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Journal articles on the topic 'Ellenberg indicator value'

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Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 8 July 2025

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1

Ostrowski, Grzegorz, Severin Aicher, Agnieszka Mankiewicz, et al. "Mean ecological indicator values: use EIVE but no cover-weighting." Vegetation Classification and Survey 6 (March 26, 2025): 57–67. https://doi.org/10.3897/VCS.134800.

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Aims: To test the predictive power of mean ecological indicator values (EIVs) based on different EIV systems and weighting approaches. Study area: Preda in Grisons, Switzerland. Methods: We used three regional datasets of vegetation plots accompanied with measured soil pH values or mean annual near soil air temperature. We calculated mean EIVs for each plot with four EIV systems that cover the region, namely "Ellenberg", "Landolt", "Tichý" and the Ecological Indicator Values for Europe (EIVE), combined with four weighting approaches (unweighted, cover-weighted, square-root cover-weighted, inverse niche width weighted). We correlated the mean EIVs of each combination with the measured environmental variables and compared the mean Pearson <i>r</i> values. Results: No cover-weighting (0.78) was slightly better than square-root cover-weighting (0.75) and clearly better than full cover-weighting (0.68). In the two EIV systems providing a niche width measure (EIVE and "Landolt"), inverse niche weighting gave similar results than no weighting. Mean EIVE values (0.76) had significantly stronger correlations than "Tichý" (0.73), while the differences to "Ellenberg" (0.75) and "Landolt" (0.71) were not significant. Conclusions: The results suggest that even within the definition areas of two long-established EIV systems ("Ellenberg", "Landolt"), EIVE gives at least as good predictions as these and significantly better than "Tichý". Likewise, any type of cover-weighting reduces the predictive power of mean EIVs. Both findings could be the consequence of the statistical principle "wisdom of the crowd", according to which the average estimate of several sources (be it regional scientists or plant species) is usually better than the estimate of one or few experts. Accordingly, EIVE currently is the best choice for mean EIVs in Europe, and no cover-weighting should be applied. We recommend that similar studies should be undertaken in other regions and for other niche dimensions. Syntaxonomic reference: Mucina et al. (2016). Abbreviations: EIV = ecological indicator value; EIVE = Ecological Indicator Values for Europe 1.0; R = ecological indicator value for soil reaction; T = ecological indicator value for temperature.

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2

Ostrowski, Grzegorz, Severin Aicher, Agnieszka Mankiewicz, et al. "Mean ecological indicator values: use EIVE but no cover-weighting." Vegetation Classification and Survey 6 (March 26, 2025): 57–67. https://doi.org/10.3897/vcs.134800.

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Aims: To test the predictive power of mean ecological indicator values (EIVs) based on different EIV systems and weighting approaches. Study area: Preda in Grisons, Switzerland. Methods: We used three regional datasets of vegetation plots accompanied with measured soil pH values or mean annual near soil air temperature. We calculated mean EIVs for each plot with four EIV systems that cover the region, namely “Ellenberg”, “Landolt”, “Tichý” and the Ecological Indicator Values for Europe (EIVE), combined with four weighting approaches (unweighted, cover-weighted, square-root cover-weighted, inverse niche width weighted). We correlated the mean EIVs of each combination with the measured environmental variables and compared the mean Pearson r values. Results: No cover-weighting (0.78) was slightly better than square-root cover-weighting (0.75) and clearly better than full cover-weighting (0.68). In the two EIV systems providing a niche width measure (EIVE and “Landolt”), inverse niche weighting gave similar results than no weighting. Mean EIVE values (0.76) had significantly stronger correlations than “Tichý” (0.73), while the differences to “Ellenberg” (0.75) and “Landolt” (0.71) were not significant. Conclusions: The results suggest that even within the definition areas of two long-established EIV systems (“Ellenberg”, “Landolt”), EIVE gives at least as good predictions as these and significantly better than “Tichý”. Likewise, any type of cover-weighting reduces the predictive power of mean EIVs. Both findings could be the consequence of the statistical principle “wisdom of the crowd”, according to which the average estimate of several sources (be it regional scientists or plant species) is usually better than the estimate of one or few experts. Accordingly, EIVE currently is the best choice for mean EIVs in Europe, and no cover-weighting should be applied. We recommend that similar studies should be undertaken in other regions and for other niche dimensions. Syntaxonomic reference: Mucina et al. (2016). Abbreviations: EIV = ecological indicator value; EIVE = Ecological Indicator Values for Europe 1.0; R = ecological indicator value for soil reaction; T = ecological indicator value for temperature.

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3

Wamelink, Wieger G. W., and Han F. van Dobben. "Uncertainty of critical loads based on the Ellenberg indicator value for acidity." Basic and Applied Ecology 4, no. 6 (2003): 515–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1078/1439-1791-00211.

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4

Renata, Duffková, and Brom Jakub. "Plant composition, herbage yield, and nitrogen objectives in Arrhenatherion grasslands affected by cattle slurry application." Plant, Soil and Environment 64, No. 6 (2018): 268–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/178/2018-pse.

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Cattle slurry is commonly used to fertilize grasslands, so its impact on plant composition and herbage properties is important. Cattle slurry at annual rates of 60 (S1), 120 (S2), 180 (S3), and 240 kg nitrogen (N)/ha (S4) was applied to Arrhenatherion grasslands in moderately wet (WS), slopy (SS), and moderately dry (DS) sites cut three times a year over six years, to assess its effects on plant functional types, the Ellenberg N indicator value (Ellenberg N), herbage dry matter (DM) yield, herbage N content and offtake, N nutrition index (NNI), and N use efficiency (NUE). The site-specific changes in an increase in graminoid cover, Ellenberg N, herbage DM yield and N offtake, and NNI along with slurry application rates revealed, while cover of legumes, short forbs, and NUE decreased. In more productive sites (WS and SS), slurry application in the amount of 180 kg N/ha could be suggested as a slurry dose ensuring beneficial agronomic objectives. However, nature conservation requirements via maintaining plant biodiversity were not met. On the contrary, short-term slurry application up to 120 kg N/ha ensured on permeable DS not only sufficient agronomic objectives, but also plant biodiversity conservation requirements.

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5

Robbins, Jane A., and John A. Matthews. "Use of ecological indicator values to investigate successional change in boreal to high-alpine glacier-foreland chronosequences, southern Norway." Holocene 24, no. 11 (2014): 1453–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683614544067.

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Mean weighted Ellenberg indicator values were calculated for vegetation recorded from four successional stages on 39 glacier forelands in the Jostedalsbreen and Jotunheimen regions of southern Norway. The sites ranged in altitude from 80 to 1860 m a.s.l. Results revealed a trend of decreasing mean indicator values for light, reaction and nitrogen on successively older terrain. Mean indicator values for moisture did not show a consistent pattern of variation according to successional stage. When stratified according to altitude, sub-alpine and boreal sites showed the most rapid decrease in pH and productivity levels through time. Within this altitudinal zone, mean values after 70 years of succession were already indistinguishable from those for the mature vegetation. At higher altitudes, in the alpine zone, a more gradual decrease was detected but culminated in similar values. A significant trend in decreasing indicator values for light with succession was found at all except the high-alpine sites where the value for mature vegetation was not significantly different from that for earlier stages. Also evident was the greater decrease in mean value for light at the lowest altitudes, reflecting the establishment of a birch-woodland canopy. Use of snowmelt indicators improved interpretation of the differences between late-successional stages according to altitude. Variance partitioning revealed that differences between successional stages accounted for 29% of the variation in mean indicator values, whereas altitude accounted for an additional 12%. Indicator values have provided a useful comparison of rates of succession and associated vegetation development within different altitudinal zones, inferring possible mechanisms of change at a regional scale.

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6

OREDSSON, ALF. "The Ellenberg index of temporal change in vascular plants (Änderungstendenz) tested in southern Sweden." Environmental Conservation 27, no. 3 (2000): 225–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900000254.

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In Sweden, public awareness of change in the environment has increased in recent decades (Gillberg 1999). An important tool which contributed to an understanding of how the flora is affected by changes in the environment was created by Ellenberg (1974). Six ecological factors, namely light, temperature, continentality, moisture, reaction and nitrogen, were each divided into 9 (in the case of moisture 12) so-called indicator values. A species given a low value occurs mainly where the factor is less pronounced, and vice versa, species in light class 1 prefer full shadow, 5 half shadow, and 9 full light.

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7

Erzfeld, Lukas, Hannes Feilhauer, Mathias Scholz, and Timo Hartmann. "Patterns of plant species composition of a temperate floodplain meadow in response to fine-scale topography." ERDKUNDE 78, no. 4 (2025): 303–19. https://doi.org/10.3112/erdkunde.2024.04.04.

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Floodplains are vital and diverse habitats, providing essential ecosystem services. In Germany, the total surface of floodplain meadows has decreased by over 80% since the 1950s due to human activities such as river channelisation and embankment as well as land use intensification, leading to changes in nutrient and pollutant input. However, effects of these changes on floodplain vegetation remain understudied, primarily due to their recent occurrence. Here we investigate the effects of terrain elevation, flow distance to permanent water bodies (rivers and clay ponds), groundwater-surface distance and thickness of the alluvial clay layer on the plant species composition of the floodplain meadows ‘Papitzer Lachen’ in Northwest Saxony, Germany. We make use of the Ellenberg indicator system to approach statistical results from an ecological point of view. We recorded the vegetation species composition on 20 relevés of 10 m x 10 m (100 m2) each across different floodplain meadow types along an elevation gradient. We classified the plant communities phytosociologically. In addition, we performed an ordination of the plots (detrended correspondence analysis, DCA) and compared the resulting axes to environmental variables using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. As abiotic factors, we used the elevation of each plot measured via DGPS in the field, least cost path to the next water body derived from a digital elevation model, groundwater-surface distance as well as thickness of the alluvial clay layer. We calculated the mean weighted Ellenberg indicator moisture value for each plot and compared it to the DCA results. Three of the stands were classified as Scutellario-Veronicetum longifoliae Walther 1955, eleven as Arrhenatheretum elatioris Braun 1915 and six as a Silaum-silaus-community. The relevés could be roughly separated in two groups along the first DCA axis. The first DCA axis showed significant correlations (p < 0.05) with ground elevation (r = –0.54) and alluvial clay layer thickness (r = –0.68) but no significant correlations with groundwater-surface distance and proximity to water bodies. The weighted mean Ellenberg indicator moisture values significantly correlate with distance to groundwater table (r = –0.59) and confirm a moisture gradient. The main explanatory variable for variation in the vegetation appears to be hydrology. However, variability in water levels which is typical for floodplains has declined. Main reasons are a smaller amplitude of water levels due to river regulation and long periods of droughts. This underlines the strong anthropogenic influence on floodplains. As floodplains are, especially due to their dynamic hydrology, particularly species-rich ecosystems, this study helps to document and understand this diversity to support a conservation value.

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LaPaix, Richard, Bill Freedman, and David Patriquin. "Ground vegetation as an indicator of ecological integrity." Environmental Reviews 17, NA (2009): 249–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/a09-012.

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Indicators are being sought for monitoring the ecological integrity of forests and other kinds of ecosystems. Biological measures are commonly used as indicators because of their inherent ecological importance and ability to provide insight into environmental change. Such measures are commonly based on data from sets of permanent plots in which the abundances of plant species are monitored. However, the data may be difficult to interpret, especially if corresponding information on natural and anthropogenic stressors is lacking. In this review, we examine general principles of indicator use and discuss the types of plot-based compositional measures obtained from vegetation that may be most relevant for monitoring ecological integrity. Our focus is on the ground vegetation of forested ecosystems, but the principles discussed are relevant to other vegetation types. Individual plant species, guilds, aliens, diversity indices, Ellenberg indicator values, the floristic quality assessment index, multivariate and multimetric indicators are examined, as well as concepts of threshold changes and the need for reference states. The usefulness of any given approach tends to be highly context specific. In particular, the value of using individual species as indicators is highly dependant on factors such as the character of the floristic community of interest and the types and intensities of anthropogenic stressors. Alien species are considered to be especially valuable indicators of changes in ecological integrity due to their established relationships with anthropogenic stressors, known historical state, relevance to all floristic communities, and ability to cause undesirable changes to biodiversity and ecological processes.

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Karrer, Gerhard. "Ökologische Zeigerwerte der Gefässpflanzen Österreichs." STAPFIA 117, no. 1 (2024): 1–146. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/stapfia-2024-0001.

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Abstract Ecological indicator values for Austrian vascular plants. Ecological indicator values of plants serve as indirect indicators for the status of ecological parameters in absence of physico-chemical measurements at place. Ellenberg introduced seven parameters which are namely light (L), temperature (T), continentality (K), moisture (F), reaction (R), nutrients (N), and salt (S), to define optima of plant growth under natural conditions along gradients scaled to nine levels. The moisture gradient is even extended to twelve levels and additional codes give information about the tolerance of facultative flooding or seasonal drought. Species that lack distinct optima and are present over a zone of more than four levels of the respective gradients are called indifferent (i). Plants that show optima situated towards both ends of the scale for parameters M and R are classified as bimodal (b) for the first time in national records of indicator values. Broad amplitudes and indistinct optima of species presences along the scales are not indicated separately due to the lack of available data. For 4902 vascular plants we provide indicator values that are valid for the Republic of Austria (holds for L, T, F, R, N, S). The values for continentality (K) consider the whole distribution area of the species. Comparisons with indicator value systems from neighboring countries show some shifts in the number of species assigned to the indicator levels but the histograms do not differ very much. Apparently, such shifts depend on the length of the ecological gradients available in the respective region but also on the regional pool of species and subspecific ecotypes.

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Dengler, Jürgen, Florian Jansen, Olha Chusova, et al. "Ecological Indicator Values for Europe (EIVE) 1.0." Vegetation Classification and Survey 4 (January 13, 2023): 7–29. https://doi.org/10.3897/VCS.98324.

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Aims: To develop a consistent ecological indicator value system for Europe for five of the main plant niche dimensions: soil moisture (M), soil nitrogen (N), soil reaction (R), light (L) and temperature (T). Study area: Europe (and closely adjacent regions). Methods: We identified 31 indicator value systems for vascular plants in Europe that contained assessments on at least one of the five aforementioned niche dimensions. We rescaled the indicator values of each dimension to a continuous scale, in which 0 represents the minimum and 10 the maximum value present in Europe. Taxon names were harmonised to the Euro+Med Plantbase. For each of the five dimensions, we calculated European values for niche position and niche width by combining the values from the individual EIV systems. Using T values as an example, we externally validated our European indicator values against the median of bioclimatic conditions for global occurrence data of the taxa. Results: In total, we derived European indicator values of niche position and niche width for 14,835 taxa (14,714 for M, 13,748 for N, 14,254 for R, 14,054 for L, 14,496 for T). Relating the obtained values for temperature niche position to the bioclimatic data of species yielded a higher correlation than any of the original EIV systems (r = 0.859). The database: The newly developed Ecological Indicator Values for Europe (EIVE) 1.0, together with all source systems, is available in a flexible, harmonised open access database. Conclusions: EIVE is the most comprehensive ecological indicator value system for European vascular plants to date. The uniform interval scales for niche position and niche width provide new possibilities for ecological and macroecological analyses of vegetation patterns. The developed workflow and documentation will facilitate the future release of updated and expanded versions of EIVE, which may for example include the addition of further taxonomic groups, additional niche dimensions, external validation or regionalisation. Abbreviations: EIV = Ecological indicator value; EIVE = Ecological Indicator Values for Europe; EVA = European Vegetation Archive; GBIF = Global Biodiversity Information Facility; i = index for taxa; j = index for EIV systems; L = ecological indicator for light; M = ecological indicator for moisture; N = ecological indicator for nitrogen availability; R = ecological indicator for reaction; T = ecological indicator for temperature.

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Fojcik, Barbara, and Damian Chmura. "Vertical distribution of epiphytic bryophytes depends on phorophyte type; a case study from windthrows in Kampinoski National Park (Central Poland)." Folia Cryptogamica Estonica 57 (October 1, 2020): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/fce.2020.57.08.

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   The vertical distribution of epiphytic bryophytes in European forests are still relatively poorly understood. The aim of the study was to analyse the diversity and vertical zonation of epiphytic mosses and liverworts on selected tree types (Quercus petraea, Betula pendula and Pinus sylvestris) within windthrow areas in the Kampinoski National Park (Central Poland). The investigations were performed in five parts of the trees: the tree base, lower trunk, upper trunk, lower crown, and upper crown. Deciduous trees have more species than pine trees (13 on Quercus and Betula, 8 on Pinus). The type of phorophyte was crucial for the differences in the species composition from the tree base to the upper crown that was observed. The highest richness of bryophytes was recorded on the tree bases, while the lowest was recorded in the upper parts of the crowns. The variability of the habitat conditions in the vertical gradient on the trunk that affected the patterns of the occurrence of species with different ecological preferences was determined using the Ellenberg indicator values. An increase in the value of the light and acidity indicators from the base of the trunk upwards and decreasing tendency in the case of moisture indicator was noted.  

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Solomou, Alexandra D., Evangelia Korakaki, Evangelia V. Avramidou, Stefanos Boutsios, Spyridon Oikonomidis, and Evangelia Daskalakou. "Assessment of Herbaceous Plant Composition, Diversity, and Indicator Species in the Juniperus drupacea Forest Openings of the Mountain Parnonas in Greece." Sustainability 15, no. 18 (2023): 13765. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151813765.

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A significant challenge in community ecology is the establishment of ecological baselines, which permit the evaluation of the variations in ecological dynamics at different temporal and spatial scales. To our best knowledge, few studies have been conducted in the forest openings of Mt. Parnon to establish a baseline for future monitoring. Hence, a floristic study of the herbaceous plant species composition, diversity, cover, and biomass was conducted in the forest openings of the Mt. Parnon-Natura 2000 Site in Greece to develop an ecological baseline that could be utilized in decision making for conservation and the sustainable use of forest biodiversity and ecosystem services in the forest ecosystem of Mt. Parnon. In the spring season, a thorough floristic survey was performed on Mt. Parnon for two consecutive years, 2021 and 2022. Herbaceous plant composition, diversity, cover, biomass, and plant indicator species (indicator value analysis) in the forest openings of Mt. Parnon were assessed. In the studied area, 63 plant species belonging to 58 genera from 20 families were recorded. The most numerous families were Asteraceae and Poaceae, followed by Fabaceae. Variable plant diversity, herbaceous plant cover, and produced biomass were recorded in different sites. It is noteworthy that some plant species could be regarded as indicators of the sites in the study area [Geranium molle L., Cerastium candidissimum Correns, Vicia villosa Roth, Euphorbia myrsinites L., Odontarrhena muralis (Waldst. & Kit.) Endl., Medicago lupulina L., Lotus corniculatus L., Crepis fraasii Sch. Bip., Bellis sylvestris Cirillo, and Trifolium stellatum L.], and information about these indicators, including Ellenberg type indicator values, is also provided. This study contributes to the understanding of the relevant ecological topics and provides key elements that could be utilized in decision making for the conservation and sustainable use of forest biodiversity and ecosystem services on Mt. Parnon.

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Sicuriello, Flavia, Fabrizio Ferretti, Paolo Colangelo, and Bruno De Cinti. "Compositional and ecological diversity of Cansiglio forest (Friuli Venezia Giulia, Italy)." Vegetation Classification and Survey 5 (November 27, 2024): 225–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vcs.118821.

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Aim: The aim of this study is to describe the compositional and ecological diversity of the Natura 2000 Site ‘Cansiglio Forest’ (IT3310006). Study area: The study area is located in the South-Eastern Prealps between the Venetian-Friulian plain and the Cansiglio plateau, a typical karstic system. Methods: A total of 25 vegetation relevés, each of 250 m2, were sampled in the LIFE SPAN (LIFE19 NAT/IT/000104) project plots and were subjected to cluster analysis (Bray-Curtis, Ward) and NMDS ordination. Variables such as Ellenberg Indicator Values, environmental parameters, life forms, chorotypes, and phytosociological units were tested using ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis test to assess significant differences between clusters. The indicspecies package was applied to study the association between species patterns and combinations of clusters. Results: We distinguished three clusters. Cluster A, characterized by several species, including Chaerophyllum hirsutum and Phegopteris connectilis, shows higher EIVs for moisture, acidic soil reaction and lower temperature, a more open canopy and mainly Circumboreal and Euro Asian species of Vaccinio-Piceetea. Cluster B1, a mixed forest of Fagus sylvatica and Abies alba with Circaea alpina, has intermediate EIVs, a closed canopy, low herbaceous layer cover, and higher cover of SE-European species. Cluster B2, a pure Fagus sylvatica forest with Lathyrus venetus, has lower EIVs for humidity and higher for temperature, and mainly Central European species of Carpino-Fagetea. Conclusion: The anthropogenic spruce forest is developing in the Cansiglio plateau and is favored by thermal inversion. It could be identified with Senecioni cacaliaster-Piceetum, but further study is needed to confirm. The mixed forest of Fagus sylvatica and Abies alba and the pure beech forest represent two facies of the Cardamino pentaphylli-Fagetum fagetosum, with the first one dominating on the coldest slopes and the second one on the highest and warmer belt. This community can be included in the Aremonio-Fagion alliance. Taxonomic reference: Euro+Med PlantBase (2023). Syntaxonomic references: Mucina et al. (2016) for classes, orders and alliances; Willner et al. (2017) for suballiances. Abbreviations: ANOVA = analysis of variance; EIV = Ellenberg indicator value; FVG = Autonomous Region of Friuli Venezia-Giulia; HSD = honestly significant difference; NMDS = non-metric multidimensional scaling.

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Sicuriello, Flavia, Fabrizio Ferretti, Paolo Colangelo, and Cinti Bruno De. "Compositional and ecological diversity of Cansiglio forest (Friuli Venezia Giulia, Italy)." Vegetation Classification and Survey 5 (November 27, 2024): 225–36. https://doi.org/10.3897/VCS.118821.

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Aim: The aim of this study is to describe the compositional and ecological diversity of the Natura 2000 Site 'Cansiglio Forest' (IT3310006). Study area: The study area is located in the South-Eastern Prealps between the Venetian-Friulian plain and the Cansiglio plateau, a typical karstic system. Methods: A total of 25 vegetation relevés, each of 250 m2, were sampled in the LIFE SPAN (LIFE19 NAT/IT/000104) project plots and were subjected to cluster analysis (Bray-Curtis, Ward) and NMDS ordination. Variables such as Ellenberg Indicator Values, environmental parameters, life forms, chorotypes, and phytosociological units were tested using ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis test to assess significant differences between clusters. The <i>indicspecies</i> package was applied to study the association between species patterns and combinations of clusters. Results: We distinguished three clusters. Cluster A, characterized by several species, including <i>Chaerophyllum hirsutum</i> and <i>Phegopteris connectilis</i>, shows higher EIVs for moisture, acidic soil reaction and lower temperature, a more open canopy and mainly Circumboreal and Euro Asian species of <i>Vaccinio-Piceetea</i>. Cluster B1, a mixed forest of <i>Fagus sylvatica</i> and <i>Abies alba</i> with <i>Circaea alpina</i>, has intermediate EIVs, a closed canopy, low herbaceous layer cover, and higher cover of SE-European species. Cluster B2, a pure <i>Fagus sylvatica</i> forest with <i>Lathyrus venetus</i>, has lower EIVs for humidity and higher for temperature, and mainly Central European species of <i>Carpino-Fagetea</i>. Conclusion: The anthropogenic spruce forest is developing in the Cansiglio plateau and is favored by thermal inversion. It could be identified with <i>Senecioni cacaliaster-Piceetum</i>, but further study is needed to confirm. The mixed forest of <i>Fagus sylvatica</i> and <i>Abies alba</i> and the pure beech forest represent two facies of the <i>Cardamino pentaphylli-Fagetum fagetosum</i>, with the first one dominating on the coldest slopes and the second one on the highest and warmer belt. This community can be included in the <i>Aremonio-Fagion</i> alliance. Taxonomic reference: Euro+Med PlantBase (2023). Syntaxonomic references: Mucina et al. (2016) for classes, orders and alliances; Willner et al. (2017) for suballiances. Abbreviations: ANOVA = analysis of variance; EIV = Ellenberg indicator value; FVG = Autonomous Region of Friuli Venezia-Giulia; HSD = honestly significant difference; NMDS = non-metric multidimensional scaling.

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Kompała-Bąba, Agnieszka, and Agnieszka Błońska. "Plant communities with Helianthus tuberosus L. in the towns of the Upper Silesian Industrial Region (southern Poland)." Biodiversity: Research and Conservation, no. 11-12 (December 30, 2008): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/biorc.2008.11-12.8.

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The aims of the research were: to show the floristic composition of patches with participation of Helianthus tuberosus, to find the major environmental gradients in species composition of these patches and to compare plant communities with this species from Poland with those recorded in neighbouring European countries. Fifty four phytosociological relevés, made in a variety of ruderal habitats in the towns of the Upper Silesian Industrial Region (Poland), were analysed using the Correspondence Analysis (CA). To identify the main environmental gradients in the floristic composition of relevés the CA site scores were correlated, using the Kendall correlation coefficient, with the following explanatory variables: Shannon H’ index of species diversity, the number of species from the Convolvuletalia sepium order, the Calystegion sepium alliance, the Onopordetalia acanthii order, the Molinio-Arrhenatheretea class, the Stellarietea mediae class; mean Ellenberg indicator values for light, moisture, temperature, soil reaction and nitrogen. Two major gradients in species data were detected: (i) from plant communities of abandoned meadows of the Molinio-Arrhenatheretea class to nitrophilous communities of the Convolvuletalia sepium order and (ii) a gradient related to the number of species of the Stellarietea mediae class and to the indicator value for light. Helianthus tuberosus stands recorded in European countries can be divided into two separate groups. The first group is differentiated by species of the Onopordetalia acanthii order and higher participation of meadow species from the Molinio-Arrhenatheretea and Stellarietea mediae classes. The second group is characterized by a high frequency of nitrophilous species from the Convolvuletalia sepium order.

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Martin, Gabrielle, Vincent Devictor, Eric Motard, Nathalie Machon, and Emmanuelle Porcher. "Short-term climate-induced change in French plant communities." Biology Letters 15, no. 7 (2019): 20190280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2019.0280.

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Latitudinal and altitudinal range shifts in response to climate change have been reported for numerous animal species, especially those with high dispersal capacities. In plants, the impact of climate change on species distribution or community composition has been documented mainly over long periods (decades) and in specific habitats, often forests. Here, we broaden the results of such long-term, focused studies by examining climate-driven changes in plant community composition over a large area (France) encompassing multiple habitat types and over a short period (2009–2017). To this end, we measured mean community thermal preference, calculated as the community-weighted mean of the Ellenberg temperature indicator value, using data from a standardized participatory monitoring scheme. We report a rapid increase in the mean thermal preference of plant communities at national and regional scales, which we relate to climate change. This reshuffling of plant community composition corresponds to a relative increase in the abundance of warm- versus cold-adapted species. However, support for this trend was weaker when considering only the common species, including common annuals. Our results thus suggest for the first time that the response of plant communities to climate change involves subtle changes affecting all species rare and common, which can nonetheless be detected over short time periods. Whether such changes are sufficient to cope with the current climate warming remains to be ascertained.

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van der Maarei, Eddy. "Relations between sociological-ecological species groups and Ellenberg indicator values." Phytocoenologia 23, no. 1-4 (1993): 343–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/phyto/23/1993/343.

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Świerkosz, Krzysztof, and Kamila Reczyńska. "Diversity of Mulgedio-Aconitetea communities in the Sudetes Mts. (SW Poland) in the Central European context." Vegetation Classification and Survey 3 (March 9, 2022): 67–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vcs.70200.

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Aims: To describe the compositional and ecological diversity of Mulgedio-Aconitetea communities in the Sudetes Mts. and their foothills. Study area: The Sudetes Mts. (Southwestern Poland). Methods: A total of 399 vegetation relevés from own field studies and the literature were sorted into groups that match the higher syntaxa of the EuroVegChecklist and associations described in the literature. Diagnostic species of the so delimited associations were determined with the phi-coefficient of association, and maps of the associations produced. Direct ordination methods were applied to identify the main environmental gradients shaping the plant communities. Results: We distinguished nine associations, belonging to four alliances: submontane and colline communities (Petasition officinalis: Geranio phaei-Urticetum dioicae, Petasitetum hybridi, Chaerophyllo hirsuti-Petasitetum albi, Prenanthetum purpureae), upper montane nitrophilous communities (Rumicion alpini: Rumicetum alpini); subalpine communities with a dominance of graminoids and ferns (Calamagrostion villosae: Poo chaixii-Deschampsietum cespitosae, Crepido conyzifoliae-Calamagrostietum villosae, Athyrietum filicis-feminae) and subalpine tall-herb communities (Adenostylion alliariae: Cicerbitetum alpinae). Altitude, light availability, and bedrock type, which determines nutrient availability and soil reaction, played an important role in differentiating the studied communities. Conclusions: For convenience, we placed the four alliances in four separate orders as in the EuroVegChecklist. The fact that our ordination diagram separated only two main groups suggests the need of further research in this matter. Taxonomic reference: Euro+Med (2006-) for vascular plants. Syntaxonomic reference: Higher syntaxa follow Mucina et al. (2016). Abbreviations: db-RDA = distance-based redundancy analysis; EIV = Ellenberg indicator value; pANOVA = permutational analysis of variance; PCoA = principal coordinates analysis.

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Jabłońska, Ewa, Dierk Michaelis, Marlena Tokarska, et al. "Alleviation of Plant Stress Precedes Termination of Rich Fen Stages in Peat Profiles of Lowland Mires." Ecosystems 23, no. 4 (2019): 730–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-019-00437-y.

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Abstract Mesotrophic rich fens, that is, groundwater-fed mires, may be long-lasting, as well as transient ecosystems, displaced in time by poor fens, bogs, forests or eutrophic reeds. We hypothesized that fen stability is controlled by plant stress caused by waterlogging with calcium-rich and nutrient-poor groundwater, which limits expansion of hummock mosses, tussock sedges and trees. We analysed 32 European Holocene macrofossil profiles of rich fens using plant functional traits (PFTs) which indicate the level of plant stress in the environment: canopy height, clonal spread, diaspore mass, specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content, Ellenberg moisture value, hummock-forming ability, mycorrhizal status and plant functional groups. Six PFTs, which formed long-term significant trends during mire development, were compiled as rich fen stress indicator (RFSI). We found that RFSI values at the start of fen development were correlated with the thickness of subsequently accumulated rich fen peat. RFSI declined in fens approaching change into another mire type, regardless whether it was shifting into bog, forest or eutrophic reeds. RFSI remained comparatively high and stable in three rich fens, which have not terminated naturally until present times. By applying PFT analysis to macrofossil data, we demonstrated that fens may undergo a gradual autogenic process, which lowers the ecosystem’s resistance and enhances shifts to other mire types. Long-lasting rich fens, documented by deep peat deposits, are rare. Because autogenic processes tend to alleviate stress in fens, high levels of stress are needed at initial stages of rich fen development to enable its long persistence and continuous peat accumulation.

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Świerkosz, Krzysztof, and Kamila Reczyńska. "Diversity of Mulgedio-Aconitetea communities in the Sudetes Mts. (SW Poland) in the Central European context." Vegetation Classification and Survey 3 (March 9, 2022): 67–86. https://doi.org/10.3897/VCS.70200.

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Aims: To describe the compositional and ecological diversity of Mulgedio-Aconitetea communities in the Sudetes Mts. and their foothills. Study area: The Sudetes Mts. (Southwestern Poland). Methods: A total of 399 vegetation relevés from own field studies and the literature were sorted into groups that match the higher syntaxa of the EuroVegChecklist and associations described in the literature. Diagnostic species of the so delimited associations were determined with the phi-coefficient of association, and maps of the associations produced. Direct ordination methods were applied to identify the main environmental gradients shaping the plant communities. Results: We distinguished nine associations, belonging to four alliances: submontane and colline communities (Petasition officinalis: Geranio phaei-Urticetum dioicae, Petasitetum hybridi, Chaerophyllo hirsuti-Petasitetum albi, Prenanthetum purpureae), upper montane nitrophilous communities (Rumicion alpini: Rumicetum alpini); subalpine communities with a dominance of graminoids and ferns (Calamagrostion villosae: Poo chaixii-Deschampsietum cespitosae, Crepido conyzifoliae-Calamagrostietum villosae, Athyrietum filicis-feminae) and subalpine tall-herb communities (Adenostylion alliariae: Cicerbitetum alpinae). Altitude, light availability, and bedrock type, which determines nutrient availability and soil reaction, played an important role in differentiating the studied communities. Conclusions: For convenience, we placed the four alliances in four separate orders as in the EuroVegChecklist. The fact that our ordination diagram separated only two main groups suggests the need of further research in this matter. Taxonomic reference: Euro+Med (2006-) for vascular plants. Syntaxonomic reference: Higher syntaxa follow Mucina et al. (2016). Abbreviations: db-RDA = distance-based redundancy analysis; EIV = Ellenberg indicator value; pANOVA = permutational analysis of variance; PCoA = principal coordinates analysis.

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Chytrý, Milan, Lubomír Tichý, Pavel Dřevojan, Jiří Sádlo, and David Zelený. "Ellenberg-type indicator values for the Czech flora." Preslia 90, no. 2 (2018): 83–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.23855/preslia.2018.083.

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22

Molnár, Ábel Péter, Arnold Erdélyi, Judit Hartdégen, Marianna Biró, István Pánya, and Csaba Vadász. "Természetvédelmi célú történeti elemzés." Tájökológiai Lapok 20, no. 1 (2022): 73–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.56617/tl.3381.

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Numerous recent studies have focused on botanical values and their relations with habitat conditions in light of landscape-use history. In the northernmost part of Nógrád County (Hungary), however, there has been no such kind of research, contrary to the southern areas of this county. Our aim was to explore the one-time vineyards of Karancsberény and Karancslapujtő villages in the northernmost part of Nógrád County, as well as to get to know the history of their landscape use, register the occurrences of protected and rare plants, and explore the condition of the habitats under succession after abandonment. Field investigations were done during the vegetation period of 2019 and 2020., in altogether 8 vineyard territories. We made a list of the vascular plants and the number of specimens in the case of protected plant species. We compiled landscape-use history information from various sources, such as historical and recent maps, statistics, literature sources, interviews with old local inhabitants, etc. The succession processes since the abandonment resulted in habitat patches with high natural value. Based on the nature conservation indicator values of vascular plants after Simon (based on the Ellenberg system), the ratio of species that refer to natural conditions overrides the rate of degradation-tolerant species everywhere, except for one area. There are almost no invasive alien species in the studied sites, except for a couple of specimens. The occurrence of seven protected (Adonis vernalis, Centaurea sadleriana, Dianthus deltoides, Linum hirsutum, L. tenuifolium, Ornithogalum brevistylum, Scabiosa canescens) and two other rare species (Chamaecytisus virescens, Thymelaea passerina) has to be emphasized. The current land management (grazing, and mowing in one site) helps the preservation of their values, but scrub encroachment dominates several parcels in lack of management, leading to the disappearance of some rare species.

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Lawesson, Jonas Erik, Anna Maria Fosaa, and Erla Olsen. "Calibration of Ellenberg indicator values for the Faroe Islands." Applied Vegetation Science 6, no. 1 (2003): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-109x.2003.tb00564.x.

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24

Jones, M. Laurence M., Felicity Hayes, Gina Mills, Tim H. Sparks, and Jürg Fuhrer. "Predicting community sensitivity to ozone, using Ellenberg Indicator values." Environmental Pollution 146, no. 3 (2007): 744–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2006.03.035.

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25

Ivanova, Natalya, and Ekaterina Zolotova. "Vegetation Dynamics Studies Based on Ellenberg and Landolt Indicator Values: A Review." Land 13, no. 10 (2024): 1643. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land13101643.

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Understanding the dynamics and system of interrelationships between habitats and plant communities is key to making reliable predictions about sustainable land use, biodiversity conservation and the risks of environmental crises. At the same time, assessing the complex of environmental factors that determine the composition, structure and dynamics of plant communities is usually a long, time-consuming and expensive process. In this respect, the assessment of habitats on the basis of the indicator properties of the plants is of great interest. The aim of our study was to carry out a comprehensive review of vegetation dynamics studies based on the Ellenberg and Landolt indicator values in the last five years (2019–2023). We identified their strengths and priority areas for further research, which will contribute to improving the ecological indicator values for studying vegetation dynamics. The analysis of publications was carried out based on the recommendations of PRISMA 2020 and the VOSviewer software(version 1.6.18). The wide geographical range and high reliability of Landolt and Ellenberg indicator values for the study of different plant communities and variations in their dynamics are demonstrated. At the same time, the application of these environmental indicator values has its peculiarities. For example, the Ellenberg indicator values show a wider research geography and are more often used to study the dynamics of forest ecosystems than the Landolt indicator values, which are more often used to study disturbed landscapes and the dynamics of individual species. However, these methods have been used with almost the same frequency for grasslands, wetlands and coastal vegetation. The citation analysis confirmed the high interest in the environmental indicator values and their widespread use in research, but also revealed the weak development of a network of relationships. This suggests that modern researchers are not well aware of, and rarely use, the results of research carried out in recent years, especially if they are based on indicator values other than those used by them. At the same time, a number of unresolved issues are clearly identified, which require additional research and a consolidation of research teams if they are to be addressed more successfully. We hope that the results of this meta-analysis will provide the impetus for further development of the concept of environmental indicators and help researchers to overcome the current questions around applying indicator values in the study of vegetation dynamics, as well as help researchers to understand the strengths of this methodology.

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SCHMIDTLEIN, SEBASTIAN. "Imaging spectroscopy as a tool for mapping Ellenberg indicator values." Journal of Applied Ecology 42, no. 5 (2005): 966–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2005.01064.x.

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27

Zolotova, Ekaterina, Natalya Ivanova, and Svetlana Ivanova. "Global Overview of Modern Research Based on Ellenberg Indicator Values." Diversity 15, no. 1 (2022): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d15010014.

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The ecological indicator values are the most common and sufficiently effective method of habitat assessment. The aim of our research review is to analyze current studies from 2020 to 2022 in which researchers have used Ellenberg indicator values to address a variety of problems. We limited the study to papers that are published in journals indexed by Scopus and Web of Science. The total number of records examined was 358. The number of records selected was 98. Visualization of the distribution of studies by country is based on the GeoCharts library. The results revealed that about half of the studies were conducted in Germany and Poland, and the most common objects were forests and grasslands. Almost half of the studies were devoted to ecological niches, habitat analysis, assessment of vegetation dynamics, and influence of various factors on plants. The analyzed articles are actively cited. In general, our research analysis revealed the effectiveness of Ellenberg indicator values for solving a wide range of urgent problems for a variety of plant communities, and different climate zones. The results of our research confirmed the advisability of actively using this approach.

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Wamelink, G. W. W., H. F. van Dobben, and L. J. M. van der Eerden. "Experimental calibration of Ellenberg's indicator value for nitrogen." Environmental Pollution 102, no. 1 (1998): 371–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0269-7491(98)80056-0.

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29

Wamelink, G. W. W., V. Joosten, H. F. Dobben, and F. Berendse. "Validity of Ellenberg indicator values judged from physico‐chemical field measurements." Journal of Vegetation Science 13, no. 2 (2002): 269–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2002.tb02047.x.

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30

Witte, J. P. M., and J. R. Asmuth. "Do we really need phytosociological classes to calibrate Ellenberg indicator values?" Journal of Vegetation Science 14, no. 4 (2003): 615–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2003.tb02189.x.

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Wamelink, G. W. W., H. F. Dobben, and F. Berendse. "Apparently we do need phytosociological classes to calibrate Ellenberg indicator values!" Journal of Vegetation Science 14, no. 4 (2003): 619–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2003.tb02190.x.

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32

Simmel, Josef, Claus Bässler, and Peter Poschlod. "Ellenberg indicator values for macromycetes – a methodological approach and first applications." Fungal Ecology 27 (June 2017): 202–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.funeco.2016.09.004.

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33

Ewald, Jörg. "The sensitivity of Ellenberg indicator values to the completeness of vegetation relevés." Basic and Applied Ecology 4, no. 6 (2003): 507–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1078/1439-1791-00155.

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34

Alvarez, Miguel, Bodo Maria Mõseler, and Cristina San Martín. "Tendency and distribution indices for ordinal variables applied to Ellenberg indicator values." Gayana. Botánica 70, no. 2 (2013): 248–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0717-66432013000200006.

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35

Kolmanič, Simon, Nikola Guid, and Jurij Diaci. "ForestMAS – A single tree based secondary succession model employing Ellenberg indicator values." Ecological Modelling 279 (May 2014): 100–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.02.016.

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36

Čarni, Andraž, Špela Čonč, and Mateja Breg Valjavec. "Landform-vegetation units in karstic depressions (dolines) evaluated by indicator plant species and Ellenberg indicator values." Ecological Indicators 135 (February 2022): 108572. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.108572.

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37

Hill, M. O., and P. D. Carey. "Prediction of yield in the Rothamsted Park Grass Experiment by Ellenberg indicator values." Journal of Vegetation Science 8, no. 4 (1997): 579–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3237210.

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38

Marcenò, Corrado, and Riccardo Guarino. "A test on Ellenberg indicator values in the Mediterranean evergreen woods (Quercetea ilicis)." Rendiconti Lincei 26, no. 3 (2015): 345–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12210-015-0448-8.

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39

Carroll, Tadhg, Phillipa K. Gillingham, Richard Stafford, James M. Bullock, and Anita Diaz. "Improving estimates of environmental change using multilevel regression models of Ellenberg indicator values." Ecology and Evolution 8, no. 19 (2018): 9739–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4422.

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40

Smart, Simon M., and W. Andrew Scott. "Bias in Ellenberg indicator values – problems with detection of the effect of vegetation type." Journal of Vegetation Science 15, no. 6 (2004): 843. http://dx.doi.org/10.1658/1100-9233(2004)015[0843:bieivp]2.0.co;2.

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Hoffmann, Matthias H., Sebastian Gebauer, and Raoul Lühmann. "Root anatomy predicts ecological optima in Carex (Cyperaceae) in terms of Ellenberg indicator values." Ecological Indicators 129 (October 2021): 107979. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107979.

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42

Smart, Simon M., and W. Andrew Scott. "Bias in Ellenberg indicator values — problems with detection of the effect of vegetation type." Journal of Vegetation Science 15, no. 6 (2004): 843–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2004.tb02327.x.

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Hill, Mark O., David B. Roy, J. Owen Mountford, and Robert G. H. Bunce. "Extending Ellenberg's indicator values to a new area: an algorithmic approach." Journal of Applied Ecology 37, no. 1 (2000): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2664.2000.00466.x.

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Wamelink, G. W. W., P. W. Goedhart, and H. F. van Dobben. "Measurement errors and regression to the mean cannot explain bias in average Ellenberg indicator values." Journal of Vegetation Science 15, no. 6 (2004): 847. http://dx.doi.org/10.1658/1100-9233(2004)015[0847:meartt]2.0.co;2.

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Wamelink, G. W. W., P. W. Goedhart, and H. F. Dobben. "Measurement errors and regression to the mean cannot explain bias in average Ellenberg indicator values." Journal of Vegetation Science 15, no. 6 (2004): 847–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2004.tb02328.x.

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Zelený, David, and André P. Schaffers. "Too good to be true: pitfalls of using mean Ellenberg indicator values in vegetation analyses." Journal of Vegetation Science 23, no. 3 (2011): 419–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2011.01366.x.

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Dzwonko, Zbigniew. "Assessment of light and soil conditions in ancient and recent woodlands by Ellenberg indicator values." Journal of Applied Ecology 38, no. 5 (2001): 942–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2664.2001.00649.x.

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48

Di Biase, Letizia, Noelline Tsafack, Loretta Pace, and Simone Fattorini. "Ellenberg Indicator Values Disclose Complex Environmental Filtering Processes in Plant Communities along an Elevational Gradient." Biology 12, no. 2 (2023): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology12020161.

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Ellenberg indicator values (EIVs) express plant preferences for temperature, light, continentality, soil moisture, pH, and soil nutrients, and have been largely used to deduce environmental characteristics from plant communities. However, EIVs might also be used to investigate the importance of filtering mechanisms in shaping plant communities according to species ecological preferences, a so far overlooked use of EIVs. In this paper, we investigated how community-weighted means (CWM), calculated with EIVs, varied along an elevational gradient in a small mountain in Central Italy. We also tested if species abundances varied according to their ecological preferences. We found that the prevalence of thermophilous species declines with elevation, being progressively replaced by cold-adapted species. Heliophilous species prevail at low and high elevations (characterized by the presence of open habitats), whereas in the middle of the gradient (occupied by the beech forest), sciophilous species predominate. Variations for moisture and soil nutrient preferences followed a similar pattern, probably because of the high moisture and nutrient levels of forest soils with a lot of humus. No distinct pattern was detected for EIVs for pH and continentality since these factors are subject to more local variations. These results highlight the possible role of EIVs to investigate how environmental gradients shape plant communities.

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Häring, Tim, Birgit Reger, Jörg Ewald, Torsten Hothorn, and Boris Schröder. "Predicting Ellenberg's soil moisture indicator value in the Bavarian Alps using additive georegression." Applied Vegetation Science 16, no. 1 (2012): 110–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-109x.2012.01210.x.

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50

Schaffers, André P., and Karlè V. Sýkora. "Reliability of Ellenberg indicator values for moisture, nitrogen and soil reaction: a comparison with field measurements." Journal of Vegetation Science 11, no. 2 (2000): 225–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3236802.

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