Relevant bibliographies by topics / Elite Theory

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Elite Theory'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 April 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Elite Theory"

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Engelstad, Fredrik. "Democratic Elitism – Conflict and Consensus." Comparative Sociology 8, no. 3 (2009): 383–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156913309x447585.

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AbstractClassical elite theory stressed tensions between elites and democracy, whereas modern studies of elites take democracy as a point of departure – to a large extent under the heading of democratic elitism. This article discusses two strands of elite studies in a democracy perspective, one stressing elite conflict, the other focusing on elite consensus. As points of departure for empirical analysis both strands are valuable, but when linked to democratic theory they are insufficient. It is necessary to view elites in light of constitutional features that regulate their relationship with the state. Moreover, the public sphere must be taken into account as a constitutive element of democracy and as an arena for communication between elite groups and between them and citizenries.
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van Wyk, M. J. "Elite-teorie en demokrasie/Elite theory and democracy." South African Journal of Sociology 16, no. 1 (February 1985): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02580144.1985.10519984.

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Gulbrandsen, Trygve. "Elite Integration and Institutional Trust in Norway." Comparative Sociology 6, no. 1-2 (2007): 190–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156913307x187441.

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AbstractIn modern elite theory accommodation and compromise between national elite groups are seen as preconditions for the continuance and stability of a democratic society. It is claimed that elite accommodation is facilitated to the extent that the elites are integrated. In this article trust between the various elite groups and their respective institutions is investigated as a core aspect of elite integration. The analyses presented in the article demonstrate that in general there is a relatively high level of institutional trust among national elite groups in Norway. There is, however, some variation in how much trust the various elite groups accord the institutions to which other elite groups belong, and this is explained by (1) the extent to which one elite identifies with the functions of other elites, (2) has a similar ideological orientation, and (3) has social contact with members of other elites.
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Bozóki, András. "Theoretical Interpretations of Elite Change in East Central Europe." Comparative Sociology 2, no. 1 (2003): 215–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156913303100418762.

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AbstractElite theory enjoyed a remarkable revival in Central and Eastern Europe, and also in international social science research, during the 1990s. Many researchers coming from different schools of thought turned to the analysis of rapid political and social changes and ended up doing centered research. Since democratic transition and elite transformation seemed to be parallel processes, it was understandable that sociologists and political scientists of the region started to use elite theory. The idea of "third wave" of democratization advanced a reduced, more synthetic, "exportable" understanding of democracy in the political science literature. The main focus of social sciences shifted from structures to actors, from path dependency to institutional choices. Transitions, roundtable negotiations, institution-building, constitution-making, compromise-seeking, pactmaking, pact-breaking, strategic choices — all of these underlined the importance of elites and research on them. Elite settlements were seen as alternatives of social revolution. According to a widely shared view democratic institutions came into existence through negotiations and compromises among political elites calculating their own interests and desires. The elite settlement approach was then followed by some important contributions in transitology which described the process of regime change largely as "elite games." By offering a systematic overview of the theoretical interpretations of elite change from New Class theory to recent theorizing of elite change (conversion of capital, reproduction, circulation, political capitalism, technocratic continuity, three elites and the like), the paper also gives an account of the state of the arts in elite studies in different new democracies of Central and Eastern Europe.
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Wedel, Janine R. "From Power Elites to Influence Elites: Resetting Elite Studies for the 21st Century." Theory, Culture & Society 34, no. 5-6 (July 10, 2017): 153–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263276417715311.

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The dominant theory of elite power, grounded in Weberian bureaucracy, has analyzed elites in terms of stable positions at the top of enduring institutions. Today, many conditions that spawned these stable ‘command posts’ no longer prevail, and elite power thus warrants rethinking. This article advances an argument about contemporary ‘influence elites’. The way they are organized and the modus operandi they employ to wield influence enable them to evade public accountability, a hallmark of a democratic society. Three cases are presented, first to investigate changes in how elites operate and, second, to examine varying configurations in which the new elites are organized. The cases demonstrate that influence elites intermesh hierarchies and networks, serve as connectors, and coordinate influence from multiple, moving perches, inside and outside official structures. Their flexible and multi-positioned organizing modes call for reconsidering elite theory and grappling with the implications of these elites for democratic society.
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Ryabchenko, Daniil O. "ON THE ISSUE OF THE FUNCTIONAL THEORY OF ELITES: LOSSES AND POSSIBILITIES OF A NEW APPROACH." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Kul'turologiya i iskusstvovedenie, no. 43 (2021): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/22220836/43/11.

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The article examines the prerequisites for reinterpreting the concept of "elite" at the turn of the XX–XXI centuries. The author analyzes the need to change the concept of the elite as a factor of social practice, investigates the prerequisites for a retreat from the traditions of interpreting the elite in the problem field of classical sociology. The thesis about the fruitfulness of the study of the elite in the discourse of such trends of its development as sociologization, rationalization, and subjectivation is outlined. The explanatory potential of the functional and functionalist concepts of the elites is compared.
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Wintrop, Norman. "Elite theory and neo‐elite theory understandings of democracy: An analysis and criticism." Australian Journal of Political Science 27, no. 3 (November 1992): 462–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00323269208402209.

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Mawardi, Ahmad Imam. "CHARLES WRIGHT MILLS DAN TEORI POWER ELITE: MEMBACA KONTEKS DAN PEMETAAN TEORI SOSIOLOGI POLITIK TENTANG KELAS ELITE KEKUASAAN." Jurnal Sosiologi Pendidikan Humanis 4, no. 2 (January 31, 2020): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um021v4i2p73-83.

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This study aims to explain the paradigm of power elite theory by Charles Wright Mills (C. Wright Mills, henceforth) in relation to the context of mapping the political sociology theory of the elite class in the United States. The method employed in this study was library research. Based on the literature review, it is concluded that three groups of political elites in the United States according to C. Wright Mills controlled the political and power arena consisting of the bureaucratic elite, business elite, and military elite. Second, the middle and lower classes are often exploited in the interests of the elite in politics and struggle for class power in the United States. Genealogical and other external factors greatly influence the birth and development of elite power generation in the United States. The theory is eventually in contact with the theory of pluralism that has long-lived among American societies. This literature study can be a catalyst showing how political theories and sociology compete each other to seize dominance in the political and social arena, especially in a developed country like the United States.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um021v4i22019p073
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McCormick, John P. "Machiavellian Democracy: Controlling Elites with Ferocious Populism." American Political Science Review 95, no. 2 (June 2001): 297–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055401002027.

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This essay demonstrates that Niccolò Machiavelli’s political thought addresses the deficiencies of two opposite poles of contemporary democratic theory: As do formal or minimalist approaches, he specifies electoral mechanisms for elite control; and similar to substantive or civic culture approaches, he encourages more direct and robust modes of popular participation. On these grounds, I cull from Machiavelli’s Discourses a theory of democracy in which the populace selects the elites who will hold office but also constantly patrols them through extraelectoral institutions and practices, such as the tribunes of the people, public accusations, and popular appeals. Machiavelli adds to these institutional features of popular government an important cultural dimension: The people should despise and mistrust elites, and they should actively confront the injustice that elite governing inevitably entails. Finally, I explore the ramifications of this theory for debates over elite accountability in contemporary democratic theory.
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О.Ю., Хацринова, Тарасова Е.Н., and Галиханов М.Ф. "ELITE EDUCATION: THEORY, METHODOLOGY, PRACTICE." “Educational bulletin “Consciousness” 21, no. 9 (September 30, 2019): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.26787/nydha-2686-6846-2019-21-9-31-37.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Elite Theory"

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Kaczuwka, Alycia. "Mass-elite dichotomy in application of risk theory." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2000. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/195.

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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.
Bachelors
Arts and Sciences
Political Science
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Woessner, Matthew. "The President's public : an elite theory of presidential job approval /." The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486394475977855.

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James, David William George. "The nature and impact of achievement goals in elite sport competitors." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286490.

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Lynge-Jorlén, Ane. "Between edge and elite : niche fashion magazines, producers and readers." Thesis, University of the Arts London, 2009. http://ualresearchonline.arts.ac.uk/6510/.

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This thesis examines contemporary niche fashion magazines and uses as a case study an ethnographic investigation of a niche fashion magazine and its producers and readers. Fashion magazines are instrumental not only in helping readers make sense of, understand and consume fashion; they are themselves fashionable media that set trends in how fashion is mediated. Niche fashion magazines are a sub genre of fashion magazines that is produced and consumed by cultural intermediaries. They are part of a complex cultural circuit which involves their marketing, production, circulation, textual representations and readers' consumption. Within this circuit values, meanings, codes, notions and practices of fashion are exchanged, and these are the focus of this thesis. This thesis examines the niche fashion magazine genre, addressing its hybridised quality of art, popular culture, high fashion, elite and edge. Through active participant observation, the case study explores the production practices and the different economies and values that inform the encoding of fashion into the magazine. Drawing on in-depth interviews with niche fashion magazine readers, the thesis also explores how readers make sense of niche fashion magazines by engaging with their symbolic value. Within the fashion press niche fashion magazines are the focal media for the tastemakers of fashion. Yet niche fashion magazines as an object of inquiry has been neglected by academia, which has paid more attention to women's and men's magazines and their textual representations. A central aim of this thesis is to contribute to an understanding of the meanings of fashion mediation with a specific focus on the methodological integration of textual, consumption and production analysis. By generating new insight as to how fashion is exchanged and mediated between producers and readers of niche fashion magazines it contributes to the study of fashion within sociology and media research.
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Bohlin, Johan. "Public Rationality in War : A comparative case study of Elite Cue theory and success-focused event-response theory." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-2622.

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Columbus, Rasmus, and Karbratt Rebecca Perrusquia. "Book design in theory and practice – how does the book designer elite think?" Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-93166.

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Typographers and book designers most important tasks are to preserve the texts, authors thoughts and ideas for posterity, and through their work successfully invite and communicate the content of these writings to the readers. In their work, the designers have sets of rules and theories to their assistance, and regardless if they choose to follow them, they should know that they exist and know why they choose to follow or break them. This essays intention is to, by using qualitative semi-structured interviews, find out how today’s book designers view their work and the different fields that are included in it, for example typography, materials and cover design. Also how the designers relate to the theory presented in this essay. Three book designers were interviewed and their knowledge and experience formed the basis for the empirical data collection and the comparison against the theory. The findings revealed that the book designers approach to their work is very similar to the theory, even though they themselves claim that they don’t use any specific theories. As an experienced book designer the guidelines become as natural to their work as the process to inhale oxygen. But it takes practice and years of experience before one reaches this point.
Typografers och bokformgivares viktigaste uppgifter är att bevara texter, författares tankar och idéer till eftervärlden, och att genom sitt arbete lyckas bjuda in och kommunicera dessa texters innehåll till läsaren. Till detta arbete har formgivaren mängder av regler och teorier till sin hjälp, och oavsett om han eller hon väljer att följa dem bör de veta att de finns och veta varför de väljer att följa eller bryta dem. Detta arbete syftar till att med hjälp av an kvalitativ semi-strukturerad intervjumetod ta reda på hur dagens bokformgivare ser på sitt arbete och de olika områden som ingår i detta, såsom typografi, material och formgivning av omslag, samt hur de förhåller sig till de olika teorier som presenteras i arbetet. Intervjuerna involverade tre bokformgivare vars kunskaper och erfarenheter ligger till grund för empiriinsamlingen och den jämförelse som gjort gentemot teorin. I slutsatserna kom det fram att bokformgivares förhållningssätt till sitt arbete har stora likheter med teorin, även fast de själv påstår sig inte använda sig av några speciella teorier. Som erfaren bokformgivare blir riktlinjerna en lika naturlig process som att inhalera syre. Men det krävs praktik och många års erfarenhet innan man hamnar här.
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Oldman, D. K. "Elite decision making in 1968 Czechoslovakia : a case for Irving Janis "groupthink" theory?" Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2009. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/16300/.

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The Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia is a seminal twentieth century event. It has principally been studied by Western academics from a Soviet perspective. It is one of the purposes of this dissertation to re-dress that imbalance and look at the crisis from the perspective of the Czechoslovak political elite at the apex of the political system: the Presidium of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. It is another purpose of this dissertation to test Irving Janis’s ‘Groupthink’ hypothesis at the group domain of analysis. Although a much-cited neologism, few have used this approach when analysing historical events. The Presidium’s decision-making will be contextualised by an in-depth consideration of the information environment the political elite derived its knowledge from. Did the military elite and Diplomatic Corps provide accurate information the Presidium could make rational use of to ward off the impending invasion during 1968 or were these information sources ambivalent to, or even neglectful of the building threat? Whether this was true or not, did Czechoslovak elite fealty to both communism ideologically and the USSR as a fraternal ally, create what Janis has identified as group ‘concurrence seeking’, thus perpetrating the phenomenon of ‘Groupthink’, wherein the group’s information searching and decision-making capacities were compromised? Many notable contributions to the historiography of 1968 have been made by contributors resident in the west before the collapse of the bi-polar division of continental Europe in 1989. Since then archival restrictions have lessened and researchers are now able to gain access to key personnel involved in the events. This author has accessed archival sources: principally a continuous run of Presidium meeting stenographs from April to August 1968. The author has also used documents generated by governmental commissions into these events, accessed diplomatic cables and reports from 1968 and has interviewed some high ranking military personnel.
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Stone, Gregory W. "Playing the Man, Educating Elite English Manhood in Theory and Practice c. 1550 - 1640." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.504002.

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Krein, Hilary Merrideth. "Oil and Politics in North Dakota." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73323.

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In the past decade, North Dakota has experienced a substantial shift in economic and political activity due to oil. In addition to jobs and revenue, corporate interests have surged into the state with a dominating force. As players in a highly valued industry, oil companies have worked hard to protect and uphold viable markets in the state. These interests are observed in relationships with key politicians, especially among those regulating the oil industry as members of the North Dakota Industrial Commission (NDIC). Critics label this development as misguided, as an example of big business manipulating government. This thesis, on the other hand, contends that such arguments are predicated on prevailing, yet unhelpful standards, and offers an understanding of how ND's government operates in the real world through the use of qualitative and quantitative methods. By testing the relationship between political contributions and oil spills in North Dakota and interpreting the results using three political theories—tliberalism, realism, and elite theory—tthe case study shows the allegations against key politicians and the oil industry are not substantiated. Instead of a case of political corruption, the thesis shows that the case of the NDIC is in fact a paradigmatic example of how liberal-democracy really works.
Master of Arts
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Roness, Simon. "COPING STRATEGIES AMONG ELITE SWEDISH FOOTBALL PLAYERS IN RELATION TO THEIR GOAL ORIENTATION PROFILES." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-15580.

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The objectives of this study were to investigate: (1) elite Swedish football players use of coping strategies, (2) their goal orientations, and (3) the relationship between their goal orientation profiles and use of coping strategies. Participants were 83 male elite Swedish football players. The Perception of Success Questionnaire and COPE inventory were administered to meet the objectives. Results showed a significant interaction effect between athletes’ task and ego goal orientations and their use of planning. Athletes’ with a HT/LE profile (3.06 ± 0.36; M ± SD) used frequently more planning than athletes’ with a LT/LE profile (2.59 ± 0.51). Moreover, athletes’ high in task (2.71 ± 0.37) used more problem-focused strategies than athletes low in task (2.54 ± 0.33), and athletes’ low in ego (2.31 ± 0.24) used more emotion-focused strategies than athletes’ high in ego (2.17 ± 0.27). Results are discussed in relation to previous research of achievement motivation and athletes’ use of coping strategies.
Syftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka: (1) svenska elitfotbollsspelares användande av coping strategier, (2) deras målorienteringar, och (3) relationen mellan deras målorienteringsprofiler och användande av coping strategier. Urvalet bestod av 83 manliga svenska elitfotbollsspelare. Studiens syften undersöktes med hjälp av The Perception of Success Questionnaire och COPE inventory. Resultaten visade en signifikant interaktionseffekt mellan idrottarnas task och ego orienteringar och användande av planering. Idrottare med en HT/LE profil (3.06 ± 0.36; M ± SD) använde sig av mer planering än idrottare med en LT/LE profil (2.59 ± 0.51). Vidare använde idrottare med en hög task-orientering (2.71 ± 0.37) sig av mer problem-fokuserade strategier än idrottare med en låg task-orientering (2.54 ± 0.33) och idrottare med en låg ego-orientering (2.31 ± 0.24) använde mer emotions-fokuserade strategier än idrottare med en hög ego-orientering (2.17 ± 0.27). Resultaten har diskuterats i relation till tidigare forskning inom prestationsmotivation och idrottares coping strategier.
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Books on the topic "Elite Theory"

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Graham, Jones J., and Gould Daniel 1952-, eds. Understanding psychological preparation for sport: Theory and practice of elite performers. Chichester: J. Wiley, 1996.

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Albertoni, Ettore A. Mosca and the theory of elitism. Oxford, UK: B. Blackwell, 1987.

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Gerstenberger, Heide. Impersonal power: History and theory of the bourgeois state. Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2009.

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Political elites in modern societies: Empirical research and democratic theory. Ann Arbor, Mich: University of Michigan Press, 1989.

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Birmingham, JFK, and the Civil Rights Act of 1963: Implications for elite theory. New York: P. Lang, 1989.

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Gerstenberger, Heide. Impersonal power: History and theory of the bourgeois state. Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2009.

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Gerstenberger, Heide. Impersonal power: History and theory of the bourgeois state. Leiden, NL: Brill, 2008.

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Impersonal power: History and theory of the bourgeois state. Leiden: Brill, 2007.

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Impersonal power: History and theory of the bourgeois state. Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2009.

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S, Srinivasan M. Protecting the people: A theory of change appropriate for India. Madras, India: First Public Protection Trust, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Elite Theory"

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Higley, John. "Elite Theory and Elites." In Handbooks of Sociology and Social Research, 161–76. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-68930-2_9.

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Dryzek, John S., and Patrick Dunleavy. "Elite Theory." In Theories of the Democratic State, 57–78. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-36645-9_3.

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Dunleavy, Patrick, and Brendan O’Leary. "Elite Theory." In Theories of the State, 136–202. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18665-5_4.

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Mariotti, Claudia. "Elite Theory." In The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Interest Groups, Lobbying and Public Affairs, 1–6. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13895-0_67-1.

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Arin, Kubilay Yado. "Elite Theory." In Think Tanks, 45–49. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-02935-7_7.

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Zartman, I. William. "A Theory of Elite Circulation." In Pioneers in Arts, Humanities, Science, Engineering, Practice, 119–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-06079-4_7.

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Pakulski, Jan. "The Development of Elite Theory." In The Palgrave Handbook of Political Elites, 9–16. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-51904-7_2.

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Pakulski, Jan. "Classical Elite Theory: Pareto and Weber." In The Palgrave Handbook of Political Elites, 17–24. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-51904-7_3.

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Higley, John. "Continuities and Discontinuities in Elite Theory." In The Palgrave Handbook of Political Elites, 25–39. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-51904-7_4.

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Baum, Rainer C. "Toward a Social Theory of Moral Indifference." In The Holocaust and the German Elite, 289–322. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003217244-9.

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Conference papers on the topic "Elite Theory"

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Wang, Jie, and Qingyan Kong. "Performance diagnosis of elite table tennis competition based on rough set theory." In 2014 11th International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery (FSKD). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fskd.2014.6980806.

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Kungaba, Hannatu, Jide Ibietan, and Ugochukwu Abasilim. "RULE OF LAW AND NIGERIA’S ANTI-GRAFT WAR: THE EDUCATIONAL IMPERATIVE AND ELITE THEORY INTERROGATION." In ADVED 2021- 7th International Conference on Advances in Education. International Organization Center of Academic Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47696/adved.202110.

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Liu, Yu-Bin, Shan Zhang, and Shao-Qing Geng. "Research on Driving Factors of Implicit Human Capital for Elite Retired Athlete Based on Grounded Theory." In 2016 International Conference on Management Science and Management Innovation. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/msmi-16.2016.54.

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Ali, Noori, and Payjor Abdullah. "ime Overrun in Construction Projects of Sulaimani City." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ARCHITECTURAL AND CIVIL ENGINEERING 2020. Cihan University-Erbil, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24086/aces2020/paper.260.

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Several constructional projects in Sulaimani face to the delay, during the stages of designing and implementation. The delay refers to various causes. There are several key persons) resources) (templates) (clients) (factors) (characteristics) (parameters) that have direct effects on delay of the projects. The study was conducted and depended on two different methods practical and theoretical parts, for performing practical part two specific elites were chose, the first elite was the expert engineers that had actual practical involvement in construction projects and the second elite was the contractors that had a real suffering from delays of their projects. While the theoretical part was depended on reviews for the existing studies to collect information. The practical result showed that the five most effective key persons were the (1-Laws and Regulations, 2-Contractor, 3-Designer, 4-Resident Engineer, 5-Site Location) seriously. While the reviewed results for the existing studies showed (1-Designer, 2-Finance/payment, 3-Weather, 4-Unforseen circumstances, 5-Lack of Site management by Contractor). Keywords: Constructional projects delay, Time extension, Mistakes of design, Plan and scheduling, Variation order.
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Vučković, Jelena. "VIDOVDANSKI USTAV – SIMBOL (NE)JEDINSTVA PRVE JUGOSLOVENSKE DRŽAVE." In 100 GODINA OD VIDOVDANSKOG USTAVA. Faculty of law, University of Kragujevac, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/zbvu21.107v.

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In the paper, the author analyzes one of the basic starting points of the theory of constitutional law, according to which the constitution as the highest formal legal act simultaneously represents a symbol of unity and vitality of a state, a sign of its identity and a factor of social integration. If it succeeds in constituting a legal and socio-political order, the constitution has its future. From the aspect of such a theoretical definition, the Vidovdan Constitution has only partially fulfilled its function. Created three years after the unification into a common state of peoples of the same ethnic, but completely different cultural, religious, economic and historical origin, it has become more a symbol, and less a factual and legal reality. The paper will analyze the socio-political circumstances that led to its enactment and adoption, as well as the reasons that opened the question of its change from the moment it was adopted and entered into force. If we know that the quality of a constitution is crucial for its internal properties, its content, the circumstances under which it was adopted, the manner in which it was adopted, the intentions and goals of the constitution maker, it is clear that the Vidovdan Constitution, apart from becoming a formal legal symbol of unification, could satisfy the opposing aspirations of the Serbian and Croatian, as well as the Slovenian political establishment, the intellectual elite, but also the population itself. The Serbian political course of unification included a unitary system, a monarchical form of government led by the Karadjordjevic dynasty and a state that would have all members of the Serbian people within its borders. The Croatian political elite saw the new state as a transitional solution on the path to independence and the realization of a centuries-old dream of an independent Croatian state, based on the ideology of historical and state law. Slovenians perceives the idea of unification primarily as protection from Germanization, to which it was constantly exposed within Austro-Hungary. Thus, differences in the approach to the idea of unification will become the germ of conflict in the future common state. The Vidovdan Constitution could not resolve the antagonisms and mutually opposing views, but further deepened them. However, its importance is reflected in the fact that it shows that law is powerless in the face of socio-political reality if it does not primarily represent its framework, and that this thesis is current a century earlier, equally relevant today
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Uspuriene, Aiste Barbora, and Zhigimantas Ianavichius. "Peculiarities of Elite Basketball Players Training." In International Scientific and Practical Conference. TSNS Interaktiv Plus, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21661/r-553224.

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Research on elite basketball players is important to remain among the leaders, to predict their sports future, to adjust the course of training, a proper database is needed. Research aim – to analyze the literature and to reveal elite basketball players training peculiarities.
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Виталий, Ковин. "LOCAL ELITES INTERRELATIONS IN TRANSFORMED MUNICIPALITIES: DOES THE ENLARGEMENT OF TERRITORIES LEAD TO ELITE CONSOLIDATION? (ON THE EXAMPLE OF MUNICIPALITIES IN PERM REGION)." In MODERN CITY: POWER, GOVERNANCE, ECONOMICS. Publishing House of Perm National Research Polytechnic University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/65.049-66/2020.27.

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The article examines the levels of political loyalty of Permskii Krai citizens through the analysis of their participation in Russian General Voting on amendments to the Constitution and Permskii Krai Governor Elections held in 2020. Based on the analysis of electoral statistics, the article makes a conclusion that the electoral base of the current political regime is moving away from the population of large cities. The response from “urban” voters on presidential initiatives turned out to be much weaker than that of “rural” voters and their electoral support is much lower than their share of the general population of the region.
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Ahmad, Shamall. "Electoral system as a motivation to reforming political system- The Iraqi model." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF DEFICIENCIES AND INFLATION ASPECTS IN LEGISLATION. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicdial.pp290-310.

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The flaws and major flaws in the political systems represent one of the main motives that push the political elite towards making fundamental reforms, especially if those reforms have become necessary matters so that: Postponing them or achieving them affects the survival of the system and the political entity. Thus, repair is an internal cumulative process. It is cumulative based on the accumulated experience of the historical experience of the same political elite that decided to carry out reforms, and it is also an internal process because the decision to reform comes from the political elite that run the political process. There is no doubt that one means of political reform is to push the masses towards participation in political life. Changing the electoral system, through electoral laws issued by the legislative establishment, may be the beginning of political reform (or vice versa), taking into account the uncertainty of the political process, especially in societies that suffer from the decline of democratic values, represented by the processes of election from one cycle to another. Based on the foregoing, this paper seeks to analyze the relationship between the Electoral and political system, in particular, tracking and studying the Iraqi experience from the first parliamentary session until the issuance of the Election Law No. (9) for the year (2020).
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Leary, Frank O’, and James O’Donovan. "298 Attitudes of elite athletes and their support staff to the influenza vaccine." In IOC World Conference on Prevention of Injury & Illness in Sport 2021. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Association of Sport and Exercise Medicine, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2021-ioc.274.

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Kumar, Akshay, S. M. Ishtiaque, and K. R. Salhotra. "Compact Spinning: A Critical Review." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-55321.

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Compact spinning is a novel concept generated through re-engineering of established ring spinning process by attaching a pneumatic zone to existing ring spinning machine. Compact spinning achieves a remarkable improvement in yarn quality and yarn structure through better utilization of fibre properties. The advantageous yarn characteristics provide better opportunities for cost savings in subsequent processing stages. Another interesting aspect is the possibility of developing new textile products using compact spinning. There are three major manufacturers in the field of compact spinning machines namely, Sussen (Elite spinning), Rieter (Comfor spin), and Zinser (Air-Com- Tex 700). First launch of Elite spinning machine in India faced a setback due to few practical problems like inadequate lubricating film on ring (does not allow the maximum spindle speed to be achieved), higher maintenance cost, higher labour cost and apron clogging due to accumulation of fly. However, with further developments compact spinning will certainly be the future of ring spinning, on account of its higher productivity and yarn quality.
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Reports on the topic "Elite Theory"

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Kim, E. Han, Adair Morse, and Luigi Zingales. Are Elite Universities Losing Their Competitive Edge? Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w12245.

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Martiny, Luis Eugênio, Larissa Zanetti Theil, Eloy Maciel Neto, Gonçalo Dias, José Pedro Ferreira, and Rui Mendes. EFFECTS OF FLOW STATES ON ELITE ATHLETES IN INVASION TEAM SPORTS: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW PROTOCOL. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.11.0114.

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Review question / Objective: How does the flow state occur in invasion team sports (e.g., prevents; disrupts; restores; triggers; facilitates; hampers) and how does it influence the Elite athletes performance? Rationale: The flow state has been configured as an important flooring condition in the search for the best performance. However, there is an absence of systematizations about the flow state specifically in invasive team sports and its impact on performance. Therefore, it is relevant to qualify the types of studies conducted, their main correlations and causalities, as well as their main evidence and limitations. Condition being studied: The flow in invasion team sports and its impact on the Elite athletes performance.
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Ruiz, Susana. ¿Quién paga la cuenta? Gravar la riqueza para enfrentar la crisis de la COVID-19 en América Latina y el Caribe. Oxfam, July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2020.6317.

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Las previsiones de retroceso económico y social en América Latina y el Caribe son alarmantes. La COVID-19 golpea con fuerza la región marcada que tendrá que afrontar una contracción del 9,4%, una de las más severas en todo el planeta. La desigualdad, la informalidad y la insuficiente dotación sanitaria lastran las posibilidades de hacer frente a la pandemia. Pero son los más vulnerables quienes asumen el costo, hasta 52 millones de personas que podrían caer en la pobreza y 40 millones podrían perder sus empleos, un retroceso de 15 años para la región. Pero la COVID-19 no afecta a todos por igual, una élite se mantiene inmune al contagio de la crisis económica. Desde el principio de los confinamientos, hay 8 nuevos milmillonarios en América Latina y el Caribe, personas con un patrimonio superior a los mil millones de dólares. Las personas más ricas han aumentado su fortuna en US$ 48 200 millones desde marzo 2020, lo que equivale a un tercio del total de los paquetes de estímulo de todos los países de la región. Para hacer frente a esta crisis tan profunda, Oxfam propone una serie de reformas que recaigan sobre quienes más tienen y menos han sufrido la pandemia. Entre otros un impuesto sobre el patrimonio neto de las personas más ricas con el que se podría recaudar al menos US$ 14 260 millones, 50 veces más de lo que ahora se estaría recaudando sobre esta élite de grandes fortunas. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, forecasts for economic and social decline in Latin America and the Caribbean are alarming. The region will face a 9.4% contraction in its economy, among the most severe in the world. Coping with the pandemic is hindered by inequality, weak and insufficient social protection and limited public health capabilities. Up to 52 million people could fall into poverty and 40 million could lose their jobs – a 15-year setback for the region. Yet, an elite remains ‘immune’ to the contagion of the economic crisis. Since the beginning of the pandemic, there have been 8 new billionaires in LAC: 1 every 2 weeks since the lockdowns began. The richest people have increased their fortune by $48.2bn since March 2020, equivalent to a third of the total stimulus packages of all countries in the region. In this paper, Oxfam proposes a series of reforms targeting those who have being less affected by the pandemic. They include a net wealth tax that could potentially generate $14.3bn, 50 times more than billionaires in the region pay now in theory, under current tax systems.
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Tanksley, Steven D., and Dani Zamir. Development and Testing of a Method for the Systematic Discovery and Utilization of Novel QTLs in the Production of Improved Crop Varieties: Tomato as a Model System. United States Department of Agriculture, June 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7570570.bard.

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Modern cultivated varieties carry only a small fraction of the variation present in the gene pool. The narrow genetic basis of modern crop plants is a result of genetic bottlenecks imposed during early domestication and modern plant breeding. The wild ancestors of most crop plants can still be found in their natural habitats and Germplasm Centers have been established to collect and maintain this material. These wild and unadapted resources can potentially fuel crop plant improvement efforts for many years into the future (Tanksley and McCouch 1997). Unfortunately, scientists have been unable to exploit the majority of the genetic potential warehoused in germplasm repositories. This is especially true as regards to the improvement of quantitative traits like yield and quality. One of the major problems is that much of the wild germplasm is inferior to modern cultivars for many of the quantitative traits that breeders would like to improve. Our research, focusing on the tomato as a model system, has shown that despite their inferior phenotypes, wild species are likely to contain QTLs that can substantially increase the yield and quality of elite cultivars (de Vicente and Tanksley 1992, Eshed and Zamir 1994, Eshed et al. 1996). Using novel population structures of introgression lines (ILs; Eshed and Zamir 1995) and advanced backcross lines (AB; Tanksley et al. 1996) we identified and introduced valuable QTLs from unadapted germplasm into elite processing tomato varieties. Populations involving crosses with five Lycopersicon species (L. pennellii (Eshed and Zamir 1994; Eshed et al. 1996; Eshed and Zamir 1996), L. hirsutum (Bernacchi et al. 1998), L. pimpinellifolium (Tanksley et al. 1996), L. parviflorum (unpub.), L. peruvianum (Fulton et al. 1997) have been field and laboratory tested in a number of locations around the world. QTLs from the wild parent were identified that improve one or more of the key quantitative traits for processing tomatoes (yield, brix, sugar and acid composition and earliness) by as much as 10-30%. Nearly isogenic lines (QTL-NILs) have been generated for a subset of these QTLs. Each QTL-NIL contains the entire genome of the elite cultivated parent except for a segment (5-40 cM) of the wild species genome corresponding to a specific QTL. The genetic material and information that was developed in this program is presently used by American and Israeli seed companies for the breeding of superior varieties. We expect that in the next few years these varieties will make a difference in the marketplace.
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Brummel, Lars. Referendums, for Populists Only? Why Populist Parties Favour Referendums and How Other Parties Respond. Association Inter-University Centre Dubrovnik, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53099/ntkd4302.

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Populists are generally known as supporters of referendums and several populist parties have promoted direct democracy in recent years. To deepen our understanding of the populism referendum link, this study analyses how populist parties in Austria, Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands defend a greater use of referendums and how their non-populist counterparts respond to this populist call for referendums. An analysis of election manifestos shows that populist parties justify their referendum support by characterizing referendums as a purely democratic ideal, by presenting it as an alternative to decision-making by ‘bad’ political elites or by promoting referendums as a tool to realise their preferred policy decisions. Populist referendum support is thus related to people-centrism and ant-elitism, as elements of a populist ideology, but also to strategic considerations. These lines of argument are used by both populists on the right and the left, but anti-elitism is particularly prominent in manifestos of radical rightwing populist parties. Populists are not the only supporters of direct democracy – however, there is no evidence that non-populist parties did become more favourable towards referendums to adapt to the populist call for a greater referendum use.
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Abed, Dana, Rihab Sawaya, and Nadim Tabbal. Analyzing Voter Turnout in Lebanon: Political Change in Times of Crisis. Oxfam, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2022.8823.

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In May 2022, Lebanon is hosting its first parliamentary elections since the popular uprising of October 2019, when massive protests took place to denounce the current ruling elites. This research looks at voter turnout and behavior on the eve of the elections and examines the will for political change. It argues that in the current Lebanese context, there needs to be further political awareness-raising, and campaigns should be more inclusive of women and the queer community. Independent campaigns should focus on developing strong governing capacities that voters can trust, and create further space for civic and political engagement on the local and national levels.
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Terzyan, Aram. State-Building in Belarus: The Politics of Repression Under Lukashenko’s Rule. Eurasia Institutes, December 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47669/psprp-2-2019.

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This paper explores the politics of repression and coercion in Belarus, with a focus on the Belarusian authorities’ brutal responses to dissident activities. While repressions are seen to be a backbone of authoritarian rule, there is a lack of case studies of repressions and repressive policies in different kinds of authoritarian regimes and their interaction with other mechanisms of authoritarian sustainability. As Belarus has demonstrated, Lukashenko’s effort’s at perpetuating his power have prompted his regime into increasing the role of repressions. Coercion and repression have been critical to suppressing dissent and pluralism across the country. Essentially, successful, mass-based opposition to the ruling elites, that led to 2014 Maidan Revolution in Ukraine and the 2018 “Velvet Revolution” in Armenia served as examples to discontented elements in Belarus. Meanwhile, to shield itself from the diffusion effects of ‘color revolutions’, the Belarusian regime has tended to reinforce its repressive toolkit through suppressing the civil society, coercing the opposition, and preventing the latter from challenging Lukashenko’s rule. This study enquires into the anatomy of repressive governance in Europe’s “last dictatorship.”
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Terzyan, Aram. Belarus in the Wake of a Revolution: Domestic and International Factors. Eurasia Institutes, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47669/eea-3-2020.

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This paper explores the political landscape of Belarus in the aftermath of the 2020 presidential elections, with a focus on both domestic and international factors behind the ongoing crisis. Lukashenko’s regime has a long record of sustaining its power by preserving elite unity, controlling elections, and/or using force against opponents. Therefore, massive fraud characterizing the 2020 presidential elections and brutal suppression of peaceful protests in its aftermath came as no surprise. Against this backdrop, the anti-government protests following the presidential elections raised a series of unanswered questions regarding both their domestic and foreign policy implications. The biggest question is whether the Belarusian civil society and opposition will prove powerful enough to overcome state repression and change the status quo in Europe’s “last dictatorship”. Worries remain about the Belarusian opposition’s emphasis on foreign policy continuity, meaning that Belarus is bound to remain in the orbit of the Russian authoritarian influence. The total fiasco of post-Velvet Revolution Armenian government both in terms of domestic and foreign policies, among others, further reveals the excruciating difficulties of a democratic state-building within the Russia-led socio-political order.
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Bano, Masooda, and Zeena Oberoi. Embedding Innovation in State Systems: Lessons from Pratham in India. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2020/058.

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The learning crisis in many developing countries has led to searches for innovative teaching models. Adoption of innovation, however, disrupts routine and breaks institutional inertia, requiring government employees to change their way of working. Introducing and embedding innovative methods for improving learning outcomes within state institutions is thus a major challenge. For NGO-led innovation to have largescale impact, we need to understand: (1) what factors facilitate its adoption by senior bureaucracy and political elites; and (2) how to incentivise district-level field staff and school principals and teachers, who have to change their ways of working, to implement the innovation? This paper presents an ethnographic study of Pratham, one of the most influential NGOs in the domain of education in India today, which has attracted growing attention for introducing an innovative teaching methodology— Teaching at the Right Level (TaRL) – with evidence of improved learning outcomes among primary-school students and adoption by a number of states in India. The case study suggests that while a combination of factors, including evidence of success, ease of method, the presence of a committed bureaucrat, and political opportunity are key to state adoption of an innovation, exposure to ground realities, hand holding and confidence building, informal interactions, provision of new teaching resources, and using existing lines of communication are core to ensuring the co-operation of those responsible for actual implementation. The Pratham case, however, also confirms existing concerns that even when NGO-led innovations are successfully implemented at a large scale, their replication across the state and their sustainability remain a challenge. Embedding good practice takes time; the political commitment leading to adoption of an innovation is often, however, tied to an immediate political opportunity being exploited by the political elites. Thus, when political opportunity rather than a genuine political will creates space for adoption of an innovation, state support for that innovation fades away before the new ways of working can replace the old habits. In contexts where states lack political will to improve learning outcomes, NGOs can only hope to make systematic change in state systems if, as in the case of Pratham, they operate as semi-social movements with large cadres of volunteers. The network of volunteers enables them to slow down and pick up again in response to changing political contexts, instead of quitting when state actors withdraw. Involving the community itself does not automatically lead to greater political accountability. Time-bound donor-funded NGO projects aiming to introduce innovation, however large in scale, simply cannot succeed in bringing about systematic change, because embedding change in state institutions lacking political will requires years of sustained engagement.
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Avis, William. Incorporating Gender Perspective in Peace Operations since 2018. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.143.

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This rapid literature review collates evidence from academic, policy focussed and grey literature on progress on incorporating gender perspectives in peace operations since 2018, including the deployment of female peacekeepers, and the emerging issues in this field. Key messages that emerge from this review include: The focus on women’s participation in peace processes has led to several initiatives and efforts to promote increased representation, the multidimensional nature of the UN’s women, peace, and security (WPS) agenda is illustrative of the complexity of contemporary peace operations. The new and emergent issues in National Action Plans (NAP) on Women, Peace and Security. Critiques of Resolution 1325 suggest that while the resolution provides some examples of what a gender perspective means in the context of a peace agreement, it does not define what it means to apply a gender perspective to peace processes. Gender perspectives are largely absent from peace negotiations. Despite the evolution of this agenda, most contemporary peace processes are still top-down, elite-driven exercises that contribute to marginalisation and exclusion. Whilst there is high-level commitment towards the strategy and what it aims to achieve, institutional barriers, assumptions, and politics undermine its implementation. Key challenges identified in the literature, related to incorporating Gender Perspectives in Peace Operations include. Buy-in from leadership, Mandate and context, Gender and expertise, Terminology, Under-representation of women in peacekeeping. Meaningful participation, Gap between norms and provisions, and Practical/logistical/training issues in implementing the WPS agenda.
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