To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Elicitors of plant defense responses.

Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Elicitors of plant defense responses'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 35 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Elicitors of plant defense responses.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Gully, Kay. "The plant immune system : induction, memory and de-priming of defense responses by endogenous, exogenous and synthetic elicitors." Thesis, Angers, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ANGE0001/document.

Full text
Abstract:
En tant qu’organismes sessiles, les plantes doivent réagir rapidement et intensément, via des réponses défensives, pour repousser les pathogènes invasifs. Le système immunitaire des plantes peut être déclenché par des molécules élicitrices exogènes ou endogènes. Une autre classe d’éliciteurs, les éliciteurs synthétiques, contient également des composés promouvant une réponse défensive.Dans ce manuscrit, je décris la découverte et caractérisation d’une nouvelle famille de petits peptides endogènes potentiellement sécrétés(PROSCOOP), dont les membres incluent de petits peptides (SCOOP). Je démon
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Vasquez, de Beeching Rocio Gomez. "Plant defence responses in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) suspension cells challenged with elicitors." Thesis, University of Bath, 2000. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.760749.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Mejri, Samara. "Efficacités et modes d'action de nouveaux simulateurs de défenses des plantes sur le pathosystème blé-Zymoseptoria tritici." Thesis, Littoral, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018DUNK0481/document.

Full text
Abstract:
L'utilisation de biofongicides et de molécules stimulatrices des défenses des plantes (SDP) constituent des stratégies de lutte alternative permettant la réduction de l'utilisation des fongicides conventionnels. Toutefois, il n'existe que peu de produits homologués et appliqués sur blé et encore moins contre la septoriose. Dans le cadre de cette étude, nous avons testés et mis en évidence l'efficacité de protection du blé contre Zymoseptoria tritici de plusieurs molécules. En effet, 29 molécules biosourcées dérivées de la fonctionnalisation de l'acide pyroglutamique (PGA), contenu dans les mél
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Lancioni, Pietro <1980&gt. "Studies on biotic and abiotic elicitors inducing defense responses in tomato." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2009. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1980/.

Full text
Abstract:
Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., Solanum lycopersicon L.) is one of the most popular vegetable throughout the world, and the importance of its cultivation is threatened by a wide array of pathogens. In the last twenty years this plant has been successfully used as a model plant to investigate the induction of defense pathways after exposure to fungal, bacterial and abiotic molecules, showing triggering of different mechanisms of resistance. Understanding these mechanisms in order to improve crop protection is a main goal for Plant Pathology. The aim of this study was to search for gen
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Light, Fritz. "ALOE STRIATA PLANT DEFENSE COMPOUNDS PRODUCED IN RESPONSE TO JASMONIC ACID, SALICYLIC ACID, AND ERIOPHYID MITE SALIVARY EXTRACT ELICITOR COMPOUNDS." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2012. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/836.

Full text
Abstract:
Aloe mites are herbivores of the genus Aloe (ALOACEAE) and are associated with hyperplastic growth in various aloe species, but the biochemistry of this interaction is poorly understood. In an effort to characterize plant defense responses to herbivory in the genus Aloe, a salivary extract was isolated from aloe mites (Aceria aloinis Keifer) and its bioactivity was tested using a hypocotyl elongation assay. Subsequently, Aloe striata plants were treated with jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), and the mite salivary extract. Using water and methanol, compounds of different polarity were ex
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Perez, Fuentealba Set Madian <1981&gt. "Evaluation of Biofungicides and Plant Defense Elicitors against Bacterial Pathogens of Agronomic Importance." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7627/.

Full text
Abstract:
Plant bacterial diseases are nowadays routinely managed with scheduled treatments based on heavy metal compounds or, in the worst cases, on antibiotics; to overcome the environmental consequences linked to the use of these chemical compounds, such as pollution or selection of antibiotic resistant pathogens, an integrated control management is required. The use of bacterial antagonists, biological agents, plant defence response elicitors or resistant host plant genotypes play an important role in the frame of sustainable agriculture. In this work, the activity of plasma activated water (PAW) an
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Bi, Yong Mei. "Salicylic acid in plant defense responses." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/35437.

Full text
Abstract:
The importance of salicylic acid (SA) in both local resistance to pathogens and the subsequent establishment of systemic acquired resistance has been investigated in tobacco. In order to assess the role of SA in the plant defense response, it was decided to try to stop the accumulation of SA by expression of an enzyme able to degrade it. A gene encoding salicylate hydroxylase (SH-L) was cloned from Pseudomonas putida and shown to be functional in E. coli. This gene was fused to various plant promoters which should allow temporal and spatial alteration of salicylate accumulation in pathogen-cha
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Cruz, Miralles Joaquín. "Plant defense responses induced by phytoseiid predatory mites." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667321.

Full text
Abstract:
The ability of phytoseiids for inducing plant defensive responses was studied. First, the activation of citrus defense pathways in two rootstocks with different resistance to Tetranychus urticae, Citrus aurantium and C. reshni, was analysed. Metabolomic analyses showed that the jasmonic acid, salicylic acid and flavonoids defense pathways were modified depending on plant genotype and phytoseiid diet specialization. Second, attraction and repellence of volatiles released by citrus infested by phytoseiids was studied. This depended on the species of the predator triggering these responses. We al
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Montesano, Marcos. "Molecular characterization of plant defense responses to Erwinia carotovora." Helsinki : University of Helsinki, 2002. http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/mat/bioti/vk/montesano/.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Nitta, Yukino. "Regulation of plant defense responses downstream of PAMP receptors." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/51596.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
11

Becker, John van Wyk 1975. "Evaluation of the role of PGIPs in plant defense responses." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17476.

Full text
Abstract:
Dissertation (PhD)--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Plants have developed sophisticated means of combating plant diseases. The events that prepare the plant for, and follow plant-pathogenic interactions, are extremely complex and have been the topic of intensive investigation in recent years. These interactions involve a plethora of genes and proteins, and intricate regulation thereof; from the host and pathogen alike. Studying the contribution of single genes and their encoded proteins to the molecular dialogue between plant and pathogen has been a focus of plant
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
12

Arthur, Fareed Kow Nanse. "Defense responses to fungal challenge in alfalfa (medicago sativa L.) plants and tissue cultures." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385239.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
13

Griffitts, Amanda Aline. "Characterization of Host Plant Defense Responses to Parasitization by Orobanche aegyptiaca." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42763.

Full text
Abstract:
<I>Orobanche</I> (spp.) are parasitic plants that attack the roots of many important crops. <I>O. aegyptiaca</I> penetrates the host root (aided by digestive enzymes) and forms connections to the host vascular tissue, from which it will withdraw all of its water and nutrient requirements. In order to control this weed, it is important to understand the relationship between the host and the parasite. To investigate how parasitism effects host defense pathways, we are studying the patterns of expression of host genes known to be involved in various aspects of plant defense responses. With r
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
14

Christiansen, Katy M. "Characterization of defense responses in the Arabidopsis thaliana mutant enhanced disease resistance 1." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3330800.

Full text
Abstract:
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Biology, 2008.<br>Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Jul 23, 2009). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-10, Section: B, page: 5865. Adviser: Roger W. Innes.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
15

Vadapalli, Vatsala. "Role of N-Acylethanolamines in Plant Defense Responses: Modulation by Pathogens and Commercial Antimicrobial Stressors." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc30521/.

Full text
Abstract:
N-acyl ethanolamines (NAEs) are a class of lipids recently recognized as signaling molecules which are controlled, in part, by their degradation by fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). On the basis of previous studies indicating increased NAE levels in a tobacco cell suspension-xylanase elicitor exposure system and the availability of FAAH mutants, overexpressor and knockout (OE and KO) genotypes in Arabidopsis thaliana, further roles of NAEs in A. thaliana plant defense was investigated. The commonly occurring urban antimicrobial contaminant triclosan (TCS) has been shown to suppress lipid sign
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
16

Liu, Yilin. "Investigating insect molecular responses to two plant defense proteins and characterizing a novel insecticidal protein from Arabidopsis." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4855.

Full text
Abstract:
The molecular interaction between plants and insects is dynamic and multifaceted. We are interested in understanding the molecular mechanism that insects utilize to overcome plant defense proteins, as well as discovering novel plant insecticidal proteins. Three projects were developed. First, we evaluated the effects of soybean cysteine protease inhibitor (soyacystatin N, scN) on the growth and development in southern corn rootworm. Both subtractive suppressed hybridization (SSH) and cDNA microarray analyses were used to uncover the changes of gene expression profiles in southern corn rootworm
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
17

Bakaze, Elyeza [Verfasser], and Jens [Akademischer Betreuer] Wünsche. "Banana weevil borer (Cosmopolites sordidus) : plant defense responses and control options / Elyeza Bakaze ; Betreuer: Jens Wünsche." Hohenheim : Kommunikations-, Informations- und Medienzentrum der Universität Hohenheim, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1235068633/34.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
18

Schmelz, Eric Alexander. "The role of phytoecdysteroids in spinach (Spinacia oleracea): Physiological responses to below ground herbivory support a plant defense hypothesis." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/288960.

Full text
Abstract:
Polyhydroxylated steroids with insect molting hormone activity were discovered in plants over thirty years ago. The major endogenous molting hormone of insects is believed to be 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and interestingly, it is also the most commonly encountered phytoecdysteroid (PE) in plants. Ecdysteroids control developmental programs in both immature and adult insects however, the role of PEs in plants has not been demonstrated. PEs are hypothesized to function as either plant hormones or plant defenses against phytophagous insects. Many toxic secondary metabolites are concentrated in apic
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
19

Pedro, Uribe Mejia. "Dissection of defense responses of skl, an ethylene insensitive mutant of Medicago truncatula." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1241.

Full text
Abstract:
The interactions between Medicago truncatula and Phytophthora medicaginis were examined using skl, a mutant blocked in ethylene perception, and a range of wild accessions of this plant species. P. medicaginis infection of M. truncatula plants resulted in compatible responses, whereas the mutant genotype was found to be hyper-susceptible to the pathogen. Phytophthora reproduction and colonization rates of Medicago tissues supported this conclusion. Infection of skl with different pathogens reinforced this observation. Ethylene production in infected A17 and skl roots showed reduced ethylene e
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
20

Burdziej, Aleksandra. "Effect of selected elicitors on grapevine (Vitis vinifera) primary and secondary metabolism : focus on stilbenes and triterpenoids." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0257.

Full text
Abstract:
Dans le cadre de la promotion d'une viticulture durable, le développement d'alternatives écologiques à l’utilisation de pesticides de synthèse pour le contrôle des maladies de la vigne (Vitis vinifera) gagne en importance. Une des méthodes de bio-contrôle proposée est l'induction de l'immunité des plantes par l’application de substances biodégradables, non toxiques pour la santé et l'environnement, appelées éliciteurs ou stimulateurs de défense des plantes (SDP). La résistance conférée contre divers agents pathogènes peut être obtenue grâce à l’emploi de molécules utilisant le plus fréquemment
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
21

Kim, Min Gab. "The molecular battle between virulence weapons of Pseudomonas syringae and integrated defense responses of Arabidopsis thaliana." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1155310301.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
22

Vidal, Macchi Sabina. "Molecular defense responses against the plant pathogen Erwinia carotovora : signal pathways in the regulation of pathogen-induced gene expression in plants /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1998. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1998/91-576-5501-4.gif.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
23

Thomas, Elizabeth. "Expression Analysis of Plant Defense Responses during the Establishment of Biotrophy and Role of Abiotic Stress in the Infection of Dyer’s Woad (Isatis tinctoria) by Puccinia thlaspeos." DigitalCommons@USU, 2008. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/122.

Full text
Abstract:
The kinetics and amplitude of the salicylic acid-responsive pathogenesis-related (PR) genes and the cytochrome P450 gene ItCYP79B2 in the compatible interaction between Puccinia thlaspeos and dyer’s woad (Isatis tinctoria) during the first 72 hours of inoculation were examined. Immediately following penetration of the host by the rust pathogen, there was a modest up-regulation of PR genes but a significant down-regulation of ItCYP79B2 expression. During haustoria formation, a significant pathogen-mediated suppression of PR genes was observed with a corresponding up-regulation of ItCYP79B2. Thi
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
24

Rasul, Sumaira. "Characterization and role of nitric oxide production in Arabidopsis thaliana defense responses induced by oligogalacturonides." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00866896.

Full text
Abstract:
Nitric oxide (NO) regulates a wide range of plant processes from development toenvironmental adaptation. In this study, NO production and its effects were investigated in aplant-pathogen context. The production of NO following Arabidopsis treatment witholigogalacturonides (OGs), an endogenous elicitor of plant defense, was assessed using the NOsensitive probe 4, 5-diamino fluorescein diacetate. Pharmacological and genetic approaches wereused to analyze NO enzymatic sources and its role in the Arabidopsis thaliana /Botrytis cinereainteraction. We showed that NO production involves both a L-argi
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
25

Pastor, Fuentes María Victoria. "Redox homeostasis, callose and hormonal responses in primed defenses." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/565663.

Full text
Abstract:
Las plantas, debido a que no pueden desplazarse cuando el ambiente no les es favorable, han desarrollado una inmunidad innata que les permite ser resistentes a casi todos los microbios e insectos. El priming de las defensas basales hace que la respuesta de la planta sea más temprana y más intensa si un patógeno virulento intenta colonizar la planta. Además de los mecanismos que se proponen para explicar el priming de las defensas basales, se señala otro nuevo, que es la necesidad de la homeostasis en el control de las especies reactivas de oxígeno (ROS). El priming por BABA (ácido beta-aminobu
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
26

Bandau, Franziska. "Importance of tannins for responses of aspen to anthropogenic nitrogen enrichment." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för fysiologisk botanik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-120248.

Full text
Abstract:
Boreal forests are often strongly nitrogen (N) limited. However, human activities are leading to increased N inputs into these ecosystems, through atmospheric N deposition and forest fertilization. N input into boreal forests can promote net primary productivity, increase herbivore and pathogen damage, and shift plant species composition and community structure. Genetic diversity has been suggested as a key mechanism to promote a plant species’ stability within communities in response to environmental change. Within any plant population, specific traits (e.g. growth and defense traits) can var
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
27

Schuck, Stefan [Verfasser], Ian T. [Akademischer Betreuer] Baldwin, Axel [Akademischer Betreuer] Mithöfer, and Karl-Heinz [Akademischer Betreuer] Kogel. "The control of plant defense responses and seedling growth during interactions with beneficial and non-beneficial organisms / Stefan Schuck. Gutachter: Ian T. Baldwin ; Axel Mithöfer ; Karl-Heinz Kogel." Jena : Thüringer Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Jena, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1047096951/34.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
28

YAO, ZHEN. "MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF THE INTERACTION BETWEEN HELIANTHUS ANNUUS AND VERTICILLIUM DAHLIAE." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/3838.

Full text
Abstract:
Verticillium wilt, caused by the soil-borne Verticillium dahliae Klebahn is a serious problem in the production of sunflower worldwide. To date, information on sunflower resistance to Verticillium spp. is very scarce, although it is critical for an effective management of this pathogen. In this study, two highly aggressive (Vd1396-9 and Vd1398-21) and two weakly aggressive V. dahliae isolates (Vs06-07 and Vs06-14) were used to inoculate moderately resistant (IS6111) and susceptible (IS8048) sunflower hybrids. VdNEP (V. dahliae necrosis and ethylene-inducing protein), an elicitor from V. dahlia
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
29

Coventry, Helen. "Induced defense responses in plants by bacterial lipopolysaccharides." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5911.

Full text
Abstract:
M.Sc.<br>Plant disease can be naturally suppressed by plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and endophytic / endorhizosphere bacteria. Apart from direct antagonism against pathogenic organisms, these plant growth promoting bacteria and endophytes can induce a form of systemic resistance (ISR) in plants. The main bacterial inducing component has been suggested to be the outer membrane lipopolysaccharides (LPS), found in the cell walls of Gramnegative bacteria. Burkholderia cepacia (Pseudomonas cepacia) is a bacterial endophyte that has potential as a biocontrol agent. Although a few studies have
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
30

Louw, Anna Elizabeth. "Chemically induced defense responses in tobacco cell." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/6950.

Full text
Abstract:
M.Sc.<br>Chemically-induced plant defense responses were investigated in tobacco cell cultures. The inducing conditions were as follows: chitosan (C), an elicitor (E) prepared from Phytophthora nicotianae, isonicotinic acid (INA), isonicotinamide (IND) and isonitrosoacetophenone (INAP) as well as the addition of INA, IND and INAP as conditioning agents (primary elicitors) followed by secondary elicitation with either chitosan or elicitor. The defense responses investigated included determinations of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity, total soluble phenolic content, specific phenolic p
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
31

Jambunathan, Niranjani. "Genetic and molecular analysis of Arabidopsis Copine I gene in plant defense responses." 2003. http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-294/index.html.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
32

Chang, Chi-Hsin, and 張琪昕. "Study of mechanisms involved in plant defense responses triggered by Ralstonia solanacearum effector RipBJ." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/y63rzd.

Full text
Abstract:
碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>植物科學研究所<br>105<br>Bacteria wilt (BW) caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs) causes global severe crop losses. However, mechanisms about how virulence-related factors function are still limited. Our previous studies showed that Rs effector gene ripBJ is unique to low/medium virulence strains and it has a crucial negative role in virulence. In addition, ripBJ expression in tomato led to cell death and enhanced tolerance to Rs. This study aims to elucidate the mechanism underlying RipBJ-induced plant defense responses. The results showed that RipBJ deletion did not affect in planta
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
33

"Functional studies of two rice genes related to signal transduction of defense responses." Thesis, 2007. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6074512.

Full text
Abstract:
Biotic stress is one of the most serious constraints on rice productivity. Strategy adopting regulators in signal transduction of systemic acquired resistance for conferring long-lasting disease resistance against broad spectrum of pathogens become highly favorable. To achieve this, signal transduction of disease resistance should be well characterized.<br>OsGPBP1 is a putative G-protein binding protein and interacts with a member of the YchF G-protein subfamily that has not been thoroughly studied in plants, while OsRHC1 is a novel RING zinc finger protein harboring multiple transmembrane dom
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
34

Ismail, Youssef. "Molecular interactions of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi with mycotoxin-producing fungi and their role in plant defense responses." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8311.

Full text
Abstract:
Les trichothécènes de Fusarium appartiennent au groupe des sesquiterpènes qui sont des inhibiteurs la synthèse des protéines des eucaryotes. Les trichothécènes causent d’une part de sérieux problèmes de santé aux humains et aux animaux qui ont consommé des aliments infectés par le champignon et de l’autre part, elles sont des facteurs importants de la virulence chez plantes. Dans cette étude, nous avons isolé et caractérisé seize isolats de Fusarium de la pomme de terre infectée naturellement dans un champs. Les tests de pathogénicité ont été réalisés pour évaluer la virulence des isolats sur
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
35

Rayapuram, Channabasavangowda [Verfasser]. "Molecular and ecological analysis of LOX3- and NPR1-dependent defense responses in plant-herbivore interactions / von Channabasavangowda Rayapuram." 2008. http://d-nb.info/987783394/34.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!