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1

Casimiro, Angélica Maria. "Padronização e avaliação de método sorológico ELISA para detecção de anticorpos IgG anti-Cryptosporidium sp." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9136/tde-06032015-145009/.

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O presente trabalho teve como objetivo padronizar a técnica de ELISA para detecção de anticorpos IgG anti-Cryptosporidium sp para aplicação em estudos epidemiológicos da criptosporidiose em imunocompetentes. Para obtenção de antígeno, bezerros foram oralmente infectados. Os oocistos foram recuperados das fezes doanimal, com a utilização do gradiente de sacarose modificado, técnica de concentração onde se obteve o melhor rendimento. Para preparação do antígeno, os oocistos foram rompidos através de ciclos de congelamento/descongelamento e ultra-som. Soros controle positivo foram escolhidos entre o grupo de funcionários do laboratório de Parasitologia, pois apresentavam anticorpos anti-Cryptosporidium e devido as suas atividades no laboratório era um grupo mais exposto; soros controle negativo foram escolhidos entre aqueles com leituras de densidade óptica menores que 0,300 no ELISA para detecção de anticorpos anti-Cryptosporidium. Diferentes grupos de soros de indivíduos clinicamente normais (funcionários da parasitologia, doadores de sangue, pacientes que fizeram o Pré-Natal) ou outras infecções parasitárias (cisticercose, toxoplasmose, esquistossomose, Doença de Chagas, leishmaniose), foram avaliados para presença de anticorpos anti-Cryptosporidium. A alta freqüência foi observada para o grupo de pacientes com Doença de Chagas (66,6%) e baixa freqüência para o grupo de pacientes com esquistossomose e toxoplasmose (20,0%). A especificidade do teste ELISA para Cryptosporidium foi demonstrada com significante redução nas leituras de 0.0. observada em alguns soros após absorção dos anticorpos anti-Cryptosporidium. Além disso, no grupo de pacientes Pré-Natal 14,6%, quando comparada a alta freqüência de anticorpos anti-Cryptosporidium 52,0%, indica provável ausência de reações cruzadas entre os dois antígenos. Enfim, os resultados obtidos sugerem que a técnica de ELISA pode ser uma importante metodologia para aplicação em estudos soroepidemiológicos da criptosporidiose.
The aim of the present study was to standardize an immunoenzymatic assay, ELISA, for detection of IgG antibodies to Cryptosporidium sp for use in epidemiologic studies on cryptosporidiosis. For antigen preparation, oocysts were obtained from fecal samples of orally infected calves. A modified sucrose gradient, concentration technique was used for recovered and purification of oocysts, which were ruptured by using freezethaw cycles and ultra-sonication. Positive control sera were chosen among the Parasitology workers, who presented anti-Cryptosporidium antibodies and had been exposed to this parasite, because of their activities in the laboratory; and negative control sera were chosen among the ones with optical density (O.D.) readings lower than 0,300 at ELISA for anti- Cryptosporidium antibodies. Oifferent groups of sera from clinically normal individuais (parasitology workers, blood donors, pregnant patients) or with other parasite infection (cysticercisis, toxoplasmosis, schistosomiasis, Chagas disease, leishmaniasis) were evaluated for the presence of Cryptosporidium antibodies. The higher frequency was observed for the group of patients with Chagas disease (66.6%) and the lower frequency for the group patients with schistosomiasis and toxoplasmosis (20.0%). The specificity of the Cryptosporidium-ELISA test was demonstrated when significant reduction of the 0.0. readings was observed for some serum samples after absorption of the anti-Cryptosporidium antibodies. Also, in the group of pregnant patients, the high frequency of 52.0% for anti-Cryptosporidium antibodies when compared to the low frequency of 14.6% for anti-Toxoplasma antibodies might suggest possible absence of cross reactions between these two closely related parasite antigens. The ELISA for detection of anti-Cryptosporidium antibodies, as standardized in the present work, can constitute a good toel for epidemiological studies of cryptosporidiosis.
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2

Costa, Thiago André Carreo [UNESP]. "Utilização da técnica de Elisa com proteína A e anti-IgG para o diagnóstico sorológico da Leishmaniose visceral felina." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92206.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
O presente trabalho teve como objetivos estudar, em uma área endêmica para leishmaniose visceral, a soroprevalência anticorpos anti-Leishmania spp. em felinos, por meio duas técnicas de ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA), ELISA-prot.A e ELISA-IgG, utilizando-se 200 gatos. Para avaliar a performance dos testes sorológicos utilizados no diagnóstico da leishmaniose felina, foram calculadas as especificidades e sensibilidades de cada teste, bem como o índice kappa (k) para cada um deles, com o intuito de avaliar a concordância dos métodos com o teste parasitológico direto (padrão ouro). Foram observadas formas amastigotas do patasito em 4% (8/200) gatos. Pelo ELISA-Prot.A, 4,5% (9/200) dos gatos apresentaram títulos acima do ponto de corte para a espécie e, pelo ELISA-IgG, 11,5% (23/200) dos animais foram considerados soropositivos. O ELISA-Prot.A apresentou sensibilidade de 12,5%, especificidade de 64,5% e concordância fraca com o teste parasitológico direto. O ELISA-IgG apresentou sensibilidade de 25% e especificidade de 19,2%, com índice kappa também indicando fraca concordância.
The present work aimed to study, in an endemic area for visceral leishmaniasis, the seroprevalence of Leishmania sp. infection in cats using two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques, ELISA-protein A and ELISAimmunoglobulin G. For this purpose, a total of 200 cats were employed. To evaluate the performance of the available sorological tests for the diagnosis of feline leishmaniasis it was determined and compared the sensitivity and specificity of ELISA-prot. A and ELISA-IgG, as well as the kappa index (k) for each one, to measure its concordance with the parasitilogical test (gold standard). Amastigote forms of the parasite were observed in eight (4.0%) cats. By ELISA-proteín A nine (4,5%) cats presented titer above the specie’s cut off point and by ELISA-IgG 23 (11,5%) were considered seropositive. The ELISA-proteín A was 12,5% sensitive and 65,4% specific, and showed a weak concordance with the parasitological test. The ELISA-IgG showed a sensitivity of 25% and specificity of 19,2% and when kappa index was analysed, a weak concordance was observed too.
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3

Gonzales, William Henry Roldan. "Deglicosilação de antígenos de excreção-secreção de Toxocara canis e a sua aplicação no sorodiagnóstico da toxocaríase humana." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5134/tde-02122014-085309/.

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O sorodiagnóstico da toxocaríase humana é geralmente baseado na detecção de anticorpos IgG anti-Toxocara spp. em amostras de soro pelo teste ELISA utilizando os antígenos de excreção-secreção de larvas de T. canis (TES). No entanto, observa-se uma ocorrência de reatividade cruzada com outras helmintíases nas áreas endémicas de poliparasitismo. Vários estudos têm mostrado que as glicanas presentes nos antígenos dos helmintos podem ser as responsáveis pela reatividade cruzada. Neste estudo, avaliamos o efeito da deglicosilação dos antígenos TES na sensibilidade e especificidade dos testes de ELISA e Western-blotting para detecção de anticorpos IgG, IgM e IgE. Para a deglicosilação dos antígenos TES, estes foram tratados com diferentes concentrações de hidróxido de sódio (NaOH) ou metaperiodato de sódio (NaIO4) e foram testados 58 amostras de soro de pacientes com toxocaríase visceral, 75 amostras de soros de pacientes com outras helmintíases, e 95 amostras de soro de indivíduos saudáveis. Nossos resultados mostraram que os antígenos TES foram totalmente deglicosilados com NaOH 100mM por 4 horas a 37°C (dTES), enquanto que o tratamento com NaIO4 não gerou bons resultados. A sensibilidade e especificidade dos antígenos TES e dTES na detecção de anticorpos IgG pelo teste de ELISA foi de 100%, com menor reatividade cruzada (5,3%) para os antígenos dTES, se comparada com os antígenos TES (13,3%). Todos os pacientes com toxocaríase mostraram anticorpos IgG contra as cinco frações dos antígenos TES (32, 45, 55, 70 e 120 kDa) e contra a única fração de 26kDa dos antígenos dTES, com sensibilidades e especificidades de 100% para ambos os antígenos. A reatividade cruzada, observada com as frações de 70 kDa, 55 kDa e 32 kDa dos antígenos TES, foi eliminada totalmente quando utilizaram-se os antígenos dTES. A detecção de anticorpos IgM pelo teste de ELISA mostrou reatividade inespecífica nos três grupos estudados, com sensibilidades de 39,7% e 34,5% e especificidades de 95,8% e 96,8%, para os antígenos TES e dTES, respectivamente, porém com ocorrência de reatividade cruzada de 24% e 28% para ambos os antígenos. Os três grupos estudados apresentaram reatividade contra quase todas as frações dos antígenos TES e dTES. A detecção de anticorpos IgE apresentou sensibilidades de 63,79% e 62,07% e uma especificidade de 100%, e uma reatividade cruzada de 26,6% e 53,3% para ambos os antígenos. A maioria dos pacientes com toxocaríase (74,1%) mostraram anticorpos contra as frações de 32, 55 e 70 kDa, em quanto que não houve reatividade nos pacientes com outras helmintíases ou nos indivíduos saudáveis. Estes resultados mostraram que a deglicosilação dos antígenos TES permite reduzir a ocorrência de reatividade cruzada nos pacientes com outras helmintíases, elevando o valor diagnóstico da detecção de anticorpos IgG. No entanto, este procedimento não permite melhorar a sensibilidade e especificidade na detecção de anticorpos IgM e não permite elevar a sensibilidade na detecção de anticorpos IgE pelo teste de ELISA. Por outro lado, os resultados discordantes na especificidade do Western-blotting para a detecção de anticorpos IgG, IgM e IgE sugerem a presença de epítopos conformacionais presentes no estado nativo dos antígenos TES que estariam implicados na reação cruzada observada no teste de ELISA
Serodiagnosis of human toxocariasis is usually based on the detection of anti-Toxocara spp. IgG antibodies in serum samples by ELISA test using T.canis larvae excretory-secretory (TES) antigens. However, a cross-reactivity occurrence is observed in endemic areas of polyparasitism. Many studies have shown that the glycan structures, present in helminth antigens, can be the responsible for the cross-reactivity. In this study, we evaluated the deglycosylation of the TES antigens on the sensitivity and specificity of both the ELISA and Western-blotting for the detection of IgG, IgM, and IgE antibodies. For the deglycosylation of the TES antigens, they were treated with different concentrations of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or sodium metaperiodate (NaIO4), and 58 serum samples of 58 patients with visceral toxocariasis, 75 serum samples of patients with other helminth infections, and 95 serum samples of healthy individuals. Our results show that the TES antigens were totally deglycosylated with 100 mM NaOH for 4 hours at 37°C (dTES), whereas not good results were obtained with sodium metaperiodate. The sensitivity and specificity of both TES and dTES antigens were 100% in detecting IgG antibodies by ELISA; the cross-reactivity observed with TES antigens (13.3%) was reduced (5.3%) when dTES antigens were used. All toxocariasis patients showed IgG antibodies against the five fractions of TES antigens (32, 45, 55, 70, and 120 kDa), but also with the 26-kDa single fraction of dTES antigens, with sensitivities and specificities of 100% for both antigens. The occurrence of cross-reactivity, observed mainly with the 32-, 55-, and 70 kDa fractions of the TES antigens, was totally eliminated when the dTES antigens were used. The detection of IgM antibodies by ELISA test showed unspecific reactivity in all studied groups, with sensitivities of 39.7% and 34.5%, and specificities of 95.8% and 96.8% for both antigens; the occurrence of cross-reactivity for both antigens were 24% and 28%, respectively. All studied groups have IgM antibodies against almost all fractions of TES antigens and the single fraction of dTES. The detection of IgE antibodies by ELISA test showed sensitivities of 63.8% and 62%, specificities of 100%, and occurrence of reactivity of 26.6% and 53.3% for TES and dTES antigens, respectively. The majority of the toxocariasis patients (74.1%) showed IgE antibodies against the 32-, 55-, and 70 kDa fractions of the TES antigens, whereas there was not reactivity in sera from patients with other helminth infections or healthy individuals. These results showed that the deglycosylation of the TES antigens reduces the occurrence of cross-reactivity in patients with other helminth infections, increasing the diagnostic value for the detection of IgG antibodies. However, this procedure does not improve the sensitivity nor reduces the occurrence of cross-reactivity in the detection of IgM antibodies. Likewise, this procedure does not improve the sensitivity in the detection of IgE antibodies by the ELISA test. On the other hand, the high specificity obtained in the detection of IgG, IgM, and IgE by Western-blotting suggest that conformational epitopes of the TES antigens may also be the responsible for the cross-reactivity in the ELISA test
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4

Sato, Camila Massae. "Diagnóstico sorológico da leishmaniose tegumentar americana causada por espécies diferentes de Leishmania." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/99/99131/tde-22112017-105830/.

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A leishmaniose tegumentar americana (LTA) é causada por várias espécies de protozoários do gênero Leishmania e compreende um grupo de doenças que apresentam características clínicas, histopatológicas e imunológicas distintas. O diagnóstico é realizado em base epidemiológica, clínica e patológica, confirmadas por exames parasitológicos positivos e demonstração de hipersensibilidade retardada a antígeno de leishmânia. Os testes sorológicos para o diagnóstico, utilizados até o momento, apresentam várias limitações e por isso é de grande importância identificar proteínas recombinantes de leishmânia, para que sejam testadas como potenciais antígenos para o desenvolvimento de técnicas para o diagnóstico da LTA. Neste estudo, foram utilizadas duas proteínas recombinantes de leishmânia altamente conservadas, Lb8E e Lb6H, derivadas de Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis (Lb), avaliando a sua capacidade para detectar anticorpos no soro de vários grupos de pacientes por teste imunoenzimático (ELISA). Os antígenos recombinantes reagiram com amostras de 83,3% e 100,0% (Lb6H) dos pacientes com LTA e 95,4% (Lb8E) e 89,4% (Lb6H) dos soros de pacientes de leishmaniose visceral (LV). Em amostras de indivíduos saudáveis, as reações com Lb8E e Lb6H foram altamente específicas. Soros de 219 pacientes com LTA infectados com diferentes espécies de leishmânia prevalentes no Brasil (Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis, L. (Viannia) braziliensis, L. (V.) guyanensis e L. (V.) shawi) e amostras de pacientes com outras infecções parasitárias foram avaliados para a presença de anticorpos anti-rLb6H, obtendo-se sensibilidade de 100,0% nas 219 amostras de LTA e especificidade geral de 93,9% (considerando 68 indivíduos saudáveis e 213 pacientes com outras doenças infecciosas). Além disso, as amostras de outras doenças infecciosas indicaram provável ausência de reação cruzada, pois apenas uma minoria de amostras de pacientes com doença de Chagas possuía anticorpos contra rLb6H e essas respostas foram baixas. Enfim, os resultados obtidos sugerem que a técnica de ELISA utilizando o antígeno rLb6H pode ser consideradoa para uso na rotina do diagnóstico sorológico da LTA.
American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) is caused by various species of protozoan of the genus Leishmania and comprises a group of diseases that present distinct clinical, histopathological and immunological characteristics. The diagnosis is performed based on epidemiological, clinical and pathological features, supported by positive parasitological tests and presence of delayed hypersensitivity to Leishmania antigens. The serological tests used to date have several limitations and therefore it is of great importance to identify recombinant proteins from Leishmania so that they can be tested as potential antigens for the development of techniques for the diagnosis of ATL. In this study, two highly conserved Leishmania recombinant proteins, Lb8E and Lb6H, derived from Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis (Lb), were used, evaluating their ability to detect antibodies in the serum of several groups of patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Recombinant antigens detected 83.3% (Lb8E) and 100.0% (Lb6H) ATL patients, and 95.4% (Lb8E) and 89.4% (Lb6H) visceral leishmaniasis (VL) patients. These reactions with Lb8E and Lb6H were highly specific in healthy subjects. Sera from ATL patients infected with different species of Leishmania, prevalent in Brazil, (Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis, L. (Viannia) braziliensis, L. (V.) guyanensis and L. (V.) shawi) and samples from patients with other parasitic infections were evaluated for the presence of anti-rLb6H antibodies. In 219 ATL, the sensitivity was 100.0% e the general specificity, considering 68 healthy subjects and 213 patients with other infectious diseases. In addition, samples from other infectious diseases indicated a probable lack of cross-reactivity, as only a minority of samples from patients with Chagas disease had antibodies against rLb6H and all of these responses were low. Finally, the results suggest that the ELISA using rLb6H antigen may be considered for routine use for serological diagnosis of ATL.
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5

Chubilleau, Catherine. "Optimisation de tests sérologiques de dépistage : exemple de la bilharziose : Intérêts et limites de la séro-épidémiologie des maladies infectieuses d'origine hydrique." Montpellier 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON13516.

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Les maladies infectieuses constituent la principale cause de mortalité et de morbidité dans le monde. Selon l'OMS, les maladies liées à l'eau tuent 3,4 millions d'individus chaque année. Les sérologies induites par une exposition à un microorganisme constituent un bio-marqueur d'exposition. A des fins de surveillance ou de dépistage, la réalisation d'une enquête séro-épidémiologique peut permettre de suivre l'évolution de l'incidence d'une maladie infectieuse. L'objectif de notre travail est de mettre au point et tester un outil simple, rapide, économique et de terrain de diagnostic sérologique d'infections d'origine hydrique pour en doter la séro-épidémiologie. Pour des raisons techniques, financières et médicales, le microorganisme pathogène retenu comme modèle est le schistosome. Les techniques sérologiques choisies sont l'ELISA et l'agglutination et reposent sur l'utilisation de billes de latex respectivement magnétiques et colorées. Le milieu biologique analysé peut être le sérum ou le sang total. Des sérums anti-schistosome de référence (humain et lapin) permettent la mise au point en laboratoire des conditions optimales de couplage d'antigènes de schistosome et de dosage des sérums humains. La qualité de ces dosages est ensuite évaluée sur des prélèvements humains sanguins issus de 51 adultes indemnes de bilharziose et vivant en France, et de 580 enfants et adolescents, malades ou indemnes, vivant en zone d'endémie au Sud-Est et au Nord du Togo. Pour l'ensemble de ces prélèvements, le résultat des dosages mis au point est comparé au résultat de la recherche des œufs dans les urines (" gold standard ") et au résultat de l'hémagglutination de Fumouze (test sérologique de référence). Les essais en laboratoire montrent que l'ELISA et l'agglutination sur billes de latex sont sensibles et spécifiques. Les essais en population de comparaison entre indiquent que ces dosages sont assez spécifiques mais peu sensibles mais ces dosages sont comparables à l'hémagglutination de Fumouze : ils sont aussi sensibles et spécifiques. Le dosage en sang total est moins performant que le dosage sur sérum. L'amélioration des deux techniques mises au point est encore nécessaire. Toutefois, l'application de ces techniques à l'analyse sérologique d'autres maladies infectieuses, liées à l'eau ou non, est envisageable. Ces techniques de " basse technologie " présentent un grand intérêt dans le cadre de campagnes de dépistage ou de surveillance de maladies infectieuses, lorsque les ressources financières et pratiques sont limitées
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Knappik, Michael. "Aufbau und Evaluation eines NANP19-Circumsporozoitenprotein-Antikörper ELISA Tests zum Nachweis von Plasmodium falciparum Infektionen bei nichtimmunen Reisenden." Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-156970.

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7

Fernandes-Rouviere, Isabelle. "Caractérisation d'antigènes recombinants en vue du développement de tests ELISA discriminatoires de la fièvre Q chez les ruminants." Nice, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NICE4008.

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Q fever is a worldwide zoonosis due to Coxiella burnetii. Ruminants are the main source of human contamination by excretion of the bacteria into the environment. In ruminants, Q fever can provoke abortions and stillbirths. To diagnose Q fever in ruminants, several serological tests, based on whole bacteria as antigens, are available. These tests are poorly standardized and discordant results may be observed. Moreover, they cannot distinguish neither the different phases of infection nor the infected animals from the vaccinated. Hence, an ELISA test, based on recombinant antigens, would be useful to improve diagnosis of Q fever in ruminants. This work have identified such specific markers of infection or vaccination. The HspB protein would be a marker for recent infection and reactivation of infection. Furthermore, the AdaA protein have been tested for its capability to identify a Q fever abortion in ruminants. The use of this protein in ELISA could indicate a Q fever abortion. However, a gene variability have been observed among the C. Burnetii strains studied: a duplication have been, for the first time, observed in some strains. Regarding the identification of vaccine protection markers, we have shown that the 27 kDa OMP could be an interesting marker. Lastly, regarding the bacterial excretion, we have also identified, by western blotting, potential markers linked to high excretion levels of C. Burnetii in vaginal secretion. The analysis of these proteins, by protein microarray, are currently being processed. The results obtained during this study have permitted to see ways in the development of ELISA tests using recombinant antigens to diagnose Q fever in ruminants
La fièvre Q est une zoonose, due à Coxiella burnetii. Les ruminants domestiques constituent la principale source d’infection humaine via l’excrétion de la bactérie dans l’environnement. Chez les ruminants, la fièvre Q peut provoquer des avortements. Différents tests sérologiques basés sur la reconnaissance de l’antigène total de C. Burnetii sont disponibles pour diagnostiquer la fièvre Q. Ils peuvent donner des résultats discordants et ne permettent ni de distinguer les différents stades et formes de l’infection, ni de distinguer les animaux infectés de ceux vaccinés. Compte tenu de ces limites, la recherche d'antigènes spécifiques répondant aux problématiques du diagnostic de la fièvre Q chez les ruminants est un challenge important. Lors de cette étude, des marqueurs de l’infection et de la vaccination ont été identifiés. La protéine HspB serait à la fois un marqueur d’infection récente et de réactivation de l’infection. La protéine AdaA, a été testée pour sa capacité à identifier un avortement à fièvre Q. Son utilisation en ELISA permettrait d’indiquer un avortement à fièvre Q. Cependant, une variabilité génétique a été observée parmi les souches de C. Burnetii étudiées : une duplication d’une partie du gène, chez certaines souches, a pour la première fois été observée. Un marqueur de la protection vaccinale chez les caprins a également été identifié : la protéine 27kDa OMP. Concernant l’excrétion bactérienne, des marqueurs de celle-ci ont été mis en évidence. Ces antigènes sont en cours d’identification par via une puce de protéines de C. Burnetii. Les résultats obtenus ont permis d'entrevoir des pistes dans le développement de tests pour le diagnostic de la fièvre Q animale
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Frössling, Jenny. "Epidemiology of Neospora caninum infection in cattle : evaluation of diagnostic tests and herd studies /." Uppsala : Dept. of Ruminant Medicine and Veterinary Epidemiology, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2004. http://epsilon.slu.se/v175.pdf.

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Brander, Patricia. "Entwicklung eines ELISA-Screening-Tests mit dem genus-spezifischen Anigen Wijnberg zur Diagnose der Leptospirose bei Rind und Schwein /." [S.l : s.n.], 1987. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.

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10

Costa, Thiago André Carreo. "Utilização da técnica de Elisa com proteína A e anti-IgG para o diagnóstico sorológico da Leishmaniose visceral felina /." Araçatuba, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92206.

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Orientador: Mary Marcondes
Banca: Valéria Marçal Felix de Lima
Banca: Márcia Dalastra Laurenti
Resumo: O presente trabalho teve como objetivos estudar, em uma área endêmica para leishmaniose visceral, a soroprevalência anticorpos anti-Leishmania spp. em felinos, por meio duas técnicas de ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA), ELISA-prot.A e ELISA-IgG, utilizando-se 200 gatos. Para avaliar a performance dos testes sorológicos utilizados no diagnóstico da leishmaniose felina, foram calculadas as especificidades e sensibilidades de cada teste, bem como o índice kappa (k) para cada um deles, com o intuito de avaliar a concordância dos métodos com o teste parasitológico direto (padrão ouro). Foram observadas formas amastigotas do patasito em 4% (8/200) gatos. Pelo ELISA-Prot.A, 4,5% (9/200) dos gatos apresentaram títulos acima do ponto de corte para a espécie e, pelo ELISA-IgG, 11,5% (23/200) dos animais foram considerados soropositivos. O ELISA-Prot.A apresentou sensibilidade de 12,5%, especificidade de 64,5% e concordância fraca com o teste parasitológico direto. O ELISA-IgG apresentou sensibilidade de 25% e especificidade de 19,2%, com índice kappa também indicando fraca concordância.
Abstract: The present work aimed to study, in an endemic area for visceral leishmaniasis, the seroprevalence of Leishmania sp. infection in cats using two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques, ELISA-protein A and ELISAimmunoglobulin G. For this purpose, a total of 200 cats were employed. To evaluate the performance of the available sorological tests for the diagnosis of feline leishmaniasis it was determined and compared the sensitivity and specificity of ELISA-prot. A and ELISA-IgG, as well as the kappa index (k) for each one, to measure its concordance with the parasitilogical test (gold standard). Amastigote forms of the parasite were observed in eight (4.0%) cats. By ELISA-proteín A nine (4,5%) cats presented titer above the specie's cut off point and by ELISA-IgG 23 (11,5%) were considered seropositive. The ELISA-proteín A was 12,5% sensitive and 65,4% specific, and showed a weak concordance with the parasitological test. The ELISA-IgG showed a sensitivity of 25% and specificity of 19,2% and when kappa index was analysed, a weak concordance was observed too.
Mestre
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Maalouf, Rita. "Sélection de fragments d’anticorps dirigés contre les microcystines pour la mise au point de tests d’immunodétection." Thesis, Compiègne, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018COMP2424/document.

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Les cyanobactéries sont des micro-organismes qui préoccupent les autorités de santé publique dans le monde entier, en raison de la toxicité des cyanotoxines qu'elles produisent. Certaines cyanotoxines dont les microcystines (MC) sont des hépatotoxines inhibitrices de protéines phosphatases à sérine/thréonine. Aujourd'hui, plus de 200 variants de MCs ont été identifiés. Il s'agit d'heptapeptides monocycliques synthétisés par voie non-ribosomale dont la MC-LR (cyclo- (D-Ala-L-Leu-D-érythro-β-méthylAsp-L-Arg-ADDA-D-Glu-N-méthyl-hydro-Ala) est le variant le plus étudié en raison de sa fréquence et de sa forte toxicité. L’objectif de cette étude est le développement d'une méthode d'immunoanalyse rapide, sensible et fiable pour détecter les MCs. Le projet vise donc à développer un outil alternatif de détection de la MC-LR, qui serait mieux adapté aux analyses sur le terrain que les méthodes analytiques, biologiques ou les méthodes d'inhibition d'activité enzymatique actuellement disponibles. L'originalité de ce projet réside dans l'utilisation de deux approches différentes pour sélectionner de nouveaux anticorps spécifiques de la MC-LR. La première repose sur l'immunisation d'animaux de laboratoire, la technologie d'hybridation cellulaire et la sélection d'hybridomes sécréteurs d'anticorps monoclonaux. Si la méthodologie mise en œuvre a effectivement permis d'obtenir des immun-sérums spécifiques, la sélection des hybridomes d'intérêt reste à optimiser. La seconde stratégie mise en œuvre est basée sur la technologie du phage display pour sélectionner des fragments d'anticorps spécifiques de MC-LR à partir d'une banque de taille d’environ 109 phages, exprimant en surface des anticorps sous un format scFv (Shahsavarian et al., 2014). Plusieurs méthodes de criblage ont été développées et trois scFv ont été sélectionnés et étudiés, parallèlement à un quatrième scFv identifié dans une étude précédente (McElhiney et al., 2002), tous spécifiques à la MC-LR. Ces scFv ont été produits sous forme libre, soluble et leur spécificité à la MC-LR a été évaluée par ELISA et résonance plasmonique de surface. Les résultats obtenus montrent que les scFv sélectionnés sont tous capables de reconnaître la MC-LR. Néanmoins, ces résultats sont peu reproductibles et remettent en question le protocole de renaturation utilisé. Un travail de fond sur l’optimisation du protocole de renaturation s’avèrerait nécessaire pour les scFv ici sélectionnés, afin d’identifier les paramètres précis aboutissant à la perte ou au gain de leur fonctionnalité
Cyanobacteria are ubiquitous microorganisms that present a worldwide concern to public health authorities because of the toxicity of the cyanotoxins they produce. Some cyanotoxins are hepatotoxins such as microcystins (MCs). At least 200 variants of MCs have been identified till today. In our study, we focus on MC-LR, a monocyclic heptapeptide (cyclo-(D-Ala-L-Leu-D-erythro-β-methylAsp-L-Arg-ADDA-D-Glu-N-methyldehydro-Ala), since it is the most frequently detected and one of the most toxic. In our study, we are interested in developing a fast, sensitive and reliable method to detect MCs. The project aims to develop an alternative pollution detection method that would be better suited to field measurements than the physicochemical methods currently available. The originality of this project lies in the use of two different approaches to select a panel of antibodies suitable for the development of immunodetection tests. The first one is based on the hybridoma technology for the production of monoclonal antibodies. The second one is based on phage display technique to select antibody fragments that are specific to MC-LR from a library of approximately 109 phages, expressing on the surface scFv fragments (Shahsavarian et al., 2014). Two monoclonal antibodies were selected using the first approach, and their specificity was evaluated using ELISA technique. Along with three scFvs selected from phage display approach. An additional scFv was added to this list: 3A8, selected from a previous study (McElhiney et al., 2002) and also specific to MC-LR. The scFvs were cloned into an expression vector in order to get each clone in its scFv soluble form. Then, their specificity to MC-LR was evaluated using ELISA technique and Surface plasmon resonance. The results show a potential specificity to MC-LR. Nevertheless, these results are not very reproducible and call into question the refolding protocol used. A thorough work on this protocol optimization would be necessary, in order to find the key parameters that control the loss or gain of their functionality
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Rolland-Turner, Magali. "Développement d'un vaccin immunocontraceptif : mise au point de tests immunologiques dans le modèle vulpin et développement de vaccins ADN avec les antigènes spermatiques fSP13 et fSP8." Nancy 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NAN11303.

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Le but de ce travail était tout d'abord, la mise au point d'outils immunologiques permettant l'analyse de la réponse immune humorale et cellulaire chez le renard (Vulpes vulpes). Après avoir sélectionné des anticorps reconnaissant les différentes classes d'immunoglobuline de renard, le modèle antigénique ovalbumine et choléra toxine B a été utilisé pour mettre au point les techniques ELISA et ELISPOT. Quatre cytokines vulpines Il2, Il6, Il10 et INFy ont été clonées et séquencées, et une technique d'analyse de leur expression par RT-PCR quantitative, après re-stimulation antigénique in vitro de PBMCs vulpins a été mise au point. Par la suite, différents vaccins ADN utilisant le vecteur vaccinaI commercial pVAX1 et les antigènes spermatiques spécifiques du testicule fSP13 et fSP8 identifiés au laboratoire ont été construits. La fonctionnalité de celles-ci à tout d'abord été testée in vitro pour l'expression de fSP 13 et fSP8 après transfection de cellules MDCK.
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13

Aroussi, Abdelkrim. "Détection de l’ADN de Toxoplasma gondii et évaluation des performances de deux tests sérologiques dans la viande équine vendue dans les supermarchés en France." Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0026/document.

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En France, quelques cas de toxoplasmose sévère ont été liés à la consommation de viande de cheval qui avait été importée du continent américain où les souches atypiques de Toxoplasma gondii sont plus fréquentes qu’en Europe. De nombreuses études de séroprévalence existent dans la littérature mais l’estimation du risque d’infection par T. gondii après consommation de viande de cheval est impossible à cause de l’absence de validation des tests sérologiques et la corrélation inconnue entre la détection des anticorps anti T. gondii et la présence de kystes dans les tissus. Nous avons utilisé la technique de capture magnétique-réaction de polymérisation en chaine (CM-PCR) pour détecter l’ADN de T. gondii dans 231 échantillons de viande de cheval achetés dans des supermarchés en France et évalué la performance et le niveau d’agrément du test d’agglutination modifié (MAT) et de la méthode immuno-enzymatique ELISA dans les jus de viande. Nous avons également utilisé 196 sérums de chevaux provenant de l'institut français du cheval et de l'équitation à Chamberet, en France, pour évaluer la précision des tests sérologiques ELISA, MAT et le test d’immunofluorescence (IFAT). Les tests sérologiques manquaient de sensibilité, de spécificité, d’agrément entre eux et il n’y avait pas de corrélation avec la présence d’ADN de T. gondii dans la viande de cheval, ce qui suscite des doutes sur la fiabilité des données de séroprévalence de T. gondii chez les chevaux dans la littérature. L’ADN de T. gondii a été détecté dans 43% des échantillons de viande de cheval mais l’absence d’isolement de souche chez la souris suggère une faible répartition des kystes dans les muscles squelettiques et un faible risque d’infection par T. gondii avec la consommation de viande de cheval. Cependant, pour éviter tout risque de toxoplasmose, il est recommandé de bien cuire la viande
In France, some cases of severe toxoplasmosis have been linked to the consumption of horse meat that had been imported from the American continent where atypical strains of Toxoplasma gondii are more common than in Europe. Many seroprevalence studies exist in the literature but the risk assessment of T. gondii infection after horse meat consumption is impossible because of the absence of validation of serological tests and the unknown correlation between detection of antibodies against T. gondii and presence of tissue cysts. We performed magnetic capture-polymerase chain reaction (MC-PCR) to detect T. gondii DNA in 231 horse meat samples purchased in supermarkets in France and evaluated the performance and level of agreement of the modified agglutination test (MAT) and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the meat juices. We also tested 196 horse sera from - institut français du cheval et de l'équitation, Chamberet, France - to assess the accuracy of ELISA, MAT and immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT). The serological tests lacked sensitivity, specificity, agreement between them, and there was no correlation with the presence of T. gondii DNA in horse meat, raising concerns about the reliability of T. gondii seroprevalence data in horses from the literature. T. gondii DNA was detected in 43% of horse meat samples but the absence of strain isolation in mice from more than 100 horse meat samples suggest a low distribution of cysts in skeletal muscles and a low risk of T. gondii infection associated with horse meat consumption. However, to avoid any risk of toxoplasmosis, a thorough cooking of horse meat is recommended
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Khoury, Graziella. "Tests immunologiques miniaturisés pour le développement de puces à peptides et à protéines." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ECDL0001.

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La technologie des puces à peptides et à protéines a connu un grand essor dans le domaine de la recherche biomédicale et le diagnostic. Elle permet l’identification et l’analyse en parallèle de centaines, voire de milliers d’interactions intermoléculaires entre des biomolécules sondes (ex : antigène : peptides, protéines) et leurs cibles (ex : anticorps), présentes dans un milieu biologique complexe, comme le sérum. Ce travail de thèse consiste à explorer de nouvelles voies de fabrication de puces à peptides et à protéines, en utilisant une méthode de détection par fluorescence. Différentes chimies de surface ont été testées pour la fonctionnalisation des lames de verre. Des immunoessais miniaturisés ont été effectués sur puces pour la détection d’anticorps anti-histones dans le sérum de patients atteints d’une maladie auto-immune, le lupus érythémateux systémique (LES). Les performances analytiques de ces tests ont été comparées à celles des techniques immunologiques classiques, comme l’ELISA et le Western blot. Les puces à peptides ont été développées en vue de fabriquer à terme des librairies de peptides synthétiques sur support solide (synthèse in situ). L’optimisation des conditions de déprotection de peptides sur puce (étape clé de la synthèse in situ) a d’abord été effectuée sur un peptide, fragment de protéine histone H3, présynthétisé sur résine et protégé au niveau de sa chaîne latérale. Ce peptide a été immobilisé (par voie ex situ) et déprotégé à l’acide trifluoroacétique (TFA) sur support de verre aminé. La déprotection dans une solution d’acide concentré a permis de conserver la stabilité des surfaces fonctionnalisées, et de conférer au peptide déprotégé son interaction biologique avec un anticorps anti-histone H3 peptide. Ces résultats corrélaient avec ceux obtenus en ELISA entre le peptide présynthétisé protégé ou déprotégé sur résine et l’anticorps spécifique. Le même peptide a été ensuite synthétisé sur supports Si/SiO2 aminés. Les surfaces ont conservé une bonne stabilité vis-à-vis des différents traitements effectués au cours de la synthèse et après la déprotection finale du peptide sur le support. Cependant, l’activité biologique du peptide synthétisé in situ doit être davantage étudiée, et le peptide doit être clivé et caractérisé par des techniques analytiques, comme la spectrométrie de masse. Les puces à protéines ont été élaborées en testant deux chimies de surface pour l’immobilisation de protéines histones : surface NHS (N-hydroxysuccinimide) ester et surface aminée modifiée avec le copolymère AMMVE (Anhydride Maléique-alt-Méthyl Vinyl Ether). Les immunoessais effectués sur les lames AMMVE ont permis d’atteindre un seuil inférieur de détection de l’anticorps commercial 50 fois plus bas que celui atteint en ELISA. Par ailleurs le volume d’analyte utilisé avec les immunoessais sur verre ont été réduits d’un facteur 100 par rapport à un ELISA classique. Les lames AMMVE ont été utilisées pour analyser des sérums humains issus de patients atteints de LES. Les tests effectués sur verre AMMVE étaient plus sensibles que les immunoessais classiques ELISA et Western blot
Peptide and protein microarrays technology has shown great advancements in the field of biomedical research and diagnosis. It allows parallel analysis of multiple biomolecular interactions between probes (e. G. Antigen: peptide, protein) and their targets, present in a complexe biological sample, such as serum. This work consists to explore new methods for peptide and protein microarrays implementation, using fluorescent detection. Different surface chemistries have been developed to functionalize glass slides for the immobilization of peptide or proteins. Miniaturized immunoassays have been realized on microarrays for the detection of anti-histones antibodies in the sera of patients with auto-immune disease, the systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Analytical performances of these tests were compared with those of classical immunoassays, such as ELISA and Western blot. The aim of peptide microarrays development is to elaborate peptide libraries on solid support by in situ peptide synthesis. One of the key points of in situ synthesis is the final deprotection of the peptide on the support. This step was first optimized using a presynthesized side chain protected peptide, a fragment of histone H3 protein, presynthesized on resin. The peptide was immobilized onto amino functionalized glass surface by activation of its C-terminus (ex situ immobilization). The deprotection was carried out by using concentrated trifluoroacetic acid solution (TFA). This protocol allowed to conserve the stability of functionalized surfaces, and the biological interaction of the deprotected peptide with anti-histone H3 antibody. These results correlated with those obtained in classical ELISA between the specific antibody and the presynthesized protected peptide, versus non protected peptide. The same peptide epitope was then synthesized in situ on Si/SiO2 aminated support. The surface showed good stability after different synthesis cycles and acid deprotection on the substrate. However, the biological activity of the peptide synthesized in situ should be further studied, and the peptide should be cleaved and characterized with analytical tools, such as mass spectrometry. We also evaluated the performances of our protein microarrays for the detection of anti-histone antibodies in human serum of patients with SLE. We tested two surface chemistries for the immobilization of histone proteins: NHS ester surface and aminated surface modified with Maleic Anhydride-alt-Methyl Vinyl Ether (MAMVE) copolymer. The performances of our miniaturized immunoassays were compared to those of classical ELISA and Western blot. Results indicated that low detection limit obtained on MAMVE surfaces with commercial anti-histone antibody was 50 fold better than that of classical ELISA. Furthermore, 100 times less volume of biological materials are required. Our miniaturized immunoassays were more sensitive than ELISA and Western blot for the detection of anti-histone antibodies in human serum
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Nogueira, Maria Leonor. "Les auto-anticorps anti-filaggrine spécifiques de la polyarthrite rhumatoîde : production et concentration dans le tissu synovial, identification d'antigènes-cibles dans le tissu synovial, développement et validation de tests diagnostiques." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30027.

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16

Champy-Tixier, Anne-Sophie. "Extraction, purification, and structurala nalysis of glycosylated natural products, mimetics of native antigens involved in an immune response." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCE003/document.

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Cette these en cotutelle entre le Laboratoire Peptlab de l’Université de Florence en Italie et le Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie de l’Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté en France, porte sur l’extraction, la purification et l’élucidation structurale de saponines d’origine végétale en tant que mimétiques d’antigènes impliqués dans une réponse immunitaire. L’étude phytochimique de cinq espèces végétales appartenant à trois familles différentes, Fabaceae : Wisteria frustecens, Wisteria floribunda “macrobotrys”, Wisteria floribunda “rosea”, Caprifoliaceae : Weigela florida “rumba” et Polygalaceae : Polygala acicularis, a conduit à l’isolement de seize glycosides triterpéniques naturels parmi lesquelles six sont de structure nouvelle, une a été isolée sous sa forme native pour la première fois, et neuf déjà répertoriées dans la littérature. Les composés ont été isolés grâce à l’utilisation de différentes méthodes chromatographiques. Leurs structures ont été élucidées en utilisant principalement la RMN 2D et la spectrométrie de masse. Parmis ces seize molécules, six ont été sélectionnées pour être testées en tant que mimétiques d’antigènes impliqués dans une réponse immunitaire. De plus, un flavonoïde glycosylé extrait de Sophora japonica et un acide triterpénique commercial, l’acide ursolique, ont eux aussi été choisis comme mimétiques d’antigènes. Des tests immunochimiques (ELISA) ont été réalisés afin d’évaluer leur potentiel en tant que mimétiques d’antigènes dans le sang de patients atteints de sclérose en plaque ou du syndrome de Rett. Le taux IgM dans le sérum des patients atteints de sclérose en plaque ou du syndrome de Rett a été mesuré et comparé à celui de donneurs sains. Concernant la sclérose en plaque, les résultats sont peu significatifs concernant le potentiel des saponines en tant que mimétiques d’antigènes. Mais dans le cas du syndrome de Rett des résultats intéressants et surprenants ont été obtenus. En effet, l’hypothèse de départ était l’implication de la partie glycosylée dans la reconnaissance d’autoanticorps. Pour le syndrome de Rett, l’acide ursolique, qui est un aglycone, démontre une grande efficacité dans la reconnaissance d’IgM. Par contre, un triterpène glycosylé démontre lui aussi une efficacité semblable. Les résultats obtenus sont donc à analyser afin d’établir des relations structure/activité fiables
This PhD in co-direction between the Peptlab Laboratory of the University of Firenze (Italy) and the Laboratory of Pharmacognosy of the University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté (France), deals with extraction, purification and structural elucidation of saponins from plants as mimetic antigens involved in an immune response. The phytochemical study of five species from three different families, Wisteria frustecens, Wisteria floribunda “macrobotrys” and Wisteria floribunda “rosea” from Fabaceae, Weigela florida “rumba” from Caprifoliaceae, and Polygala acicularis from Polygalaceae, allowed us to isolate sixteen natural glycosides: six with new structures, one analyzed for the first time in its native form, and nine which have been already described in the literature. These compounds were isolated using various chromatographic methods, and their structures were elucidated using mainly 2D NMR and mass spectrometry. From the isolated glycosides, six were selected and tested as mimetics of native antigens involved in the immune response. Moreover, one flavonoid glycoside extracted from Sophora japonica, and one commercial triterpenic acid, ursolic acid, were also chosen as mimetics of native antigens. Immunoenzymatic assays (ELISA) were performed for each compound to evaluate their potential as mimetics of native antigens of multiple sclerosis and Rett syndrome. The IgM levels in sera of patients affected by multiple sclerosis and Rett syndrome were measured and compared to normal blood donors. Concerning multiple sclerosis, no significant results were obtained for saponins, but in the case of Rett syndrome, interesting and surprising results were obtained. Indeed, the first hypothesis was that the glycosyl part of the molecule could be relevant for antibody recognition. In the case of Rett syndrome ursolic acid, an aglycone without any glycosidic part, demonstrated a good efficiency in IgM recognition. On the other hand, one triterpenic glycoside showed similar results. These results were discussed to define possible structure/activity relationships
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Knappik, Michael [Verfasser], and Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Löscher. "Aufbau und Evaluation eines NANP19-Circumsporozoitenprotein-Antikörper ELISA Tests zum Nachweis von Plasmodium falciparum Infektionen bei nichtimmunen Reisenden / Michael Knappik. Betreuer: Thomas Löscher." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1036143708/34.

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18

Barbosa, Luís Miguel Marques. "Production and characterization of the fusion ZZapo-CBM64 for the capture and detection of apolipoprotein-A1 in paper tests." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/22709.

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Mestrado em Bioquímica - Métodos Biomoleculares
Affibodies (ZZ) são pequenas proteínas de afinidade que podem ser modificadas para se ligarem a alvos específicos. Estas proteínas têm sido sugeridas como uma alternativa a anticorpos, devido ao seu processo de produção mais simples e barato. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho de mestrado visou a possibilidade da utilização de um affibody (ZZapo) para a captura da Apolipoproteina-A1 (Apo-A1) e sua deteção com anticorpos Anti-Apo-A1 conjugados com Nanopartículas de Ouro (AuNPs) num Dispositivo Microfluídico Analítico de Papel (μPAD). Para atingir o objetivo proposto, a fusão de uma molécula com afinidade a carboidratos da família 64 (CBM64) com o affibody ZZapo (ZZapo-CBM64) foi desenhada, produzida em E.coli, sequenciada, purificada e quantificada com sucesso. A fusão ZZapo-CBM64 foi comparada com a fusão semelhante ZZ-CBM64, que tem afinidade para imunoglobulina G (IgG). Foi testada a capacidade de ligação das fusões à celulose, tendo-se verificado que ambas apresentaram alta afinidade a micropartículas e papel de celulose. Foi ainda testada a capacidade de ligação das duas fusões a IgG, pela utilização de IgG marcado com fluorescência. No entanto, ao contrário da ZZ-CBM64, a ZZapo-CBM64 não mostrou afinidade para a IgG. Um teste μPAD foi criado com barreiras impressas a cera hidrofóbica, e com um adesivo na base do teste, o que permitiu os testes serem feitos em superfícies planas e ainda contribuiu para um fluxo da amostra mais rápido. Os testes μPAD mostraram interações não específicas entre ZZapo-CBM64 e AuNPs, que foram removidas pela conjugação das AuNPs com Albumina de Soro Bovino (BSA) e adição de BSA e Tween20 à solução tampão. Os testes μPAD para deteção da Apo-A1 mostraram interações não específicas entre Apo-A1 e a membrana adesiva, que foram removidas pela utilização de um tampão de Bicarbonato de Amónia com BSA e Tween20. A deteção de Apo-A1 em μPADs não foi conseguida devido ao ZZapo-CBM64 não capturar a Apo-A1. Esta falha poderá ser devido a algum bloqueio da zona de captura relacionado com a estrutura 3D da fusão. De modo a ultrapassar esta questão, deverão ser realizados trabalhos futuros para o estudo da estrutura 3D da fusão, assim como estudo de outras fusões com diferentes variantes de affibodies para averiguar se o problema é exclusivo à fusão ZZapo-CBM64 ou não.
Affibodies (ZZ) are small affinity proteins that can be engineered to bind to specific targets. These molecules have emerged as an alternative to antibodies due to their simpler and cheaper production process. The objective of this work was thus to assess the possibility of using an affibody (ZZapo) to capture Apolipoprotein-A1 (Apo-A1) and its detection using Anti-Apo-A1 antibodies conjugated to Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs) on a Microfluidic Paper-Based Analytical Device (μPAD). To achieve the proposed objective, a fusion of a Carbohydrate Binding Molecule of the family 64 (CBM64) with a ZZapo affibody (ZZapo-CBM64) was successfully designed, produced in E. coli, sequenced, purified and quantified. The ZZapo-CBM64 fusion was then compared to a similar ZZ-CBM64 fusion (produced and purified in the same way) with immunoglobulin G (IgG) binding capacity, and tested for its cellulose binding capacity. Both fusions showed high affinity to cellulose particles and paper. They were also tested for IgG binding capacity, using a fluorescently labelled IgG. While ZZ-CBM64 successfully captured IgG, the new ZZapo-CBM64 did not capture the labelled IgG. A μPAD test was designed and produced with wax printed hydrophobic barriers, and the use of an adhesive membrane in the bottom of the test enabled running tests on a flat surface, and contributed for faster sample flow. μPAD tests showed that ZZapo-CBM64 and AuNPs had non-specific interactions, which were removed by conjugating AuNPs with Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) and using a buffer containing BSA and Tween20. μPAD tests for the detection of Apo-A1 showed non-specific binding of Apo-A1 and the adhesive membrane, which was removed by using ammonium bicarbonate buffer. Apo-A1 detection in μPADs was unsuccessful, which was shown to be caused by ZZapo-CBM64 failing to capture Apo-A1. This failed capture could be caused by the capture zone of the protein being blocked. Future works should be directed to the study of the 3D structure of this fusion, as well as the study of other fusions with different affibody variants to assess if this problem is exclusive to ZZapo-CBM64 or not.
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Rousseau, Florence. "Mise au point d'un test de sérodiagnostic d'infections à Chlamydia Pneumoniae : intérêt des peptides de synthèse dans une méthode immunoenzymatique." Amiens, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AMIED006.

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La microimmunofluorescence (MIF) est le test de référence dans le sérodiagnostic d'infections à Chlamydia, cependant beaucoup de réactions croisées sont observées entre les 3 espèces de Chlamydia et la lecture est soumise à la subjectivité du biologiste. Nous nous sommes intéressés plus particulièrement à Chlamydia pneumoniae car elle est responsable d'infections respiratoires chez l'Homme. Pour cette espèce, le sérodiagnostic est souvent tardif puisque les IgM apparaissent dans un délai de 3 à 4 semaines tandis que les IgG apparaissent dans un délai de 4 à 6 semaines avec la MIF. D'autre part, le portage chronique des anticorps IgG dans la population adulte générale (60% de la population adulte) complique l'interprétation du diagnostic. Le but de notre travail a été d'essayer d'obtenir un test sérologique qui élimine les désavantages observés avec la MIF. Pour ce faire, un test immuno-enzymatique (ELISA-peptide) a été mis au point. Six séquences peptidiques issues de la protéine majeure de membrane externe ou MOMP des 3 espèces de Chlamydia ont été sélectionnées. La technique a été validée à l'aide de sérums de souris obtenus chez la souris C57/B1 avant de passer à la sérologie humaine. Les sérums humains recrutés proviennent d'enfants et d'adultes hospitalisés pour affection respiratoire. Il apparaît que l'ELISA-peptide offre les avantages suivants par rapport à la MIF : spécifcité, précocité, non subjectivité, économique.
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Dubois, Christelle. "Confirmation de biomarqueurs pour le pronostic du sepsis et développement de tests rapides High plasma level of S100A8/S100A9 and S100A12 at admission indicates a higher risk of death in septic shock patients Top-down and bottom-up proteomics of circulating S100A8/S100A9 complexes in plasma of septic shock patients." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS521.

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Le sepsis est la 3eme cause de mortalité dans les pays occidentaux, avec un taux de mortalité entre 20 et 50% selon la sévérité. La « prédiction » du devenir clinique du patient est essentielle pour établir le traitement le plus adéquat. Quelques protéines marqueurs de l'inflammation ou d'une infection (CRP, procalcitonine) sont citées pour le suivi des patients en clinique mais manquent de spécificité pour le sepsis. D'autre part, les études « omiques » ont permis de générer des listes de biomarqueurs potentiels du pronostic vital du sepsis. En revanche, aucun n'a encore été validé et/ou confirmé en fonction de la gravité du sepsis et du devenir du patient. Il faut pour cela accéder non seulement à des cohortes de patients parfaitement caractérisées et également disposer de méthodes quantitatives robustes et validées. La spectrométrie de masse apporte une capacité de spécificité et de multiplexage à haut niveau qui permettait de confirmer l'intérêt d'une ou plusieurs de ces protéines dans le cas du pronostic du sepsis. Les dosages immunologiques apportent quant à eux en plus de la sensibilité et de la spécificité, une mise en œuvre en routine clinique simple et rapide. Dans un premier temps, une liste de biomarqueurs identifiés avec des cohortes de patients a été établie d’après la littérature. Puis, des méthodes de quantification de ces biomarqueurs ont été développées. Nous nous sommes intéressés d’une part à quantifier les calgranulines dans le plasma en développant des ELISA et des méthodes de spectrométrie de masse par des approches bottom-up et top-down. D’autre part, deux méthodes de quantification multiplexes ont été développées par spectrométrie de masse avec et sans étape d’immunopurification en fonction des concentrations des protéines présentes dans le plasma afin de vérifier la pertinence de la liste de biomarqueurs potentiels. Toutes ces méthodes ont été appliquées à une cohorte de 49 patients atteints de choc septique
Sepsis is the 3rd leading cause of death in Western countries, with a mortality rate between 20 and 50% depending on the severity. The 'prediction' of the patient's clinical outcome is essential to establish the most appropriate treatment. Some inflammation or infection markers protein (CRP, procalcitonin) are cited for clinical follow-up of patients but lack specificity for sepsis. On the other hand, "omics" studies have generated lists of potential biomarkers of sepsis prognosis. However, none have yet been validated and/or confirmed based on the severity of the sepsis and the patient's fate. This requires access not only to fully characterized patient cohorts but also to robust and validated quantitative methods. Mass spectrometry provides a high level of specificity and high multiplex capacity and that would allow to confirm the interest of one or more of these proteins for sepsis prognosis. Immunological assays provide, in addition to sensitivity and specificity, a simple and rapid routine clinical implementation. First, a list of biomarkers identified with patient cohorts was established from the literature. Then, methods to quantify these candidate biomarkers were developed. On the one hand, we have been interested in quantifying calgranulins in plasma by developing ELISAs and mass spectrometry methods using bottom-up and top-down approaches. On the other hand, two multiplex quantification methods by mass spectrometry with and without immunopurification step according to protein concentrations have been developed to verify the relevance of the list of potential biomarkers. All these methods were applied to a cohort of 49 patients with septic shock
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21

Kikkas, Ingrid. "Development of immunoassays for diagnosis of type 1 diabetes." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA114824.

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Le diabète de type 1 est une maladie auto-immune caractérisée par la destruction des cellules bêta des îlots de Langerhans du pancréas. Au cours de ce processus auto-immun, des auto-anticorps sont produits contre plusieurs antigènes des cellules bêta, par exemple l'insuline, l'acide glutamique décarboxylase (GAD65), la protéine tyrosine phosphatase (IA-2) et le transporteur de zinc (ZnT8). Au moins un auto-anticorps contre l'un de ces antigènes est présent dans> 95% des personnes atteintes de diabète de type 1 lors de la détection de l'hyperglycémie. Ces auto-anticorps peuvent servir de marqueurs précoces de diabète de type 1, car ils peuvent être présents des années avant l'apparition de la maladie, ce qui permet un diagnostic précoce avant les manifestations cliniques. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous avons développé, en partenariat avec une équipe de recherche clinique, une série de tests diagnostiques originaux, basée sur la détection précoce des différents auto-anticorps d’îlots de Langerhans à partir d'échantillons de sérum humain. Ces tests de diagnostic comprennent des tests bridging ELISA pour la détection d'auto-anticorps contre l'insuline, IA-2 et GAD65, qui sont rapides, facile à utiliser et n’utilisent pas de radioactivité. De plus, un test immunochromatographique sur bandelette pour la détection des auto-anticorps contre IA-2 a été développé. Le principal avantage des tests bandelettes est sa convivialité : les résultats peuvent être obtenus en 45 min en utilisant de très petits volumes de sérums et sans l'utilisation d’appareils spécialisés. Tous ces tests développés en interne ont été validés avec des échantillons de sérum de patients atteints de diabète de type 1 et de témoins sains et leurs performances ont été comparées avec celles de tests disponibles sur le marché. En outre, nous avons développé un test multiplex pour la détection simultanée de plusieurs auto-anticorps associés au diabète de type 1, ce qui permet de gagner du temps et d’augmenter la valeur diagnostic et prédictive du test par rapport à la détection d’un seul autoanticorps. Ce test multiplex a été validé pour la détection de deux autoanticorps (IA-2A et GADA) et comparé à nos tests ELISA de IA-2A et GADA
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of pancreatic beta cells within the islets of Langerhans. In the course of this autoimmune process, autoantibodies are generated against several beta-cell antigens, e.g. insulin, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65), tyrosine phosphatase-like protein (IA-2) and zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8). At least one autoantibody against one of these antigens is present in >95% of individuals with type 1 diabetes upon hyperglycemia detection. These autoantibodies can serve as early markers of type 1 diabetes, since they can be present years before disease onset, allowing for an early diagnosis before clinical manifestations. In the course of this thesis we have developed, in partnership with a clinical research team, a series of original diagnostic tests, based on the early detection of the different anti-Langerhans islet autoantibodies from human serum samples. These diagnostic tests include bridging ELISAs for the detection of autoantibodies to insulin, IA-2 and GAD65, which are rapid, non-radioactive and easy-to-use. Moreover, a lateral flow immunoassay (dipstick) for detection of autoantibodies to IA-2 was developed. The key advantage of lateral flow immunoassay is its user-friendly format: results can be obtained within 45 min using very small volumes of sera and without the use of any specialized apparatus. All these in-house assays were validated with diabetic and healthy human serum samples and the assay performances were compared to commercially available tests on the market. In addition, we have developed a multiplex assay for simultaneous detection of multiple diabetes-associated autoantibodies, which is time-effective and increases the diagnostic and predictive values of the assay, comparing to single autoantibody detection. This multiplex assay was validated for detection of two autoantibodies i.e. IA-2A and GADA and compared to in-house IA-2A and GADA bridging ELISAs
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22

Kalach, Nicolas. "Mise au point et validation des méthodes non invasives biologiques impliquées dans le diagnostic des infections gastriques à Helicobacter Pylori chez l'enfant." Amiens, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AMIED001.

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Le but de ce travail est de valider et d'adapter le sérodiagnostic ELISA type IgG et le test respiratoire à l'urée marquée 13C (13C-TRU) dans le diagnostic non invasif et le suivi de l'infection à Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) chez l'enfant. Nous avons comparé les résultats d'un test sérologique (Cobas Core Roche, IgG, 2ème Génération), avec ceux de l'analyse bactériologique et anatomopathologique des biopsies gastriques per-endoscopiques (méthodes de référence). Le test s'est avéré utile, mais sa négativité ne permet pas d'éliminer le diagnostic, en particulier chez les enfants de moins de 10 ans. En revanche, il s'est avéré peu sensible dans le suivi de l'infection à court terme. L'endoscopie avec biopsies gastriques pour culture et examen anatomopathologique reste donc la méthode de référence pour la détermination de l'infection aiguë à H pylori chez les enfants. Une recherche d'H pylori a été effectuée par culture et comptage de germes de biopsies antrales per-endoscopiques et par 13C-TRU. Le 13C-TRU s'est avéré sensible et spécifique. Le résultat du 13C-TRU est corrélé au comptage des germes, suggérant son utilisation dans le suivi de l'infection. L'analyse basée sur deux prélèvements, T0 et T40, est aussi sensible et spécifique et T40 est le temps le plus discriminant, représentatif de la valeur moyenne. La simplification du test par recours à un prélèvement unique à T40 est possible pour déterminer le statut de l'infection à H pylori chez l'enfant
The purpose of our study was to access the validity of the serodiagnosis ELISA type IgG and the urea breath test 13C(13C-UBT), in non invasive diagnosis and follow up of Helicobacter pylori infection (H pylori) in children. The results of a serological test (Cobas Core Roche, IgG, 2nd Generation) were compared with those of endoscopical gastric biopsies analysed by bacteriological culture and histology (reference method). This test seems to be sensitive and benefic, but a negative result does not exclude the diagnosis, especially in children under 10 years. On the other hand, this test exhibited a very poor sensitivity in the follow up of infection. Thus, endoscopical gastric biopsies for culture and histology remains the reference methode for the determination of acute H pylori infection in children. H pylori was searched for in children by bacteriological counts and culture on antral biopsies and by 13C-UBT. 13C-UBT is sensitive and specific in children ; it is correlated with biopsy bacteriological counts, suggesting the use of this test in the follow up of infection. The use of a two samples collected at T0 and T40 is also sensitive and specific and T40 seems to be the best discriminating time. The use of a single sample collected at T40 appears sufficient to define the H pylori status in children
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23

Martin, Jacques. "Apport de nouvelles technologies aux tests de diagnostic sérologique : de la molécule native à la molécule synthétique : validation par le modèle Chlamydia et le modèle rétroviral HIV." Tours, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOUR3805.

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24

Berger, Eric. "Les anticorps anti-mannanes dans le sérodiagnostic de candidose : intérêt et limites." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR2P104.

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25

Piano, Luciana Pereira de Almeida de. "Valor do teste de dosagem do Dímero - D plasmático no diagnóstico do tromboembolismo venoso agudo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5131/tde-13022008-100326/.

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Introdução: A doença tromboembólica é um distúrbio complexo multicausal com sinais e sintomas inespecíficos, confundindo-se com outras enfermidades. Devido à sua gravidade buscam-se estratégias objetivando obter um diagnóstico precoce. O teste de dosagem do dímero - D plasmático parece ser uma alternativa para exclusão do diagnóstico de tromboembolismo venoso agudo. Objetivo: Avaliar o valor do teste de dosagem de dímero - D plasmático, utilizando o método Enzyme Linked Fluorescent Assay (ELFA), na rotina diagnóstica de tromboembolismo venoso agudo. Métodos: Em 89 pacientes com sinais e sintomas sugestivos de tromboembolismo pulmonar e/ou trombose venosa profunda foram realizadas dosagens do dímero - D pela técnica ELFA no equipamento VIDAS® - BioMérieux. Foram calculados os valores da sensibilidade, especificidade, valores preditivos positivo e negativo e acurácia do teste, bem como a curva ROC da amostra estudada. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a exame por imagem para confirmação do evento tromboembólico agudo. Foi calculado o índice kappa para analisar o resultado do teste dímero - D versus resultados de exames por imagem. Resultados: Entre os 89 pacientes estudados (média de idade 54,3 anos; 51 mulheres), 36 (40,4%) apresentaram TEV e 53 não apresentaram trombose aguda (59,6%). Entre os pacientes sem trombose aguda 15 (28,3%) apresentaram resultado de dímero - D negativo. Todos pacientes com trombose apresentaram resultado de dímero - D positivo. O teste apresentou sensibilidade de 100%; especificidade de 28,3%; valor preditivo positivo de 48,6%; valor preditivo negativo de 100% e exatidão de 57,3%. A ASC para a amostra total estudada foi igual a 0,734, indicando que o teste é um bom preditor de trombose aguda. O valor do índice kappa para a amostra total foi igual a 0,24 (p<0,001), indicando uma concordância fraca entre dímero - D e diagnóstico confirmatório de trombose. Conclusão: A dosagem do dímero - D pelo método ELFA foi capaz de excluir o diagnóstico de tromboembolismo venoso agudo nessa amostra estudada. Os resultados obtidos nessa amostra estudada permitiram concluir que o uso do teste dímero - D em pacientes com suspeita de tromboembolismo venoso revelou alta sensibilidade no diagnóstico dessa enfermidade.
Introduction: The thromboembolic disease is a multicausal complex disturb with signals and symptoms that confusing itself with other diseases. Because its gravity strategies search objecting to get a faster diagnosis. The measure plasmatic D dimer test seems to be an alternative for exclusion of the diagnostic of acute venous thromboembolism. Objectives: To evaluate the value of the measure plasmatic D dimer test, using the method Enzyme Linked Fluorescent Assay (ELFA), in the diagnostic of acute venous thromboembolism. Methods: In 89 patients with signals and symptoms suggestive of pulmonary thromboembolism and/or deep vein thrombosis had been carried through measure D dimer by technique ELFA equipment VIDAS® - BioMérieux. The values of sensibility, accuracy specificity, predictive values positive and negative and of the test had been calculated, as well as curve ROC of the sample studied. All the patients had been submitted the image exams for the confirmation of the acute thromboembolism event. It was calculated kappa ratio to compare D dimer test results with image exams results. Results: Between 89 studied patients (mean of age 54.3 years; 51 women), 36 (40.4%) they had presented and 53 had not presented acute thrombosis (59.6%). It enters the patients without acute thromboembolism 15 (28.3%) had presented resulted negative of D dimer. All patients with thrombosis had presented resulted positive of D dimer. The test presented 100% sensibility; 28.3% of specificity; positive predictive value was 48.6%; 100% of negative predictive value and accuracy value was 57.3%. The area under the curve (AUC) to total sample studied was 0.734, it was showed that the test have a good prediction to acute thrombosis. The kappa ratio value was 0.24 (p<0.001) showing a bad concordat n to thrombosis diagnostic. Conclusion: The measure of D dimer by method ELFA was able to exclude the diagnostic of acute venous thromboembolism in this sample studied. The results obtained in this sample studied let to conclude that the D dimer test in patients with suspected of acute thromboembolism presented high sensibility to diagnostic of this disease.
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26

Garin-Bastuji, Bruno. "Le lipopolyoside S des Brucella en phase lisse : approche immunochimique : intérêt dans le diagnostic des brucelloses." Tours, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOUR3805.

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27

Oliveira, Flávia Carolina Souza de. "Padronização do teste imunoalérgico e de reação imunoenzimática aplicados ao diagnóstico da tuberculose e micobacterioses em suínos (Sus scrofa) experimentalmente sensibilizados com suspensões oleosas de M. bovis ou M. avium inativados." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10134/tde-15102012-091548/.

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Foi investigado o valor diagnóstico da resposta alérgica cutânea à tuberculina e do ELISA indireto, com antígeno recombinante MPB 70, em leitões experimentalmente sensibilizados, pela via intramuscular, com suspensões oleosas de M. bovis ou M. avium inativados. Foram utilizados 91 animais divididos em quatro grupos. Os grupos A e B, cada um com 25 indivíduos, grupos C e D com 21 e 20 indivíduos respectivamente, balanceando-se as características de raça, linhagem, faixa etária e sexo. Aos 21 dias de idade, todos os animais foram submetidos a uma triagem com a aplicação de tuberculina PPD de M. bovis, pela via intradérmica na base da orelha e não houve qualquer tipo de reação. Decorridos 60 dias do teste tuberculínico de triagem, o grupo A, recebeu injeção intramuscular de 0,5 mL de uma suspensão oleosa de M. avium estirpe D4; o grupo B, recebeu 0,5 mL de uma suspensão oleosa de M. bovis estirpe AN5; o grupo C (controle I), recebeu 0,5 mL do adjuvante oleoso e o grupo D (controle II), recebeu 0,5 mL de solução fisiológica. Foi realizado o exame histopatológico de biopsias das reações cutâneas e a colheita de sangue para o teste de ELISA de captura. Após 30 dias da sensibilização, foi efetuada a prova de tuberculinização comparativa com reação medida pela variação da espessura da pele com paquímetro às 0h, 24h, 48h e 72h, após a aplicação das tuberculinas. No teste comparativo, lido às 72 horas, a reação foi considerada negativa quando a diferença das reações entre o PPD bovino e o PPD aviário foi menor que 6,7 mm; suspeito ou inconclusivo quando a diferença se situou na faixa de 6,7 a 7,5 mm; e positiva para o tipo de PPD, considerando-se tuberculose para PPD M. bovis e micobacteriose para PPD M. avium, quando a diferença da reação foi superior a 7,5 mm. Nos exames histopatológicos, foi observado intenso infiltrado inflamatório linfocitário no local das reações intradérmicas dos animais testados com o PPD homologo ao tipo de micobactéria utilizada na suspensão oleosa sensibilizante. O ensaio de ELISA com antígeno, MPB 70 recombinante, foi capaz de revelar a presença de anticorpos contra o M. bovis, porém não revelou anticorpos para M. avium.
The diagnostic value of the cutaneous allergic response to tuberculin and Indirect ELISA test was investigated using MPB 70 recombinant antigen, in piglets experimentally sensitized intramuscularly with the oily suspensions of inactivated M. bovis or M. avium. The ninety-one animals used were divided into four groups. The groups A and B were formed each with 25 individuals, and groups C and D, with 21 and 20 individuals, respectively, balancing the characteristics of race, ancestry, age and sex. At the age of 21 days, all the animals were submitted to the screening test with the use of M. bovis PPD, by the intradermal route at the base of the ear and no reaction was detected. Sixty days after the screening tuberculin test, animals of the group A were injected intramuscularly with 0.5 mL of oily suspension of M. avium D4 strain; animals of group B received 0.5 mL of an oily suspension of M. bovis, AN5 strain; and the members of group C (control I) received 0.5 mL of an oily adjuvant and the individuals of group D (control II) received 0.5 mL of saline solution. Histological examinations of biopsies of skin reactions were carried out and blood collections made for capture ELISA. Following 30 days of sensitization, comparative skin reactions were measured by the variation in skin thickness with a caliper at 0h, 24h, 48h an 72h after applications of tuberculins. In the comparative test measured at 72h, the reaction was considered negative when the difference of the reactions between bovine PPD and avian PPD was less than 6.7 mm; suspected or inconclusive, when the difference stood in the range of 6.7 to 7.5 mm; and positive according to the type of PPD, considering tuberculosis the M. bovis PPD and mycobacteriosis the M. avium PPD, when the difference of the reaction was greater than 7.5 mm. In histopathological examinations, intense lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrate were observed at the site of intradermal reactions of the animals tested with PPD homologous to the type of mycobacteria used in sensitizing oil suspension. The ELISA assay with MPB 70 recombinant antigen was able to reveal the presence of antibodies against M. bovis, but did not reveal antibodies to M. avium.
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Haller, Logan C. "Development of a micropshere-based immunoassay for the detection of IgM antibodies to West Nile virus and St. Louis Encephalitis virus in sentinel chicken sera." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001505.

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29

Boufaied, Nadia. "Mise au point d'un test ELISA pour détecter les anticorps anti-Chlamydia pneumoniae." Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 2000.

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30

Silva, Gabriela Pagano de Oliveira Gonçalves da. "Estudo comparativo entre teste rápido imunológico (LID-NDO) e PCR tempo real de raspado dérmico em álcool e em papel-filtro na hanseníase." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17138/tde-17042018-135821/.

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A hanseníase é uma doença infecciosa que acomete pele e nervos periféricos. Seu diagnóstico é baseado eminentemente nos seus aspectos clínicos variáveis e poucos são os exames complementares que auxiliam no diagnóstico, como baciloscopia do raspado intradérmico, histopatologia, ELISA anti- PGL1 (APGL1) e anti-LID, geralmente positivos nas formas multibacilares, dificultando o diagnóstico das formas paucibacilares. Busca-se comparar os resultados obtidos com o teste rápido imunológico (LID-NDO) Orange Life® com os resultados da PCR tempo real realizada nas amostras de raspado intradérmico e os resultados do ELISA APGL1 coletadas durante a ação por demanda espontânea (Hanseníase Brasília 2014), além de comparar eficiência entre dois métodos diferentes de conservação destas amostras (papel-filtro x álcool). Foram coletadas 277 amostras de raspado dérmico de 50 pacientes clinicamente diagnosticados com hanseníase durante a ação. Na mesma ocasião, os indivíduos diagnosticados foram submetidos à coleta de sangue periférico para teste rápido sorológico (Orange Life®) e ELISA APGL1. A extração de DNA do raspado intradérmico, armazenado no álcool e no papel-filtro, foi realizada no Laboratório de Dermatologia do HC-FMRP-USP. A PCR em tempo real foi realizada usando par de primers específicos RLEP, e o master mix sybr greenPromega. Dos 50 pacientes diagnosticados clinicamente, 90% são multibacilares. Todos os testes, tanto o teste rápido sorológico como a PCR, apresentaram maior positividade nos pacientes multibacilares. O teste rápido sorológico foi positivo em 64,44% dos pacientes multibacilares e em 40% dos paucibacilares. A PCR nas amostras armazenadas no álcool foi positiva em 19,05% dos pacientes multibacilares e a PCR do papel-filtro em 17,78%; nenhuma PCR foi positiva em pacientes paucibacilares. O ELISA APGL foi positivo em 56% dos pacientes diagnosticados. Na PCR das amostras armazenadas no papel-filtro, o sítio de coleta com maior positividade foram os cotovelos (75%). A concordância entre o teste rápido sorológico e a PCR e a concordância entre o teste rápido e o ELISA APGL1 foram fair (suave). Já a concordância entre a PCR das amostras armazenadas no álcool e a PCR das amostras armazenadas no papel-filtro foi perfeita. Concluímos que o exame clínico é ainda essencial para o diagnóstico da hanseníase, principalmente das formas paucibacilares. Os métodos de armazenamento do material coletado por raspado intradérmico (papel-filtro x álcool) não interferiram no resultado final da PCR, portanto o armazenamento no papel-filtro pode ser feito preferencialmente, pois apresenta menor custo para a extração de DNA. O teste rápido sorológico e o ELISA anti-PGL1 têm baixa especificidade, porém podem ter outras aplicações, diferentes do diagnóstico da hanseníase.
Leprosy is an infectious disease that affects skin and peripheral nerves. Leprosy diagnosis is mainly based on its variable clinical aspects and few complementary tests that aid in the diagnosis, such as bacilloscopy, histopathology, besides the antiPGL1 ELISA (APGL1) and anti-LID, all of which are generally positive in multibacillary forms, confirming the difficulty in diagnosis of paucibacillary patients. The aim of this study was to compare the results obtained with the Orange Life® Immunological Rapid Test (LID-NDO) with the real-time PCR results obtained in the intradermal scraping samples and the results of the ELISA APGL1, collected during the \"Hanseníase\" action in Brasília in January 2014, in addition to comparing efficiency between two different methods of preservation of these samples (filter paper x alcohol). A total of 277 dermal smear samples were collected from 50 patients clinically diagnosed with leprosy during the procedure. At the same time, the individuals diagnosed were submitted to peripheral blood collection for serological rapid test (Orange Life®) and ELISA APGL1. The extraction of DNA from intradermal scrapings, stored in alcohol and filter paper, was carried out at the Dermatology Laboratory of HC-FMRP-USP. Real-time PCR was performed using a pair of primers specific for the RLEP gene, and the master sybr green-Promega. From 50 patients diagnosed clinically, 90% are multibacillary. All tests, both the serological rapid test and the PCR, were more positive in multibacillary patients. The rapid serological test was positive in 64.44% of the multibacillary patients, and in 40% of the paucibacillary. The PCR in the samples stored in the alcohol was positive in 19.05% of the multibacillary patients and the PCR of the filter paper in 17.78%; PCR weren\'t positive in paucibacillary patients. ELISA APGL was positive in 56% (28) of the diagnosed patients. In the PCR of the samples stored in the filter paper, the collection site with the highest positivity was the elbows (75%). The agreement between the rapid serological test and the PCR and the agreement between the rapid test and the ELISA APGL1 were fair. The agreement between the PCR of the samples stored in the alcohol and the PCR of the samples stored on the filter paper was perfect. We conclude that the clinical examination is still essential for the diagnosis of leprosy, especially in paucibacillary forms. We also concluded that the methods of storing the material collected by intradermal scraping (filter paper x alcohol) do not interfere in the final result of the PCR, therefore the storage in the filter paper can be done preferentially because it presents a lower cost for the extraction of DNA. Rapid serological test and the anti-PGL1 ELISA have low specificity, but may have other different applications than the diagnosis of leprosy.
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31

Araujo, Rafael Ferreira [UNESP]. "Resposta sorológica de bovinos vacinados contra o Clostridium chauvoei avaliada pelos testes de aglutinação em placa e Elisa." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94647.

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O carbúnculo sintomático é um problema sanitário mundial, responsável por elevados coeficientes de mortalidade em bovinos e ovinos. A imunização dos animais jovens, seguida de reforço anual até 2,5 anos de idade, é a principal medida profilática. Foram realizados três experimentos distintos com intuito de avaliar as respostas sorológicas de bovinos vacinados contra o carbúnculo sintomático, pelos testes de aglutinação em placa e Elisa, empregando-se como antígenos a cepa de referência (MT) e uma cepa de campo (SP). No primeiro experimento, os bezerros foram organizados em três grupos (G1, G2 e G3) e submetidos a três protocolos distintos de vacinação empregando-se uma vacina comercial polivalente contra clostridioses. O G1 foi primovacinado aos 4 meses de idade e recebeu o reforço na desmama (8 meses). O G2 recebeu a primeira dose na desmama e reforço 30 dias após. O G3 foi vacinado somente na desmama. As coletas de soro foram realizas aos 4, 8, 9 e 10 meses de idade dos bezerros. O G1 apresentou a melhor resposta sorológica em comparação aos outros dois protocolos. Quando a avaliação dos grupos foi realizada aos 10 meses de idade, independente do protocolo empregado, a resposta sorológica foi similar. No segundo experimento, foi avaliada a imunidade natural passiva de bezerros, filhos de vacas vacinadas até 30 dias antes do parto (2ª dose), empregando-se duas vacinas comercias polivalente contra clostridioses. As coletas de soro foram realizadas aos (±)7, 45 e 90 dias de idade dos bezerros. Independente das vacinas empregadas na imunização ativa das mães, a resposta sorológica passiva dos bezerros avaliados foi similar até os 3 meses de idade. Houve uma correlação linear da resposta sorológica passiva dos bezerros com a data de vacinação das mães e o dia do parto quando empregado o teste de Elisa. No terceiro experimento, as 30 vacas...
Black leg disease is one of the most important sanitary problem, responsible for high levels of mortality observed in bovines and ovines herds. The vaccination of young animals, followed by annual booter until 2,5 years-old, is the major preventive measure against outbreaks. Three distinct experiments were conducted to measure the vaccinal response from bovines. The vaccinal strains used were the reference MT and field Clostridium chauvoei isolated. Sera from vaccinated animals were tested by agglutination and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (Elisa), both standardized for the present study. First experiment, calves were divided into three groups (G1, G2 and G3); and submitted to three vaccination schedule with a polyvalent vaccine. The G1 received first vaccine at 4 months of age and a subsequent booster after calving (8 month-old). The G2 received first vaccine dose after calving and booster at 30 days after. The G3 received only one vaccine dose at 8 months. The sera were colleted at 4, 8, 9 and 10 months for all groups studied. The G1 group showed the best serological response at 10 months of age in comparison to G2 e G3 and control. Moreover, at 10 months of age all groups presented similar levels of serological response. The second experiment, the natural immunity of calves, separated from their mothers vaccinated 30 days before calving with two polyvalent vaccines. The respective serum was colleted at (±) 7, 45 and 90 days of age. All calves presented similar serological response at 3 months of age, independent of vaccinal strain used. The third experiment, 30 heifers, Nelore race, aged above 4 years-old, without vaccination against black leg, were vaccinated with two Clostridium strains. When the SP strain was used the serological response was considered good in G3 (first experiment), second and third experiment for agglutination assay. To compare both techniques, agglutination... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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32

Albeer, Merna. "Evaluation of ELISA and rapid test for the analysis of fecal Calprotectin." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-227234.

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ABSTRACT Background Calprotectin is a protein found in the cytoplasm of neutrophile granulocytes. In the course of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), calprotectin is released during chronic inflammation in the gut. Activation of neutrophils during the inflammation is followed by activation and secretion of pro-inflammatory molecules such as calprotectin. Calprotectin is stable in stool up to 7 days and can therefore be used as a non-invasive marker for diagnosis, treatment and measurement of the disease activity in patients with IBD. The most common method for analysis of calprotectin concentration is ELISA. This method is time-consuming and many manufactures have therefore developed rapid tests as a faster alternative for quantification of calprotectin in stool. Aim The aim of the study was to evaluate one ELISA and one rapid test from the same manufacture compare the data with the existing ELISA-method used in the laboratory for routine analysis. Methods A rapid test (CalFast) and an ELISA method (CalPrest) from Eurospital, were used for analysis of calprotectin in stool. These two methods were compared with known concentrations of calprotectin obtained by the ELISA method from Bühlmann used in the routine work.  Results The results showed poor correlation between the rapid test and the ELISA method. Furthermore, the comparison between the two ELISA-methods showed a poor correlation. Conclusion Evaluation of the two new methods showed poor correlation with the existing ELISA method from Bühlmann. Evaluation of the rapid test did not show any correlation with the two ELISA methods and the data cannot be trusted. It is difficult to conclude which of the two ELISA methods gives accurate results due to the absence of an international standard.
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33

Vanat, Isabelle. "Evaluation d'un test ELISA pour le diagnostic de la métrite contagieuse équine /." Berne, 1991. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.

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34

Toscano, Ilda Antonieta Salata [UNESP]. "Influência das substâncias húmicas aquáticas na determinação de atrazina por imunoensaio (Elisa)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105676.

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Substâncias húmicas aquáticas (SHA) foram obtidas por processo de adsorção em resinas macroporosas não-iônicas, XAD 7 e XAD 2, dispostas em série. Após eluição com solução de NaOH, o extrato alcalino de SHA foi acidificado a pH 1,0 para separação em ácidos húmico (AH) que precipita, e ácido fúlvico (AF) o qual permanece em solução. Para caracterização físicoquímica do material húmico (AH e AF), foram feitas análise elementar, determinação do teor de substâncias húmicas e acidez total. Os resultados obtidos por UV-VIS e FTIR indicaram que AH apresenta maior número de grupos aromáticos em relação a AF, que em geral possui mais cadeias alifáticas. A aplicação da técnica imunoquímica, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), para a determinação do herbicida atrazina em águas foi avaliada em amostra de água contendo alto teor de matéria orgânica (~35 mg L-1) e baixo valor de pH (3,8). O efeito matriz devido a presença de SHA pode ser notado pela perda de sensibilidade da técnica, ou seja, os valores de IC50 variaram de 60 ng L-1, na ausência de SHA, para 112 ng L-1 em concentrações acima de 10,0 mg L-1 de material húmico e para 137 ng L-1 em pH < 5,0. Além disto, pode-se inferir que a luz solar aumentou a velocidade de degradação da atrazina na presença de SHA formando produtos, com partes de suas estruturas, semelhantes ao produto original levando a resultados falso-positivos. A quantidade de material húmico presente na amostra de água foi a principal fonte de erro na análise de atrazina, levando à interações não-específicas entre as SHA e os reagentes enzimáticos. O procedimento ELISA, aplicado neste estudo, pode ser utilizado para determinação de atrazina desde que se faça diluição da amostra até cerca de 2,5 mg L-1 de húmicos e em pH alcalino (7,0 – 9,0).
Aquatic humic substances (AHS) were isolated from water samples using Amberlite XAD 7 and XAD 2. After elution with NaOH solution, the XAD concentrated AHS was fractioned at pH 1.0 resulting in fulvic acid (FA - supernatant) and humic acid (HA - slurry). All humic materials were characterized with respect to elemental analysis, amount of AHS and total acidity. UV and FTIR spectra showed HA aromatic character greater than FA. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was evaluated by analyzing atrazine in rich-humic matter water sample (~35 mg L-1) and acid water (pH 3.8). From all the conditions studied the low pH (pH < 5.0) and high humic substances concentrations (>10 mg L-1) showed the greatest influence. The IC50 values to control sample (no humic) decreased from 60 ng L-1 to 112 ng L-1 to humic solution at >10 mg L-1 and to 137 ng L-1 at pH < 5.0. The presence of AHS alters the photochemical behaviour of atrazine by accelerating its degradation forming metabolites which can be recognized by the antibodies. The assay performance showed a strong dependence on the pH values and amount of humic matter. However, analysis could be carried out directly in samples containing HA or FA that had been adjusted the pH in the range between 7.0 and 9.0, and humic concentration at 2.5 mg L-1.
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35

Cruz, Jaqueline Silva. "Avaliação de testes diagnósticos para a identificação da infecção pelo vírus da dengue em pacientes com síndrome febril aguda." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2014. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/10291.

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Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil
A dengue é atualmente um dos principais problemas de saúde pública do mundo e segundo a Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) é a doença que mais acomete o homem na atualidade. Sua incidência vem aumentando e estima-se que 50-100 milhões de pessoas desenvolvam a doença a cada ano no mundo. O diagnóstico laboratorial da dengue é realizado por diferentes tipos de testes, entre eles estão o isolamento viral, o RT-PCR, e a detecção por ELISA ou por meio de testes rápidos do antígeno viral NS1 e de anticorpos IgM específicos contra o vírus. A fim de contribuir para um melhor entendimento sobre a validade destes testes em diferentes circunstâncias, o objetivo principal deste trabalho foi avaliar a validade dos diferentes métodos laboratoriais no diagnóstico da dengue. A sensibilidade dos testes diagnósticos, ELISA IgM, ELISA NS1 e RT-PCR, foi avaliada de forma individual e de forma combinada utilizando amostras de soro de 623 pacientes incluídos em um estudo prospectivo de vigilância de base populacional entre fevereiro e julho de 2010. A sensibilidade destes testes também foi avaliada de acordo com a duração dos sintomas, com o tipo de infecção (primária vs secundária) e, por sorotipo infectante. A especificidade de cada método foi avaliada em um grupo de amostras de pacientes com diagnóstico laboratorial de leptospirose, hepatite, doadores de sangue e indivíduos sadios. Os resultados encontrados mostraram que 240 (38%) dos pacientes com doença febril aguda apresentaram dengue no período do estudo sendo que 194 (81%) dos pacientes com dengue representavam pacientes com infecções secundárias, o sorotipo predominante foi o DENV-2 (70%). As sensibilidades do RT-PCR, do ELISA NS1 e do ELISA IgM na amostra de fase aguda foram de 83,3%, 31,7% e 30%, respectivamente. O uso combinado do teste RT-PCR e do teste ELISA IgM em uma amostra de fase convalescente foi capaz de identificar 100% dos casos confirmados de dengue. As especificidades encontradas variaram de 97% a 100% para o ELISA NS1 e de 55% a 85% para o ELISA IgM. Os resultados indicam que na fase aguda da doença o RT-PCR é mais sensível a detecção de anticorpos IgM e do antígeno NS1 por ELISA, entretanto, o uso de métodos diagnósticos adicionais pode ser necessário em pacientes com uma suspeita da doença e resultado negativo do RT-PCR.
Dengue is currently one of the main problems of public health and the world according to the World Health Organization (WHO) is the disease that affects more men today. Its incidence is increasing and it is estimated 50-100 million people develop the disease each year worldwide. Laboratory diagnosis of dengue is done by testing different types, which include viral isolation, RT-PCR, and detection by ELISA or by rapid viral tests NS1 antigen and specific IgM antibodies against the virus. In order to contribute to a better understanding of the validity of these tests in different circumstances, the aim of this study was to evaluate the validity of different laboratory methods for diagnosis of dengue. The sensitivity of diagnostic tests, IgM ELISA, ELISA NS1 and RT-PCR was evaluated individually and in combination form using serum samples from 623 patients enrolled in a prospective population-based study of surveillance between February and July 2010. The sensitivity of these tests was also evaluated according to the duration of symptoms of infection with the type (primary versus secondary), and the infecting serotype. The specificity of each method was evaluated in a group of samples from patients with laboratory diagnosis of leptospirosis, hepatitis, blood donors and healthy individuals. The results showed that 240 (38%) of patients with acute febrile disease had dengue during the study period of which 194 (81%) of patients with dengue represented patients with secondary infections, the predominant serotype was DENV-2 (70% ). The sensitivity of the RT-PCR of NS1 and IgM ELISA ELISA in the acute phase of the sample were 83.3%, 31.7% and 30%, respectively. The combined use of RT-PCR and ELISA IgM in a sample convalescent phase was able to identify 100% of confirmed cases of dengue fever. The specificities found varied from 97% to 100% for ELISA NS1 and 55% to 85% for the IgM ELISA. The results indicate that the acute phase of the disease the RT-PCR is more sensitive detection of IgM antibodies and NS1 antigen by ELISA, however, the use of additional diagnostic methods may be necessary in patients with a suspicion of disease and negative outcome of RT-PCR.
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36

Souza, Laís Cristina de. "Reconhecimento da ligação dos anticorpos anti-HCV com proteínas recombinantes do vírus da hepatite C por meio do teste ELISA." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/8396.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Viral hepatitis is a major public health problem worldwide and in Brazil. They are notifiable diseases and according to estimates, billions of people have had contact with the hepatitis and millions are chronic carriers. Infection with hepatitis C virus (VHC) is a major problem worldwide public health due to the high rate of progression to chronicity, the evolutionary potential for cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, major complications leading to death. In general it can be said that in the last decade there have been major advances in the diagnosis of hepatitis C. In this period there was progressive improvement in sensitivity and specificity of the tests used to detect antibodies against the VHC virus. However, it is necessary that more accurate tests are developed. Thus, considering that the concern for the detection of hepatitis C increases every day, especially in blood banks; the diagnostic methods of this infection are of great clinical relevance and may be used as markers chronicity and indicative of therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, this work proposed to evaluate the connection and recognition of anti-VHC antibody positive and positive genotyped samples in patients with hepatitis C through the standardization of procedures and solutions used in qualitative ELISA. There was the process of awareness of microplates with recombinant chimeric protein, made the analysis of sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility and validity of the method. We obtained from ELISA assays with standardized recombinant proteins a protocol able to have a good performance of the main components of the reaction, and antigens conjugated with good resolution. This study presented ELISA results valid 95.69%, 100% reproducibility, 94.5% sensitivity and specificity 99.3%, higher than the ELISA performed with multiepitopo protein MEHCV who presented with sensitivity (92.86%) and specificity (82.89%). The standard ELISA can be used as a qualitative serological technique aimed at detection of anti-VHC antibodies, as demonstrated with great reactivity in patients infected with VHC.
As hepatites virais são um grave problema de saúde pública no mundo e no Brasil. São doenças de notificação compulsória e segundo estimativas, bilhões de pessoas já tiveram contato com vírus das hepatites e milhões são portadores crônicos. A infecção pelo vírus da hepatite C (HCV) constitui um grave problema de saúde pública mundial devido à elevada taxa de progressão para cronicidade, ao potencial evolutivo para cirrose e carcinoma hepatocelular, principais complicações conducentes à morte. Em geral, pode-se dizer que na última década houve grandes avanços no diagnóstico da hepatite C. Nesse período houve progressiva melhora na sensibilidade e especificidade dos testes utilizados para detecção de anticorpos contra o vírus HCV. Contudo, é necessário que sejam desenvolvidos testes de maior acurácia. Assim, considerando que a preocupação com a detecção da hepatite C aumenta a cada dia, principalmente em bancos de sangue; os métodos diagnósticos desta infecção são de grande relevância clínica e podem ser utilizados como marcadores de cronicidade e indicativos da eficácia terapêutica. Portanto, esse trabalho propôs avaliar a ligação e reconhecimento dos anticorpos anti-HCV de amostras positivas e positivas genotipadas de pacientes portadores de Hepatite C, através da padronização dos procedimentos e soluções utilizadas no ELISA qualitativo. Realizou-se o processo de sensibilização das microplacas com proteína recombinante quimérica, fez-se a análise da sensibilidade, especificidade, reprodutibilidade e validade do método. Obtivemos a partir dos ensaios de padronização do ELISA com proteínas recombinantes um protocolo capaz de ter um bom rendimento dos principais componentes da reação, antígenos e conjugado, com boa resolução. O presente estudo apresentou-se resultados do ELISA com validade 95,69% , reprodutibilidade 100%, sensibilidade 94,5% e especificidade 99,3%, superior ao ELISA realizado com a proteína multiepitopo MEHCV que apresentaram com sensibilidade (92,86%) e especificidade (82,89%). O ELISA padronizado pode ser utilizado como uma técnica sorológica qualitativa, visando a detecção de anticorpos anti-HCV, pois mostrou-se com ótima reatividade nos soros pacientes infectados com HCV.
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Lago, Eloi Marcos de Oliveira. "Avaliação do desempenho diagnóstico do teste ELISA para a cisticercose em inquéritos sorológicos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9136/tde-10122007-141320/.

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O diagnóstico sorológico da cisticercose vem se destacando como uma fonte alternativa seguramente eficaz ao estudo da doença. Com a proposta de acessibilidade, devido primordialmente a relação custo, os testes ELISA são promissores à pesquisa sorológica de campo. O problema iminente está na utilização de extratos antigênicos capazes de gerar ao teste, parâmetros compatíveis para a pesquisa de anticorpos na população de baixa prevalência. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho objetivou a avaliação de um teste ELISA com alto valor preditivo positivo (VPP) para a pesquisa de anticorpos anti-cisticercos de Taenia solium em inquéritos sorológicos na população geral. Os antígenos ensaiados foram proteína 18/14 kDa de líquido vesicular de T. crassiceps (18/14-Tcra), liquido vesicular de T. crassiceps (LV-Tcra) e total de cisticercos de T. solium (T-Tso), respectivamente estes constituíram os testes ELISA-18/14, ELISA-Tcra e ELISA-Tso. Foram ensaiadas 610 amostras de soro de indivíduos supostamente saudáveis e 20 amostras de soro de indivíduos com neurocisticercose confirmados por critérios clínicos e laboratoriais. Após os ensaios, o teste ELISA-18/14 apresentou sensibilidade e especificidade de 100% e mesmo em diferentes prováveis prevalências (0,1; 0,5; 1,0 e 5,0%) o VPP e o valor preditivo negativo (VPN) foram fixados também em 100%. A repetitividade das leituras do teste expressa em coeficiente de variação apresentou-se entre 16 e 18%. O teste ELISA-Tcra não demonstrou o mesmo desempenho, a especificidade foi calculada em 96,3% e o VPP variou entre 2,6 a 59,3% para prevalências de 0,1 a 5,0%; quanto à sensibilidade e VPN houve similaridade entre os resultados. O ELISATso apresentou resultados ainda menos expressivos, a especificidade foi calculada em 95,7% e o VPP variou entre 2,3 a 55% para as prevalências de 0,1 a 5,0%; essa redução na especificidade se dá pelo aumento do número de resultados falso-positivos no teste em conseqüência da expressão de proteínas de alto peso molecular. Através dos parâmetros avaliados fica notório o desempenho promissor do teste ELISA-18/14 na pesquisa de anticorpos anti-cisticercos de Taenia solium em inquéritos sorológicos da população geral.
The serum diagnosis of cyticercosis has been highlighted as an efficient alternative source in the study of the disease. With an accessability proposal , due to the expense, the ELISA´s tests are promising to the serum´s field research. This problem makes necessary the use of antigens extracts able to give the test, trusted and compatible parameters to the research of antibodies in the population of low prevalence. In this context, this current work stablished the evaluation of the ELISA´s test with a high predictive value positive(PPV) to the anti-cysticerci of Taenia solium antibodies research in a serum inquiry of the general population. The antigens tested were the 18/14 kDa protein of the vesicular liquid of T. crassiceps (18/14-Tcra), the vesicular liquid of T. crassiceps (LV-Tcra) and the total of T.solium (T-Tso). That constituted in the ELISA 18/14, ELISATcra and ELISA-Tso test respectively. There were 610 sample of serum were tested of healthy people and 20 samples of serum with confirmed neurocysticercosis by clinical and laboratorial criterias. After these tests, the ELISA´s test showed sensibility and specificity in 100% of the cases, even in different prevalences (0,1; 0,5; 1,0 and 5,0%) the VPP and the predictive value negative (VPN) were also fixed in 100%. The repetition of the test expressed in variation coefficient occurred between 16 and 18% of the cases. The ELISATcra didn´t show the same development, the specificity were calculation in 96,3% and the VPP wanted between 2,6 and 59,3% to the prevalences of 0,1 to 5,0%; there were similarities of the results of sensibility and VPP. The ELISA-Tso showed less important results the specificity was calculated in 95,7% and the VPP between 2,3 and 55,0% to the prevalences of 0,1 to 5,0%, this reduction of specificity is due to the increase of the number of false-positive results in the test because of the expression of proteins of high molecular weight. Through these parameters it´s clear the promising development of the ELISA-18/14 test, as been arbitrary in the studies of serology inquiry in the general population.
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38

Boufaied, Nadia. "Mise au point d'un test ELISA pour détecter les anticorps anti-Chlamydia pneumoniae." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0015/MQ61718.pdf.

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39

Mansuy, Jean-Michel. "Application de L'Elisa utilisant les exo-antigènes de Strongyloïdes ratti au diagnostic immunologique de la strongiloïdose." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU31707.

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40

SAGNE, CALLOIX MARIE-CHRISTINE. "Hydatidose de l'enfant et de l'adulte : mise a jour bibliographique ; evaluation d'un kit e.l.i.s.a. ; a propos du suivi de 31 malades." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU31706.

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41

Mille, Mireille. "Application de la methode elisa au suivi sero-immunologique d'une population canine vaccinee contre la leishmaniose." Aix-Marseille 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX20905.

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42

Dornas, Fábio Pio. "Investigação sorológica de anticorpos IgM e IgG anti-dengue em crianças atendidas no Centro de Saúde Escola Dr. Edgard Aché do município de Ribeirão Preto,São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60135/tde-29062012-152741/.

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A dengue é uma doença infecciosa viral transmitida pela picada de mosquitos do gênero Aedes e é um importante problema de saúde pública mundial. A infecção por qualquer um dos quatro sorotipos (DENV 1-4) pode apresentar diferentes quadros clínicos: pode ser assintomática, causar uma síndrome febril indiferenciada, ou a febre da dengue (DF), a evolução do quadro clínico pode levar a dengue hemorrágica com ou sem choque (DHF/DSS). Um número crescente de casos de infecção por dengue em crianças têm sido observados nos últimos anos. Estudos de prevalência da dengue em regiões endêmicas são importantes para avaliar a incidência da infecção por dengue em crianças. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo é investigar a prevalência de anticorpos anti-dengue IgM e IgG em crianças atendidas no Centro de Saúde Escola Dr. Edgard Aché, localizado na região oeste de Ribeirão Preto-SP. Crianças (n = 271) de 1-15 anos de idade foram recrutadas de março de 2010 até maio de 2011. Depois de um termo de consentimento ter sido assinado pelo responsável, uma amostra de sangue das crianças, participantes deste estudo, foi coletada. As crianças foram classificadas em assintomáticas (n= 174) ou sintomáticas (n = 97), quando estas apresentavam um ou mais de um sintoma sugestivo de dengue, de acordo com critérios da Organização Mundial de Saúde. Anticorpos IgM e IgG anti-dengue foram detectado nas amostras de soro por um ELISA de captura padronizado em nosso laboratório. O ELISA de captura para IgG mostrou uma positividade de 9,23% (25/271) e o ELISA de captura para IgM de 8,49% (23/271). O ELISA de captura para IgG foi positivo em 10,31% (10/97) das crianças sintomáticas e 8,62% (15/174) das crianças assintomáticas, enquanto que o ELISA de captura para IgM foi positivo em 15,46% (15/97) das crianças sintomáticas e 4,6% (8/174) em crianças assintomáticas. Este estudo mostrou a alta prevalência de anticorpos anti-dengue em crianças da região oeste do município de Ribeirão Preto; mostrou também que a infecção pode ser causada de forma assintomática, e que a infecção por este vírus pode ser um grave problema de saúde nesta população, servindo como um alerta às autoridades de saúde.
Dengue is an infectious viral disease transmitted by the biting of mosquitoes of Aedes genus and it is an important public health problem worldwide. Infection with any of the four serotypes (DENV 1-4) may be asymptomatic or causes illness ranging from mild viral syndrome, dengue fever (DF) to dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). An increasing number of dengue infection cases in children have been noted in the last years. A dengue surveillance study might be an important tool in endemic region to evaluate the incidence of dengue infection in children. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of anti-dengue IgM and IgG antibodies in children in the Primary Health Care Center, Dr. Edgard Aché, located in the west region of Ribeirão Preto-SP. Children (n=271) from 1 to 15 years old were recruited during March 2010 until May 2011. After a signed consent by the person responsible for the children to participate in this study, a blood sample was collected. The children were classified in asymptomatic (n=174) or symptomatic (n=97) when they had more than one symptom suggestive of dengue according to the World Health Organization criterions. Anti-dengue IgM and IgG were detected in serum samples by a capture ELISA standardized in our laboratory. IgG capture ELISA was positive in 9,23% (25/271) and IgM capture ELISA in 8,49% (23/271) of the children. IgG capture ELISA was positive in 10,31% (10/97) of the symptomatic children and 8,62% (15/174) in asymptomatic children; while IgM capture ELISA was positive in 15,46% (15/97) of symptomatic children and 4,6% (8/174) in asymptomatic children. This study showed the high prevalence of anti-dengue antibodies in children in the west region of Ribeirão Preto. In addition, a high prevalence of dengue-infected children without symptoms was observed. The present survey demonstrated that dengue virus infection might be a problem in children\'s from Ribeirão Preto city and serve as an alert to the health authorities.
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43

Cavalheiro, Norma de Paula. "Análise dos Sorotipos do VHC Identificados em Pacientes da Cidade de São Paulo, Através de Método Imunoenzimático." Universidade de São Paulo, 1999. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5160/tde-08032005-144648/.

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CAVALHEIRO, N.P. Análise dos sorotipos do VHC identificados em pacientes da cidade de São Paulo, através de método imunoenzimático. São Paulo, 1999. 97p. Dissertação de mestrado - Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo. Com o objetivo de analisar a prevalência dos diferentes tipos do vírus da Hepatite C (VHC) em uma população de pacientes portadores crônicos do VHC, através de um método sorológico (MUREX HCV Serotyping Assay), foram estudados 219 pacientes, que apresentaram positiva a Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR), nested-PCR. Estes soros foram submetidos ao teste imunoenzimático para detecção dos anticorpos contra os tipos 1,2,3,4,5,6 do VHC. As amostras foram diluídas e incubadas na presença de peptídeos heterólogos de competição, com antígenos sorotipo-específicos do VHC. Dos 219 pacientes, foi possível detectar o sorotipo do VHC em 166, revelando uma sensibilidade de 75,8%. Os resultados apresentaram a predominância do tipo 1 (70,0%) em nosso meio, seguido pelo tipo 3 (22,3%) e tipo 2 (4,2%). Os sorotipos 4 e 5 estiveram presentes para 1,8% dos pacientes, sempre associados com o sorotipo 1. Estas amostras, apesar de cumprirem os quesitos de validade do teste, apresentaram leituras de Densidade Ótica muito altas para todos os tipos virais testados, inclusive controles positivo e negativo e a possibilidade de reações cruzadas, nestes casos, deve ser considerada. A confirmação por genotipagem e uma investigação mais detalhada sobre a procedência e formas de aquisição do VHC destes pacientes devem ser pesquisados. O tipo 6 não foi confirmado em nenhuma das amostras testadas e provavelmente não estava presente nesta coleção de amostras avaliadas. Os parâmetros epidemiológicos avaliados foram: idade, sexo e vias de transmissão. Dos 166 pacientes com diagnóstico para o tipo do VHC, 108 (65,1%) eram homens e 58 (34,9%) mulheres. A idade dos pacientes variou de 12 a 73 anos (média 41,1). As formas de transmissão mencionadas foram 52 (31,3%) transfusão de sangue, 18 (10,8%) uso de drogas injetáveis, 8 (4,8%) tatuagens, 6 (3,6%) provável via sexual, 3 (1,8%) acidente com agulha, 2 (1,2%) trabalho em área de saúde, 1 (0,6%) acupuntura, 1 (0,6%) hemofílico. Sessenta e um pacientes (36,7%) não apresentaram fatores de risco que justificassem a aquisição da infecção pelo VHC. Não foi verificada diferença significativa entre os tipos do VHC encontrados e os parâmetros epidemiológicos estudados. A predominância dos tipos 1, 3 e 2 é compatível com outros estudos, de genotipagem, que envolveram amostras brasileiras, particularmente da cidade de São Paulo. As amostras que apresentaram leituras de Densidade Ótica altas ou baixas, para todos os poços de uma mesma amostra testada, inclusive controles positivo e negativo, sugerem a possibilidade de reações inespecíficas ou cruzadas e devem ser confirmadas por outras técnicas de genotipagem ou seqüenciamento. A praticidade oferecida pelo teste de sorotipagem do VHC, apesar de não identificar os subtipos, pode ser útil na prática clínica e auxiliar no prognóstico da doença, não necessitando da tecnologia exigida pelos testes que envolvem biologia molecular.
CAVALHEIRO, N.P. Analysis of serotypes of HCV in patients from the city of São Paulo, by means of a enzyme-immunoassay method. São Paulo, 1999. 97p. Dissertação de Mestrado - Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo. With the objetive of analysing the prevalence of the different types of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) in a population of chronic carriers of HCV, through a sorologic method (MUREX HCV Serotyping Assay), 219 patients were studied who showed a positive polymerase chain reaction. This sera were submitted to immunoenzimatic tests for the detection of antibodies in relation to HCV types 1, 2,3,4,5 and 6. The samples were diluted and incubated in the presence of heterologous competing peptides, with microwells coated with serotype-specific antigens of HCV. Of the 219 patients, it was possible to detect the HCV serotype in 166, revealing a sensitivity of 75.8%. The results showed a predominance of type 1 (70.0%) in our medium, followed by type 3 (22.3%) and type 2 (4.2%). Serotypes 4 and 5 were present in 1.8% of the patients, but always associated with serotype 1. These samples, in spite of fulfilling the prerequisites of validity for testing, showed a very high optical density reading for all types of viruses tested, including positive and negative controls. The possibility of cross reactions in these cases should be considered. Confirmation by genotyping and a more detailed investigation on the origin and mode of acquisition of the HCV of these patients should be researched. Type 6 was not confirmed in any of the samples tested and probably was not present in this particular collection. The epidemiological parameters evaluated were: age, sex and means of transmission. Of the 166 patients diagnosed with the HCV, 108 (65.1%) were men and 58 (34.9%) were women. The age of the patients varied from 12 to 73 years, the average being 41.1 years. The means of transmission mentioned were blood transfusion in 52 (31.3%) cases, intravenous drug use in 18 (10.8%) cases, by tatoos in 8 (4.8%) cases, 6 (3.6%) cases were sexually transmitted, 3 (1.8%) were by accident with a needle, 2 (1.2%) through work in the health field, one (0.6%) through acupunture and one by being hemophiliac. Sixty one (36.7%) patients were not able to offer any risk factor which justified the acquisition of the HCV infection. No significant difference was verified among the different types of HCV found and the different epidemiological parameters studied. The predominance of types 1, 3 and 2 is compatible with other genotyping studies which involved Brazilian samples, particularly in the city of São Paulo. The samples which showed high or low dense optical reading for all the wells of the same samples tested even the positive or negative controls, suggested confirmation by sequecing or genotyping. The praticality obtained by the HCV serotyping test, in spite of the fact that it does not identify the sub type, can be useful in clinical pratice and helpful in the prognostication of the disease, not needing the tecnology demanded by the tests which involve molecular biology.
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44

Silva, Jaqueline Raymondi. "Pesquisa de infecções por Flavivírus da encefalite de Saint Louis, Rocio e Oeste do Nilo em cavalos, por inquérito sorológico e isolamento viral." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17147/tde-23062010-150025/.

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Arboviroses são grave problema de saúde pública no Brasil e destas destacam-se aquelas causadas por Flavivírus, dos quais onze já foram descritos no Brasil. Destes, dois importantes em saúde pública, e que pertencem ao sorocomplexo da Encefalite Japonesa, são o vírus da encefalite de Saint Louis (SLEV) e o Rocio (ROCV). O vírus Oeste do Nilo (WNV), introduzido no continente americano em 1999, ainda não foi detectado no Brasil, contudo sua introdução é muito provável. Neste estudo, avaliou-se a circulação de SLEV, ROCV e WNV em cavalos, por tentativas de isolamento viral e inquérito soro-epidemiológico. As tentativas de isolamento viral, em 11 tecidos cerebrais de cavalos do estado da Paraíba, resultaram negativas. O inquérito sorológico, por IgG-ELISA tendo como antígeno peptídeos recombinantes do domínio III da proteína de envelope de SLEV, WNV e ROCV, foi utilizado em 753 soros de animais dos estados de São Paulo, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro e Paraíba. Soros de 271 cavalos foram positivos para SLEV (35,98%), 254 para WNV (33,73%) e 144 para ROCV (19,12%). Portanto, o ELISA mostrou-se adequado, diagnosticando infecções prévias por estes Flavivírus. Também, observou-se intensa circulação destes vírus infectando cavalos nos locais de estudo. Ainda, obteve-se, pela primeira vez, evidencia de que WNV foi introduzido no Brasil e encontra-se a infectar cavalos nos estados pesquisados exceto Minas Gerais. Finalmente, o inquérito sorológico em cavalos mostrou-se uma abordagem adequada à vigilância das flaviviroses por SLEV, ROCV e WNV no Brasil.
Arboviruses are a serious public health problem in Brazil and, from these, the most important are caused by Flavivirus. Eleven Flavivirus have been described in Brazil. Of these, Saint Louis Encephalitis Virus (SLEV) and Rocio Virus (ROCV) are major public health problems and belongs to the Japanese Encephalitis Serocomplex. West Nile Virus (WNV), introduced in the American continent in 1999, has not yet been detected in Brazil. In this study, it was evaluated the circulation of SLEV, WNV and ROCV in horses, by viral isolation attempts and a serosurvey. Viral isolation attempts were performed in 11 brain tissues of horses from Paraíba state with negative results. It was used for the serosurvey, an IgG-ELISA with recombinant peptides of domain III of SLEV, WNV and ROCV envelope protein as antigens. Sera from 753 animals from São Paulo, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and Paraíba states were tested, and 271 of them were positive for SLEV (35,98%), 254 for WNV (33,73%) and 144 for ROCV (19,12%). Therefore, this ELISA has been a suitable approach for diagnosis of ancient infections by these viruses. An intense circulation of flaviviruses infecting horses was observed in the study sites. Besides, it was found, for the first time, the presence of WNV in Brazil, infecting horses from all the studied states with the only exception of Minas Gerais. Finally, serosurvey in horses proved to be an appropriate approach for surveillance of Flavivirus infections by SLEV, WNV and ROCV.
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PEREIRA, A. L. "Diagnóstico Sorológico da Paracoccidioidomicose comparando os testes de Imunodifusão Dupla (IDD) e Imunoenzimático (ELISA)." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2012. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/4543.

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RESUMO: A paracoccidioidomicose (PCM) é uma micose sistêmica causada pelo fungo dimórfico Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Está entre as infecções fúngicas mais frequentes da América Latina, sendo o Brasil o país de maior endemicidade, com maior prevalência na região Sudeste. O diagnóstico considerado por muitos autores padrão-ouro para a PCM é o encontro de células fúngicas sugestivas de Paracoccidioides brasiliensis no Exame Microscópico Direto (EMD) de escarro ou outros espécimes clinico, como raspado de lesão, aspirado de linfonodos, biopsia, etc. As provas sorológicas têm grande importância, complementando ou substituindo o exame micológico no diagnóstico/prognóstico da doença. O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar dois desses testes sorológicos para PCM: a imunodifusão dupla (IDD) e o ensaio imunoenzimático ELISA. A metodologia foi estabelecida comparando-se títulos de anticorpos obtidos de três grupos de pacientes: 142 amostras de soros de 83 pacientes com PCM (Grupo I), 49 doadores saudáveis (Grupo II) e 13 pacientes com IDD positiva para outras micoses pulmonares: 11 com histoplasmose e 2 com aspergilose (Grupo III). Nossos resultados mostraram que a 8 (9,6%) e 5 (6,0%) dos pacientes com PCM foram falso negativo ao teste de IDD e ELISA, respectivamente. Dentro do grupo de pacientes saudáveis, não houve casos de falso positivo na IDD, porém, 5 (10,2%) amostras foram positivas com títulos baixos no ELISA. Entre os 13 pacientes com outras micoses, o ELISA mostrou que 10 (77,0%) foram positivos enquanto a IDD não apresentou nenhum caso de reação cruzada. A sensibilidade do ELISA (93,9%) foi um pouco superior ao da IDD (90,3%). A especificidade do ELISA calculada como base o controle saudável e os pacientes com outras micoses foi 89,7% e 23,1%, respectivamente. A IDD mostrou uma especificidade de 100% para ambos os casos. Os valores preditivos positivos e negativos foram de 100% e 83,8% para IDD e de 88,5% e 90,3% para ELISA, respectivamente. A acurácia dos testes também foi calculada: a IDD teve 94,4% e o ELISA 86,2% de acurácia. Palavras-chave: paracoccidioidomicose, diagnóstico sorológico, títulos de a- nticorpo, Imunodifusão dupla, IDD, ensaio imunoenzimático, ELISA.
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46

MacMillan, Alastair. "The bovine immune response following Brucella vaccination and infection and the development of a discriminatory test." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313252.

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47

Yamamoto, Celia Regina Furucho. ""Diagnóstico da doença de Chagas em bancos de sangue: linfoproliferação, detecção de anticorpos e estudo epidemiológico em indivíduos com provas sorológicas inconclusivas"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5134/tde-03052006-133432/.

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O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a contribuição de linfoproliferação (1 parâmetro) em associação a provas sorológicas de alto desempenho (4 parâmetros), estudo epidemiológico (1) e parasitológico (1) em indivíduos com sorologia convencional inconclusiva para a doença de Chagas. Mostramos que o diagnóstico de doença de Chagas é provável quando 3 ou mais desses parâmetros são positivos em 7 (15/73). A combinação: TESA-blot e linfoproliferação positivos revelou-se útil diante de antecedentes epidemiológicos positivos
This study aims to evaluate the contribution of lymphoproliferation (1 parameter) in association with high performance serological tests (4), epidemiological data (1) and parasitological tests (1) for Chagas disease in patients with inconclusive conventional serological tests. We showed that this diagnosis is probable in individuals presenting > three positive of these 7 parameters (15 of 73 individuals). The combination of TESA-blot, lymphoproliferation was useful when epidemiological data were positive
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48

Parra, Andréa Cristina. "Investigação diagnóstica de doença concomitante babesiose e anaplasmose em rebanho eqüino, por técnicas de Nested PCR e c - ELISA ou ELISA indireto." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10136/tde-10022011-152248/.

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Em função da proximidade cada vez maior entre o cavalo e o homem, é de extrema importância ter conhecimentos das doenças que acometem os equinos, que por ventura, podem acometer seres humanos. Dentre muitas doenças, pode-se citar duas, que promovem grandes perdas econômicas aos rebanhos eqüinos, tanto no tratamento desses rebanhos, como com a morte dos mesmos, dificultando a importação e exportação de animais: a babesiose e a erliquiose (anaplasmose), que podem estar ou não associadas, acometendo um animal, concomitantemente. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar e diagnosticar doença concomitante babesiose (por Babesia equi ou Theileria equi) e Erliquiose (por Erliquia equi ou Anaplasma phagocytophilum), no estado de São Paulo, em rebanhos eqüinos, utilizando as técnicas de Nested PCR (Nested polymerase chain reaction reação em cadeia pela polimerase para diagnóstico de T. equi e A. phagocytophilum) e c-ELISA (competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay para diagnóstico de T. equi) ou ELISA indireto (para diagnóstico de A. phagocytophilum) e comparar os resultados obtidos nas diferentes técnicas em 250 amostras de eqüino (sangue total e soro). Como resultado, obteve-se 38,4%, 46% e 36% de positividade, respectivamente, nos testes de pesquisa de hematozoário, c-ELISA e Nested PCR para Theileria equi e 0%, 3% e 0% de positividade, respectivamente, nos testes de pesquisa de hemoparasita, ELISA indireto e Nested PCR para Anaplasma phagocytophilum, não sendo observada a co-infecção de Babesiose e Anaplasmose no rebanho estudo
Due to the increasing proximity between horse and man, it is of extreme importance to understand the diseases that affect horses which by chance may affect humans. Among many diseases, babesiosis and ehrlichiosis (anaplasmosis) promote high economic losses to horses herds in consequence of costs of treatment and also death, making it difficult to import and export animals: They can or not be linked affecting an animal at the same time. This study aimed to investigate and diagnose concomitant babesiosis (Babesia equi and Theileria equi) and ehrlichiosis (for ehrlichia equipment or Anaplasma phagocytophilum) in equine herds of the state of Sao Paulo, using the techniques of Nested PCR (Nested polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of T. equi and A. phagocytophilum) and c-ELISA (competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of T. equi) or ELISA (for diagnosis of A. phagocytophilum). Also to compare results obtained in these different techniques in 250 samples of horse (whole blood and serum). Results showed 38.4%, 46% and 36% positivity, respectively, in tests for the detection of Theileria equi through hematozoan, c-ELISA and Nested PCR and 0%, 3% and 0% positivity, respectively, in tests for the detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum through blood parasites, indirect ELISA and Nested PCR. It was not observed co-infection Babesiosis and anaplasmosis in the herd study
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49

Beaudoin, Axelle. "Développement et application d'un test ELISA pour l'étude des anticorps dirigés contre clostridium difficile." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/3958.

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Clostridium difficile est un pathogène entérique pouvant causer des diarrhées allant de modérées à sévères, des colites pseudomembraneuses et même la mort. Les traitements actuels contre la bactérie ont des taux de rechutes élevés. De plus, il n'existe pas à ce jour de vaccin permettant de prévenir l'infection. Cette étude épidémiologique porte sur la protection contre la colonisation et/ou la maladie conférée par la présence d'anticorps sériques naturels spécifiques aux antigènes de la bactérie. Nous avons développé un test ELISA (Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay) pour la détection des anticorps contre les toxines A et B de C. difficile et contre les protéines du flagelle (flagellines) dans des échantillons de sérum. Notre test ELISA servant à détecter les anticorps dirigés contre la toxine B a été calibré de façon à obtenir la meilleure corrélation possible avec le test de neutralisation de la cytotoxicité de la toxine B. Les paramètres du test ELISA ainsi mis au point ont été appliqués aux autres antigènes (toxine A et flagellines), pour lesquels un test de référence n'existe pas. Par la suite, nous avons tenté de définir le rôle de la réponse immunitaire humorale de l'hôte en corrélant les résultats de l'analyse des sérums de deux groupes de patients hospitalisés avec les informations sur le suivi des symptômes et la recherche de la présence de la bactérie dans les selles. Le premier groupe de patients nous a permis d'étudier la relation entre la survenue de la colonisation ou de l'infection par C. difficile et la production d'anticorps. Nos résultats montrent que les anticorps sériques ne semblent pas protéger le patient de l'implantation de la bactérie au tube digestif mais que suite à l'infection, une réponse humorale est mise en place contre les toxines du pathogène. Les patients du deuxième groupe, des patients hospitalisés infectés par C. difficile, ont été surveillés pour la survenue de symptômes sévères, du décès ou de rechutes suite à un épisode de maladie. Nous avons observé une plus grande prévalence d'anticorps sériques dirigés contre la toxine B et contre certaines flagellines chez les patients ayant eu une infection simple, sans complications ni rechutes. Les résultats de nos travaux indiquent donc que certains patients développent une réponse humorale contre les antigènes de C. difficile et que les anticorps produits, particulièrement ceux dirigés contre la toxine B, semblent impliqués dans la défense du patient contre la survenue de complications et de rechutes. Nos données laissent toutefois sous-entendre que d'autres caractéristiques de l'hôte contribuent de façon importante à la défense contre la colonisation et l'infection par C. difficile. Des travaux supplémentaires sont nécessaires afin de définir les paramètres qui permettront d'élaborer un protocole de vaccination optimal contre C. difficile.
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50

Souza, Camila Giuberti de. "Avaliação da sensibilidade de diferentes testes diagnósticos para a dengue." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2012. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/5960.

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Atualmente, a Organização Mundial da Saúde considera a dengue como a mais importante doença viral transmitida por mosquitos e estima em 50 milhões o número de novas infecções a cada ano no mundo. A expansão mundial dessa doença e a demanda por testes diagnósticos rápidos, específicos e de execução simples, aumentaram o número de novos testes disponíveis no mercado. Sabe-se que, para uma melhor utilização dessas ferramentas, é fundamental sua avaliação nos diversos cenários clínicos, epidemiológicos e laboratoriais. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar sete testes laboratoriais para o diagnóstico de dengue. As sensibilidades encontradas para os testes imunocromatográficos baseados na detecção de NS1 encontradas foram: 24,5% [16,2-34,4] para o Dengue Duo(Bioeasy) e 29,8% [20,8-40,1] Dengue NS1 Ag Strip (Bio-Rad). Para os testes ELISA NS1 as sensibilidades encontradas foram 43,6% [33,4-54,2] para Dengue NS1 ELISA Test (Bioeasy), e 54,3% [43,7-64,6] para PlateliaTM Dengue NS1 Ag-ELISA (BioRad). O teste NS1 que apresentou maior sensibilidade na fase aguda da doença foi o PlateliaTM (54,3%). Para todos os testes NS1 observou-se maior sensibilidade para o sorotipo 1 quando comparado com os demais sorotipos e, para o PlateliaTM, a presença de IgG influenciou negativamente na sensibilidade do teste. As sensibilidades dos testes para anticorpos IgM, variaram entre 27,1% [15,3-41,9] a 52,1% [37,2-66,7] em amostra de fase aguda, e 72,9% [53,8-81,3] a 97,9% [88,9-99,9] em fase convalescente. Todos os testes IgM apresentaram sensibilidades superiores em amostras de fase convalescente. Dentre todos os testes avaliados, o Dengue IgM ELISA Test (Bioeasy) em amostra de fase convalescente foi o que apresentou o melhor desempenho. Em amostra de fase aguda, o melhor desempenho foi obtido quando combinamos os testes PlateliaTM Dengue NS1 Ag-ELISA (BioRad) e Dengue IgM ELISA Test (Bioeasy) (76,6% [66,7-84,7]). Os resultados sugerem que testes de detecção de NS1 podem exibir sensibilidades diferentes, de acordo com o sorotipo viral e com a presença de anticorpos IgG. Além disso, nossos resultados reforçam o fato de que os estudos de avaliação de testes diagnósticos para a dengue e sua utilização devem levar em consideração o perfil epidemiológico da população
Currently, the World Health Organization considers dengue the most important viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes and it is estimated that 50 million new infections occur each year worldwide. The global spread of dengue and the demand for rapid, specific and easy to perform diagnostic tests has increased the marketing of new tests. For a better use of these tools it is essential to evaluate them in different clinical, epidemiological and laboratory settings. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of seven laboratory tests for dengue diagnosis. The sensitivities for the NS1 immunochromatographic tests were: 24,5% [16,2 to 34,4] for Dengue Duo (Bioeasy) and 29,8% [20,8 to 40,1] for Dengue NS1 Ag strip (Bio-Rad). The sensitivities of the NS1 ELISA tests were: 43,6% for Dengue NS1 ELISA Test (Bioeasy) [33,4 to 54,2] and 54,3% [43,7 to 64,6] for PlateliaTM Dengue NS1 Ag-ELISA (BioRad). The NS1 test that demonstrated greatest sensitivity in acute phase samples was PlateliaTM (54,3%). For all NS1 tests greater sensitivity was observed for serotype 1, when compared to the others serotypes. The sensitivity of PlateliaTM (BioRad) was negatively influenced by the presence of IgG. The sensitivity of the ELISA IgM tests ranged from: 27,1% [15,3 to 41,9] to 52,1% [37,2 to 66,7] in acute phase samples and from 72,9% [53,8 to 81,3] to 97,9% [88,9 to 99,9] in convalescent phase samples. Among all the tests evaluated, Dengue IgM ELISA Test (Bioeasy), in convalescent phase samples, showed the best performance. The sensitivity in acute phase samples was 76,6% [66,7 to 84,7] when Dengue NS1 Ag test PlateliaTM ELISA (BioRad) and Dengue IgM ELISA Test (Bioeasy) were combined. Our results suggest that NS1 tests may have different sensitivities, according to the viral serotypes, and in the presence of IgG antibodies. Furthermore, our results emphasize that the epidemiological profile of the population must be considered in the use and evaluation of dengue diagnostic tests
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