Academic literature on the topic 'Elixir vitae'

The chapter gives an approach to the neuropsychiatric assessment including the history, the mental state examination, and the neurological examination. History is vital to neuropsychiatric assessment and the chapter guides on how to elicit the physical and psychological symptoms and, most importantly, give a clear chronology of how these developed. Different time courses are then related to different pathological processes. The skill of observing behaviour (e.g. responses to environment) is emphasized for the mental state examination and the cognitive examination is covered in detail, with key

Because of its beneficial effects on pain and physical dysfunction commonly reported by afflicted individuals, all clinical guidelines of osteoarthritis (OA) advocate exercise therapy as a vital component of conservative management strategies. Although the optimal exercise modalities in terms of dosage, exercise type, or delivery mode are not yet known, clinical benefits can be achieved with a wide range of exercise types. While treatment effect sizes may be considered small to moderate, they are similar to those of common analgesic drugs or oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatories but seem to e

AbstractEU–Turkey relations have been subject to manifold ups and downs for decades. The EU’s role in Turkey’s domestic transformation has long been a matter of interest to the academic community. This chapter examines to what extent and under what conditions the EU has served as an anchor for the Turkish economy during the last two decades, focusing on the effects of the EU anchor on Turkey’s macroeconomic and trade policy. It finds that maintaining a European anchor after the Helsinki European Council helped Turkey realize much-desired comprehensive macroeconomic reforms, especially during times when the EU anchor was combined with another multilateral anchor. Nevertheless, the EU’s anchor-providing role has not been consistent and amidst changing political circumstances it is no longer considered an ‘elixir’ for the Turkish economy. The establishment of the Customs Union (CU) is revealed to have been a significant driver of the transformation of Turkey’s trade policy. While the trade partnership remains one of the few well-functioning aspects of the volatile bilateral dialogue between the EU and Turkey, the EU’s role in the trade policy arena is diminishing, and the upgrading of the CU remains vital to achieve further momentum and enhance mutual gains.

Head and neck surgery treats lesions from the skull base to the thoracic inlet. While most of these are malignant and require multimodal oncologic management, many are benign, but their treatment can be quite morbid due to their location. This anatomic area encompasses the special sense organs of sight, smell, taste, and hearing as well as the essential social function of speech and the vital processes of breathing and swallowing. The appearance of the face is often affected, and this can affect personal identity. In many clinical situations, survival outcomes are equal between radically different treatment paradigms, and medical decisions are predicated on anticipated survival and quality of life. Thus, it is critical to elicit accurate values and goals of care from patients and families facing these decisions. Narrative competence in describing and quantifying likely outcomes is an important skill for clinicians to cultivate, as is awareness of unconscious biases and the use of directive counsel. Even successful head and neck surgery has symptomatic sequelae that can be minimized with prehabilitation and managed with ongoing supportive care.

Within this section, the author examines the liberal case for the commons through the perspective of leading theorists on the area. Elinor Ostrom, Lawrence Lessig and Yochai Benkler. All three place the development of the commons in parallel with state and market operation. They advocate for the coexistence of the commons with capitalism and the state. Ostrom’s work is discussed as focusing on the problem of collective action by elaborating the model of polycentrism. Lawrence Lessig and Yochai Benkler expand Ostrom’s work from the local to the global commons of the Internet and free/open source software. They introduce the term ‘digital commons’ to describe a non-market sector of information characterised by an ethic of sharing, self-management and cooperation between peers who have free access to online platforms. Benkler often diverges from classic liberalism by pointing to the autonomous development of the commons beyond capitalism and the state. Yet this underlying goal generally conforms to the liberal tradition. Discussion of the arguments of Cornelius Castoriadis and others stresses the impotence of the liberal commons in addressing the contradictions of capitalism and the state pointing to the ‘lack of the political’. The author argues in line with these perspectives that economic democracy is vital to underpin a digital commons.

Focused history taking is a vital part of the MRCPCH clinical exam; candidates are expected to grasp the key issues and formulate an effective management plan. This station requires candidates to be efficient, purposeful, and well-directed in their approach. The candidate is expected to obtain and present the key facts in the history and suggest an appropriate management plan. The examiner sits in the room as an observer while the candidate takes the history. This gives the examiner ample opportunity to assess the candidate’s communication skills, general approach, and knowledge of the condition. Only 13 minutes are allowed with the patient in the presence of the examiner. In the subsequent 9 minutes, the candidate will present and discuss the history. Problem-oriented history and management is the most effective way of approaching this station. The objectives of obtaining a focused paediatric history are: • to establish and maintain rapport with the child and parents • to obtain an overview of the child’s previous and current health issues • to establish the psychological, family, and social context of a child’s illness • to reach a correct diagnosis (or form a differential diagnosis) • to plan an appropriate management strategy. Although the principles of history taking in children are similar to those used for adults, there are important differences in the scheme and the details. The paediatric case history is potentially more difficult to elicit and is influenced by the age of the child. For each age group, you will have to adapt your style. The primary historian may be the child or another person, usually the parent. The consultation itself is triadic, involving the child, their family (or caregiver), and the doctor. Always keep in mind the principles of communication (discussed in chapter 2) and use an empathic approach while taking the history. Although in most cases the parents give the history, the child must also be encouraged to speak. In young children who have limited speech, you must take the history through the parents or the carers. In teenagers, there is a difficult line to tread between giving the child complete autonomy and allowing the parent to be the main historian.

With the damaging influence of systems implementation failure, it is vital to distinguish the issues surrounding large-scale software selection, construction and operations. Using the work by Markus (1983) as a touchstone, this paper spotlights the question of resistance towards a new system and the impact policy has on minimising confrontation. A case study delving into the lines of conflict associated with the selection and implementation of an enterprise-wide student learning management system is presented and discussed in detail. A brief assessment of the findings from this analysis and Ma