, have been affecting since 1970 by a demographic expanding phase, especially the cultivator's group. Unfortunely, the incrisis population's' need can't be provided now. In fact, the 1970 years corresponds with a lock of precipitations so important that the fragile ecosystems have been deteriored. Nowadays, ther is an upset balance between the population and their environnemt; it is the result of actual inadequate survive strategies and it can found expression in great instability between potential environnemt and its exploitation as the case may be. Someties, the degradation is so important that the future of these areas is compromised
Lesclingand, Marie. "Nouvelles pratiques migratoires féminines et redéfinition des systèmes de genre : une analyse à partir des changements démographiques en milieu rural malien." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004IEPP0039.
Full textDiarra, Kalis. "Environnement, conditions de vie et systèmes de santé à Bamako (Mali) : éléments d'une géographie de la santé en milieu urbain." Bordeaux 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR30016.
Full textBamako on over by its sites and its location, the frenc colonizers who decided to settle there from 1883, however its seducted even more a great part of the continent by becoming very "the most beautiful capital in west africa". But bamako "the beautiful" transformed itself even into bamako "the ugly", an almost sprawling town, repulsive in places. In less then three decades, the rythms of expansion of the urban space has been much quicker than that of the public equipements. From then on, the authorities over taken by the situation and the indiferrent populations were faced with acute planning and development problems. . . Due to its role as main national center, the town distinguiches itself from the rest of the country by the humerous and important however it expresses the same epidemiological, profile dominated by tropical illnesses and diseasses. Facing such a situation, integrated actions should be one of the main strategies of struggle to be given a greater place
Traoré, Kamana Jean-Yves. "Le défi démocratique et la décentralisation face à la société et à la culture Senufo : réarticulation des pouvoirs dans cinq communes rurales du cercle de Sikasso - Mali." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0192.
Full textThis thesis, entitled "Senufo society and culture faced with democratic challenge and the decentralisation policy : the redistribution of powers in the rural communes in the Sikasso (Mali) cercle [county]" is divided into three parts. The first part traces the history of settlement and analyses the socio-cultural organisation and development of the various systems of power in the region. The second part deals with the advent of democracy and the implementation of decentralisation (communal division, choise of county towns, production of electoral lists and organisation of elections. It includes an analysis of relationship between younger and elder people, and between political local reasoning. The third part examines "the communes put to the test of democratic practice". It analyses the relationship between actors at various levels (mayors/bureau and communal council/support staff/village bodies/administration/political bodies) and looks intothe various sectors of communal intervention. An analysis of the connection between decentralisation and land use will show that land strategies remain largely dominated by village chiefdoms
Bonnecase, Vincent. "Pauvreté au Sahel : la construction des savoirs sur les niveaux de vie au Burkina Faso, au Mali et au Niger (1945-1974)." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010710.
Full textLebègue, Julie. "Pauvreté, exclusion sociale et mortalité des enfants en milieu urbain africain : le cas de Bamako (Mali)." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999IEPP0001.
Full textSince the mid-50s, infant mortality has incontestably and steadily declined in all African countries. Fertility transition has begun for several years. Demographic transition in Africa takes place in a crisis and impoverishment context. African cities are often seen as favoured for infant survival. Population growth, and particularly urban population growth, leads to cities expansion and slums development. In this context, health and social services growth has been inadequate to meet population needs. Social inequalities between urban populations increase. In 1995-1996, a case-control study on health determinants and inequalities was conducted in an outlying district of Bamako, Mali. Interview with women helped to understand health aetiology and behaviours in Sahel. The risks of dying for children aged 0 to 1 vary according to household level of living. But behaviours, and particularly mothers behaviours, are also determinants of infant mortality. Women status in household is a key factor to understand child survival. But despite an existing demand for health services, access to health care is subject to economic resources and is unequal. At the dawn of the XXIth century, access to health care is stopped by poverty and school access difficulties. Urban insertion is more and more difficult and long. The difficulties in schooling observed in Mali are worrying. In less than a decade, age-schooling girls will be mothers. If economic difficulties last, maternal behaviours will be the first determinant of child survival. Unless health behaviours evolve and public policies try to reach poorer populations, present mortality decline could be reversed in the coming years
Philippon, Solenne. "De la veille sanitaire à l'urgence épidémique : méningite cérébrospinale e système de santé au Mali : une approche géographique." Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010687.
Full textZobel, Clemens. "Confronting otherness : politics, identity and history in the village communities of the Manding mountains of Mali." Paris, EHESS, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EHESA007.
Full textLe, Marcis Frédéric. "Des maux ordinaires : une anthropologie de la santé au quotidien dans le Maasina (Mali)." Paris, EHESS, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EHES0224.
Full textGuilhem, Dorothée. "Esthétique du corps féminin et identité chez les Peuls du Mali." Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX10014.
Full textTraore, Tiemoko. "Exploitation aurifere et mutations sociales en milieu rural : cas des mines d'or de Morila (commune rurale de Sanso)." Thesis, Tours, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUR2008.
Full textThe interaction between those who define themselves as indigenous and non·indigenous stands out overtly in rural Sanso commune due to the discover and exploitation of a gold mine from 2000. We chose this site because it is considered exemplary both for its high gold production and for its development projects implemented by the mining company. Since its commissioning, Morila gold mine has extracted more than 200 tons of gold and contributed up lo 1,000 billion CFA francs in the national economy (customs duty. dividend taxes,). But if you exceed the posted showcase figures, social complexity, frustrations and daily questioning of the inhabitants of Sanso more than one third of the local population complain about the high cost of life, access to health care problems, drinking water. overstaffing in school classes, upheavals, environmental changes. Installation of non-native (regional, national and international) made numerous changes that affect social relationships such as kinship systems, alliance strategies and the rules of power. Our research has focused on interactions between natives and non-natives. Traditional social attitudes. political or experienced daily movements in favor of the generalization of a unique way of life inspired by other referential. It would. however. be wrong to think that people in the rural community of Sanso passively undergo transformations imported from outside. They involved in changes that affect the area. According to their practices and representations, they orient indeed local transformations, in a way not always expected by the Stale or mining jurisdictions such as deforestation resulting in the: destruction of wildlife habitats and the transformation of the traditional hunting for lucrative purposes. Based on the three priority areas identified by the Malian government and the direction of Morila SA, our analysis thus includes changes to both desired and undesired. which took shape al the option of development of Morita SA mine in the rural town of Sanso. Our problem is summarized in the following question: What are the changes caused by the demographic imbalance between the inhabitants from the commune and those who came to settle there since the operation of the mine? What were the implications of these changes on the socio-economic conditions of the rural commune of Sanso? More specifically, this research analyzes the interactions between indigenous and non· indigenous in a context of modernity. So as to relate as more specifically as possible the changes, document analysis, in-situ observation and interviews arc the three pillars of our methodology
Camara, Eric. "Le droit de la famille en France et au Mali." Paris 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA020079.
Full textPetit, Véronique. "Migrations et société Dogon." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05H023.
Full textThis research was conduct between 1990 and 1993, in dogon country in Mali (west Africa). We collect socio-demographic data (census of 21370 persons and 1082 questionnaries with men and women). The dogon society have still keep strong traditions, religious rites for example, however colonization, modernization, and return migrants introduced social and cultural change during these last decades. Climat and physical conditions are very hard. Space for culture is insuffisant for supply food for everyone, so a part of men had decided to go and look for a work in town. This society is strongly hierarchized, by age groups and gender divisions. Young men and women are dominated by the eldest men. Historically, dogon moved in the 14th century from mande to their actual place of life, te cliffs of bandiagara. This first migration had becoming a mythology, and had created their identity. Migrations and movements are connected with a feeling of belong to the cliff. We construct a typology of the migrations. These migrations could be international towards West Africa (mainly ivory coast, Ghana) or internal in Mali. And in this last case, people could choice to go the plain or to the urban areas in Mali. The Malian capital, Bamako is the first destination, and after the cities near the river Niger (mopti, segou). Migration could be explain by different causes : economic situation, social condition, changement of religion, climatic accident, etc. Migration is a way to understand the society, because migrations could be understanding by a inside position, and an external point a view
Bellis, Gil. "Une conséquence de la carence iodée : le crétinisme endémique au village Bwa de Sirao (Mali)." Aix-Marseille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX10013.
Full textChamberland, Gilles. "Étude des relations entre la pratique de jeux, les résultats scolaires et le statut socio-économique d'étudiant-e-s de secondaire II." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29412.
Full textNtagara, Venant. "Savoirs scolaires scientifiques et raisonnement chez les élèves rwandais de l'enseignement secondaire : approche sociocognitive et langagière." Paris 8, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA083210.
Full textThis thesis is born on the impulsion of a statement: in Rwanda, the students suffer from heavily setback and missive failures in the scientific ground. Rwanda is a country where modern school came in and brought in writing, a century ago, in linking with the catholic missionaries settlement. This thesis brings to the fore the difficulties which a young one, studying scientific knowledge’s, has to cope with; all the more this student belongs to the oral tradition culture with slight literacy production. On account of the researches done by CIRCEFT-ESCOL team, the thesis is showing both the reasoning and the references ground which a Rwanda student of secondary school backs up to explain a scientific phenomenon, with the actual capacities to put something down in writing. This thesis puts on displays the possible linking between the cultural oral character and the fact to be able to compile writing about the scientific knowledge's of a student. It also displays the possible relation between the traditional cosmological cultural world in Rwanda, and the scientific data (that are) taught in school. Considering this double relation, the thesis puts aside either determinist or defective conclusions ; it offers Rwanda an educational didacticism of sciences, which takes into account the traditional culture of the students. This educational system put the practical exercise of writing in the very centre of the learning of sciences. This method will allow the Rwanda students to mater and control the scientific knowledge’s, to practise reasoning, critical mind and reflexive memory. Moreover, this pedagogical method will favour the way from traditional understandings to scientific knowledge’s
Harvey, Jacques. "L'influence du mode de cheminement sur le rendement scolaire des élèves en difficulté d'apprentissage au début du secondaire." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29397.
Full textDiagana, Abdoulaye. "Transfert de normes et logiques d'acteurs en pays soninké : quand la décentralisation redistribue les équilibres politiques à l'échelle locale : Mauritanie, Mali, Sénégal." Rouen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ROUEL034.
Full textThe evolution of governance and, beyond that of education for democracy, is facing a crisis which impact on decision making are named profiteering, cronyism, manipulation of elections. . . The crisis of democracy is manifested by various symptoms which include the decline in voter turnout, the loss of trust in politicians, the declining credibility of political parties and, more generally, a loss of legitimacy of political institutions. Moreover, the ultimate manifestation of this disaffection is re flected in a series of protests and post election political violence which sometimes go up to the mortgage on the existence of these states while making it unlikely that the very idea of building a statonational project politically and economically viable. Therefore, what is the sense of experimenting democracy at a local level that is being introduced by the process of decentralization. ? Away from the centers of decision, the people of « the Soninke Country » are encouraged to develop a territory that the state has neglected for lack of ressources. This is over a background of tension between an effort of modernization and a traditional & conservative logic that the State is trying to give itself a meaning
Lasbeur, Linda. "Modes de contrôle de la fécondité en Afrique de l’Ouest : analyse comparative (Sénégal, Mali, Burkina Faso et Ghana)." Paris 10, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA100196.
Full textThis research focuses on fertility control and especially contraception in Western Africa (Mali, Senegal, Ghana and Burkina Faso), based on data from the D. H. S. We first describe the social and demographic characteristics of the women (residence and level of education) using the Bongaarts model. To comprehend why some sexually active and fertile women who wish to limit their number of children do not use contraceptive methods, we used the Lesthaeghe model. And to understand obstacles to birth control, we conducted group interviews in Senegal. Social characteristics do not account completely for attitudes towards birth control techniques. Individual experience can influence resorting to contraception and apprehending social interaction helps in comprehending social change
Gianola, Elizabeth C. "La securisation financiere, le developpement socio-economique et la force du droit : le cas des economies ouest-africaines de plantation (la cote d'ivoire, le ghana et le mali)." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010266.
Full textIn face of africa's rapid population growth, the marginalization of african economies and the need for improved land productivity, there is an every increasing need to respond to the land tenure dilemna. This study, which pertains to the plantation economies of west africa (ivory coast, ghana, mali), interprets tenure security first as a socio-cultural construction which implies a process which contributes to social reproduction by satisfying certain security needs (basic subsistence, security against violence and institutional security). This implies 1) a process of fomialization of certain individual and community tenure rights essential to development to the extent they reduce tenure conflicts and 2) a socio-economic development. As a legal construction, tenure security in the west african context is reduced to a choice between two legal models: the property rights model and the patrimonial model. The choice of one of these models implies the choice of a legal system and transports in its wake a societal project which is determinative of a certain state-society-market relation, of a certain institutional structure and of a certain type of redistribution of rights and obligations. In this sense the choice of a legal model constitutes a force
Keita, Moussa. "Allocation du temps et pauvreté : les enseignements du Programme Plateformes Mutifonctionnelles au Mali." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF10436/document.
Full textNo abstract available
Dia, Fatou. "Le mariage interlinguistique au Mali : étude du cas de Bamako en 1987 et en 1998." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28523/28523.pdf.
Full textGranier-Duermaël, Anne-Lise. "Les artisans-médiateurs en milieu dogon : étude des groupes Jan et Gon." Paris, EHESS, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EHES0141.
Full textThis work concerns the survey of the Jan and Gon groups, two social categories in the Dogon environment that have been little studied. The Jan men are generally tanners or tradesmen, their wives practice the dyeing of indigo in numerous regions. The Gon have an important oral tradition function that they either exercise at the time of certain feasts or of certain rituals. Most of them are also leather craftsmen. Jan and Gon all have a power of mediation. Principal axes of this research concern the manner in wich these two groups have been formed, the sense of labels and stereotypes that relates to these groups, the formation of their status within Dogon society as well as their evolution until the present period. Results let appear a heterogeneity of these craftsmen groups as well as the chronological development of their social processes: first half of the XVIIIth century for the Gon subsystem, end of the XVIIIth century and course of the XIXth century for the Jan subsystem. Otherwise, technological advancement and the progression of Islam mark the deterioration of their position in Dogon society
Nguema, Endamne Gilbert. "Orientation scolaire au sortir de la classe de troisième de l'enseignement secondaire général public au Gabon." Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2003/50377-2003-25-1-2.pdf.
Full textGaudreault, David. "La carrière publique de l'intimidation au Québec Incursion dans l'économie morale de l'enfance." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/32542.
Full textUsing the public career of school bullying (intimidation) in Québec, this research invites to explore the moral economy of childhood: the production, circulation and use of norms, roles, values and feelings related to children. A vast documentary and diachronic cross analysis was conducted to offer a new understanding of the dialogical co-construction of this public problem, to which participate the media, scientific and political spheres. The analysis suggests that the public problems’ trajectories might be cyclical rather than linear. Inside Québec, the theme of ‘school violence’ appears in the late 20th century through ‘taxage’, understood as the extortion or robbery perpetrated in the course of juvenile sociability. The Québec ‘school violence’ thus emerges in a political context of fight against ‘street gangs’ and teenage criminality. At the beginning of the 21th century, a reconsideration of youth offenders judicialization comes to oppose the repressive will of the state - it leads to a delegitimization of the police and judicial apparatuses dedicated to overcome ‘taxage’. Meanwhile, groups of ‘moral entrepreneurs’ extend the definition of unacceptability when it comes to youth aggressivity and redefine it in relation to new indisciplines that require measures of prevention and support. Henceforth, concerns move beyond the matters of security and dangerousness previously prominent. The public scenes that were investigated became at that period dominated by a feeling of vulnerable childhood. Leaving behind the risks that poses the youth, the problem’s rhetoric rearranges itself around the risks that weigh in on them. Psychological integrity, social dignity and liberty are major components of the moral economy of childhood and the basis of this ‘moral crusade’ - a social phenomenon that allows us to perceive the configurations of contemporary normativity.
Bazargan, Zahra. "Les classes de devoirs: une solution au problème de l'échec des enfants de milieux défavorisés de Téhéran ?" Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213105.
Full textForero, Londoño Fernando Oscar. "La violence scolaire comme problème public : une construction sociale, un discours officiel et des trajectoires des jeunes : une étude de cas." Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOL010/document.
Full textIt is postulated in this research study, that scholar violence does not exist as a social problem with objective conditions that establish it like something unique of unusual scholar contexts in opposition to ordinary scholar situations. In another way, it is set out as a premise that it is possible to understand the scholar violence like the social structure of a public problem in the educational field. In other words, the research is a perception scheme that visualize a particular way of observing the social relations that students live at school. It is estimated the comprehensive effort arguing that like an expression of an official perception scheme about an educational public problem, the scholar violence unvisualize the social experiences in school young where it is discovered that violence at school is the demonstration of deep disparities of economic and social structures that produce, among others, alarming decline social processes. Thus, since a relational perspective we connect the social conditions of scholar violence production like a social problem and the social experiences of students in youthful condition taking into account the following sociological question: What relation does exist between the social conditions of scholar violence production and the students´ social experiences in youthful condition?