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Kestel, Christine. "Über Elite." Diss., lmu, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-94170.
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Gonçalves, Márcio Mauri Kieller. "Elite vermelha." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/34721.
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Resumo: Este trabalho propõe-se a descrever o Partido Comunista do Brasil (PCB) no Paraná, seus dirigentes e sua organização no período de 1945 a 1964, a partir de três linhas. A primeira visa a realizar um breve levantamento histórico dos principais acontecimentos na vida do PCB no período: as lutas e os movimentos sociais e políticos de que participou, assim como as posições políticas dos comunistas paranaenses. A segunda linha consiste na elaboração de um perfil sócio-econômico dos dirigentes comunistas que compuseram cada uma das cinco direções estaduais que se sucederam durante os 19 anos que compreende o recorte temporal desta pesquisa; o objetivo desse perfil é determinar quem eram as pessoas que decidiam no interior da estrutura regional do Partido Comunista no Paraná, identificando características pessoais dos dirigentes (origem social, faixa etária, formação econômica, profissional, grau de instrução e religião, dentre outros aspectos) e suas atuações e trajetórias políticas (onde começaram a militar, ocupação de cargos em entidades e movimentos sociais, monitoração pelos órgãos de repressão, participação em direções partidárias intermediárias etc.). O terceiro e último ponto consiste em uma análise do jornal dos comunistas do Paraná, a Tribuna do Povo, que servia de instrumento organizador do coletivo partidário, na medida em que era o principal elo entre os que decidiam as políticas e orientações gerais do PCB e quem as executava nas mais diversas cidades do estado do Paraná.
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Waples, Steven Ballard. "Psychological characteristics of elite and non-elite level gymnasts." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1634.
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Literature has indicated that there are psychological characteristics in elite athletes of various sports that are significantly different than those of non-elite level athletes.
The purpose of this study was to discover the different psychological characteristics associated with elite level gymnasts, and contrast the results with psychological characteristics of competitive gymnasts of other levels using the Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28.
Participants in this study were 195 gymnasts from gymnastics training centers throughout the United States. Results indicated that there was a significant difference in the Personal Resources Score (PCR) between the elite gymnast and all other levels. Furthermore, a significant difference was demonstrated among four of the seven sub-scales making up the Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28. The study supports the hypothesis that the psychological make-up of "elite" level gymnasts is different than that of other competitive gymnastics levels.
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ʻIzz, al-ʻArab ʻAbd al-ʻAzīz. "European control and Egypt's traditional elites : a case study in elite economic nationalism /." Lewiston (N.Y.) : Edwin Mellen Press, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb392521551.
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Texte remanié de: Diss. Ph. D.--Institute of Islamic Studies--McGill University, 2000. Titre de soutenance : Nineteenth century expressions of economic nationalism in Egypt.<br>Bibliogr. p. 213-224. Index.
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Nunes, Manuel Domingos Ramalho Pereira. "A elite política parlamentar portuguesa: caracterização, cristalização e circulação (2005-2011)." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/11531.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciência Política<br>A dissertação centra-se no estudo das elites políticas e procura dar continuidade ao estudo
de Teixeira (2009) sobre o período entre 1990 e 2003, concentrando-se em caracterizar
através de vários indicadores a elite parlamentar portuguesa entre 2005 e 2011, período ao
longo do qual se realizaram três eleições legislativas em Portugal (2005, 2009 e 2011),
bem como debater os fenómenos de cristalização e circulação dessa mesma elite. Além
disso, a investigação procurou também estabelecer comparações entre os resultados
obtidos referentes ao período 2005-2011 com as conclusões obtidas por Teixeira (2009)
sobre o período 1990-2003. A dissertação estabeleceu a seguinte pergunta de partida:
existem alterações significativas em termos de caracterização, cristalização e circulação da
elite parlamentar portuguesa ao longo do período 2005-2011 face ao período 1990-2003
analisado por Teixeira (2009)? A investigação utilizou diversos indicadores (género, idade,
profissão, vínculo partidário, reeleição e renovação) para analisar e caracterizar os
candidatos e os eleitos à Assembleia da República dos partidos com representação
parlamentar. A investigação concluiu que a elite parlamentar portuguesa é homogénea e,
não obstante sua evolução em aspectos muito específicos, não existem alterações
significativas de caracterização, cristalização e circulação da elite parlamentar portuguesa
ao longo do período 2005-2011 face ao período 1990-2003 analisado por Teixeira (2009).<br>The master thesis focuses on the study of political elites and seeks to continue the study of
Teixeira (2009) about the period between 1990 and 2003, focusing on characterization
through various indicators the Portuguese parliamentary elite between 2005 and 2011, a
period over which took place three legislative elections in Portugal (2005, 2009 and 2011),
as well as to discuss the crystallization and the circulation of Portuguese parliamentary
elite. In addition, the research also sought to draw comparisons between the results
obtained by Teixeira (2009). The dissertation has established the following question: are
there significant changes in terms of characterization, crystallization and circulation of the
Portuguese parliamentary elite over the period 2005-2011 compared to the 1990-2003
period analyzed by Teixeira (2009)? The research used various indicators (gender, age,
occupation, party ties, re-election and renewal) to analyze and characterize the Portuguese
parliamentary elite and concluded that the Portuguese parliamentary elite is homogeneous
and, despite its evolution in very specific aspects, there are no significant changes in
characterization, crystallization and circulation of the Portuguese parliamentary elite over
the period 2005-2011 compared to the 1990-2003 period analyzed by Teixeira (2009).
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Gisslén, Karl. "The patellar tendon in junior elite volleyball players and an Olympic elite weightlifter." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Kirurgisk och perioperativ vetenskap, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-940.
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The principal aim of the present thesis was to prospectively follow (clinical status and ultrasound + Doppler findings) the patellar tendons in the young elite volleyball players at the Swedish National Centre for high school volleyball in Falköping. In an Olympic weightlifter with chronic painful jumper´s knee, the effects of treatment with sclerosing injections followed by early instituted very heavy weightlifting training, was also evaluated. First, in a prevalence study, we demonstrated that the clinical diagnosis patellar tendinopathy-jumper’s knee, together with structural tendon changes and vascularisation in the painful area of the tendon, was demonstrated in 12/114 tendons in Swedish junior elite volleyball players, but not in any tendons of individually matched (age, height and weight) not regularly sports active controls. Structural tendon changes alone was demonstrated among the volleyball players but also among the controls. In a 7 months prospective study of a total of 120 tendons, we demonstrated that the clinical diagnosis patellar tendinopathy-jumper’s knee was associated with neovessels/vascularity in the area with structural tendon changes in 17/19 tendons. Seventy tendons that at start were clinically normal, and had normal ultrasound + Doppler findings, remained clinically normal after 7 months with intensive training and playing volleyball. In a 3-year prospective study it was demonstrated that normal clinical tests and normal ultrasound + Doppler findings at school start, indicated a low risk (8%) for these players to sustain patellar tendinopathy-jumper’s knee during the 3 school years with intensive training and playing. In a case study, involving an Olympic elite weightlifter with chronic painful patellar tendinopathy-jumper’s knee, successful treatment with ultrasound and Doppler-guided injection of the sclerosing agent polidocanol, allowed for pain-free very heavy weight training two weeks after treatment. Further heavy weightlifting training on a daily basis, preparing for European Championships, was done without causing tendon rupture and/or pain. Key words: Jumper’s knee, Patellar tendinopathy, Chronic pain, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Neovascularisation, Volleyball, Weightlifting
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Gisslén, Karl. "The patellar tendon in junior elite volleyball players and an Olympic elite weightlifter /." Umeå : Univ, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-940.
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Figueroa, Adolfo, and José María Rentería. "On the World Economic Elite." Economía, 2016. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118315.
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Economic elites have not received enough attention in the economic literature. The obvious reason is limited access to information. This paper seeks to contribute to contemporary knowledge on elites in two ways. First, it employs a new unique data set on the world economic elite covering 2002-2014 to develop a method of measuring the degree of elite circulation; second, it provides a theoretical explanation of the observed facts. The empirical finding is that the world economic elite is subject to a low degree of circulation. Despite increased globalization, liberalization, longterm economic growth, and the recent Great Recession, the core of the elite remains mostly unchanged. Our theory attempts to explain this fact by introducing the analytical distinction between market competition and elite competition, which is a kind of meta-competition. Thus,the following relationship is derived from the theory: The low level of elite circulation, that is, the low meta-competition, underlies the oligopolistic market structures that we observe in the real world.<br>Las élites económicas no han recibido suficiente atención en la literatura económica. La razón evidente es el acceso limitado a información. Este estudio busca contribuir al conocimiento contemporáneo sobre elites de dos maneras. En primer lugar, utilizando una nueva base de datos de las élites económicas mundiales que cubre el periodo 2002-2014, se desarrolla un método paramedir el grado de circulación de las élites; en segundo lugar, se ofrece una explicación teórica de los hechos observados. El hallazgo empírico consiste en que la élite económica mundial muestra un bajo grado de circulación. A pesar de la mayor globalización, liberalización, crecimiento económico de largo plazo y una gran recesión económica reciente, el núcleo de las élites permanececasi inmutable. Nuestra teoría explica este hecho introduciendo la distinción analítica entre competencia de mercado y competencia de la élite, la cual es una especie de meta-competencia. Luego, la siguiente relación es derivada de la teoría: el bajo nivel de circulación de las élites, es decir, la baja meta-competencia, subyace a las estructuras oligopolísticas de mercado que se observan en el mundo real.
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Spigelman, Tracy H. "COORDINATION OF SWIMBENCH FREESTYLE IN ELITE AND NON-ELITE SWIMMERS: A DYNAMICAL SYSTEM APPROACH." UKnowledge, 2009. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/691.
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Elite swimmers can be distinguished from novice swimmers by freestyle stroke technique. Elite swimmers move through multiple coordination modes, increases in stroke lengths, stroke rates, and body roll allowing for a more symmetrical stroke and increased speed compared with novice swimmer during 100m freestyle.
Coaches strive to improve swimmers’ performance by providing feedback about stroke technique, mostly from the pool deck where view of the full stroke cycle is obstructed by the water. Tools to assess swimming are often expensive and require extra training, which does not provide a pragmatic solution. A dryland rotational swimbench would provide a means to evaluate freestyle swimming. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the sensory motor system of elite and novice level swimmers by comparing kinematic, coordinative structures and spatial-temporal characteristics of freestyle stroke on a dryland swimbench with a rotational component.
Thirty elite and novice collegiate and masters swimmers were instrumented with reflective markers bilaterally on the upper extremity and torso. A series of four ten second trials of freestyle sprint swimming were performed on the swimbench. Repeated measures were used for statistical analysis for comparison between and within groups. Bonferroni corrections were used as post-hoc analysis.
Results indicated no significant difference between elite and novice swimmers’ sensory-motor system, kinematics or spatio-temporal systems on a rotational swimbench. Similarities could be accounted for by swimmers perceiving a novel task due to differences in sensory feedback, and mechanical limitations of the bench. It is noteworthy that catch-up/opposition coordination are more common than superposition which provides support for the swimbench providing a more similar representation to in water swimming.
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Hirsch, Frank. "Aufklärerische Adelskritik im Spiegel der Zeitschriften." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB11244189.
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Salmonsson, Martin. "Foreign aid : an elite survey." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Political Science, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-915.
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<p>The inability of foreign aid to generate an appropriate model for development and the complexities related to Official Development Assistance (ODA) to the “Third World” are what initiated my interest to write about foreign aid. In this study I seek to further elabo-rate on this complex issue on foreign aid; does it lead to development or dependency?</p><p>Within the debate, the controversy exists around aid dependency and economic growth and is fuelled by the fact that Sub-Saharan Africa has barely achieved any poverty reduction since the 1960´s. Mr. William Easterly an ex-World Bank employee represents the critical opinion to Foreign Aid. He argues that the international foreign aid programme is characterized by a westernized, patronizing and post-colonial approach, which yields dependency rather than development in today’s world of free-market economies. Foreign aid as we know it must therefore be abolished. Mr. Jeffrey Sachs Current World Bank employee and UN secretary advisor represents the supporters of foreign aid. He argues that foreign aid works efficiently and calls for the doubling of foreign aid and the need for donor countries to reach the one percent target of GDP.</p><p>In this case study of foreign aid, the subject under investigation (the argumentation within the public debate) is studied through a historical perspective. Secondly a comparison will be made between the public debate and the way this issue is discussed among field workers.</p><p>An interesting observation when analyzing the discussions on foreign aid efficiency in international aid programme is that the polarization witnessed in the public- or “elite” debate is not as obvious when analyzing the opinion of aid-workers. This would imply that uncertainty about aid efficiency is exaggerated in the public debate.</p><p>By resolving problems of classical development theories, rather than rethinking the purpose of aid based on its positive affects, foreign aid may be robbed of its real potential.</p>
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Kuzu, Ayse Mine. "Elite Led Democratization In Georgia." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609170/index.pdf.
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The process of democratization in the successor states of the former Soviet Union has been widely studied by political scientists, sociologist and experts in area studies. Academic literature mainly focuses on the factors which would facilitate
and/or hinder the process of democratization in the post-Soviet era. These include economic development, political culture, the nature of previous regime type, structural factors and the role of elite. This thesis analyzes the process of democratization in Georgia while focusing on the elite choices and initiatives. It mainly focuses on democratic achievements as well as the failures in democratization under the rule of three post-Soviet presidents of Georgia, Zviad Gamsakhurdia,
Eduard Shevardnadze and Mikheil Saakashvili. While doing so, it compares and contrasts the practices, priorities and policies of three leaders and evaluates on the impact of different leadership patterns on the process of democratization. This thesis argues that democratization in post-Soviet countries in general and in Georgia in particular is mainly an elite-led process. The success and failure of this process depends on the elite choices and initiatives and the power relations between and within the elite groups.
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Sein, Mya Lay School of Medicine UNSW. "Shoulder pain in elite swimmers." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Medicine, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/26165.
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Shoulder pain in elite swimmers is common and its cause is unknown. One hypothesis is that repetitive swimming leads to shoulder laxity, which in turn leads to impingement and shoulder pain. An observational cross-sectional study was designed to test this hypothesis. Eighty elite swimmers (13-25 years of age) completed questionnaires on their swimming training, pain and shoulder function. They were given a standardized clinical shoulder examination, and tested for inferior glenohumeral joint laxity using a noninvasive electronic laxometer designed for this study. Fifty-two swimmers also attended for a shoulder MRI. The laxometer had good-excellent reliability for inter-observer (Intra-class correlation coefficient, ICC = 0.74) and intra-observer (ICC = 0.76) assessments of joint laxity. The reliability of MRI-determined supraspinatus tendinosis was excellent with a single experienced musculoskeletal radiologist (intra-observer ICC = 0.85) and fair for an inter-observer assessment including less experienced radiologists (ICC = 0.55). MRIdetermined supraspinatus tendinosis was present in 36/52 (69%) swimmers, including four international-level athletes. A positive impingement sign correlated with supraspinatus tendinosis (r = 0.49, p = 0.0002). The impingement sign had 100% sensitivity and 65% specificity for diagnosing supraspinatus tendinopathy. Shoulder laxity correlated modestly with impingement (r = 0.23, p < 0.05). There was no association between shoulder laxity and supraspinatus tendinosis (r = 0.24, p = 0.08). The number of hours swum/week (r = 0.36, p = 0.01) and the weekly mileage (r = 0.34, p = 0.02) both correlated significantly with supraspinatus tendinopathy whereas swimming stroke preference did not. Multiple logistic regression analysis performed with supraspinatus tendinopathy as the dependent variable showed the combination of hours swum/week and weekly mileage correctly predicted tendinopathy in 85% of elite swimmers. These data indicate that: (1) supraspinatus tendinopathy is a major cause of shoulder pain in elite swimmers; and (2) this supraspinatus tendinopathy is induced by the volume/dose of swimming; and (3) shoulder laxity per se has only a minimal association with shoulder impingement in elite swimmers. These finding in humans are consistent with animal and tissue culture findings which support the hypothesis that tendinopathy is related to the dose and duration of load to tendon cells.
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Wimshurst, Zöe. "Visual skills in elite athletes." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2012. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/791906/.
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In order to perform at the highest level, athletes will acquire information from all of their sensory systems. It would be intuitive to assume that the most vital information for the majority of sports-related tasks will be gathered via the visual system and that this visual input. tends to override information from other sensory sources. Research is beginning to highlight the links between the ability to quickly and accurately pick up visual information and quality of performance in a range of sports (Erickson, 2007). The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the visual skills of elite athletes and the effect of these visual skills on performance at the highest level of sport. The first experimental chapter aims to assess the current level of visual skills present in athletes of the highest level and compare these to lower level athletes, as well as by gender and sport. The thesis then goes on to develop a tool to use in order to assess the visual demands of a particular sport. In Chapters Four and Five visual training programmes are used with the aim of improving visual skills of elite athletes. In one study improvements are measured by playing position and the next applies different methods of vision training and improvements are measured not only in visual skill but also in sport-specific skill. Finally Chapter Six uses fMRI to compare the different brain function of expert athlete with novices. This thesis has shown that athletes from different sports, genders and abilities show assorted visual skills. It has also developed a tool to uncover which visual skills an expert considers most important for their sport. The training studies have proved successful in improving not only the visual skills of elite athletes but also their sport specific skills. Finally, it has been shown that experts use different areas of their brain when making sporting judgements, regardless of whether the decision is in the sport in which they excel or in an unfamiliar sport.
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Bohlke, Nikolai. "Benchmarking of elite sport systems." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2006. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/12193.
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The organisation of elite sport systems has been the focus of a great variety of different investigations over the past ten years. In particular, many studies have compared the structure and organisation of different national elite sport systems on the macro and meso levels. A result of the existing investigations is a clear convergence of the service portfolio different elite sport systems offer their athletes and coaches. Despite this current trend to a homogeneous elite sport system design, medal tables of major sport events suggest that some nations are still more successful than others in specific sports. This suggests that more successful sport systems might have found better ways to implement the otherwise similar and conventional support portfolio. However, there is a lack of studies that focus on what practices successful elite sport systems apply in the actual delivery of the support services to their athletes and coaches; in how far these practices are related to the ,success of the sport systems; if these practices look similar across different successful sport systems; and if these practices provide useful lessons for other systems to learn from. The management tool benchmarking appears to be a useful framework to guide such comparisons at the operational level. Thus, this thesis evaluated the applicability of this management concept for furthering understanding of elite sport system management. In order to conduct this evaluation it was decided to analyse the operational processes and structures two successful elite sport systems apply for the delivery of five elements of the elite sport support portfolio. In specific, the investigation focused on the comparison of the design of the squad system, the hierarchy of coaches within the squad system, the organisation of the coach education, as well as the provision of sport science and lifestyle support, which were the Benchmarking Objects of this study. The Swedish athletics and the Norwegian cross-country skiing national team, and the general elite sport support institutions they cooperate with, were chosen as the Benchmarking Subjects, i.e. the comparison partners, for this investigation. This research was based on a series of semi-structured interviews which were conducted with about 50 key pOSition holders such as coaches, athletes, lifestyle support managers, or performance diagnosticians during two study visits to Norway and Sweden. This study concluded that benchmarking can lead to insights into the operational management of successful elite sport systems. It must however also be stressed that benchmarking is not a universal remedy for the problems managers of elite sport systems face today. As this research showed, the two Benchmarking Subjects applied unexpected solutions for the delivery of some of the chosen Benchmarking Objects - and some of these practices appeared to be heavily linked to the organisational and cultural context of the investigated sport systems. Thus, it must be carefully evaluated for each process or structure, which is identified during a bench marking exercise, if it constitutes a transferable best practice which is applicable outside the organisational context of the respective Benchmarking Subject.
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Murphy, Andrew James. "Elite rowing : Technique and performance." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.511989.
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Arnold, Lizabeth A. "Imagery use by elite divers." Virtual Press, 2004. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1293519.
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El-Gamal, Maisa Y. "Egypt's ministerial elite : 1971-1981." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389412.
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Ludlam, Katie E. "Super-strengths in elite sport." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2017. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/17309/.
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The intention of this PhD was to develop a conceptual pathway for how a novel approach termed super-strengths can be delivered by Sport Psychology practitioners, and to investigate the effects of the approach. The rationale for exploring this particular strengths-based approach (super-strengths) was that although this way of working has scarcely featured in the sport psychology literature, strengths-based approaches have been reported to have positive effects on psychological characteristics and performance in various similar domains. The purpose of the first study of the thesis was to gain an insight into how super-strengths is being used in elite sport, and to develop an initial conceptual pathway for understanding and implementing the approach. The aims were three-fold: first, to explore the meaning of super-strengths; second to explore how super-strengths are identified; and finally to capture the key phases for implementing the approach. To do so, the study explored how sport psychologists (n=7) and coaches (n=8), had co-delivered a super-strengths approach with UK elite athletes. Findings from the semi-structured interviews were categorized into three general dimensions: defining super-strengths, identification methods, and phases of development. Super-strengths were defined as a strategy for performance, utilizing a potential world’s-best resource to gain a competitive edge in a performance context. Identification methods were subjective (e.g., asking/observing athletes) and objective (e.g., performance analysis). Participants emphasized three development phases: preparation, adaptation, and monitoring. The findings of the study reinforced the need to obtain athletes’ perceptions of super-strengths to explore their experiences of the approach. Thus, the purpose of the second study was to gain understanding of athletes’ perceptions of the role and effects of engaging with super-strengths, in relation to their psychological characteristics and performance in elite sport. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with athletes (n=12) who had previous experience of working with a sport psychology practitioner on super-strengths. Thematic analysis of the data (Braun & Clarke, 2006) indicated that super-strengths had a positive influence on athletes’ mind-set, confidence, clarity of purpose, drive, coping ability, and performance. Findings highlighted the potential benefits of adopting strengths-based approaches in sport, and together with the findings from study one suggested that sport psychology (SP) practitioners conducting a super-strengths intervention with elite athletes could potentially facilitate both psychological and performance gains. Thus the next investigation comprised a two-phased super-strengths intervention in an elite sport setting. The aims of phase one were twofold: to preliminarily investigate the practicality of a) delivering a super-strengths intervention guided by the conceptual pathway generated from studies one and two; and b) employing sport-specific self-report measures as a way of evaluating efficacy, guided by the findings of study two. The intervention was conducted with amateur boxers. Measures employed were informed by the findings of study two, and therefore assessed athletes’ confidence, engagement, basic needs satisfaction, coping skills, and performance. Findings suggested that the intervention was well received by athletes and there were evident positive changes detected from the psychometric measures. Building on these findings, phase two of the intervention research involved a more in-depth, refined super-strengths intervention whereby a single subject, multiple baseline design was employed with athletes (n=3) from different elite sport settings (cricket, shooting, football). The findings indicated the efficacy of a super-strengths intervention for facilitating positive changes in confidence, engagement, needs satisfaction, coping, and performance in elite sport. In conclusion, this thesis has enabled an in-depth understanding to be gained on the role of super-strengths, how it can be delivered in elite sport settings, and the potential benefits it can have on athletes’ psychological factors and performance.
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Smith, Judith Veronica. "Psychological momentum in elite athletes." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2000. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/5636/.
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The competitive sporting environment provides an ideal opportunity to examine the concept of psychological momentum. The aim of this thesis is to further develop the issues raised by the momentum literature through the application of an eclectic range of research approaches. Study One examined positive and negative experiences for successful and unsuccessful performances within a population of elite middle and long distance runners. A qualitative design revealed that there were differences between the number of positive and negative experiences exhibited for the two performances. More specifically, more positive experiences were found for the successful performance and negative experiences for the unsuccessful performance. Personal and situational variables, such as confidence, goals, anxiety and attributions, were examined and it was concluded that the athletes' interpretations of experiences may be related to positive and negative momentum states. The second study examined in more detail the relationship between positive and negative experiences. It also attempted to gain a greater understanding of perceived momentum by tracking momentum shifts over time between competing tennis players. A diverse approach to data collection and analysis allowed for comparisons between competing players to be made. Descriptive statistical analysis revealed that winning the first point in a game resulted in more games being won, compared to losing the first point. Content and frequency analysis was also carried out based on interview data. Results indicated that differences existed between the winners and losers. In particular, more positive experiences were exhibited by the winners and more negative experiences by the losers. More in-depth case studies were used to gain a more detailed insight into momentum shifts. Each match examined told a unique story, however similarities were found. There were two main findings, firstly losers identified more key momentum moments than winners. Secondly, questionnaire data revealed divergent patterns for perceived status over a range of parameters (e.g. fatigue) between each winner and loser. In combination these findings offered further support for the differentiated existence of momentum within sports competition. The final study considered the notion of momentum from a more holistic perspective and utilised a longitudinal methodology to examine both on and off court activities of a female tennis player on the professional circuit. A departure from the previous post-positivistic paradigm lead to a case study being produced which identified fluctuation of momentum both during and between performances. Results adapt well to recent models of momentum and are discussed in terms of each construct. The findings from the thesis support the existence of psychological momentum and contribute towards a reformulated model of momentum. The model draws upon findings from the present thesis and also incorporates findings from previous momentum research. Finally, the unique approach of combining traditional quantitative methods with more recent qualitative techniques highlighted concerns over the rigidity of past research and suggests how new lines of enquiry might be used in future research.
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Murphy, Charles Matthew. "Audience design in elite rhetoric." Diss., UC access only, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=18&did=1907270861&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1270075684&clientId=48051.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Riverside, 2009.<br>Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 115-123). Issued in print and online. Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations.
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Farkas, Gergei. "Essays on Elite Networks in Sweden : Power, social integration, and informal contacts among political elites." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-75877.
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The aim of this dissertation is to present work on a number of salient characteristics of elite relations in Sweden, studied from a social network analytic perspective. Elite integration, the distribution of elite power, and the significance of elites’ informal relations represent the three main themes explored in the original studies that comprise the thesis. Studies 1-3 concern elite relations at the local, i.e. municipal level of political decision-making, while research on parliamentary political elites is reported in Study 4. Studies 1-3 draw upon original complete network data collected through personal interviews with 248 local elites (politicians, corporate leaders, civil servants, etc.) active in four mid-sized Swedish municipalities. The question of local elite integration is investigated in Study 1, while the question of women elites’ potential access to structural power is studied in Study 2. These studies conclude that local elites are well integrated around structural cores of politicians and civil servants, and that women elites are on average not structurally disadvantaged due to their sex. Research concerning the role local elites’ involvement in associations like Rotary clubs is reported in Study 3. The results suggest that membership in such semi-exclusive voluntary settings may have an optimizing impact upon the elites’ personal networks, as far as their individual level social capital is concerned. In the final study (Study 4) focus is shifted to national political elites when a social network analytic perspective is utilized to study social cohesion within multiparty opposition coalitions recently formed in the Swedish Riksdag. The study concludes that the right wing-liberal Alliance coalition formed prior to the 2006 general elections was socially better integrated and more cohesive than the socialist-environmentalist coalition formed during the subsequent parliamentary cycle.<br><p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: Submitted. Paper 2: Submitted. Paper 4: Submitted.</p>
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Royan, Media. "Transnationalism Practices by the Kurdish Diaspora Elite : -The role of the Swedish Kurdish diaspora elite -." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-78370.
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Abstract In the past, the main focus of migration studies was the investigation of influences of immigrants on the host society and their integration into the country of settlement. However, transnationalism studies currently place much greater emphasis upon the other side – which is the effect of living in diaspora, in the society of origin with trans-border citizenship. The cultural, social and political interactions and connections between Sweden as a country of settlement and Kurdistan (especially Iraqi Kurdistan), create a transnational social space where the members of the Kurdish elite can play a major role in improvement of Kurdistan. From here, their adoption of a double identity makes it possible for them to permanently define and redefine their position in Swedish society while simultaneously participating in the inherent development of Kurdistan. The merging of the members of the Kurdish elite’s discourse in rebuilding of democracy and development with regard to reconstruction, leads to more focus on the role of diaspora and understanding the Swedish Kurdish elite’s impact on “functionalizing” and major contribution in the current state of Kurdistan. The ways of expression, increasing academic value, multicultural behavior, and the elite’s activities in civil society organization in between two or several states, their appearance in the international scene, experiences of living in both host / home societies, and multi-relations in a diasporic context continuing and re-adjusting national identities are essential indications of trans-border identity formation of Kurdish diaspora. After the liberation of Kurdistan (northern Iraq 2003), members of the Kurdish elite experienced transnationalism mainly through transferring their success in performing various activities for their homeland and at the same time integrating more into the host countries that received them. During this research, the researcher met and interviewed a number of members of Kurdish elites who had very interesting stories about the Kurdish diaspora, and more especially the important role they play in the transnational space that connects the Kurdish homeland to many European countries and the United States. Using a phenomenology method, the researcher classifies the elements that can characterize the practices of Kurdish diaspora elite as transnationalism. Sweden is one of the main countries where the Kurdish elite diaspora gathered and are organized to contribute to the development of Kurdistan. Since the Kurdish diaspora is the largest nation that lacks a state, the Kurdish diaspora has formed a long-distance nation in host country.
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Paula, Quenya Silva Correa de. "A elite da elite das profissões jurídicas: conflitos intraprofissionais na magistratura Federal da 2ª Região." Faculdade de Direito de Vitoria, 2013. http://191.252.194.60:8080/handle/fdv/257.
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Previous issue date: 2013-03-06<br>O objetivo deste trabalho é a análise e compreensão dos conflitos
intraprofissionais existentes na magistratura federal brasileira, especificamente na 2ª Região, que afetam ou interferem o acesso à justiça. A hipótese principal que orientou essa pesquisa foi a de que existe um campo político, (para além do campo jurídico), onde os magistrados federais estão inseridos e, que representa um espaço social de posições (status), capitais, relações, poder e privilégios. No interior desse campo, a pesquisa buscou identificar a posição dominante das elites jurídicas ao argumento da apropriação do capital cultural herdado e do habitus adquirido ou incorporado no processo de formação escolar.<br>The objective of this work is the analysis and understanding of intraprofessional conflicts existing in the Brazilian federal judiciary, specifically in the second Region, which affect or interfere with the access to justice. The main hypothesis that guided this research was the one that exists a political field, (located beyond the legal field), where federal judges are inserted, and that represents a social space of positions (status), capital, relationships, power and privilege. Within this field, the research was to identify the dominant position of the legal elites to argument of the appropriation of inherited cultural capital and habitus acquired or incorporated into the process of schooling.
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Biggin, Isobelle J. R. "An investigation of elite athletes' and coaches' perceptions of mental ill-health in elite athletes." Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2015. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/13826/.
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Research suggests elite athletes have an equal, possibly higher, probability of developing mental ill-health as the general population. However understanding of these issues amongst athletes and coaches remains largely unknown. The perceptions of 20 elite athletes and 16 elite coaches of mental ill-health amongst elite athletes were explored. Two concurrent, three round Delphi methods, using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis, were used to compare groups’ responses. Athletes and coaches expressed different opinions and experiences of mental ill-health amongst elite athletes. However, both felt the pressure athletes place upon themselves is a significant contributing factor and that obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and anxiety may be particularly prevalent. Whilst associated stigma was thought to be a barrier to support seeking, both groups felt sport and clinical psychologists would provide the most appropriate support, with coaches playing an important role. Implications for coaches, clinical and sport psychologists are explored and suggestions for future research are presented.
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Unterweger-Treven, Silke. "Die Idee der Elite und deren Realisierung durch die Institution Hochschule : ein internationaler Vergleich /." Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang, 2007. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0711/2007416143.html.
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Fawcett, Thomas. "An investigation into the perceptions of mental toughness of adventurers/explorers, elite athletes and elite coaches." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.428862.
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Tan, Tien-Chin. "Chinese sports policy and globalisation : the case of the Olympic movement, elite football and elite basketball." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2008. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/15139.
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This thesis seeks to analyse to what extent, in what ways and with what success does the Chinese government seek to manage its interaction with sport globalisation in Olympic Movement, football and basketball? Held et al's (1999) conceptualisation of globalisation provides the major theoretical framework for the analysis. In order to analyse the behaviour of the Chinese state we adopt Houlihan's (1994) concepts of 'reach' and 'response' which focus attention on global actors and pressures external to the country and state (reach) and the capacity of states to determine their response. A set of quantitative and qualitative indicators of globalisation have been identified. Data were collected from a number of sources including official government documents, news media, and a series of 32 interviews with Chinese officials. The analysis reveals that the Chinese government has demonstrated a desire and a capacity to manage the impact of the Olympic Movement, global football and basketball on domestic sport practices; and second, the Chinese government has attempted, with reasonable success, to manage the impact of commercial interests on Chinese domestic football, basketball and other Olympic sports practices, elite athletes and professional clubs. However, a number of tensions exist: first, between the priorities of commercial clubs and national teams' development; and second, between the highly paid and internationally mobile 'star players' and the centrally controlled elite development system.
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Vieira, Arnaldo de Freitas [UNESP]. "Faca na caveira: o realismo espetacular na adaptação de Elite da Tropa para Tropa de Elite." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152219.
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Previous issue date: 2017-10-26<br>Este projeto pretende enfocar a problemática que permeia a adaptação de obras literárias para os meios audiovisuais, mais em especifico, o cinema brasileiro, por meio da análise da obra Elite da Tropa, de Luiz Eduardo Soares, André Batista e Rodrigo Pimentel, e sua transposição cinematográfica Tropa de Elite, filme dirigido por José Padilha. Desta forma, temos o interesse de, no cerne do processo da tradução/adaptação, investigar relações discursivas entre o factual e o ficcional que marcam tanto o livro quanto o filme, analisando a presença de traços de reportagem jornalística na obra literária e de cinema documental na obra Fílmica.<br>This project intends to focus the problematic that permeates the adaptation of literary works to the audiovisual media, more specifically, the brazilian cinema, through the analysis of book Elite‟s Troop, from Luiz Eduardo Soares, André Batista and Rodrigo Pimentel and your cinematographic transition Elite Squad, directed by José Padilha. In this way, we have the interest of investigating the discursive relations between the factual and the fictional that mark both the book and the film, analyzing the presence of traits of journalistic reporting in the literary work and documentary film in the film work.
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Vieira, Arnaldo de Freitas. "Faca na caveira : o realismo espetacular na adaptação de Elite da Tropa para Tropa de Elite /." Bauru, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152219.
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Orientador: Marcelo Magalhães Bulhões<br>Banca: José Carlos Marques<br>Banca: Laura Louguercio Cánepa<br>Resumo: Este projeto pretende enfocar a problemática que permeia a adaptação de obras literárias para os meios audiovisuais, mais em especifico, o cinema brasileiro, por meio da análise da obra Elite da Tropa, de Luiz Eduardo Soares, André Batista e Rodrigo Pimentel, e sua transposição cinematográfica Tropa de Elite, filme dirigido por José Padilha. Desta forma, temos o interesse de, no cerne do processo da tradução/adaptação, investigar relações discursivas entre o factual e o ficcional que marcam tanto o livro quanto o filme, analisando a presença de traços de reportagem jornalística na obra literária e de cinema documental na obra Fílmica.<br>Abstract: This project intends to focus the problematic that permeates the adaptation of literary works to the audiovisual media, more specifically, the brazilian cinema, through the analysis of book Elite‟s Troop, from Luiz Eduardo Soares, André Batista and Rodrigo Pimentel and your cinematographic transition Elite Squad, directed by José Padilha. In this way, we have the interest of investigating the discursive relations between the factual and the fictional that mark both the book and the film, analyzing the presence of traits of journalistic reporting in the literary work and documentary film in the film work.<br>Mestre
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Ou-yang, Hsin-yi. "Transformation of the provincial elite in post-Mao China : state function, elite recruitment and political stability /." The Ohio State University, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487683401441273.
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Brouwers, Jessie. "The Role of Elite Sport Policies, Pathways and Inter-Organisational Relationships in Developing Elite Tennis Players." Thesis, Griffith University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365374.
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Many countries globally support and continuously seek ways to achieve and sustain elite athlete success. Governments spend significant sums of public or government controlled funding in elite sport to improve or maintain success at the international level. However, elite athlete development is the result of a combination of elite sport policies, athlete development pathways and interactions between various stakeholders that are involved in the delivery of athlete development pathways. These factors make elite athlete development a complex, multi-layered and multi-faceted field of study that necessitates specific research efforts that focus on how these factors contribute to elite athlete development in specific sports. This thesis examines these factors and progresses from a macro-level examination of broad international policies to a meso-level exploration of specific strategies for player development pathways. Then, it moves into a micro-level analysis of the inter-organisational relationships (IORs) between tennis clubs and a tennis federation. Three studies were used to undertake these examinations and shape the body of this thesis.<br>Thesis (PhD Doctorate)<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>Griffith Business School<br>Griffith Business School<br>Full Text
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Leal, Natacha Simei. "Nome aos bois. Zebus e zebuzeiros em uma pecuária brasileira de elite." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8134/tde-12052015-102330/.
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Está é uma tese sobre homens e bois. Através de pesquisa de campo em feiras agropecuárias, centrais de inseminação artificial, laboratórios, fazendas e do exame de registros genealógicos, manuais zootécnicos e outros textos e documentos publicados ou de arquivo, são explorados sob uma perspectiva antropológica aspectos e conceitos do âmbito do parentesco, das biotecnologias, da economia, das políticas de Estado relacionados a um segmento particular da pecuária no Brasil: o gado de elite. A pecuária de elite é um ramo da bovinocultura que produz espécimes reprodutores desenvolvidos para melhorar a qualidade de espécimes de comuns, de corte, que são encaminhados aos frigoríficos. Ao mesmo tempo, esse ramo se realiza em alto grau de autonomia em relação à pecuária de corte, constituindo um mercado com regras e atores específicos. O trabalho se concentra sobre a narrativa de uma invenção brasileira, do Triângulo Mineiro o gado zebu , que como tantas outras invenções nacionais, se fez a partir de investimentos nas ideias de sangue, família e raça. Zebus são, por excelência, de elite no Brasil e sua constituição mobiliza conceitos de sangue, genes, genealogia, raça, mestiçagem, pureza (entre outros), que se consolidam ao passo que aos animais é atribuído valor de mercado. O mercado de gado de elite, que contemporaneamente mobiliza cifras milionárias através da venda de bovinos em leilões, do uso de biotecnologias e da venda de células reprodutivas (sêmen e embriões), determina o valor das reses e de seus criadores, de zebus e de zebuzeiros. A invenção e realização deste ramo da pecuária, mais que zootécnica, é sobretudo política, pois trata da consolidação de elites de bovinos e elites de criadores no Brasil.<br>This is a thesis about men and oxen. Through field research on agricultural fairs, artificial insemination centers, laboratories, farms and examining genealogical records, husbandry manuals, as well as other texts, published documents or archives. In this thesis, aspects of the framework and concepts of kinship, biotechnologies, the economy, government policies relating to a particular segment of livestock in Brazil - the cattle elite - will all be explored from an anthropological perspective. The cattle elite is a branch of breeding cattle that produces specimens developed to improve the quality of specimens of common cutting, which are sent to slaughterhouses. At the same time, this branch carries a high degree of autonomy in relation to beef cattle, constituting a market with specific rules and actors. The work focuses on the narrative of a Brazilian invention, from the Triângulo Mineiro the zebu cattle - which like so many other national inventions was made from investments in the ideas of blood, family and race. Zebu cattle are, per excellence, the cattle elite in Brazil, and its constitution mobilizes concepts of blood, genes, genealogy, race, miscegenation and purity (among others), which consolidate these animals market value. The cattle market elite - which simultaneously mobilizes millions in money by selling at auctions, by the use of biotechnology and by the sales of reproductive cells (semen and embryos), determining the value of the cattle and their owners, i.e the zebu and the zebuzeiros (zebu breeders). The invention and implementation of this branch of husbandry, more than zootechnical, is actually political, because it pertains to the consolidation of the elites of cattle and the elites of family breeders in Brazil.
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Flöter, Jonas. "Eliten-Bildung in Sachsen und Preussen : die Fürsten- und Landesschulen Grimma, Meissen, Joachimsthal und Pforta (1868-1933) /." Köln : Böhlau, 2009. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3227753&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Grand'Maison, Karine. "Mental skills of elite ironman triathletes." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26914.
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Elite athletes use mental strategies in a wide variety of sports to enhance performance (Mahoney, Gabriel, & Perkins, 1987; Orlick & Partington, 1999; Schomer, 1987; Tammen, 1996; Ungerleider & Golding, 1991). High-level athletes have been found to use mental strategies before, during, and after competition (Orlick, 2000). Little is known, however, about the psychological strategies that Ironman triathletes use to race successfully. The question of how these triathletes mentally prepare to be their best in competitions has not been addressed in the literature.
The purpose of this study was to explore the mental skills employed by elite Ironman triathletes by exploring the following research question: How do elite Ironman triathletes get themselves mentally ready to be their best during competitions?
The present study provides meaningful insight into how elite Ironman triathletes mentally prepare. The main areas addressed include detailed race planning, following personal routines, focusing, controlling discomfort and other distractions, dealing with nutrition, having confidence in one's abilities, using imagery, staying positive, and connecting with one's body.
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Slack, Liam A. "Mental toughness in elite football officiating." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2013. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/17521/.
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The overall purpose of this Ph.D. thesis was to identify factors underpinning football officiating excellence. As a result, this thesis provided an in-depth study into understanding Mental Toughness (MT) and its development within elite football referees. A secondary purpose was to use the findings of the series of studies contained herein, to bridge the gap between theory and applied practice by providing recommendations for football officiating National Governing Bodies (NGBs), sport psychology consultants, and developing a programme aimed at facilitating officiating excellence and enhancing effective referee development. The aim of the first study of the thesis was to provide an in-depth understanding of football officiating excellence in the context of English Premier League (EPL) refereeing. Specifically, in this study, 15 “Select Group” referees (i.e., a panel of elite football officials governed to referee EPL matches) were interviewed about their perceptions of factors underpinning officiating excellence. Overall, the findings of study one indicated that there was no single dominant factor underpinning football officiating excellence, rather a variety of social (e.g., support networks), physical (e.g., superior physical components), environmental (e.g., opportunities to thrive), and psychological factors (e.g., personal characteristics). In particular, it was clear that EPL referees rely on seven MT attributes (i.e., sport intelligence, achievement striving, tough attitude, high work-ethic, coping with pressure, robust self-belief, and resilience) to deal with the many demands in this elite football environment. Subsequently, this finding enabled a further study to examine MT in this area. Again, using one-to-one interviews, study two explored the same 15 Select Group referees to attain a comprehensive understanding of MT in elite football officiating. Central to this investigation, study two examined situations perceived to require MT in EPL refereeing, as well as the behaviours and cognitions deployed by referees in such situations. Findings revealed that these MT situations converged into five higher-order themes: pre-match situations, during-match situations, post-match situations, general elite refereeing situations, and general-life situations. Throughout these situations, a multifunctional set of adaptive patterns of behaviour (e.g., act as a barrier between players) and cognitive strategies (e.g., awareness of players' emotions) were outlined. Recommendations for the development of MT in football officiating were offered, which together with findings from study one, highlighted the need for the design and implementation of a MT intervention. The purpose of study three was to evaluate the effectiveness of a Mental Toughness Education and Training Programme (MTETP) in English football officiating. Taken together with the pilot study, the findings outlined the effectiveness of a MTETP on MT development and performance, provided a good starting point for future research in an effort to develop more robust MT interventions, and assisted sport psychology consultants who endeavour to enhance MT in football officials. From a theoretical perspective, the findings of this thesis provided a detailed insight into the specific factors underpinning football officiating excellence. In doing so, a comprehensive conceptualisation of MT and its development in the context EPL refereeing was achieved. From an applied perspective, future guidelines for NGBs, coaches, and sport psychology consultancy for the effective integration of MT education and training in elite football officiating were presented.
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Waldén, Markus. "Epidemiology of injuries in elite football /." Linköping : Linköping University, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-8623.
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Gustafsson, Henrik. "Burnout in Competitive and Elite Athletes." Doctoral thesis, Örebro : Universitetsbiblioteket, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-1737.
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Waldén, Markus. "Epidemiology of injuries in elite football." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Socialmedicin och folkhälsovetenskap, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-8623.
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The purpose of this thesis was to study the injury characteristics in elite football, and risk factors for injury with special emphasis on anterior cruciate ligament injury. All five papers followed a prospective design using a standardised methodology. Individual training and match exposure was recorded for all players participating as well as all injuries resulting in time loss. Severe injury was defined as absence from play longer than 4 weeks. In Paper I, all 14 teams in the Swedish men’s elite league were studied during the 2001 season. In this paper, all tissue damage regardless of subsequent time loss was also recorded. There were no differences in injury incidence between the two injury definitions during match play (27.2 vs. 25.9 injuries per 1000 hours, p=0.66) or training (5.7 vs. 5.2 injuries per 1000 hours, p=0.65). Significantly higher injury incidences for training injury, overuse injury and re-injury were found during the pre-season compared to the competitive season. Thigh strain was the single most common injury (14%). In Paper II, 8% of all players in the Swedish men’s elite league 2001 had a history of previous ACL injury at the start of the study period. These players had a higher incidence of new knee injury during the season than players without previous ACL injury (4.2 vs. 1.0 injuries per 1000 hours, p=0.02). The higher incidence of new knee injury was seen both when using the player (relative risk 3.4, 95% CI 1.8-6.3) and the knee (relative risk 4.5, 95% CI 2.3-8.8) as the unit of analysis. In Paper III, eleven clubs in the men’s elite leagues of five European countries were studied during the 2001-2002 season. The incidence of match injury was higher for the English and Dutch teams compared to the Mediterranean teams (41.8 vs. 24.0 injuries per 1000 hours, p=0.008) as well as the incidence of severe injury (2.0 vs. 1.1 injuries per 1000 hours, p=0.04). Players having international duty had a higher match exposure (42 vs. 28 matches, p<0.001), but a tendency to a lower training injury incidence (4.1 vs. 6.2 injuries per 1000 hours, p=0.051). Thigh strain was the most common injury (16%) with posterior strains being more frequent than anterior ones (67 vs. 36, p<0.0001). In Paper IV, the national teams of all 32 countries that qualified for the men’s European Championship 2004, the women’s European Championship 2005 and the men’s Under-19 European Championship 2005 were studied during the tournaments. There were no differences in match and training injury incidences between the championships. Teams eliminated after the group stage in the women’s championship had a significantly higher match injury incidence compared to teams going to the semi-finals (65.4 vs. 5.0 injuries per 1000 hours, p=0.02). Non-contact mechanisms were ascribed for 41% of the match injuries and these injuries were more common in the second half. In Paper V, all 12 clubs in the Swedish women’s elite league and 11 of 14 clubs in the men’s elite league were studied during the 2005 season. The prevalence of a history of previous ACL injury at the start of the study was three times higher among the female players (15% vs. 5%, p=0.0002). During the season, 16 new ACL injuries were recorded. There was a tendency to a lower mean age at injury among the women (20 vs. 24 years, p=0.069). Adjusted for age, no gender-related difference in the incidence of ACL injury was seen (relative risk 0.99, 95% CI 0.37-2.6). Age was associated with ACL injury incidence in women where the risk decreased by 24% for each year increase in age (relative risk 0.76, 95% CI 0.59-0.96).
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Vanier, Julie L. "Aggression in elite women's ice hockey." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29525.
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The purpose of this study was to examine elite women's ice hockey, with particular emphasis on various aspects of aggression associated with the sport. A qualitative research methodology was employed. Participants included 4 coaches and 15 hockey players, from three elite levels of women's hockey. Each coach was interviewed using an in-depth open-ended format. Each athlete participated in a focus group interview. Commonalities emerged from the coach and athlete data, which resulted in the creation of three higher-order themes that were called (1) state of women's hockey, (2) coach and athlete issues, and (3) aggression in women's hockey. The data focused on the lives of those involved with the sport (coaches and athletes) and topics that were unique to women's ice hockey, including aggression. These results advance information concerning women's sport, coaching, and aggression in elite female athletics.
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Alred, David. "Coaching Elite Kickers for Optimum Performance." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.512171.
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Carr, Christopher M. "Substance abuse education with elite athletes." Virtual Press, 1992. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/833473.
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This study addressed the efficacy of a multimodal substance abuse prevention program with elite-level athletes. By utilizing components of substance abuse information and education, coping skills training, and self-esteem strategies, the study examined the effect of these variables on the subsequent alcohol and drug use behaviors and attitudes of the participants.In addition, measures of self-esteem and stress were examined to determine the effect of prevention on these variables. Gender differences were examined regarding substance use behaviors and attitudes, and change score measures were utilized to observe for behavioral changes from pretest to follow-up testing.Results indicated no differences on any of the dependent measures. Utilizing a repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), no significant differences in substance use behaviors and attitudes between athletes in the treatment and control conditions were found. There were also no gender differences reported on the dependent measures. In addition, chisquare (X2) analyses demonstrated no behavioral or attitudinal differences. A significant finding indicated that control group subjects had more substance abuse changes (both positive and negative) than the treatment condition. The hypotheses of the study were unconfirmed as a result of the statistical analyses.Limitations of the present study include the small sample size (although representative of the population), the small amount of actual reported use behaviors, and the length of the program (not sufficient time). It is recommended that future research in this area maintain the multimodal approach, while lengthening the time of implementation. Future dependent measures must be able to accurately detect small fluctuations in reported substance abuse behavioral changes.The survey data suggest that athletes at the elite level do demonstrate alcohol and drug use behaviors that may be detrimental to their personal and professional potential. Substance abuse education programs are necessary components of holistic prevention for athletes at all levels of training and competition. Future programs must consider the present study in the development of more successful and practical substance abuse education for athletes.<br>Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services
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Wang, Guan. "Genetic studies of elite athlete status." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2013. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4597/.
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In the past decade, limited progress has been made in identifying genetic associations with performance and health-related fitness phenotypes due to the use primarily of the traditional candidate-gene approach involving small sample sizes and few coordinated research efforts. Much of the genetic data relating to human performance has been generated while exploring the aetiology of lifestyle-related disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). As of 2008, over 200 autosomal gene entries and quantitative trait loci have been reported to be significantly associated with performance and health-related fitness. However, most genetic findings to date have been inconclusive due to studies employing relatively small sample sizes and predominantly single-gene approaches which are especially prone to type I errors. It is widely accepted that there will be many genes involved in sporting performance and health-related fitness phenotypes, and hence it is timely that genetic research has moved to the genomics era with the use of a genome-wide approach (e.g. genotyping a large number of variants simultaneously across the entire human genome) in a well-phenotyped, large cohort. This thesis summarizes the recent findings of genetic predisposition to elite human performance by using the conventional candidate-gene approach as well as the unbiased genome-wide approach (i.e. genome-wide association studies, GWASs). The current candidate gene study focused on investigating whether polymorphisms in the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and α-actinin-3 (ACTN3) genes are associated with elite swimmer status (stratified by swimming distance) in Caucasians and East Asians. ACE I/D and ACTN3 p.R577X polymorphisms were genotyped for 200 elite Caucasian swimmers (short and middle distance, ≤ 400 m, n = 130; long distance, > 400 m, n = 70) and 326 elite Japanese and Taiwanese swimmers (short distance, ≤ 100 m, n = 166; middle distance, 200–400 m, n = 160). Logistic regression and multiple-testing adjustment were applied to test for these genetic associations. ACE I/D was found to be associated with swimmer status in Caucasians, with the D allele being overrepresented in short-and-middle-distance swimmers with the largest effect being observed for the I-allele-dominant model (odds ratio = 1.90; logistic regression p = 0.001; permutation test p = 0.0005). In East Asians, however, the I allele was overrepresented in the short-distance swimmer group under the D-allele-dominant model (odds ratio = 1.52; logistic regression p = 0.012; permutation test p = 0.0098). The ACE I/D association findings in the elite swimmer cohorts showed that different risk alleles responsible for the associations were observed in swimmers of different ethnicities. ACTN3 p.R577X was not statistically significantly associated with swimmer status in either Caucasian or East Asian population. The lack of associations between the functional ACTN3 p.R577X polymorphism and elite swimmer status in both cohorts were in contrast to many associations with power-/sprint- performance in other sports previously reported. Since current sample size is relatively modest, larger studies will be required to further confirm these results, which, however, have highlighted that it is probable that the genes studied here are not the resulting variants responsible for the phenotypes of interest, despite the associations reported by previous candidate-gene studies in other sports. The present GWAS were conducted in an attempt to identify common polymorphisms associated with elite sprint and endurance status in Jamaicans, African-Americans and Japanese, respectively. These unique athlete cohorts comprised of athletes of the highest standard including world record holders, world champions, Olympians and winners of other international events. Following exclusion of individuals and markers failing the quality control filters, 609,801 autosomal SNPs in 88 Jamaican sprint athletes and 87 Jamaican controls, 637,991 autosomal SNPs in 79 African-American sprint athletes and 391 African-American controls, and 541,179 autosomal SNPs in 114 Japanese athletes (including 60 endurance and 54 sprint athletes) and 116 Japanese controls, were available for association analyses. 17, 7, 36 and 21 SNPs were associated with elite athlete status at a p < 0.00005 threshold of significance in elite Jamaican sprint, African-American sprint, Japanese sprint and Japanese endurance GWAS sets, respectively. Meta-analyses were performed for SNPs with unadjusted association p < 0.00005 across the sprint GWAS sample sets (i.e. Jamaican sprint, African-American sprint, Japanese sprint GWAS cohorts), using the fixed-effects model. The top 17 SNPs (unadjusted p < 0.00005) from the Jamaican sprint cohort were extracted from the association results of African-American sprint, Japanese sprint cohorts, respectively, for the combined effects to be calculated using a meta-analysis method. The same procedure was also applied to the top hits in African-American and Japanese cohorts. The combined odds ratio for the top meta-analysis hit was 2.61 (p = 0.000000466) with the allele G associated with elite sprint status in Jamaicans, African-Americans and Japanese. Although meta-analysis has increased the sample size and power to detect associations in the current GWAS, independent replication of these associations followed by functional studies of replicated SNPs are required. The results of the association studies presented here are the very first positive findings from GWAS involving world-class athletes and these encouraging findings provide further evidence of the importance of genetic predisposition to elite human performance. GWAS of athletes of the highest performance caliber as well as the application of meta-analysis across several initial GWASs seemed to help to circumvent the need for very large cohort of elite athletes and increase the study power. Nevertheless, future GWAS involving large well-funded collaborations using larger cohorts of elite athletes will be necessary in order to explore further the genetic architecture underlying elite human performance. Such initiatives may also allow gene x gene and gene x environment interactions to be explored to some extent, as well as the predictive utility of this genomic research.
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Miceli, Sergio 1945. "A elite eclesiastica brasileira : 1890-1930." [s.n.], 1985. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/281349.
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Tese (livre-docencia) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-14T03:27:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Miceli_Sergio_LD.pdf: 10343250 bytes, checksum: 7ff0497329e2642e35edd71246319fb9 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 1985<br>Resumo: Não informado<br>Abstract: Not informed<br>Tese (livre-docencia) - Univer<br>Livre-Docente em Sociologia
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Mitchell, Thomas. "Identity in elite youth professional football." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2016. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/4544/.
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The concepts of Athletic Identity (Brewer, Van Raalte, & Linder,1993) and identity (Erikson, 1950, 1968) both carry notions of having a clear sense of self definition. Applied practitioners in elite professional football settings (e.g. Holt & Dunn, 2004; Harwood, 2008; Nesti & Littlewood, 2010; Nesti, 2013) have championed the notion that individuals who possess a clear sense of self, (generally) cope with the demanding nature of first team football, and the daily challenges that arise from their chosen profession (i.e., injury, de-selection). Conversely, a small number of researchers have consistently argued that professional football club culture may not support the development of a clear sense of identity in (young) players, as it has been described as espousing notions of power, dominance, authority and insecurity (see e.g. Parker, 1995, 1996, 1998, 2001; Roderick, 2006, 2006a). The present thesis explores the role of identity, the impact of football club culture on its formation, and its importance in the career trajectory of youth team footballers. Across three distinct studies, this thesis explores the concepts of Athletic Identity, identity, and the creation of club culture within youth and professional football. Study one used a cross sectional approach, within and across levels of play along with distinct situational, demographic variables to assess any differentiating factors in Athletic Identity in 168 (N = 168) youth team footballers. Football club explained 30% of the variance in exclusivity among players (p = .022). Mean social identity was significantly higher for those players in the first year of their apprenticeship compared to the second year (p = .025). The range of variance for exclusivity amongst players suggested it was the cultural climate created at each individual football club that impacted this subscale of Athletic Identity. Study Two used a qualitative approach with the aim of critically exploring the perceptions of practitioners in relation to; ideal player characteristics, working practices, organisational culture and environmental conditions. These facets are influenced by practitioners within youth development programmes, all of which contribute to shaping a player’s identity (Erikson, 1968). A total of 19 youth development practitioners were interviewed during data collection. Practitioners provided an explicit and clear blueprint of the ideal player characteristics required for successful upward transition, including, self belief, dedication and self awareness, which are synonymous with notions of identity. Finally, Study three used a case study approach to critically examine how players’ experiences of a professional football environment and culture served to shape their identity and allows them to cope with critical moments. A Championship football club served as the case study in which 4 players were interviewed 3 times over the course of one season. Findings were represented as narrative stories of each player. Findings suggested that having a clear sense of identity provided players with a platform for resilience and perseverance throughout a range of critical moments. In summary, it is vital that appropriate internal (club) and external (affiliated organisations) strategies are developed and integrated into practice to ensure that players develop a clear sense of identity and meaning. It is essential that this transcends the professional football domain for players to have the best possible platform for career progression and career termination.
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Paridi, Konstantina. "Emotion regulation in elite table tennis." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för hälsa och välfärd, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-43287.
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There is evidence suggesting that elite athletes cope better with high-intense negative emotions than the non elite athletes. It is unknown, though, whether elites reach such optimal levels because they have better emotion regulation skills (EReg) or a reduced emotional reactivity (EReact). The present study aimed at disentangling EReg and EReact processes using an experimental paradigm in table tennis players. Twenty-nine (14 elite and 15 non elite) table tennis players were tested using the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) to study their emotional responses after viewing low and high intense pictures; they were instructed to use different emotional regulation strategies (distraction or reappraisal) in the experimental phase. Regarding to emotional reactivity differences, results have showed that elite athletes’ negativity ratings were lower than those of the control group, where there were not any significant differences between men and women. Moreover the results about emotional regulation effectiveness showed that non-elite athletes and women responded more strongly to negative images than elite athletes and men but contrary to the emotion regulation hypothesis, no interaction between the group and the instruction was found as they were equally able to reduce negativity by employing emotion regulation strategies.<br>Tidigare forskning visar att elitidrottare är bättre på att reglera hög-intensiva negativa känslor i jämförelse med icke elitidrottare. Det är fortfarande oklart om elitidrottare når dessa optimala nivåer pågrund av bättre emotionsreglering (EReg) eller en lägre emotionell reaktivitet (EReact). Föreliggande studies syfte är att försöka klargöra EReg och EReact processer, genom att använda en experimentell design hos bordtennis spelare. Tjugo nio (14 elit och 15 icke-elit) bordtennis spelare testades med hjälp utav International Affective Picture System (IAPS) för att undersöka deras emotionella responser efter att ha observerat låg och hög-intensiva bilder; de instruerades att använda olika emotion reglerings strategier (distraktion och reappraisal) i experiment fasen. Gällande emotionell reaktivitet visade Resultatet att elitidrottares negativa poäng var lägre än kontrollgruppen, det var inga signifikanta skillnader mellan män och kvinnor. Vidare visade resultat kring emotions reglering att icke-elitidrottare och kvinnor reagerade starkare på negativa bilder än elitidrottare och män, i kontrast till emotion reglerings hypotesen hittades ingen interaktions effekter mellan grupp och instruktionen vilket tyder på att grupperna var lika duktiga på att använda emotions reglerings strategier.
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Hanley, Brian. "Biomechanical analysis of elite race walking." Thesis, Leeds Beckett University, 2014. http://eprints.leedsbeckett.ac.uk/591/.
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The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive analysis of key biomechanical variables in race walking through the analysis of elite athletes in both competitive and laboratory settings. Video data from two 3CCD camcorders of athletes competing over 10 km (juniors only), 20 km, and 50 km were collected at three international competitions. For the 20 km and 50 km events, multiple recordings were made to identify if kinematic changes occurred. In addition, synchronised high-speed video, electromyography and ground reaction force data were collected of 20 elite race walkers in a laboratory setting and combined to calculate joint moments, power and work. The key discriminants with regard to better performances were long step lengths and high cadences, and the contribution made by flight distance to step length (approximately 13%) was particularly important, regardless of race distance or age category. Step length ratio was a better predictor of optimum step length than absolute values and a ratio of about 70% was found in the fastest athletes. Although reductions in step length and flight distance were a major cause of decreased speed over both 20 km and 50 km, many gait variables did not alter greatly, showing that these elite athletes were able to maintain their techniques despite fatigue. The foot position ahead of the body at initial contact (approximately 20% of stature) need not be detrimental to fast walking if the athlete has the strength to overcome the potentially negative effects; instead, it can be beneficial to increase this distance in achieving a greater step length and could be a key area for women in particular to develop. The hip muscles were the main source of energy generation, with both flexors and extensors doing more positive work than any other muscle group (22.4 ± 7.1 J and 42.3 ± 10.1 J respectively), although the ankle plantarflexors also generated considerable energy before toe-off (16.4 ± 3.8 J). A hip extensor moment that occurred during late swing and early stance helped maintain forward momentum as it reduced the braking peak force and duration of the negative anteroposterior force. The knee had little involvement in energy generation because of its predominant role as a rigid lever during stance, and absorbed considerable energy during swing (–46.4 ± 9.5 J). However, its abnormal movement that was dictated by the race walking rule also had an important role in maintaining contact with the ground and reducing vertical forces so that visible loss of contact was avoided. The study was the first to analyse in such depth the biomechanics of elite male and female race walkers across all competitive distances and its results could be used to develop a technical manual for this Olympic event and greatly impact on coaching practice.
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Huang, Tong-yi. "Elite transformation and democratization in Taiwan /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Moring, Tom. "Political elite action : strategies and outcomes /." Helsinki : Finnish society of sciences and letters, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb366668275.
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Morgan, Gareth. "Life domain conflicts in elite sport." Thesis, Bangor University, 2017. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/life-domain-conflicts-in-elite-sport(68deaabb-804c-44b3-8680-306e6ae3832c).html.
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Elite athletes have to contend with potential conflicts between the demands of their sport and other aspects of their lives. However, the impact of such conflicts has been under-investigated. This thesis adopts concepts from organisational research into life domain conflicts and applies them to elite sport. The thesis comprises a general introduction, four empirical chapters, and a general discussion. The main goals were to: extend life-sport conflicts research by developing sound measures for both directions of conflict (i.e., life to sport and sport to life); examine a self-determination theory-based model where life-sport conflicts are conceptualised as social contexts that influence motivation towards sport, and how perfectionism moderates this relationship; and explore prospectively whether life domain conflicts and perfectionism predict the extent to which international athletes’ remain within the elite level of sport across a two year period. Advanced statistical procedures (e.g., Bayesian structural equation modelling) are deployed to rigorously achieve these goals. Findings from the studies provide evidence that: life-sport conflicts and sport-life conflicts can be problematic for elite athletes; life domain conflicts are bi-directional and distinct, so only by examining conflicts in both directions can they be adequately represented; life-sport conflicts can be conceptualised as antecedents to self-determined motivation; adaptive perfectionism can attenuate, whereas maladaptive perfectionism can amplify the negative motivational impact of life-sport conflicts; and that sport-free time conflict, a combination of family-sport conflict and adaptive perfectionism, and maladaptive perfectionism prospectively predict international standing at two years. The focus of the thesis is innovative, being the first research to demonstrate that conflicts between life domains exist in elite sports. It contributes to motivation research by showing that life-sport conflicts are negatively associated with self-determined motivation. Findings also highlight that perfectionism plays an important role in the relationship between life-sport conflicts and athlete motivation and maintaining elite performance levels.