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Journal articles on the topic 'Elite (Social sciences) – Europe, Eastern'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Bozóki, András. "Theoretical Interpretations of Elite Change in East Central Europe." Comparative Sociology 2, no. 1 (2003): 215–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156913303100418762.

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AbstractElite theory enjoyed a remarkable revival in Central and Eastern Europe, and also in international social science research, during the 1990s. Many researchers coming from different schools of thought turned to the analysis of rapid political and social changes and ended up doing centered research. Since democratic transition and elite transformation seemed to be parallel processes, it was understandable that sociologists and political scientists of the region started to use elite theory. The idea of "third wave" of democratization advanced a reduced, more synthetic, "exportable" unders

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2

Zimmerman, Andrew. "Race against Revolution in Central and Eastern Europe." East Central Europe 43, no. 1-2 (2016): 14–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763308-04302004.

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Racism and racial “science” emerged in Europe as an elite response to a worldwide wave of rural insurgencies that began in the era of the French and Haitian Revolutions and continues, in its own way, to this day. In his dialectic of lord and bondsman, g.w.f. Hegel formulated political, economic, and biopolitical ideas from the uprisings occurring in his world, creating a now long-standing dialogue between dialectical theory, including Marxism, and rural insurgency. Racism was part of a biopolitical counterrevolution that sought to maintain the power of elites over insurgent populations. Here P

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3

Adam, Frane, Primož Kristan, and Matevž Tomsšič. "Varieties of capitalism in Eastern Europe (with special emphasis on Estonia and Slovenia)." Communist and Post-Communist Studies 42, no. 1 (2009): 65–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2009.02.005.

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The authors proceed from the assumption that the institutional and economic efficiency of a particular country (or society) depends on its historic legacy or ‘path-dependence’, strategic interactions of the elite and the impact of the international environment. Estonia and Slovenia are both — not only economically, but also institutionally — perceived as relatively successful and prominent post-communist countries and new members of the EU. Yet they have developed completely different — in some aspects even diametrically opposite — regulative settings and socio-political arrangements. The main

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4

Kristóf, Luca. "From Nomenclature To Elite (Shlapentokh, V., Vanderpool, C. and Doktorov, B. eds.: The New Elite in Post-communist Eastern Europe)." Review of Sociology 10, no. 1 (2004): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/revsoc.10.2004.1.9.

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Serguei Alex. Oushakine. "Introduction: Wither the intelligentsia: the end of the moral elite in Eastern Europe." Studies in East European Thought 61, no. 4 (2009): 243–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11212-009-9093-z.

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Tesser, Lynn M. "Identity, Contingency, and Interaction: Historical Research and Social Science Analysis of Nation-State Proliferation." Nationalities Papers 47, no. 3 (2019): 412–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/nps.2018.33.

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AbstractScholars of nation-building and secession tend to prioritize elite or broader nationalist activism when explaining the proliferation of nation-states. Yet, recent historical research reveals a major finding: the influence of great powers tended to eclipse nationalist mobilization for new states in Latin America, the Balkans, Anatolia, and Central and Eastern Europe. Drawing on recent trends in historical research largely unknown in other fields, this article examines context, timing, and event sequencing to provide a new approach to multi-case research on nation-state proliferation. Ma

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7

Markowski, Radoslaw. "Political Parties and Ideological Spaces in East Central Europe." Communist and Post-Communist Studies 30, no. 3 (1997): 221–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0967-067x(97)00006-8.

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This article analyzes the structuring of party systems of four East Central European countries. At the outset an assumption is proposed that the region is by no means homogeneous (as is often treated) but exhibits different levels of ideological articulation and party formation. First, we concentrate on the left-right ideological identities and its' attitudinal-issue correlates as well as the social roots of left-right ideological orientations. The main part deals with socio-political attitudes as predictors of ideological orientations, both on mass and elite level. The results indicate differ

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8

EASTER, GERALD M. "Politics of Revenue Extraction in Post-communist States: Poland and Russia Compared." Political Theory 30, no. 4 (2002): 599–627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0090591702030004005.

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Since the late 1990s, a consensus has emerged among scholars of the post-communist transitions that an enfeebled state is not an asset but a liability to a transition economy. Moreover, it is now accepted that underdeveloped fiscal capacity is a leading cause of state weakness in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. This article compares the alternative revenue extraction strategies developed by state leaders in post-communist Poland and Russia. It stresses political institutional constraints to explain why Poland opted for a social pact with labor over household incomes, while Russia d

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9

Kirpichnikov, Ivan. "Integration in Muscovy: The Case of Ryazan Elite." ISTORIYA 13, no. 11 (121) (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840023147-0.

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The integration of previously independent political entities into a single political unit was one of the main challenges facing European Medieval and Early modern rulers. The case analyzed in this study is the Ryazan region located in the southern part of Eastern Europe, which was ultimately annexed by the expanding Muscovite state in 1521. The first part of the article covers the main historiographical approaches to the problem of regionalism in the history of Early Modern Russia. The second part is devoted to a discussion of the methodology and results of the prosopographical study of the Ry

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10

Zysiak, Agata. "Modernizing Science: Between a Liberal, Social, and Socialistic University – The Case of Poland and the University of Łódź (1945–1953)." Science in Context 28, no. 2 (2015): 215–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889715000083.

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ArgumentThis paper examines the postwar reconstruction of the Polish academic system. It analyzes a debate that took place in the newly established university in the proletarian city of Łódź. The vision of the shape of the university was a bone of contention between the professors. This resulted in two contentious models of a university: “liberal” and “socialized.” Soon, universities were transformed into crucial institutions of the emerging communist state, where national history, ideology, and the future elite were produced and shaped. The social university was transformed into a socialistic

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11

Azis, Aswin A., and Alifia N. Azarine. "Future and Challenges of LGBT in Eastern Europe: The Rise of Populism and Political Movement Analysis in Poland." European Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 3, no. 2 (2023): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejsocial.2023.3.2.399.

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Poland becomes one of the states located in East Europe that is recognized as one of the Soviet Union's “former” alliances. Following the dissolution of the USSR, Poland began to show its openness to become part of the European Union as a supranational organization that regulates various policies at the national level for its members. However, regulations regarding guarantees for upholding human rights for every individual, including the LGBT community group have resulted in a separate shift for Poland as a country that still adheres to the religious values it adheres to. This is caused by the

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12

KOUDELA, PÁL. "LITERARY SOCIETIES AND MODERNISM: THE SOCIAL COMPOSITION OF THE KAZINCZY CIRCLE IN KASSA AT THE TURN OF THE CENTURY." Hungarian Studies 33, no. 2 (2019): 185–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/044.2019.33.2.1.

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Literary societies are in focus both of literary studies and social history.1 In particular, they played an important role in the modernization of Central Europe in the 19th century. Becoming widespread in this era, they helped develop a democratic2 political culture and disseminated literature to a wider audience. Hungarian historiography has depicted this period as one of large-scale social segregation and a fragmented middle class which refused to have any contact with the bourgeoisie,34 while Slovakian historians have emphasized the exclusion of Slovaks from elite society.5 Kassa (today Ko

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13

Stoica, Cătălin Augustin. "Once upon a Time There Was a Big Party: The Social Bases of the Romanian Communist Party (Part I)." East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 19, no. 4 (2005): 686–716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325405281092.

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Employing survey data, this article highlights the following characteristics of the Romanian Communist Party (RCP): With an estimated membership of 33 percent of Romania's employed population, the late RCP was proportionally the largest Leninist party in Eastern Europe. Consistent with the socalled “deproletarianization” thesis, the RCP manifested a marked preference toward recruiting well-educated individuals and professionals among its ranks. The RCP also tended to recruit from among disadvantaged classes (in particular, peasants and their offspring). Despite some prowomen “ affirmative acti

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Stoica, Cătălin Augustin. "Once upon a Time There Was a Big Party: The Social Bases of the Romanian Communist Party (Part II)." East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 20, no. 3 (2006): 447–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325406290179.

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Employing survey data, this study highlights the following characteristics of the Romanian Communist Party (RCP): with an estimated membership of 33 percent of Romania’s employed population, the late RCP was proportionally the largest Leninist party in Eastern Europe. Consistent with the so-called “deproletarianization” thesis, the RCP manifested a marked preference toward recruiting well-educated individuals and professionals among its ranks. The RCP also tended to recruit from among disadvantaged classes (in particular, peasants and their offspring). Despite some prowomen “affirmative action

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15

Lengyel, György, and Borbála Göncz. "Symbolic and pragmatic aspects of European identity." Sociologija 48, no. 1 (2006): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc0601001l.

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It seems realistic that one of the long-term preconditions of European integration is the strengthening of European identity. Otherwise, it might happen that a growing split occurs between the elites and the population in the question of integration. In the Western European countries the concepts of Europe and the EU frequently coincide, while in the Eastern European countries Europe has primarily cultural-historical connotations and the EU embodies economic development and welfare. In an international comparison, European identity was stronger in the newly joining countries, but in some of th

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16

Aslam, Shahbaz, Arshad Ali, and Muhammad Farooq. "Framing of China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) in Elite Press of India and Afghanistan (2015-2017)." Asian Social Science 16, no. 7 (2020): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v16n7p57.

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$1 trillion Belt Road Initiative (BRI)&rsquo;s China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) component is a dimensional shift in Sino-Pak relations and a conception of shared future being heralded as the game changer for Pakistan as well as for the whole region. As a nodal part of the China&rsquo;s ambitious Belt &amp; Road Initiative that envisage to improve connectivity on transcontinental scale by connecting China to Central and Eastern Europe, the Middle East and Africa, the CPEC has come under attention of international media, policy makers, economists and academicians. This study d

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Török, Borbála Zsuzsanna. "Learned Societies and Academic Sociability in Nineteenth-Century Transylvania." East Central Europe 36, no. 2 (2009): 200–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187633009x411476.

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AbstractProceeding on sub-state and transnational scales, the study inquires into the cultural contextualization of those marginal territories of Europe whose participation in the larger circulation of knowledge and goods had faced prolonged infrastructural, economic, and political hindrances. The author seeks an answer to the question whether such regions with unusual social fragmentation, economic backwardness, and exotic external image do still belong to the “European” realm. Comparing the divergent trajectories of local learned societies in the eastern province of the Habsburg monarchy, Tr

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18

Schmidtke, Oliver. "Competing Historical Narratives: Memory Politics, Identity, and Democracy in Germany and Poland." Social Sciences 12, no. 7 (2023): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci12070391.

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This article considers the growing rift between Western and Eastern Europe regarding the commemoration of Europe’s recent past and related historical narratives of nationhood that shape contemporary political preferences. More specifically, it investigates the connections between collective memory, national identities, and democratic cultures as they manifest themselves in Germany and Poland. With the help of an interpretative analysis focused on the discourse of political elites in both countries, the article identifies competing ways of interpreting 20th-century history and providing it with

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19

Novoseltseva, Liudmila. "The Making of the Serbian Academic Community in the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century." Historical Studies on Central Europe 2, no. 2 (2022): 131–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.47074/hsce.2022-2.08.

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Prosopography, a methodological approach to understanding the biographical regularities and irregularities of a particular social stratum, provides new opportunities for studying national elites and professional groups in Central and South-Eastern Europe. The present study suggests a reconstruction of the process of the making of the scientific and wider intellectual community of the Principality/Kingdom of Serbia in the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Using biographical data about the members of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, one can compile a database

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20

Stengach, N. O., and A. V. Danilova. "The influence of the ideology of the Enlightenment on the political and legal culture of the national elite of the Ukrainian Cossack state (second half of the XVII-XVIII-th century) and its significance for Ukrainian state-building processes." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 2 (April 29, 2025): 116–23. https://doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2025.02.14.

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The period known as the Enlightenment, which spanned the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, had a significant impact on the political culture of the Cossack officers (starshyna) in Ukraine. This era was characterised by the dissemination of ideas of rationalism, secularisation, and social progress, which found expression in the worldview and activities of the Ukrainian elite. The authors observes that starshyna, as an educated stratum of society, actively perceived new philosophical and political trends in Europe. The ideas of rationalism and secularisation penetrated Ukrainian society, con

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21

Bottoni, Stefano. "Talking to the System: Imre Mikó, 1911–1977." East Central Europe 44, no. 1 (2017): 47–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763308-04401002.

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Taking a cue from an intelligence file produced by the Romanian political police on Transylvanian Hungarian intellectual Imre Mikó (Cluj, 1911–1977), the article analyzes the various patterns of accomodation with the political system, which represents a key to the understanding of how social legitimacy was built and maintained by the communist regimes of Eastern Europe. The framework in which this story takes place is especially interesting due to the Romanian context. On the one hand, the analysis of an unconventional collaboration established during the 1970s between the security organs of a

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22

Vaišnys, Andrius. "Transformation of Communist Media Content and Public Space According to the Discourse ‘39Pact: Exiting the “Labyrinth” as an Act of Communication." Informacijos mokslai 90 (December 28, 2020): 53–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/im.2020.90.50.

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This text is about one of the longest processes of political communication, which, decades on, influences politicians of various generations of the Central, Eastern and Western Europe, contents of media and self-awareness of the audience. The process isn’t over yet, this is obvious not only from the document adopted by the EP but also from an international political rhetoric. Analysis of consequences of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact signed on 1939 in media (D’39Pact) and related national and international decisions is the axis of information conflict between the East and the West concerning thou

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23

O'Neil, Patrick H. "Revolution from Within: Institutional Analysis, Transitions from Authoritarianism, and the Case of Hungary." World Politics 48, no. 4 (1996): 579–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wp.1996.0017.

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The Hungarian transition from socialism stands out from other examples of political change in the region, in that the ruling Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party (MSZMP) suffered an erosion of political power generated largely from within the party itself. The study shows how the Communist Party, after its destruction in the revolution of 1956, sought to institutionalize its rule through a course of limited liberalization and the broad co-optation of the populace. This policy helped create a tacit social compact with society, particularly in co-opting younger intellectuals who identified with th

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24

Saád, József. "Sorokin's Journey: From Eastern Europe to Eastern Europe." Review of Sociology 10, no. 1 (2004): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/revsoc.10.2004.1.6.

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25

Curta, Florin. "Pierit-au avarii? O privire dinspre Europa de răsărit / Have Avars gone? A view from Eastern Europe." PLURAL. History, Culture, Society 11, no. 2 (2023): 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37710/plural.v11i2_2.

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The presence of the Avars in Eastern Europe, particularly in the lands between the Carpathian Mountains and the river Dnieper, has so far been a matter of concern for historians. Archaeologists are skeptical: with the exception of a couple of finds from Budureasca, there are no Early Avar belt fittings anywhere to the north, east, and south from the Carpathian Mountains. In Poland, Avar-age finds cluster in the south (Silesia and Lesser Poland) and are dated after AD 700. The vast majority of those finds, however, are from the very end of the 8th or even the early decades of the 9th century. T

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26

Ronge, Volker. "Social Change in Eastern Europe." Journal of European Social Policy 1, no. 1 (1991): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095892879100100105.

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27

Kazanski, Michel. "Sacrifices of Horses in “Princely” Tombs During the Late Phase of the Great Migration Period." Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology, no. 4 (August 30, 2021): 95–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.55086/sp21495108.

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The article considers a few graves of the elite of the Great Migration Period, containing several burials of horses. In the German context, this is a “royal” burial in Tournai on the territory of modern Belgium, owned by King Childeric (died 481/482) and burials in a barrow in Žuráň, in South Moravia, probably belonging to the Lombard royal family. Their parallels in Eastern Europe are finds in the necropolis of Sirenevaya Buhta in the Eastern Crimea and Malai in the region of Eastern Azov Sea. Horse burials in Western and Central Europe can be associated with the influence of the Huns on aris

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28

Deacon, Bob, and Guy Standing. "Social Policy in Central and Eastern Europe." Journal of European Social Policy 3, no. 3 (1993): 159–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095892879300300301.

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29

Petras, James. "Eastern Europe: Restoration and crises." Journal of Contemporary Asia 21, no. 3 (1991): 301–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00472339180000221.

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30

Wong, Raymond Sin-Kwok. "Occupational attainment in Eastern Europe under socialism." Research in Social Stratification and Mobility 19 (January 2002): 191–230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0276-5624(02)80042-7.

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31

Hanley, Eric, and Donald J. Treiman. "Recruitment into the Eastern European Communist Elite: Dual Career Paths." Research in Social Stratification and Mobility 23 (January 2005): 35–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0276-5624(05)23002-0.

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32

Tar, Zolt�n. "A political theorist from Eastern Europe." Studies in Soviet Thought 29, no. 4 (1985): 311–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01121337.

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33

Hanak, Tibor. "Neo-Marxism in Eastern Central Europe." Studies in Soviet Thought 30, no. 4 (1985): 379–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01043749.

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34

Spieker, Manfred. "Crises in Eastern Europe since 1956." Studies in Soviet Thought 32, no. 3 (1986): 195–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00837415.

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35

Petrunov, Georgi. "Human Trafficking in Eastern Europe." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 653, no. 1 (2014): 162–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716214521556.

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Eastern Europe is among the major sources of migrants who travel for work to other European nations. In this research, in-depth interviews and analysis of legal cases of migration in Bulgaria reveal that the typical kinds of human trafficking in the region are sexual exploitation, labor exploitation, forced servitude, and trafficking of pregnant women for the sale of their babies. For each type, I examine victim profiles, recruitment strategies, transportation, and the types of control and exploitation that traffickers use. Comparisons are drawn between the Bulgarian findings and patterns in o

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36

Greeley, Andrew M. "Religious revivals in Eastern Europe." Society 39, no. 2 (2002): 76–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02717532.

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37

Formisano, Ron. "Interpreting Right-Wing or Reactionary Neo-Populism: A Critique." Journal of Policy History 17, no. 2 (2005): 241–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jph.2005.0010.

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During the 1980s and 1990s in countries across the globe, new populist protest movements and radical political organizations emerged to challenge traditional parties, ruling elites, and professional politicians, and even long-standing social norms. The revolts against politics-as-usual have arisen from many kinds of social groupings and from diverse points on the political spectrum. Through the 1980s, in Western and Eastern Europe, Latin America, Africa, Asia, and North America, populist discontent erupted intermittently. But the end of the Cold War, particularly in Europe, unleashed a torrent

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38

Parks, Jenifer, and Stefan Zwicker. "‘Revising’ the Sporting Map of Eastern Europe." International Journal of the History of Sport 37, no. 15 (2020): 1501–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2020.1879546.

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Girginov, Vassil, and Mike Collins. "Prologue: Why is There an Eastern Europe?" International Journal of the History of Sport 21, no. 5 (2004): 681–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0952336042000261999.

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Vučetić, Radina, and Olga Manojlović Pintar. "Social History in Serbia: The Association for Social History." East Central Europe 34-35, no. 1-2 (2008): 369–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763308-0340350102023.

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This review essay provides a brief overview of the research and publication activity of the Udruženje za društvenu istoriju/Association for Social History, an innovative scholarly organization established in 1998 in Belgrade, Serbia. The association promotes research on social history in modern South-Eastern Europe, with a focus on former Yugoslavia, and publishes scientific works and historical documents. The driving force behind the activity of the association is a group of young social historians gathered around Professor Andrej Mitrović, at the University of Belgrade. Prof. Mitrović’s work

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41

Clark, Barry S. "Political Economy, Democracy and Eastern Europe." International Journal of Social Economics 19, no. 7/8/9 (1992): 259–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eum0000000000498.

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SAR, MARCIN. "The Evolution of Centripetal Fraternalism: The Soviet Union and Eastern Europe." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 481, no. 1 (1985): 92–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716285481001009.

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The author comments on the dynamics of Moscow's effort to reconcile its pursuit of control over Eastern Europe with its interest in a viable Eastern Europe, one that is stable and capable of self-sustaining development. Although Moscow has always exercised control in military matters, it allowed some Eastern Europeans economic independence in the 1970s. Changing circumstances in the 1980s, however, have caused the Kremlin to rethink its relationships with its Eastern European “satallies”— half satellites, half allies. Moscow faces dilemmas in areas such as energy, agriculture, the Eastern Euro

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Filipovic Hrast, Masa, Anja Kopac Mrak, and Tatjana Rakar. "Social exclusion of elderly in Central and Eastern Europe." International Journal of Social Economics 40, no. 11 (2013): 971–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-05-2012-0082.

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Khudoley, Konstantin K. "The contemporary political elite of Central and South-Eastern European countries: Personalities and general trends (reflecting on a recent book)." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. International relations 16, no. 4 (2023): 330–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu06.2023.402.

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The purpose of the article is to study the state of the modern political elite in the countries of Central and South-Eastern Europe, to identify the main trends in its development and the role of personal factors based on the analysis carried out by the authors of the collective monograph of the Institute of Slavic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Generally, the transition in Central European countries from socialism to capitalism successfully took place, and the line of integration into the Western world prevailed. However, among the countries’ ruling circles, there are both suppor

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Leonards, Chris, and Nico Randeraad. "Transnational Experts in Social Reform, 1840–1880." International Review of Social History 55, no. 2 (2010): 215–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859010000179.

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SummaryWho were the people at the cutting edge of social reform in Europe between 1840 and 1880, and how were they connected? This article proposes a method to locate a transnational community of experts involved in social reform and focuses on the ways in which these experts shared and spread their knowledge across borders. After a discussion of the concepts of social reform, transnationalization, and transfer, we show how we built a database of visitors to social reform congresses in the period 1840–1880, and explain how we extracted a core group of experts from this database. This “congress

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Nikolaevich Korenevskij, Sergey. "The Maikop culture in the Northern Caucasus." Godišnjak Centra za balkanološka ispitivanja, no. 41 (January 6, 2022): 7–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5644/godisnjak.cbi.anubih-41.1.

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The Maikop culture represents one of the most significant occurrences in the context of pre-urban agricultural and livestock communities of the Middle East and Caucasus. It covers the borderline area between south-west Asia and Eastern Europe, pre-Caucasian steppe and north Caucasus, where the cultural influences of southern peoples confront with tradition ofEuropean population for ages. (Image 1) The study of Maikop culture began by the end of 19th century after the discovery of exceptionally rich tombs in Maikop (1897) and two stone tombs in Carska, present-day Novosvobodna (1898). The most

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47

Domanski, H. "Distribution of Incomes in Eastern Europe." International Journal of Comparative Sociology 38, no. 3-4 (1997): 249–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002071529703800304.

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Hollander, Paul. "Why communism collapsed in Eastern Europe." Society 30, no. 2 (1993): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02695807.

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Teller, Adam. "Hasidism and the Challenge of Geography: The Polish Background to the Spread of the Hasidic Movement." AJS Review 30, no. 1 (2006): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0364009406000018.

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Abstract:

One of the most significant phenomena in the course of modern Jewish history is undoubtedly the astonishing success of the hasidic movement in winning and retaining large numbers of followers. What is even more remarkable is that this process took a relatively short time to come to fruition: It is widely agreed that at the death of the Ba‘al Shem Tov (who is often still regarded as the founder of the movement) in 1760, his circle numbered no more than a few dozen initiates, but by the 1820s, the movement had become dominant in the Jewish society of large swathes of eastern Europe, particularly

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Terret, Thierry. "Sport in Eastern Europe during the Cold War." International Journal of the History of Sport 26, no. 4 (2009): 465–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09523360802658069.

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