Relevant bibliographies by topics / Eliciteur

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Academic literature on the topic 'Eliciteur'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 June 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Eliciteur"

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Molot, P. M., A. Toppan, and P. Mas. "Rôle de L'éthylène dans L'Accumulation de Capsidiol et la Sensibilité a Phytophthora capsici chez le Piment Traite par un Eliciteur." Journal of Phytopathology 112, no. 3 (1985): 268–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.1985.tb00803.x.

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Lan, Wen Zhi, Wen Min Qin, Long Jiang Yu, and Xi Yang. "Hydrogen Peroxide from the Oxidative Burst is Not Involved in the Induction of Taxol Biosynthesis in Taxus chinensis Cells." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 58, no. 7-8 (2003): 605–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2003-7-827.

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Abstract In cell suspension cultures of Taxus chinensis, 40 mg/l fungal elicitor from Aspergillus niger and 20 μm HgCl2 elicited 5.7 and 3.6 mg/l taxol, which was a 9-fold and 5- fold increase vs. compared with the control, respectively. The fungal elicitor induced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation but HgCl2 did not, indicating that H2O2 was not necessary for enhancement of taxol induced by elicitor. Compared with the treatment with fungal elicitor alone, exogenous catalase, ascorbic acid, diphenylene iodonium and superoxide dismutase induced a 0.45, 0.4, 0.7 and 1.4-fold H2O2, but elicited taxol production, which was 0.98, 1.2, 1.1 and 0.9-fold, respectively, vs. non-treated cells. Elicitor-induced taxol production was not accorded with the amount of H2O2 production.
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ASTUTI, NINIK PUJI, SOLICHATUN SOLICHATUN, and ARI SUSILOWATI. "Reserpine content of Rauvolfia verticillata callus culture elicited by Pythium sp." Biofarmasi Journal of Natural Product Biochemistry 5, no. 2 (2007): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biofar/f050202.

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Astuti NP, Solichatun, Susilowati A. 2007. Reserpine content of Rauvolfia verticillata callus culture elicited by Pythium sp. Biofarmasi 5: 55-66. This research aimed to study the effect of elicitor derived from Pythium sp. on reserpine content of Rauvolfia verticillata (Lour.) Baillon callus culture. Callus was induced from R. verticillata’s leaf segment, and grew optimally on Murashige and Skoog’s medium with the addition of 2 mg/L NAA and 2 mg/L kinetin. Callus was elicited with elicitor derived from autoclaved Pythium sp. on the 30th day. The concentrations of elicitor were 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg DW/mL. The harvesting times of elicited callus were at 0, 18, 36 and 72 hours. The morphology of callus (texture and color) was observed descriptively. The dry weight of callus and reserpine content were analyzed statistically by using General Linear Model Univariate (GLM Univariate) and followed by Duncan’s Multiply Ring Test (DMRT) at a confidence level of 95%. The results showed that the concentration of elicitor and harvesting time influenced the dry weight and reserpine content of R. verticillata callus culture significantly. As much as 2 mg DW/mL elicitor with a harvesting time at 72 hours produced the lowest dry weight of callus that was 0.039 g, but produced the highest reserpine content that was 481.900 mg/g DW of callus or increased 103.849% compared to the control.
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Matsukawa, Tetsuya, Atsushi Ishihara, and Hajime Iwamura. "Induction of Anthranilate Synthase Activity by Elicitors in Oats." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 57, no. 1-2 (2002): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2002-1-221.

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Oat phytoalexins, avenanthramides, are a series of substituted hydroxycinnamic acid amides with anthranilate. The anthranilate in avenanthramides is biosynthesized by anthranilate synthase (AS, EC 4.1.3.27). Induction of anthranilate synthase activity was investigated in oat leaves treated with oligo-N-acetylchitooligosaccharide elicitors. AS activity increased transiently, peaking 6 h after the elicitation. The induction of activity was dependent on the concentration and the degree of polymerization of the oligo-N-acetylchitooligosaccharide elicitor. These findings indicate that the induction is part of a concerted biochemical change required for avenanthramide production. The elicitor-inducible AS activity was strongly inhibited by ʟ-tryptophan and its analogues including 5-methyl-ᴅʟ-tryptophan, and 5- and 6- fluoro-ᴅʟ-tryptophan, while the activity was not affected by ᴅ-tryptophan. The accumulation of avenanthramide A was also inhibited by treatment of elicited leaves with these AS inhibitors, indicating that a feedback-sensitive AS is responsible for the avenanthramide production. In elicited leaves, the content of free anthranilate remained at a steady, low level during avenanthramide production. Moreover, administration of anthranilate to elicited oat leaves resulted in an enhanced avenanthramide accumulation. AS may play a role as a ratelimiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of avenanthramides.
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Lintle, Mohase, and Amie J. van der Westhuizen. "Glycoproteins from Russian Wheat Aphid Infested Wheat Induce Defence Responses." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 57, no. 9-10 (2002): 867–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2002-9-1019.

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Elicitors are molecules which can induce the activation of plant defence responses. Elicitor activity of intercellular wash fluid from Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) infested resistant (cv Tugela DN), and susceptible (cv Tugela), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), was investigated. Known Russian wheat aphid resistance related responses such as peroxidase and β-1,3-glucanase activities were used as parameters of elicitor activity. The intercellular wash fluid from infested resistant plants contains high elicitor activity while that from infested susceptible plants contains no or very little elicitor activity. After applying C-18 reverse phase and concanavalin A Sepharose chromatography, elicitor active glycoproteins were isolated from the intercellular wash fluid of Russian wheat aphid infested resistant wheat. The elicitor-active glycoproteins separated into three polypeptides during sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The isolated glycoproteins elicited peroxidase activity to higher levels in resistant than in susceptible cultivars. It was evident that the glycoproteins were probably a general elicitor of plant origin. Information gained from these studies is valuable for the development of plant activators to enhance the defence responses of plants.
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Mackenbrock, Ulrike, and Wolfgang Barz. "Elicitor-Induced Formation of Pterocarpan Phytoalexins in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Cell Suspension Cultures from Constitutive Isoflavone Conjugates upon Inhibition of Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyase." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 46, no. 1-2 (1991): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1991-1-208.

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After inhibition of phenylalanine ammonia lyase by L- α-aminooxy-β-phenylpropionic acid, the constitutively formed formononetin 7-O-glucoside-6″-O-malonate is metabolized with the isoflavone aglycone being used as an intermediate in the elicitor-induced formation of pterocarpan phytoalexins in chickpea cell suspension cultures. In elicited cultures not treated with the inhibitor phytoalexins are synthesized de novo from phenylalanine. Therefore, in chickpea cells the constitutive isoflavone conjugate metabolism and the elicitor-induced pterocarpan formation show metabolic linkage under specific physiological conditions.
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Gupta, Renu. "Role of Pyrethroid-elicited Mosquito Behaviour in Control Programmes." Journal of Communicable Diseases 54, no. 03 (2022): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/0019.5138.202293.

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This review study envisages the role of insecticide-elicited mosquito behaviour for disease eradication programmes. Changes in behaviour due to insecticides may, at times, be of more practical importance than the actual lethal effect of the insecticide, especially if these changes help to disrupt the contact between man and mosquito. Two important aspects of mosquito behaviour, either repellency or irritability and biting patterns in response to insecticide exposure have been taken into consideration. This paper throws light on the significance of two synthetic pyrethroids, permethrin and deltamethrin, when impregnated into mosquito nets for self-protection and vector control. The determination of any changes with respect to behaviour of mosquitoes, before and after the introduction of bed nets is reflected in the potential of the mosquitoes to transmit diseases and can be of great epidemiological significance in mosquito abatement programmes.
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TADA, Yasuomi, Shingo HATA, Hitoshi NAKAYASHIKI, Yukio TOSA, and Shigeyuki MAYAMA. "Signal Mediators for Phytoalexin Production in Defense Response of Oats Elicited by Victorin as a Specific Elicitor." Journal of General Plant Pathology 66, no. 3 (2000): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/pl00012943.

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Mateos, François Villalba, Martina Rickauer, and Marie-Thérèse Esquerré-Tugayé. "Cloning and Characterization of a cDNA Encoding an Elicitor of Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae That Shows Cellulose-Binding and Lectin-Like Activities." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 10, no. 9 (1997): 1045–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.1997.10.9.1045.

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Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae produces a 34-kDa glycoprotein elicitor (CBEL) that is localized in the cell wall. A cDNA encoding the protein moiety of this elicitor was cloned and characterized. The deduced amino acid sequence consisted of two direct repeats of a cysteine-rich domain, joined by a Thr/Pro-rich region. Although having no general homology with published sequences, the positions of the cysteine residues in the two repeats show a conserved pattern, similar to that of the cellulose-binding domain of fungal glycanases. CBEL did not possess hydrolytic activity on a variety of glycans, but bound to fibrous cellulose and plant cell walls. In addition, it exerted a lectin-like hemagglutinating activity. Infiltration of tobacco leaves (cultivar 46–8) with this molecule elicited necrosis and defense gene expression at 150 nM. Elicitor pre-treatment of this tobacco cultivar resulted in protection against subsequent inoculation with an otherwise virulent race of P. parasitica var. nicotianae. All these biological activities were exerted within a low concentration range. This is the first report that a fungal elicitor exhibits cellulose-binding and lectin-like activities. The possible implications of such a multifunctional elicitor in plant-microbe interactions are discussed.
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Aristizábal, Diego, Jesús Gil, Winston Quiñones, and Diego Durango. "Screening of Indanoyl-Type Compounds as Elicitors of Isoflavonoid Phytoalexins in Colombian Common Bean Cultivars." Molecules 27, no. 11 (2022): 3500. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27113500.

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Eleven indanoyl derivatives were synthesized and, along with methyl jasmonate, evaluated as isoflavonoid-phytoalexin elicitors in two cultivars of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cvs. ICA-Cerinza and Uribe Rosado, tolerant and susceptible to anthracnose, respectively). Indanoyl derivatives (an ester, two amides, and eight indanoyl-amino acid conjugates) were obtained from 1-oxo-indane-4-carboxylic acid. In general, the accumulation of isoflavonoid-type phytoalexins, such as isoflavones (genistein, daidzein, and 2′-hydroxygenistein), isoflavanones (dalbergioidin and kievitone), isoflavan (phaseollinisoflavan), coumestrol, and pterocarpans (phaseollidin and phaseollin), was dependent on the common bean cultivar, the post-induction time, and the elicitor structure. Isoflavones, dalbergioidin, and coumestrol reached their highest amounts during the first 48 to 72 h, whereas kievitone, phaseollinisoflavano, and the pterocarpans reached maximum levels between 72 and 96 h. The 1-oxo-indanoyl-L-isoleucine methyl ester elicited the highest levels of phytoalexins (similar to those elicited by the methyl jasmonate) and showed no significant phytotoxic effects on common bean seedlings. The indanoyl-type synthetic elicitor, 1-oxo-indanoyl-L-isoleucine methyl ester, may represent a promising agronomic alternative for disease control in common bean by enhancing the accumulation of antimicrobial isoflavonoid phytoalexins.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Eliciteur"

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Kati, Djamel Edine. "Mécanismes de défense chez les végétaux et notion d'élicitation : cas de Cucumis melo et d'un Stimulateur des Défenses Naturelles le «FEN560»." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20007.

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Nos travaux de recherches de thèse portent sur une étude comparative entre le déclanchement des mécanismes de défense in planta de la plante de melon après élicitation biotique, et un traitement avec un produit ayant des propriétés de Stimulateur des Défenses Naturelles (SDN). Le pathosystème étudié est Cucumis melo - Fusarium Oxysporum melonis. L'éliciteur abiotique SDN utilisé codé FEN560 est un extrait de graines de fenugrec (Trigonella foenum-graecum). Les principaux travaux sont : 1) L'analyse des activités enzymatiques relatives au stress et caractérisation d'enzymes PR. 2) L'étude des métabolites du métabolisme secondaire, notamment la production l'accumulation des composés organiques volatiles (COV). 3) Une étude de l'expression de gènes candidats impliqués dans la production de ces PR-protéines et/ou dans les voie de signalisation est aussi entreprise ; Les principaux résultats se traduisent par (i) une précocité et intensité de l'induction des activités enzymatiques étudiées pour les deux variétés et pour les organes d'un même plant (ii) Le priming est généralement observé au niveau du site de la seconde élicitation (infection FOM) avec une induction remarquable des PR-protéines. (iii) L'élicitation est Systémique, car l'induction se transmet mais à moindre intensité sur les intervalles de temps étudiés. (iv) L'augmentation de l'émission des COV coïncide avec l'induction de la LOX. Il est aussi noté l'émission de nouvelles molécules connus par leurs propriétés antibiotique ou répulsive des insectes herbivores ou attractive des prédateurs d'insectes herbivores. Les résultats sur les expressions des gènes candidats sont corrélés avec les activités enzymatiques et la production des composés organiques. Il en est ressorti que l'induction de la résistance par le traitement par pulvérisation de FEN560 est similaire au phénomène de « primig » dans la résistance systémique induite<br>This work is a comparative study between defense mechanisms in melon plant induced by biotic elicitor and treatment by plant extract having simulative proprieties of plant defense mechanisms. The studied pathosystème is Cucumis melo - Fusarium oxysporum fsp melonis. The used plant extract elicitor is named FEN560, it is from fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenum-graecum). The main works were: 1) Analysis of the enzymatic activities relating to the stress and characterization of PR-proteins sch as peroxidases and chitinases. The lipoxygenase (LOX), the key enzyme of oxylipins biosynthesis and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, the key enzyme of the phenylpropanoids pathway, were also studyed. 2) The study of the metabolites of the secondary metabolism, in particular accumulation of volatile organic compounds (VOC). 3) A study of expression candidate genes implied in the production of Pr-proteins and the induced resistance pathways is also undertaken. The main results: (i) precocity and intensity of enzymatic activities induction for the two varieties after inoculation of pretreated plants (ii) the priming is generally observed in the site of the second elicitation with a remarkable induction of PR-proteins. (iii) The elicitation induced by FEN560 is systemic; because induction is transmitted between roots and shoots (iv) The modification of VOC emissions coincides with the induction of the LOX activity. It is also noticed the emission of new molecules known for their antibiotic properties or repulsive of the insects herbivorous or attractive of predatory of herbivorous insects. The results on the genes candidates' expression are in general correlated with the enzymatic activities and the production of the volatile organic compounds through LOX activity. In brief, the induction of resistance by the treatment by FEN560 is similar to the phenomenon of &quot;primig&quot; in induced systemic resistance
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DUBOIS, DAUPHIN ROBIN. "Contribution à l'étude des propriétés phytoactives des engrais foliaires d'algues marines : identification d'un signal eliciteur." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10110.

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Les bases moleculaires des proprietes phytoactives de polysaccharides d'algues marines ont ete analysees : en particulier, le potentiel eliciteur d'une creme d'algue ga14 (laboratoires goemar, st malo) preparee a partir d'ascophyllum nodosum ont ete rapportees a un composant fucoidane. Les proprietes biologiques de ce produit nomme pha-ac ont ete testees sur des suspensions de protoplastes ou de cellules de rubus fruticosus l. Pha-ac initialise rapidement des reponses physiologiques impliquees dans la defense des vegetaux (activation de phenylalanine-ammoniac lyase, de proteines liees a la pathogenese (d-glycohydrolases, inhibiteur de protease. . ) ou bien dans leur croissance et/ ou developpement (induction d'amylase, d'inhibiteur de protease bifonctionnel, elicitation de composes benzoiques. . . ). L'identification (par hplc-pda) des produits reactionnels issus d'un complexe membranaire pal elicite par pha-ac ac a des cinnamates (acides p-coumarique, ferulique) et a des benzoates (acides vanillique et isovanillique, aldehydes 3-methoxybenzoique, salicylique, syringique et vanilline) dont certains sont connus pour leur fonction hormonale a ete realisee. L'etude des relations structure-activite biologique, de la modulation des reponses par des inhibiteurs transcriptionnels/ post-transcriptionnels fait apparaitre que pha-ac est bien un signal eliciteur. Les retombees biotechnologiques du travail sont abordees avec la possibilite d'integrer le fucoidane (sous la forme de sa structure efficace ou de derives ou d'analogues) dans la formulation de produits phytosanitaires ou de biostimulants non toxiques pour l'environnement.
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Varet, Anne. "Caractérisation de deux gènes d'arabidopsis thaliana possédant des similarités de séquence avec le gène NDR1 d'arabidopsis et de gène HIN1 du tabac." Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INAP0007.

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Le gène NDR1 est requis pour la résistance à P. S. Pv. Tomato DC3000 exprimant avrB, avrRpm1, avrRpt2 ou avrPphB et à certaines souches de Peronospora parasitica chez Arabidapsis. L'expression de NDR1 est induite par la bactérie Pseudomonas syringae et la proteine NDR1 partage des similarités de séquences avec le produit du gène HIN1 du tabac. L'expression du gène HIN1 est induite par les harpines et des bactéries élicitant la réaction d'hypersensibilité chez le Tabac. Les fonctions biochimiques de NDR1 et HIN1 restent à déterminer. Des recherches dans les banques de données révèlent qu'il existe chez Arabidopsis une large famille de gènes présentant des similarités de séquences avec NDR1 et HIN1 (gènes NHLs pour NDR1/HIN1-like). Dans ce travail, nous avons caractérisé deux de ces gènes, NHL3 et NHL25, dont l'expression est induite lors d'interactions incompatibles impliquant la bactérie Pseudomonas syringue pv. Tomato DC3000 et l'écotype Columbia d'Arabidopsis thaliana. L'analyse de leur profil d'expression chez des mutants d'Arabidopsis affectés dans certaines réponses de défense, a mis en évidence que les deux voies de transduction conduisant à l'accumulation de leurs transcrits suite à la reconnaisance d'un éliciteur bactérien sont probablément nouvelles. L'expression de NHL25 est induite par des éliciteurs race-spécifiques et par l'éliciteur race-non-spécifique NPP1, qui provoque l'apparition de nécroses semblabes à la réaction d'hypersensibilité chez Arabidopsis. Ainsi, nous avons proposé que le gène NHL25 soit considéré comme un marqueur de la mort cellulaire. L'accumulation des transcripts de NHL3 semble être réprimée par un suppresseur secrété par la bactérie Pseudomonas syringae pv. Tomato DC3000 via le système de sécrétion de type III. D'autre part, la surexpression de NHL3 dans des plantes d'Arabidapsis a révélé l'existence d'une corrélation stricte entre l'élévation des niveaux de transcrits de NHL3 et l'augmentation de la résistance à Pseudomonas syringae pv. Tomato DC3000, et nous avons montré que NHL3 est une protéine membranaire glycosylée. L'ensemble de ces résultats indique que NHL3 contribue à la résistance aux bactéries chez Arabidopsis. En conclusion, ce travail a révélé des rôles distincts pour les gènes NHL3 et NHL25 dans les réponses de défense chez Arabidopsis.
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TRENTIN, FLORENCE. "Analyse de la specialisation parasitaire de p. Parasitica a l'egard du tabac; etude de l'implication d'un eliciteur proteique." Paris 11, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA112374.

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A l'aide d'un test original d'inoculation racinaire sur plantules, l'etude du comportement de phytophthora parasitica a l'egard du tabac a montre l'existence de 3 types d'isolats, 1) des isolats non parasites du tabac secretant une proteine, la parasiticeine elicitrice de reactions de defense et d'hypersensibilite chez le tabac; 2) des isolats specifiquement infeodes au tabac ne secretant pas de parasiticeine; 3) des isolats pathogenes a la fois sur tabac, illet et/ou tomate; ils produisent de la parasiticeine et ont une agressivite plus faible que les precedents. L'homogeneite taxonomique de ces differentes souches a ete etablie par l'absence de polymorphisme de l'adn repetitif, (nouvelle technique de caracterisation des especes de phytophthora) et confirmee par l'obtention d'hybrides. L'expression du pouvoir pathogene et la production de parasiticeine a ete etudiee chez les produits de la reproduction sexuee. Quelques recombinants, pathogenes et produisant la parasiticeine ont ete obtenus. Aucun ne manifeste une forte agressivite sur tabac. Le gene de la parasiticeine pourrait etre present mais non exprime chez les isolats specialises a l'egard de cette plante. Malgre les difficultes d'apprehender par un meme test, l'envahissement des tissus et les reactions necrotiques induites par la parasiticeine, ainsi que les problemes lies au mode de reproduction de ce champignon heterothallique, nous pouvons conclure que l'absence de production de parasiticeine est un facteur specifique d'agressivite a l'egard du tabac qui, de facon encore inexpliquee, s'accompagne d'une specialisation a l'egard de cet hote
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BAILLIEUL, FABIENNE. "Mecanismes de defense des plantes vis-a-vis des agents pathogenes : etude de la reaction d'hypersensibilite a l'aide d'un modele d'interaction plante-eliciteur." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STR13001.

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La reaction d'hypersensibilite (rh) est un mecanisme complexe de defense induit par une plante suite a l'infection par des agents pathogenes de nature variee. La rh implique la mort de cellules vegetales, l'expression de toute une batterie de reponses de defense, dont l'induction d'une resistance systemique acquise, regulees par des signaux endogenes. L'interconnection entre ces differents evenements est encore mal connue ainsi que leur base moleculaire. Une glycoproteine et deux holoproteines de la famille des elicitines ont ete isolees du champignon phytophthora megasperma h20 et caracterisees: elles sont serologiquement reliees, presentent des homologies de sequence, et sont produites par plusieurs especes du champignon. Ces proteines induisent une rh chez le tabac. Les mecanismes moleculaires de la rh induite par la glycoproteine ont ete particulierement etudies. Une analyse fine a revele une expression spatio-temporelle differentielle de genes de defense. Trois classes de genes ont ete definies: les genes dont l'expression a lieu rapidement dans les cellules percevant l'eliciteur mais avant leur mort ; les genes s'exprimant plus tardivement dans les cellules situees au-dela des precedentes apres leur mort ; les genes du metabolisme oxydatif. La production d'acide salicylique est induite, qui pourrait etre un signal important dans la regulation de la deuxieme classe de genes. L'expression du processus de mort n'est pas necessaire a l'induction de tous les genes de defense, mais semble indispensable a la production des signaux mobiles regulant l'expression des defenses a courte et longue distances. Ni la glycoproteine, ni l'acide salicylique ne sont le signal migrant a courte distance. Par contre, des formes activees de l'oxygene reguleraient negativement un tel signal. Le clonage du gene de la glycoproteine a ete entrepris dans le but de tester une nouvelle strategie de protection des plantes contre un large spectre de microbes et consistant a faire exprimer par une plante un tel eliciteur de maniere controlee
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Koçi, Rromir. "Valorisation d'un co-produit d'extraction de l'agar à partir de l'algue rouge Gelidium sesquipedale en tant que stimulateur de défenses de plantes. Caractérisation chimique et évaluation de ses propriétés en vue d'applications en biocontrôle." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Limoges, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LIMO0007.

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Les co-produits industriels de la première étape d’extraction d’agar (de l’algue rouge Gelidium sesquipedale) constituent au sein de l’entreprise SETEXAM des volumes importants potentiellement valorisables. L’objectif de ce travail est de démontrer qu’ils peuvent être utilisés en tant qu‘éliciteur, ou stimulateur des défenses naturelles (SDN). D’abord, la composition élémentaire du co-produit alcalin a révélé une teneur en minéraux de 44 % (Na, K éléments majeurs) avec des traces de métaux lourds, mais en dessous de la limite autorisée. Les principaux composés organiques détectés sont des glucides (12,5 %) et une fraction riche en floridoside a été obtenue. Ce composé a été identifié par une méthode originale, la CPG-MS. Le co-produit alcalin, recyclé au cours du procédé industriel, voit sa teneur en glucides diminuer avec l’augmentation du nombre de cycles. Ces co-produits, appliqués sur des plants de tomates cultivées en serre sous stress biotique, sont capables de stimuler des réponses de défense (activités enzymatiques, expression des gènes). La dose optimale (50 mg.L-1) a été déterminée ainsi que les conditions d’applications et la durée d’activation des réponses. En plein champ, les co-produits ont été testés sur vigne et sur tomate, pour leur capacité à réduire les symptômes du mildiou, ou de la cladosporiose. Des résultats prometteurs ont été obtenus comparés à des éliciteurs déjà commercialisés, en conditions de pression modérée. Le co-produit issu de la première étape d’extraction industrielle d’agar a montré une activité comme SDN et peut constituer une solution de protection des cultures permettant une réduction des pesticides pour une agriculture durable et plus respectueuse de l’environnement. Ce travail constitue une base pour un dossier d’homologation du produit qui transformerait ces co-produits de coût en ressource pour l’entreprise<br>The industrial by-products of the first step of agar extraction (from red alga Gelidium sesquipedale) constitute large volumes at SETEXAM company that might be valorized. The objective of this work is to prove that they can be used as elicitor, or plant defense stimulator (PDS). Firstly, the elemental composition of the alkaline by-product revealed a mineral content of 44% (Na, K major components) with heavy metal traces, but under authorized limits. The principal organic components detected are carbohydrates (12.5%) and a fraction rich in floridoside was obtained. This molecule was identified with an original method, through GC-MS. The alkaline by-product, recycled through the industrial process, has its carbohydrate content diminished as the number of cycles increases. These by-products, applied on tomato plants grown in greenhouse under biotic stress, are capable of stimulating defense responses (enzymatic activities, gene expression). The optimal dose (50 mg.L-1) was determined together with the application conditions and time span of responses. In field, the by-products were tested on grapevine and on tomato, for their capacity to reduce downy mildew, or leaf mold symptoms. Promising results were obtained compared to already commercialized elicitors, for moderate disease pressure. The by-product obtained from the first step of industrial agar extraction showed a PDS activity and can be a solution for culture defense allowing a reduction of pesticides for a durable and environmentally friendly agriculture. This work is a base for a homologation file of the product that would transform these by-products from cost to resource for the company
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Boissy, Guillaume. "Structure cristalline resolue a 2,2 angstrom par la methode mad d'un eliciteur fongique secrete par phytophthora cryptogea et membre d'une nouvelle famille de proteines necrotiques." Paris 6, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA066049.

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Les elicitines constituent une nouvelle classe de proteines necrotiques qui sont secretees par les champignons du genre phytophtora et pythium, parasites de nombreuses especes agricoles. Ces proteines de 10 kda induisent des necroses foliaires dans les plantes infectees et provoquent une reaction d'hypersensibilite conduisant au developpement d'une resistance systemique acquise contre une gamme d'organismes pathogenes bacteriens et fongiques. La determination de la structure cristalline de la beta-cryptogeine (cry), secretee par phytophthora cryptogea, a ete entreprise pour identifier les motifs structuraux importants pour l'activite necrotique. L'absence d'homologie de sequence avec des proteines de structure connue nous a amenes a utiliser la methode du remplacement isomorphe. La recherche de derives lourds isomorphes n'a fourni qu'un derive platine de faible pouvoir phasant. Nous avons ainsi resolu la structure de la cry par la methode de phasage mad (diffusion anomale a plusieurs longueurs d'onde). Nous avons collecte quatre jeux de donnees au voisinage du seuil d'absorption liii du platine sur la ligne d2am de l'esrf (grenoble). L'affinement des parametres par maximum de vraisemblance a l'aide du programme sharp et l'addition des donnees d'un cristal natif au calcul des phases ont ete decisifs pour l'obtention d'une carte de densite electronique interpretable. Le modele atomique a ete affine a 2,2 angstrom. Le repliement de la cry ne montre de similarites de topologie avec aucune autre proteine. La structure consiste en six helices et un motif en bec-de-cane, dont la sequence est hautement conservee dans la famille des elicitines, compose d'un feuillet beta antiparallele et d'une boucle omega. On suppose que ce motif est un site majeur de reconnaissance pour un recepteur ou/et un ligand potentiel(s). Nous avons identifie deux autres sites de liaison semblant etre correles au niveau d'activite necrotique des elicitines
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Castilleux, Romain. "Role des extensines et leur glycosylation dans la défense racinaire." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR099/document.

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Les extensines sont des glycoprotéines pariétales appartenant à la famille des HRGPs (Hydroxyprolin-rich glycoproteins) impliquées dans plusieurs fonctions telles que la croissance, le développement et la défense des plantes contre les pathogènes. Toutefois, leur mode d’action dans la réponse immunitaire végétale n’est pas encore bien connu et reste à élucider. Les extensines interviennent dans le renforcement de la paroi, un des premiers remparts cellulaires contre les pathogènes, en se liant entre elles de manière intra- et intermoléculaire. Ce « cross-linking » est catalysé par des enzymes peroxydases spécifiques et nécessite une correcte conformation des extensines, laquelle est conférée par leur partie glycosylée. Dans ce projet de thèse, nous avons donc entrepris d’étudier l’impact de la glycosylation des extensines sur la défense racinaire et tenté de caractériser, de manière préliminaire, des peroxydases potentiellement impliquées dans le « cross-linking » chez Arabidopsis thaliana. Des techniques d’immunocytochimie réalisées sur une sélection de mutants affectés dans la glycosylation des extensines ont révélé une modulation de la distribution des extensines dans la racine d’A. thaliana en réponse à une élicitation avec un peptide bactérien, la flagelline 22. L’un des résultats majeurs de cette étude a été de montrer l’importance de l’arabinosylation des extensines dans la colonisation de la racine par l’oomycète pathogène Phytophthora parasitica. Ainsi, l’ensemble de ces résultats nous apermis d’élaborer un modèle proposant d’illustrer l’importance de l’arabinosylation des extensines dans l’organisation et l’architecture de la paroi, modulant ainsi l’adhésion du pathogène sur les cellules de la racine et influençant in fine la colonisation de cette dernière<br>Extensins are cell wall glycoproteins involved in various biological processes including plantprotection. However, their mode of action in plant immunity response is not clearly established and remains to be elucidated. Extensins are able to strengthen the cell wall, one of the first cellular barriers against pathogens, through intra- and intermolecular cross-links. This cross-linking is catalysed by specific peroxidase enzymes and requires a correct conformation of extensins conferred by their glycan moiety. This PhD project aimed to investigate the impact of extensin glycosylation in root defence and to characterize, as a preliminary study, the peroxidases potentially involved in the extensin crosslinking in Arabidopsis thaliana. Through immunocytochemistry techniques on mutants impaired withextensin glycosylation, we have revealed that a modulation of extensin distribution occurs in A. thaliana root in response to elicitation with the bacterial peptide, flagellin 22. We have also showed that extensin arabinosylation plays a major role, although probably indirect, in the root colonization by the pathogen oomycete Phytophthora parasitica. We have therefore elaborated a model proposing to illustrate the importance of extensin arabinosylation in the cell wall organization and architecture,modulating pathogen adhesion on root cells and influencing in fine root colonization
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Larroque, Mathieu. "Mécanismes de surveillance de l'intégrité pariétale et rôle dans l'induction des réponses de défense chez les plantes." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1728/.

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Les oomycètes sont des organismes filamenteux eucaryotes distincts phylogénétiquement des champignons, dont la plupart sont phytopathogènes. CBEL est une glycoprotéine pariétale de l'oomycète Phythophthora parasitica, pouvant se lier à la cellulose et induire l'expression de gènes de défense ainsi que la mort cellulaire chez la plante modèle Arabidopsis thaliana. Cette protéine est constituée de deux régions séparées par une région charnière riche en thréonine proline. Chaque région protéique présente un motif de liaison à la cellulose (CBM1) et un motif PAN-Apple impliqué dans des interactions protéines/protéines ou protéines/polysaccharides. Ce travail de thèse visait à décrypter les mécanismes moléculaires impliqués dans la reconnaissance de CBEL par les végétaux. Dans un premier temps, une analyse in silico a permis de dresser le répertoire complet des protéines eucaryotes à motif CBM1. A contrario des champignons, les oomycètes expriment majoritairement des protéines à motifs CBM1 en association avec des domaines non-catalytiques, suggérant un rôle particulier pour ces protéines chez les oomycètes. Bien que la signature protéique des CBM1 d'oomycètes soit distincte de celle des champignons par la position des cystéines impliquées dans le repliement du domaine et la nature des acides aminés aromatiques responsable de la fixation de la cellulose, la modélisation du CBM1 de CBEL a révélé qu'il pouvait s'associer à la cellulose de façon similaire à un CBM1 fongique. Cette étude a montré que les protéines à domaines CBM1 d'oomycètes sont distinctes de celles des champignons, et présentent une histoire évolutive distincte. Dans un second temps, une production en masse de l'éliciteur a été réalisée dans la levure Pichia pastoris. La protéine hétérologue CBEL conserve les activités biologiques de la protéine native, ce qui a permis une approche de criblage de lignées d'A. Thaliana pour préciser les mécanismes moléculaires impliqués dans sa reconnaissance. De façon surprenante, les réponses de défenses induites par CBEL chez Arabidopsis sont sujettes à une forte variabilité naturelle. La production d'espèces activées de l'oxygène (ROS) liée à la NADPHoxidase est apparue indépendante de la mise en place de la mort cellulaire. En réponse à CBEL, ces deux voies de signalisations agissent en synergie dans l'activation de l'expression de gènes chez A. Thaliana. Enfin, l'utilisation de mutant d'A. Thaliana a montré l'implication de récepteurs like kinase tels BAK1/SERK3 dans la réponse à CBEL. Cette étude a permis de proposer un modèle d'interconnexion des voies de défenses en réponse à CBEL chez A. Thaliana<br>Oomycetes are filamentous eukaryots phylogenetically distinct from fungi and most of them are plant pathogens. CBEL is a cell wall protein of the oomycete Phythophthora parasitica, that is able to bind cellulose and induce defense genes expression as well as cell death on the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. This protein is constituted of two distinct regions linked by a Thr/Pro rich linker. Each region owns a cellulose binding module (CBM1) and a PAN-Apple domain involved in protein/protein or polysaccharides/proteins interactions. This thesis work aimed at deciphering the molecular mechanisms involved in the recognition of CBEL by plants. In a first time, an in silico analysis allowed us to list the complete repertory of eukaryotic proteins containing CBM1. In contrary to fungi, oomyctes mainly express CBM1 domain associated to non-catalytic domain, meaning a specific role for CBM1 in oomyctes. Although oomyctes CBM1 pattern differ from fungal one on position of critical cysteins for correct folding and aromatic amino acids involved in substrate binding, the modelisation of CBEL's CBM1 revealed it could bind cellulose in a similar way compared to fungal CBM1. This study showed that CBM1 proteins from oomyctes differ from the ones in fungi that is probably the consequence of different evolutive histories. In a second time, mass production of the elicitor was performed in the yeast Pichia pastoris. Heterologous protein CBEL keep similar biological activities compared to the native protein that allowed to screen A. Thaliana lines for identifying molecular players involved in its recognition. Surprisingly, CBEL-induced responses CBEL in Arabidopsis suffer from a strong natural variation. Reactive oxygene species production linked to the NADPHoxidase was independent on the set up of cell death. In response to CBEL, these two signaling pathways act in synergy on defense genes expression in A. Thaliana. Indeed, the use of A. Thaliana mutants showed that receptor like kinase as BAK1/SERK3 were involved in the response to CBEL. This study enabled us to draw a model of the defense signaling network in response to CBEL in A. Thaliana
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Cosse, Audrey. "Analyse du transcriptome des réponses de défense de l'algue brune Laminaria digitata." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003673.

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Alors que la base des interactions hôte-pathogène chez les plantes terrestres sont désormais très bien décrites, que ce soit au niveau physiologique, métabolique ou moléculaire, chez les macroalgues marines les investigations n'en sont qu'à leur début. Chez l'algue brune L. digitata, les études sur les réponses de défense suite à l'élicitation par les oligoguluronates, ont permis d'appréhender la transduction du signal conduisant à la production d'un burst oxydant, ainsi que la mise en place tardive de la résistance. Le métabolisme halogéné est particulièrement actif chez cette algue. Il semble être impliqué dans les réponses de défense comme en témoigne l'émission d'iode moléculaire et de composés organiques halogénés volatils, suite à l'élicitation par les oligoguluronates. Dans ce contexte, j'ai étudié la régulation du transcriptome de L. digitata en réponse à l'élicitation par les oligoguluronates, par hybridation soustractive suppressive, macroarray et PCR Quantitative. J'ai ainsi identifié dix gènes codant notamment des haloperoxydases, des thiorédoxines et des enzymes de la voie des pentoses phosphates. L'induction de ces gènes suite à l'élicitation suggère une gestion originale du stress oxydant chez L. digitata. L'implication du métabolisme halogéné dans les réponses de défense a été mise en avant par l'expression différentielle de certains gènes codant des haloperoxydases. La régulation spécifique de certains de ces gènes apporte la première preuve expérimentale que les différents membres d'haloperoxydases ont évolué vers des fonctions biologiques spécifiques. L'identification de ces gènes comme marqueurs moléculaires des réponses de défense a permis d'établir la première modélisation de la signalisation intracellulaire conduisant à l'activation de gènes de défense de L. digitata et de souligner le rôle du peroxyde d'hydrogène dans plusieurs voies distinctes. Les outils développés et les marqueurs moléculaires identifiés permettront d'approfondir la compréhension des réponses de défense des macroalgues dans le contexte des interactions biotiques et de la signalisation à distance.
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Books on the topic "Eliciteur"

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Elicited metaphor analysis in educational discourse. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2015.

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Wan, Wan, and Graham Low, eds. Elicited Metaphor Analysis in Educational Discourse. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/milcc.3.

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Schiopu, Nicolae. Transient evoked otoacoustic emissions elicited by bone-conducted ultrasonic stimuli. National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999.

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Arcidiacono, Peter. Modeling college major choices using elicited measures of expectations and counterfactuals. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2010.

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Monteiro, Andre Antonio. Blood flow change in human masseter muscle elicited by voluntary isometric contraction. Karolinska Institutet, 1990.

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Zhao, Quan. Topiramate action on the L-type calcium current elicited from transfected HEK 293 cells. National Library of Canada, 2003.

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Scarpa, Federica. Contrastive analysis and second language learners' errors: An analysis of C-test data elicited from beginners in Italian. Centre for Language and Communication Studies, T.C.D., 1990.

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Lu, Huogen. Characterization of a suppressor of elicitor-induced necrosis from intercellular fluids of tomato leaves infected with Cladosporium fulvum. National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1993.

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Harms-Ringdahl, Karin. On assessment of shoulder exercise and load-elicited pain in the cervical spine: Biomechanical analysis of load, EMG, methodological studies of pain provoked by extreme position. Distributed by the Almqvist & Wiksell Periodical Co., 1986.

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Egidius. Liber iste que[m] lege[n]dum proponimus: Liber est noue institutionis et studiose conpositio[n]is artificio de antiquorum sente[n]tijs elicitus [et] exortus : in quo p [u]b[l]icalis scientie resulta[n]t archana [et] secreta indicia vrinarum contine[n]tur ... s.l., 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Eliciteur"

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Félix-Brasdefer, J. César, and Maria Hasler-Barker. "Elicited Data." In The Routledge Handbook of Pragmatics. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315668925-4.

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Hayley, Shawn, Zul Merali, and Hymie Anisman. "Cytokine-Elicited Sensitization." In Cytokines and Mental Health. Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0323-1_11.

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Tresilian, James. "Stimulus-Elicited Behavior." In Sensorimotor Control and Learning. Macmillan Education UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-00511-3_5.

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Hahn, Michael G. "Oligosaccharide Elicitors and Elicitor Receptors." In Current Issues in Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology. Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0307-7_5.

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Mas-Herrero, Ernest. "Auditory pleasure elicited by music." In The Routledge International Handbook of Neuroaesthetics. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003008675-8.

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Nalbach, Hans-Ortwin. "Visually Elicited Escape in Crabs." In Frontiers in Crustacean Neurobiology. Birkhäuser Basel, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-5689-8_18.

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Ebel, Jürgen, and Dierk Scheel. "Elicitor Recognition and Signal Transduction." In Genes Involved in Plant Defense. Springer Vienna, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6684-0_8.

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Weidner, Florian. "A User-elicited Gesture Set." In S3D Dashboard. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-35147-2_9.

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Witham, Francis H., and David L. Gustine. "Binding a Phytoalexin Elicitor to DNA." In ACS Symposium Series. American Chemical Society, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1991-0449.ch022.

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Prévost, Philippe. "3. Elicited Production of Object Clitics." In Assessing Multilingual Children, edited by Sharon Armon-Lotem, Jan de Jong, and Natalia Meir. Multilingual Matters, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21832/9781783093137-005.

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Conference papers on the topic "Eliciteur"

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Schwartz, Dan, and Tom Mitchell. "Understanding language-elicited." In Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of the North. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/n19-1005.

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Li, Ying, Jose D. Contreras, and Luis J. Salazar. "Predicting Voice Elicited Emotions." In KDD '15: The 21th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2783258.2788619.

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Noureddine, B., N. Nassikas, and D. W. Martin. "Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole-Elicited Methemoglobinemia." In American Thoracic Society 2021 International Conference, May 14-19, 2021 - San Diego, CA. American Thoracic Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2021.203.1_meetingabstracts.a2971.

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Sachs, Nicholas A., Eli L. Chang, and James D. Weiland. "Kinematics of Electrically Elicited Eyelid Movement." In Conference Proceedings. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2006.260312.

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Sachs, Nicholas A., Eli L. Chang, and James D. Weiland. "Kinematics of Electrically Elicited Eyelid Movement." In Conference Proceedings. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2006.4397923.

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Johnstone, Tom. "Emotional speech elicited using computer games." In 4th International Conference on Spoken Language Processing (ICSLP 1996). ISCA, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/icslp.1996-466.

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Ghose, Aditya, and Qiuming Lin. "Viewpoints Merging via Incrementally Elicited Ranked Structures." In 2006 Sixth International Conference on Quality Software (QSIC'06). IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/qsic.2006.68.

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Saerbeck, Martin, and Christoph Bartneck. "Perception of affect elicited by robot motion." In Proceeding of the 5th ACM/IEEE international conference. ACM Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1734454.1734473.

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Zhai, Xiu, Alireza Ghahari, and John D. Enderle. "Characteristics of Auditory and Visual Elicited Saccades." In 2013 39th Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference (NEBEC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nebec.2013.63.

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Huang, Chengwei, Yun Jin, Yan Zhao, Yinhua Yu, and Li Zhao. "Recognition of Practical Emotion from Elicited Speech." In 2009 First International Conference on Information Science and Engineering. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icise.2009.875.

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Reports on the topic "Eliciteur"

1

Arcidiacono, Peter, V. Joseph Hotz, and Songman Kang. Modeling College Major Choices using Elicited Measures of Expectations and Counterfactuals. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w15729.

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Joel, Daniel M., John C. Steffens, and Alfred M. Mayer. Host-Elicited Germination and Mechanism of Penetration in Broomrape (Orobanche Spp.). United States Department of Agriculture, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568107.bard.

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Orobanche is an important parasitic weed. For developing novel methods for its control, a thorough understanding of crucial stages of its development is needed. Therefore, the objectives of this project were characterization of Orobanche germination stimulants, analysis of mechanisms of haustorial penetration, and characterization and isolation of penetration enzymes. The first highly potent natural germination stimulant for Orobanche was isolated from sunflower and identified by high-field 1D (1H and 13C), 2D (1H-1H COSY, HMQC, HMBC)-NMR, GC.FT-IR, and GC.MS as costuslactone, a guaiane type sesquiterpene lactone that resembles strigol only in possessing a lactone moiety that is required for activity. The first direct in situ evidence for the enzymatic nature of the infection process of a parasitic angiosperm was established. Pectin deesterification and depletion of pectins in host cell walls were shown adjacent to haustorial cells. Pectin methyl esterase and polygalacturonase were immunocytochemically detected in intrusive cells and in adjacent host apoplast. Orobanche tissues contain inhibitors of PGase activity. PME and three PGases were isolated from Orobanche calli. PME was characterized and purified, and antibodies were prepared against it. This study presents novel findings regarding parasitism in Orobanche, which may help to open up new approaches for controlling broomrapes.
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Leiss, K. A., M. Noordam, and Y. Cuesta Arenas. Meeldauwprogrammeringstudie : studie mangaan en elicitor/groene gewasbeschermingsmiddelenover verschillende plant-meeldauwsystemen heen. Stichting Wageningen Research, Wageningen Plant Research, Business unit Glastuinbouw, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/472005.

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Blass, Asher, Saul Lach, and Charles Manski. Using Elicited Choice Probabilities to Estimate Random Utility Models: Preferences for Electricity Reliability. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w14451.

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Maia, Maercio, Abrahão Baptista, Patricia Vanzella, Pedro Montoya, and Henrique Lima. Neural correlates of the perception of emotions elicited by dance movements. A scope review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.2.0086.

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Review question / Objective: The main question of the study is "how do dance neuroscience studies define and assess emotions?" The main objective is to establish, through the available literature, a scientific overview of studies in dance neuroscience that address the perception of emotions in the context of neuroaesthetics. Specifically, it is expected to verify if there is methodological homogeneity in studies involving the evaluation of emotions within the context of dance neuroscience; whether the definition of emotion is shared in these studies and, furthermore, whether in multimodal studies in which dance and music are concomitantly present, whether there is any form of distinction between the contribution of each language on the perception of emotions evoked by the stimulus.
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Sonmez, Kemal, Madelaine Plauche, Elizabeth Shriberg, and Horacio Franco. Consonant Discrimination in Elicited and Spontaneous Speech: A Case for Signal-adaptive Front Ends in ASR. Defense Technical Information Center, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada630638.

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Avni, Adi, and Kirankumar S. Mysore. Functional Genomics Approach to Identify Signaling Components Involved in Defense Responses Induced by the Ethylene Inducing Xyalanase Elicitor. United States Department of Agriculture, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7697100.bard.

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Plant-microbe interactions involve a large number of global regulatory systems, which are essential for plants to protect themselves against pathogen attack. An ethylene-inducing xylanase (EIX) of Trichoderma viride is a potent elicitor of plant defense responses, like hypersensitive response (HR), in specific cultivars of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). The central goal of this proposal was to investigate the molecular mechanisms that allow plants to specifically activate defense responses after EIX treatment. We proposed to identify cellular signaling components involved in the induction of HR by the EIX elicitor. The molecular genetic analysis of the signal transduction pathway that modulates hypersensitive responses is an important step in understanding the induction of plant defense responses. The genes that mediate LeEIX2-EIX dependent activation of resistance mechanisms remain to be identified. We used two approaches to identify the cellular signaling components that induce HR mediated by the EIX elicitor. In the first approach, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screening using LeEix2 as bait to identify plant proteins that interact with it. In the second approach, we used virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) for a high-throughput screen to identify genes that are required for the induction of LeEIX2-EIX mediated HR. VIGS will also be used for functional characterization of genes that will be identified during the yeast two-hybrid screen. This investigation will shed light on cellular processes and signaling components involved in induction of general plant defense against pathogens and will provide the basis for future biotechnological approaches to improve plant resistance to pathogens. Several genes were indentified by the two approaches. We used the VIGS and yeast two hybrid approaches to confirm that activity of the genes initially identified by different procedure. Two genes inhibit the induction of HR by the fungal elicitor in the different systems; Tobacco-Harpin binding protein 1 and cyclopropyl isomerase.
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8

Nelson, Sherry. Comparison of amounts of verbal response elicited by a speech pathologist and a mother in the clinic. Portland State University Library, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.1584.

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9

Guertin, Pierre, and Mario Vaillancourt. Tritherapy (Spinalon)-Elicited Spinal Locomotor Network Activation: Phase I-IIa Clinical Trial in Spinal Cord-Injured Patients. Defense Technical Information Center, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada617388.

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10

Loebenstein, Gad, William Dawson, and Abed Gera. Association of the IVR Gene with Virus Localization and Resistance. United States Department of Agriculture, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7604922.bard.

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We have reported that localization of TMV in tobacco cultivars with the N gene, is associated with a 23 K protein (IVR) that inhibited replication of several plant viruses. This protein was also found in induced resistant tissue of Nicotiana glutinosa x Nicotiana debneyi. During the present grant we found that TMV production is enhanced in protoplasts and plants of local lesion responding tobacco cultivars exposed to 35oC, parallel to an almost complete suppression of the production of IVR. We also found that IVR is associated with resistance mechanisms in pepper cultivars. We succeeded to clone the IVR gene. In the first attempt we isolated a clone - "101" which had a specific insert of 372 bp (the full length gene for the IVR protein of 23 kD should be around 700 bp). However, attempts to isolate the full length gene did not give clear cut results, and we decided not to continue with this clone. The amino acid sequence of the N-terminus of IVR was determined and an antiserum was prepared against a synthetic peptide representing amino acids residues 1-20 of IVR. Using this antiserum as well as our polyclonal antiserum to IVR a new clone NC-330 was isolated using lamba-ZAP library. This NC-330 clone has an insert of about 1 kB with an open reading frame of 596 bp. This clone had 86.6% homology with the first 15 amino acids of the N-terminal part of IVR and 61.6% homology with the first 23 amino acids of IVR. In the QIA expression system and western blotting of the expressed protein, a clear band of about 21 kD was obtained with IVR antiserum. This clone was used for transformation of Samsun tobacco plants and we have presently plantlets which were rooted on medium containing kanamycin. Hybridization with this clone was also obtained with RNA from induced resistant tissue of Samsun NN but not with RNA from healthy control tissue of Samsun NN, or infected or healthy tissue of Samsun. This further strengthens the previous data that the NC 330 clone codes for IVR. In the U.S. it was shown that IVR is induced in plants containing the N' gene when infected with mutants of TMV that elicit the HR. This is a defined system in which the elicitor is known to be due to permutations of the coat protein which can vary in elicitor strength. The objective was to understand how IVR synthesis is induced after recognition of elicitor coat protein in the signal transduction pathway that leads to HR. We developed systems to manipulate induction of IVR by modifying the elicitor and are using these elicitor molecules to isolate the corresponding plant receptor molecules. A "far-western" procedure was developed that found a protein from N' plants that specifically bind to elicitor coat proteins. This protein is being purified and sequenced. This objective has not been completed and is still in progress. We have reported that localization of TMV in tobacco cultivars with the N gene, is associated with a 23 K protein (IVR) that inhibited replication of several plant viruses. This protein was also found in induced resistant tissue of Nicotiana glutinosa x Nicotiana debneyi.
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