Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Élimination dans les eaux continentales'
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Bruno, Valérie. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation du transfert du radium dans un écosystème aquatique simplifié." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20274.
Full textAlaux-Négrel, Gabrielle. "Etude de l'évolution des eaux profondes en milieu granitiques et assimilés : comportement des élements traces." Paris 7, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA077274.
Full textDarmoul, Yacine. "La mesure spectrophotométrique du pH et de l'alcalinité dans les eaux continentales : développement de la méthode et intégration dans un capteur de mesure in-situ haute fréquence." Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GLOB0014.
Full textThe different compartments of the hydrosphere are major sinks or sources of CO2 and the role of freshwaters in the global carbon cycle has been recently reevaluated as substantial. Freshwaters show variations of the carbonate system variables at hourly time scales and in a large range. A key limitation for the carbonate system studies is the necessity of accurate, in-situ and high frequency measurements that would provide data with suitable spatial and temporal resolutions to enlighten the processes affecting the carbonate system. With the aim of in-situ and high frequency sensor development to assess the freshwaters whole carbonate system with the simultaneous measurement of the pH-Alkalinity couple, spectrophotometric measurement of these parameters is developped. This work focuses mainly on the spectrophotometric alkalinity (Alk) measurement, which is an original contribution. This new method, consists to neutralize all the basic species taken into account in the Alk by a weak acid (formic acid, HFo) mixed with a pH sensitive dye (bromophenol blue, BPB) to measure accurately the pH end point value and thus deduce the Alk of the sample. After a step of laboratory adjustement, the performance of the spectrophotometric methods is assessed in low pH buffer solutions for pH, commercial mineral and spring waters for Alk and natural freshwaters for both, by a comparison to conventional potentiometric measurements and theoretical calculations. PH measurements show a precision of ±0. 005; Alk measurements show a precision of ±7μM. For Alk measurement, the best accuracy is obtained by downplaying the excess acid term and thus its associed uncertainty. Additionnaly, for both pH and Alk, accuracy relies upon the performance of the spectrophotometer, carefully prepared and defined indicator solution and all very controlled and reliable thermodynamic constants with their temperature and ionic strength dependence. After this step that provide strong theoretical basis which precision and accuracy meet the requirements of scientist working on freshwaters systems, the spectrophotometric pH-Alk method was integrated as an in-situ and high frequency sensor. The integration started by a functioning assessment that leads to some modifications on the prototype. Additionnaly, the integration bring to light others optical, mechanical and chemical troubles that were solved before the method validation where previous performances were increased: pH measurements show a precision of ±0. 002 and Alk measurements show a precision of ±3μM. Finally, the prototype sensor was successfully tested on natural freshwaters (a carbonated french lake and the Seine river). These deployment shows the sensor sturdiness but reveal the difficulty of Alk measurement in waters with high turbidity, that necessitate a filtration step before spectrophotometric measurements
Pelfrène, Aurélie Grimaud Daniel. "Spéciation des métaux traces (Cd., Cu, Pb, Zn) dans les eaux d'un Planosol non pollué (Massif Central, France)." Tours : SCD de l'université de Tours, 2008. http://theses.abes.fr/2008TOUR4008.
Full textBrilhante, Ogenis Magno. "Magnétisme et diagnostic de la pollution particulaire métallique dans l'environnement." Paris 12, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA120051.
Full textAndrianarison, Tahina Razanadraibe. "Traitement d'effluents urbains dans un système de 11 lagunes : décontamination microbienne et élimination de l'azote." Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20104.
Full textEl, Khiati Najat. "Les Characées (macroalgues) du Maroc biotypologie dans les eaux continentales et production dans les dayas (mares temporaires)." Grenoble : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375937790.
Full textEl, Khiati Najat. "Les Characées (macroalgues) du Maroc : biotypologie dans les eaux continentales et production dans les Dayas (mares temporaires)." Aix-Marseille 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX11119.
Full textEl, Jarjaf Abdellah. "Performance d'algues unicellulaires et d'une lentille d'eau dans le traitement d'eaux enrichies en nitrates et en métaux." Rouen, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ROUE05NR.
Full textThe purification of mediums containing nitrates and heavy metals (Cd, Cu and Mn) has been realised with three freshwater species : two microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris and Selenastrum capricornutum) and a duckweed Spirodela polyrhiza. The optimal growth conditions for all species are obtained with 150 mg/l of N03- for the microalgae and 200 mg/l for the duckweed. The nitrate toxicity threshold is over 800 mg/I for the three studied species. With low nitrate concentration (21 mg/l), the metals toxicity is very important. For high nitrate concentration, the metals toxicity decreases with time and initial NO3- level. These three metals alter nitrates metabolism by decreasing their absorption and their reduction to nitrites. Cd and Cu clearly inhibit nitrate reductase activity. The IC50 of these two metals, evalued by enzymatic inhibition assay, are very closed with those observed by algal assays. L'he nitrates fixation abilities (F. C. ) fluctuate with time and initial N03- medium. They can reach about 3000 mg N03-/algae gramms after 7 days treatment. The efficiency coefficients (EC) also fluctuate with time, nitrates concentration and especially with nutritif compounds concentration. Chlorella vulgaris and Selenastrum capricornutum comportments are very similar and they show a réal capacity to purifying waters with high nitrates concentrations. Spirodela polyrhiza tolerate higher metals concentrations than the two microalgae and shows a better middle and long term purification
Haussard, Murielle. "Élimination des déchets huileux contenus dans des effluents par rétention sur des écorces traitées." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPL090N.
Full textBussy, Anne-Laure. "Mobilité des métaux dans un système fluvial urbain." Paris 12, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA120036.
Full textVallette, Chloé. "L'environnement s'invite en ville : l'action collective face aux risques environnementaux dans la Grande Aire Métropolitaine de San José (Costa Rica)." Caen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CAEN1695.
Full textThe Quebrada Seca River opens a desolate breach in the Great Metropolitan Area (GAM) of San José, Costa Rica’s capital. This small river, corseted between buildings, shows its grey rocks and brown dirt to neighbouring houses’ windowless walls. Clues of abandonment are everywhere. Yet, several collectives gathering inhabitants, technicians and scientists, take action in order to reduce environmental risks linked to Quebrada Seca (flooding, erosion, pollution). In formulating the tangible problems they are affected by in terms of environmental risks (Mormont, 2009), these collectives strongly criticize the urban socio-political organization. They question the accuracy of administrative territories and of communal identities. They propose specific types of territorial organization, and original collective commitment forms. Our thesis is that dealing with environmental risks allow these city dwellers to create a particular kind of urbanity (Capron and Monnet, 2000), a way of living together, that go beyond urban planning’s strict projections
Togola, Anne. "Présence et devenir des substances pharmaceutiques dans les écosystèmes aquatiques." Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13314.
Full textPharmaceutical substances belong to the class of the emerging contaminants which have started recently to be studied in natural environments. The widespread use and the large consumed quantities of these compounds can lead to important inputs into the aquatic environment through wastewater treatment plants. The first part of this work consisted in the development and the comparison of various procedures concerning sampling (spot sampling and passive sampling), extraction step (Solid Phase Extraction , Microwave-assisted extraction) and analysis (Gas chromatography / mass spectrometry), needed for pharmaceutical analysis in various aquatic compartments (dissolved, particulate and sedimentary phases, biological organisms). Thus a first assessment of pharmaceutical contamination of various aquatic systems (Seine, Loire, Adour and Garonne estuaries, Mediterranean coastal water…) has been undertaken. A contamination of aquatic compartments with pharmaceutical substances has been highlighted for all studied systems. Concentrations ranging from few ng. L-1 to several μg. L-1 have been measured, depending on compounds, sampling stations and seasonal variations. This work has allowed to document the origins (quantification and qualification of inputs) and the fate (degradation phenomena) of those compounds. It has also highlighted partition phenomena between the different phases (ie particulate matter and dissolved phase) and the bioaccumulation capability of some of those substances
Massias, Delphine. "Devenir in situ des hydrocarbures anthropiques dans un sédiment marin côtier soumis aux processus de bioturbation." Aix-Marseille 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX22039.
Full textDuong, Thi Thuy. "Réponses des diatomées fixées aux pollutions organiques et métalliques dans les hydrosystèmes Nhue-Tolich (Hanoi, Vietnam), et Lot-Riou Mort (France)." Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13316.
Full textComoretto, Laetitia. "L'étude des herbicides dans la phase dissoute des eaux superficielles camarguaises : apport, transfert et devenir." Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX11022.
Full textIn Mediterranean wetlands, rice growing is one of the main agricultural activities. Paddy fields have major interactions with natural protected areas (water management, habitat, trophic resources). Camargue, with its 20 000 ha of rice can be considered as a good example in the context of the relations between agriculture and environment. The connections between natural habitats and cultivated areas, notably via the irrigation canals, make that the impact of pesticides use is not limited to agricultural areas. Moreover, the use of water from the Rhône river watershed for irrigation can also be an entry route of pesticides into Camargue. Vaccarès Lagoon (6400 ha of brackish water) is classified by Unesco as biotope sanctuary. It intercepts substances coming directly from rice paddies or Rhône river. In this context, the overall goal of this work is to assess the exposure levels of protected areas to herbicides, modeling the runoff from a rice farming area to extend in the future at the deltaic scale and finally, to identify indirect photolysis as a possible degradation pathway to understand the behavior of the molecule in the deltaic system
Lafont, Michel. "Contribution à la gestion des eaux continentales : utilisation des oligochètes comme descripteurs de l'état biologique et du degré de pollution des eaux et des sédiments." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO10006.
Full textEstèbe, Alexandrine. "Impact de l'agglomération parisienne et de ses rejets de temps de pluie sur les concentrations en métaux des matières en suspension et des sédiments en Seine en période estivale." Paris 12, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA120072.
Full textBuil, Nathalie. "Modélisation tridimensionnelle du transport de polluants dans les écoulements à surface libre." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10059.
Full textDevallois, Valérie. "Transferts et mobilité des éléments traces métalliques dans la colonne sédimentaire des hydrosystèmes continentaux." Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX11046.
Full textHaroux, Christian. "Biogéochimie du manganèse dans les nappes aquifères libres du domaine rhodanien." Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO11708.
Full textJabbour, Daas. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation de la dispersion en champ lointain suite à un rejet accidentel d'un polluant miscible dans un cours d'eau : application à la gestion de crise." Aix-Marseille 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX11003.
Full textSemrany, Samer. "Bioaugmentation fongique des boues activées : élimination de la carbamazépine persistante dans l’eau." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S184/document.
Full textPharmaceutical residues are considered an emerging environmental problem because of their presence and their continuous accumulation in the environment. Even at low concentrations, these substances may threaten all living organisms. It is therefore urgent to develop the technical means to eliminate them. In this framework is the work of this thesis, it intended to treat carbamazepine, an antiepileptic drug widely detected in the aquatic environment. A first study was conducted on the biodegradation of carbamazepine by activated sludge by biostimulation with various sources of conventional carbon. An optimization of the various operating parameters was also performed. In addition, a second study examined the biodegradation of the target molecule by a fungal strain, and this work was completed by a third synthesis study establishing technical fungal bioaugmentation of activated sludge to improve performance treatment
Guérin, Thierry. "Spéciation multiélémentaire de l'arsenic, sélénium, antimoine et tellure dans des eaux et des lixiviats de sols par couplage HPLC-ICP-MS." Pau, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PAUU3003.
Full textGalle, Christian. "Comportement de l'aluminium dans l'organisme de deux variétés de poissons comestibles (Tilapia et Truite) vivant en eaux périodiquement acidifiées." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992CLF15002.
Full textMarçais, Jean. "Variabilités des temps de résidence de l’eau et du débit dans les rivières et les nappes phréatiques : implications sur la qualité de l’eau : inférence, modélisation et prédiction des temps de transit de l’eau dans les bassins versants." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1B025/document.
Full textGroundwater travel time controls contaminant transport, weathering processes and biogeochemical cycles. Groundwater travel time is a fundamental descriptor characterizing the transit time of water inside the catchment, from precipitation events to the streams. Quantifying these transit times is pivotal to predict the impact of anthropogenic pressure and assess freshwater ecosystems resilience. However, streamwater and groundwater are a mixture of water of different ages (the transit time and the residence time distribution), which vary according to climatic forcings. This makes difficult its characterization and prediction. Here we infer residence times with geochemical tracers and data-driven models. We show how this can be constrained by silicate weathering at the catchment scale. We then develop a novel process-based framework, which can model discharge and transit time seasonal and interannual variabilities. We identify water table fluctuations, its interaction with permeable soil layers and the resulting subsurface stormflow generation as a key process for seasonal water quality variations described by dissolved silica measurements. Finally, we draw a reactivity framework to represent biogeochemical processes. Indeed, evaluating reactive solute degradation is needed to assess the efficiency of reducing fertilizer loads, to predict the long term evolution of in stream solute concentrations and the eutrophication potential of freshwater bodies. Modeling the reactivity at the catchment scale is the missing link to understand, quantify and predict the effect of anthropogenic pressure on the critical zone
Tisserand, Pierre. "Mesure en continu et in situ des pollutions dans les milieux aqueux : conception et réalisation d'une instrumentation adaptée à la détection de métaux lourds par potentiométrie sélective." Nancy 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN10308.
Full textMastering the quality of water demands that industrialised countries develop and improve facilities for the sanitising of water rejected back into the environment. Sewage sometimes contains micropollutants such as heavy metals which, in excess, can be noxious and alter ecosystems. Measuring them accurately is possible - with polarography or spectrometry - yet these techniques can hardly be used for non-stop monitoring. Within this framework, we have developed a detecting device for heavy metals Cu(II) and Pb(Ii). The principle cop. Sists in measuring potentials with two ion selective electrodes (ISE), which - by fusing varied data such as temperature, conductivity, pH, Redox - allows the gauging of free or hydroxylic metal. In order to lest the device, we have conceived a testbench reproducing the physical and chemical condition of sewage. The principle consists in injecting specific solutions into a reactor fitted with a measuring set containing sepsors which will carry out the aforementioned measures. Thanks to a system sampling and processing the data, aIl parameters can be measured non-stop. To characterise our tool, we have 'used two modelling methods. On the one hand, we have considered the output from the ISEs as a polynomial combination of all parameters (external models). On the other hand, we have assumed that hydroxylic forms can be parameterised in Nernst's equation (internaI models). Where the copper ISE is, concerned, internal models provide very interesting levels of detection, while extemal models fit the lead ISE best. Still using our test-bench, we have determined our models' limits, especially regarding the measure of Cu (II), in typical cases of reconstituted pollutions. To this end, we have elaborated different tests demonstrating that the internal model - which does not take the Redox potential into account - provides more accuracy than external models. In conclusion, we have shown that, in laboratory conditions, the potentiometric method with ISE is adapted to non-stop detection of heavy metal ions, by correcting the measures of relevant variables. The methodology we have developed can be extended to other heavy metals
Canivet, Valérie. "Détermination de l'influence d'une contamination sur les biocénoses d'invertébrés benthiques et interstitiels présents dans la zone saturée d'un milieu aquatique poreux : étude en laboratoire et en rivières artificielles." Lyon 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO10171.
Full textRault-Doumax, Sébastien. "Contribution à l'aide à la gestion de crise en cas de rejet accidentel dans un canal : application aux produits miscibles dans l'eau." Aix-Marseille 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX11037.
Full textThe accidents of hazardous goods transportations occur each year. Fortunately, most of them, do not cause victims but they often pollute environment. When an accident happens, the efforts rest essentially on Fire brigade assisted by competent authorities. So SIGAPOL was born: Geographic Information System applied to the accidental pollutions of streams. This system is a platform which integrates new technologies with the aim to support decision in case of accidental pollution of streams intended for the main actor of the crisis: the Fire brigade. The SIGAPOL is based on a Geographical Information System composed of data bases and computer calculation to assess pollution. This simulation module is the most important work of this PhD. It consists of powerful modellings resulting from the literature scientific and checked by experimental studies carried out in open-channel in laboratory and real site
Miriouchkine, Evguéni. "Devenir de l'anthracène dans un sédiment de rivière en présence de micromycètes." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002GRE18004.
Full textChaumot, Arnaud. "Écotoxicologie et modélisation spatiale en dynamique de population : exemple d'une population de truites exposée à une pollution dans un réseau de rivières." Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10066.
Full textGuibourg, Angéline Donon. "Contribution à l'étude physico-chimique dans l'eau de quelques hydrocarbures halogénés à trois ou quatre atomes de carbone." Montpellier 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MON20217.
Full textBechohra, Imane. "Élimination des Composés Organiques Volatils hydrophobes par couplage de l’absorption et de la biodégradation : absorption dans un solvant organique biodégradable." Rennes, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENCR0025.
Full textRemoval of hydrophobic volatile organic compounds (VOCs), such as toluene, by biological way is limited by the step of absorption in the aqueous phase (containing the microbial agents). In order to overcome this lock, an organic solvent has been added, serving as absorbent, in the multiphase bioreactor. This apolar phase can be expensive and / or regeneration is difficult to implement. The choice of a "waste-solvent" was therefore considered. The choice of this solvent was performed based on different criteria, such as the ability to absorb the target compound (partition coefficient), a low solubility in water, a biodegradability, and a biocompatibility towards microorganisms. Three organic solvents were tested: hexadecane as a model solvent, waste frying oil and di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) or dioctyl phthalate. Biodegradation tests were conducted in batch (250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks fitted with specific sampling systems). The results obtained with the solvent model allowed to consider the use of biodegradable organic solvent in partition reactors (TPPB). Indeed, the target VOC could be treated simultaneously in the presence of hexadecane at 5% by volume in water by activated sludge from a wastewater treatment plant. In contrast, in the case of waste frying oil (HFU), toluene was not completely consumed at the end of the culture. Even after acclimation of microorganisms, low VOC degradation rates and HFU were obtained. In contrast, the results obtained with DEHP, conceivable solvent waste, have been promising. Indeed, a biodegradation of toluene, rapid and greater than in the presence of hexadecane, was observed. An optimization of the volume fraction of DEHP in water was thus performed, and the influence of the initial concentration in toluene was investigated. A ratio of 0. 1% of DEHP in water and a toluene concentration of 106 mg. L-1 were selected as optimal conditions. Tests on this system were then carried out in a 3 Liter semi-continuous bioreactor containing of non-acclimated activated sludge, then acclimated to two substrates (VOCs and DEHP). These have allowed to limit losses toluene encountered in batch (in flasks) and to validate the viability of the process. The toluene biodegradation rate was significant (9. 8 mg. L-1. H-1) and the rate of degradation of DEHP was 89%
Audry, Stéphane. "Bilan géochimique du transport des éléments traces métalliques dans le système fluvial anthropisé Lot-Garonne-Gironde." Bordeaux 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR12703.
Full textThe Lot-Garonne-Gironde fluvial system is affected by heavy metal pollution resulting from acid mine drainage from the Riou-Mort River, a tributary of the Lot River. Based on a 10-year data set of monthly Cd concentrations, an empiric model for estimation of Cd fluxes to the Gironde estuary is proposed. We calculated the Riou-Mort contributes up to 47 % (Cd), 20 % (Zn), 4 % (Cu) et 9 % (Pb) of the gross input of the Garonne River into the Gironde estuary. This study showed the oxydation of the mining waste sulfides is responsible for the high dissolved heavy metal concentrations found in the Riou-Mort. These concentrations are 400 (Zn) and 1200 (Cd) times higher than that of the Lot River upstream the pollution. Selective extractions showed that the particulate heavy metal speciation is dominated by the residual fraction, except for Cd, Zn and Mn which are mainly associated with the "exchangeable" fraction and thus show the highest mobilization potentiality. In the Lot and Garonne Rivers, Cd and Zn are less mobilizable as mainly associated with organic matter/sulfides and carbonates. The study of the early diagenesis processes in dam lake sediments showed that organic matter oxidation is mainly conducted by 'secondary' oxidants (nitrate, Mn and Fe oxides and sulfate). Nevertheless, we show that early diagenesis processes did not change significantly the sedimentary record of the heavy metal pollution. The particulate heavy metal concentration profiles, coupled with 137Cs geochronology, permit to follow the main changes of the industrial activity responsible for the heavy metal pollution. The present day heavy metal stock in the Lot River sediment were estimated: ~10,000 t of Zn, ~1,000 t of Pb, and ~300 t of Cu. Finally, we propose natural background values for heavy metal in the Lot-Garonne watershed (mg. Kg-1) : 57 (V), 54 (Cr), 8,6 (Co), 19 (Ni), 17 (Cu), 81 (Zn), 0,56 (Cd), 31 (Pb), 10 (Th) et 2 (U)
Villanueva, Jessica Denila. "Suivi par capteurs passifs des polluants émergents dans les eaux de surface en contexte urbain." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14186/document.
Full textThe study aimed to assess the water quality of the surface water in differingclimate conditions and management practices. Three interesting sites were chosen, (1)Jalle River and (2) Bordeaux Lac both in France and the (3) Pasig River in thePhilippines. The French sites have rainfall and run-off collectors that directly dischargewater to the water bodies. Pasig River, on the other hand, becomes a waste collector aswaste management and treatment plant are lacking. Trace metals and organics(pesticides, herbicides, pharmaceuticals and drugs) were measured. Conventional andpassive sampling approches were employed. The mass fluxes were obtained in order tocalculate the pollution transport. Physico-chemical properties and the particlecharacteristics, integrating statistical analyses, facilitated in explaining the behavior of themeasured molecules and describing the hydrological system in relation to climatevariability
Ouddane, Baghdad. "Comportement des éléments majeurs et mineurs dans un milieu soumis à des gradients physico-chimiques marqués : cas de l'estuaire de la Seine." Lille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL10047.
Full textPelfrêne, Aurélie. "Spéciation des métaux traces (Cd., Cu, Pb, Zn) dans les eaux d'un Planosol non pollué (Massif Central, France)." Thesis, Tours, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOUR4008.
Full textNo summary avalaible
Thuret-Benoist, Hélène. "Effet des variations climatiques sur la production de Matière Organique Algale et Microcystines par le phytoplancton dans les systèmes eutrophes. Etude de leur élimination dans le procédé de traitement des eaux." Thesis, Limoges, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIMO0093.
Full textEutrophication phenomena are characterized by phytoplankton proliferation and as a consequence negatively impacts aquatic ecosystem and natural water uses. During its development, phytoplankton produces Algal Organic Matter (AOM) which increases the organic content of the water resource and modifies the Natural Organic Matter (NOM) characteristics and reactivity. When toxic cyanobacteria are present, cyanotoxins can be produced. The future climate, predicted by experts, will support these proliferations and promote their consequences. The optimization of a HPLC-UV/PDA method to identify and quantify extracellular Microcystins (MCs) after SPE decreased the quantification limit to 0,1 μg/L. However, a basic pH and the OM content of the sample over-estimated the concentration. Under variable temperature and rainfall conditions, the cells growth and the AOM and MCs production were studied on laboratory cultures of mono-specific species of algae and cyanobacteria. The cellular growth, the concentration and proportion of hydrophobic fractions of AOM, the total concentration of MCs and the proportion of extracellular MCs were impacted by climate changes. An in-situ monitoring program was conducted during 21 months on the hypertrophic Pigeard pond (87) and the results were compared to the 18 months monitoring of 2012-2013. Recurrent inputs of AOM annually and sustainably disturbed NOM dynamics and modified its characteristics by increasing the OM content and the hydrophilic proportion. The observed evolutions in water resources under various climates (Sweden and Togo) confirmed the laboratory observations. These quantitative and qualitative NOM changes also affect the efficiency of water treatment processes and especially adsorption on PAC. The efficiency was reduced in the presence of hydrophilic fraction and high MCs adsorption yields were observed for MCs despite a competition with OM
Lacas, Jean-Guillaume. "Processus de dissipation des produits phytosanitaires dans les zones tampons enherbées : étude expérimentale et modélisation en vue de limiter la contamination des eaux de surface." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20127.
Full textCharpentier, Delphine. "Rôle de l'oxydation chimique et de l'acidification des eaux sur les propriétés minéralogiques et physico-chimiques de la formation argileuse de Tournemire." Nancy 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NAN10199.
Full textThe Tournemire (France) site has been selected for research programmes on deep geological waste disposal in clay-rich rock formation. A railway tunnel is used to study the evolution of rock properties and water-rock interactions in the excavated disturbed zone. Multi-scale and multi-technique investigations were carried out. Experiments and numerical modelling were used to predict changes due to rock mineralogy and water chemistry modifications. The tunnel and galleries digging induces fracture formation. In the altered samples, the clay particles show a better orientation in the stratification plan. The oxidation effect yields to mineralogical transformation on the surfaces of the argillite: oxidation of pyrite, dissolution of calcite, dissolution of illite layers in interstratified I/S and formation of gypsum, Fe-oxi/hydroxides, celestite and jarosite. During cycles of hydration/dehydration, condensation water interacts with the argillite and quickly becomes Ca and SO4-rich
Li, Zhi. "Devenir des résidus de médicaments dans les sols, biodégradation-sorption : discussion dans un contexte de réutilisation des eaux usées." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON13523/document.
Full textWastewater irrigation represents great interest in arid and semi-arid regions where water demand is important. However, wastewater irrigation results in, for example, soil contamination by emerging organic pollutants such as pharmaceuticals. Transport and transformation mechanisms of these substances are still poorly understood. The objective of this thesis was to study the processes of biodegradation and sorption of pharmaceutical products in laboratory experiments, with a special reflection in the context of wastewater irrigation. Firstly, we exploited the chiral signature of the antidepressant venlafaxine (VEN) and its major human metabolite O-desmethyl venlafaxine (ODV) in order to discriminate the biological processes from other processes. Laboratory experiment showed a correlation between the biodegradation rate and the change in enantiomer fraction. The VEN was then monitored at the outlet of a WWTP and in the river receiving the discharge. A change in enantiomer fraction showed the interest for a better development of this application to investigate in situ biodegradation. Secondly, the sorption of cationic molecules VEN and ODV, as well as the neutral molecules antiepileptic carbamazepine and its human metabolite trans-10,11-dihydro-10,11-dihydroxy carbamazepine, was studied in batch and soil column leaching experiments. The pH and ionic strength conditions in batch experiment influenced the sorption of VEN and ODV, while there was little impact for neutral compounds. The cationic exchange should play an important role in the sorption process of cationic molecules. Leaching study showed that neutral compounds are much more mobile than cationic compounds; therefore they may contaminate groundwater in the case of wastewater irrigation
Poumaye, Nicole Mathilde. "Transformation chimique et structurale d’un constituant de brique en zéolite : application à l’élimination des contaminants métalliques dans le traitement des eaux." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1R024.
Full textIn Central African Republic (CAR), potable water is not accessible to more than 70% of the total population despite important water resources in this country. This lack of potable water is further aggravated by the presence of soluble iron which leading to high turbidity and clogging with time. On this view, we have attempted to develop an adsorption process by using a local brick which contains metakaolinite. This mineral was generated through the dehydroxylation of kaolinite during the heating of local soils used for making brick. In order to activate this material, brick grains were treated with sodium hydroxide (0.6M and 0.8M). And in order to optimize the synthesis process, the chemical treatment was carried out at different reaction times and temperatures. The chemical, mineralogical and structural composition of synthesized compounds was determined by several techniques: X-ray diffraction; ICP-EAS, micro-Raman, MAS NMR and ESEM-EDS. These analyses revealed the formation of crystalline (cubic and spherical) structures identified as zeolites NaA and NaP. From batch and column experiments, the modified brick was employed successfully in the removal of metals (Cd2+, Co2+, Fe2+, Mn2+, Ni2+, Pb2+ et Zn2+) from aqueous solutions. Metal adsorption took place according to a pseudo-second order kinetics. And at the solid-water interface, the adsorption process occurred via an ions exchange at the brick surface followed by an intra-particle diffusion. Calculated thermodynamic data indicated that the adsorption mechanism was spontaneous (ΔG°<0), endothermic (ΔH°>0), and proceeded with a positive entropy (ΔS° >0). The detailed study of this adsorbent in column also permitted us to determine filtration parameters (service time, adsorption capacity, minimal height of the bed …) and to optimize column performances. Finally, the zeolitized brick could be used as a low-cost adsorbent to be implemented in rural zones
Charvet, Stéphane. "Intégration des acquis théoriques récents dans le diagnostic de la qualité écologique des cours d'eau à l'aide des bioindicateurs invertébrés." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10069.
Full textCarlier-Pinasseau, Catherine. "Spéciation des organoétains dans le réseau hydrologique en GC-FPD aprés éthylation par NaBEt4 : développement de la méthode analytique." Pau, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PAUU3017.
Full textFelizzola, Juliana Feitosa. "Analysis and fate of selected human-used antibiotics in surface waters." Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2008AIX11088.pdf.
Full textThis work contributes to the knowledge of the life cycle of selected human-used antibiotics. It was largely motivated by the increase of the antiobiorésistence. The first part of this memory is dedicated to the development of an analytical methodology for the simultaneous quantification and identification in routine of twelve antibiotics belonging to the main families of antibiotics (fluoroquinolone, tetracycline, sulfonamide and macrolide) in urban wastewater and in surface waters. This methodology is based on on-line solid phase extraction (SPE), coupled with liquid chromatography (LC) and mass spectrometry (Ion Trap). Its advantages are on the one hand, the automation of the analyses and on the other hand, the higher selectivity of the ion trap analyser in comparison to the triple quadrupole in complex matrices, avoiding false positives and false negatives for concentrations above the 50 ng/L. The limits of detection are in the 1-50 ng /L range according to the analyzed compound. The second part is devoted to the survey of the occurrence levels of selected human used antibiotics in a small Mediterranean river (Arc River, Aix-en-Provence, France) as well as their spatio-temporal distribuition. Sampling of water and sediment has been done during several months in winter and in spring, along the river and downstream the outlet of the sewage treatment plant of the city of Aix-en-Provence. The results show that the most frequently detected compounds belong to the macrolide antibiotic family (azithromycin, clarithromycin and roxithromycin). The pollution occurs essentially in the winter. The concentrations in clarithromycin and in roxithromycin in the dissolved phase can exceed the µg/L level because of a strong consumption of these medicines during this period and in the absence of significant dilution by background freshwater. These levels of concentration are on average, ten times superior to those met in the European large rivers. Azithromycin accumulates in the sediments. The survey of the spatial distribution reveals the persistence of the investigated macrolides in water at least for a water residence time not exceeding one day and a slow degradation of these compounds in the sediment. The third part is dedicated to the study, in laboratory, of the abiotic degradation processes of three macrolides (clarithromycin, roxithromycin and erythromycin A) in water / sediment systems. The dissipation of macrolides from the aqueous phase might be the result of the direct photolysis of the macrolide/ iron (III) complexes and their adsorption on sediment. Concerning the phototransformation of clarithromycin, half lives determined with the help of a kinetic model should exceed 40 days in November and 25 days in May. Consequently, this transformation pathway is not relevant in small rivers, where the residence time of water is small. It could be more significant in ponds and lagoons systems where the time of residence of waters will be more important. The photolysis of the complex macrolide/iron (III) probably leads to the opening of the lactonic ring of the macrolides and might constitute a pathway for detoxification of these compounds. The sorption of the macrolides on iron (III) and manganese (IV) oxides resulted mainly in their ehanced hydrolysis yielding to losses of the cladinose sugar. This degradation pathway would not be as effective in water sediment as with pure oxides, probably because dissolved organic matter (DOM) might compete with the oxide surfaces for macrolides. It yields a range of intermediates that might maintain some biological activities
Allahdin, Oscar. "Élimination (par adsorption sur la brique activée) de polluants métalliques dans les eaux de la République Centrafricaine et les pays en voie de développement : Aspects texturaux, physicochimiques, (électro)cinétiques et thermodynamiques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10120/document.
Full textDespite the great ressources of water in Centrafrican Republic, drinking water is not accessible for about 70% of the population in this country. To resolve this problem, waters need to be treated. We have chosen the adsorption technique,by using a local brick as adsorbant in the purification of water in rural region. After acid treatment and deposition of ferrihydrite at a fixed pH, brick was found to be a good adsorbant in the elimination : Fe2+, Pb2+, Zn2+,Cu2+, Ni2+, Cd2+, UO2+. This adsorption process was also applied to phosphates elimination. The effects of the parameters: contact time, temperature, mass of material, and pH were taken into account. Column regeneration was performed either by using NaCl solution or NaClO as eluent. The analytical studies of adsorption/desorption cycles on the column showed the implication of H+ and Na+ ions at the "brick-water" interface. Depending upon the treatment used, cations or anions could be adsorbed owing to the existence of opposite charges between solid surface and ions in water. To ascertain our assumptions, several techniques were used : X-Ray diffraction, SEM /EDS, FTIR, BET, 23Na, 29Si, 27Al, and 1H NMR. Adsorption measurements were also followed by potentiometry and conductimetry. Adsorption isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamie of heterogeneous processes involved were addressed. Electrokinetic measurements conformed the involvement of electrostatic forces in the adsorption mechanism
Naghi, Fadi El. "Contribution à l'étude de la pollution par micropolluants (atrazine, benzène) de la nappe de la craie dans le nord de la France : évaluation du risque de pollution des captages d'eau potable d'Étaples et de Blendecques (Pas de Calais)." Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2006/50376_2006_276.pdf.
Full textA partir des résultats précédents et les caractéristiques du site d'Etaples qui présente une contamination en atrazine par utilisation plutôt urbaine qu'agricole, on a estimé les quantités probablement utilisées en se basant sur l'avis des experts ainsi que sur la bibliographie. Un modèle du bassin versant d'Etaples a ainsi été créé. En raison des limites du logiciel MODFLOW qui ne traite pas des problèmes de migration des pesticides, une approche inverse des phénomènes a été utilisée. Il parait de cette recherche que les modèles hydrodynamiques de nappe sont insuffisants pour simuler correctement le comportement de l 'atrazine dans son cheminement du sol vers la nappe, puis au sein de la nappe. Par approches numériques mettant en jeu une modélisation par Réseau de Neurones Artificielles (RNA) puis par correction graphique des résultats, on a pu mettre en évidence le phénomène de dégradation d'une grande partie de l'atrazine épandue, puis l'entraÎnement par lessivage en des pomts singuliers d'infiltration. La migration est donc rapide par cheminement dans le réseau de fissures de la craie à l'occasion de saturation temporaire de celui-ci. D'autre part, une étude de vulnérabilité de la nappe de la craie du bassin versant de l'Aa (Audomarois) est proposée pour des pollutions ponctuelles par un micropolluant type hydrocarbure (le Benzène), dans le but d 'aboutir à une optimisation de la protection des captages du SIDEN France et de la communaUlé d 'agglomération de Sain/-Omer à Blendecques
Berthe, Céline. "Etude de la matière organique contenue dans des lixiviats issus de différentes filières de traitement des déchets ménagers et assimilés." Limoges, 2006. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/f64563c8-cc6b-46ce-b282-6ac873ca7db0/blobholder:0/2006LIMO0052.pdf.
Full textLesage, Geoffroy. "Etude de l’élimination de substances aromatiques dangereuses dans un procédé couplant adsorption et biodégradation." Toulouse, INSA, 2009. http://eprint.insa-toulouse.fr/archive/00000340/.
Full textOne of the main challenges currently facing environmental conservation is to reduce the discharge of organic micropollutants from industrial liquid outflows. Biological aerobic treatment is the most commonly used treatment, but conventional systems were not conceived with the idea of eliminating micropollutants, these molecules not necessarily being biodegraded. Among the selected substances, the least volatile molecules are also the most hydrophobic (PAHs) and tend to be absorbed mostly on suspended solids or sludge. Conversely, the less hydrophobic but highly volatile molecules, such as BTEX, have a strong tendency to be transferred into the atmosphere during the aeration phase. In the project ANR HYBIOX « hybrid biological practices for improving the breakdown of xenobiotics », hybrid bioreactors based on the addition of mobile and absorbent surfaces in the activated sludge processes are evaluated, so as to better pinpoint these pollutants and to allow flocs and biofilms to co-exist within the same reactor. The coupling of physicochemical and biological phenomena was studied in an SBR. Modelling these phenomena allows us to test hypotheses, predict the optimal operating conditions for stopping a process, and helps with the interpretation of the results. We drew on a model of adsorption on heterogeneous surfaces, developed under Matlab®, and on a model integrating the coupling of phenomena, developed under Aquasim®. The simulations carried out correspond with the experimental results and allow us to conclude that the abiotic elimination mechanisms play a very important role in the “purification results” of the biological aerobic treatment process. Over the course of the treatment, the transfer of BTEX from the liquid phase to the gas compartment was significant (>99% in two hours) and the quantities of PAHs detected in the solid fraction were considerable. The hybrid reactor presents a number of advantages over a classic biological process. On the one hand, the addition of activated carbon grains in the activated sludge process allows us to pinpoint the targeted pollutants and increase their residence time within the process. On the other hand, to reduce their concentration to a non-inhibitory level (if this is the case), and finally to allow the absorption of variations in charge which are common in industrial outflow. For more volatile and less hydrophobic molecules (ex : BTEX), the addition of absorbent particles and the analysis of operational modes which minimize the transfer in the gas phase are the predominant points. We will therefore have to evaluate with which dynamic the adsorbent can bioregenerate in the system
Dao, Thanh Duong. "Procédés membranaires pour l'élimination des métaux lourds : application de la distillation membranaire à l'élimination de l'Arsenic contenu dans les eaux." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAT0040/document.
Full textThis PhD work deals with vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) for arsenic removal from groundwaters. Contamination of water resources with arsenic was identified in 105 countries. Approximately 150 million people are being exposed to arsenic contamination, and 147 million of these people live in Asia. In Vietnam, chosen as the case study of this work, 13% of the population is being in risk of arsenic poisoning. Drinking water resources present not only high arsenic concentration (1 – 3050 ppb) but also high salinity (5 – 15 g/L). This work allowed demonstrating the feasibility of VMD to remove arsenic and also salts contained in groundwaters. As(III) concentration in the permeate of VMD was always lower than the standard level for drinking water (10 μg.L-1), even for high As(III) concentrations in the feed (up to 2000 μg.L-1). With VMD, a pre-oxidation step was not necessary to convert As(III) into As(V), as it is the case for other conventional treatment processes. Moreover, a coupling between reverse osmosis (RO) and VMD was studied. RO was considered as a first step to concentrate NaCl and As(III) before this retentate stream was further concentrated by the VMD. VMD could work efficiently with 99.9% of As(III) andNaCl rejections at a very high RO retentate concentrations ([NaCl] = 300 g/L and [As(III)] = 7000 ppb). Arsenic in the permeate was still lower than the required standard for drinking water. Finally, a simulation of the coupling was performed. By coupling of RO and VMD, ahigh global recovery of 96% could be achieved