Academic literature on the topic 'Elliott Cheu'

L’étude de la correspondance inédite entre André Belleau et Pierre Vadeboncoeur, qui va de 1978 à la mort du premier, en 1986, permet de découvrir les signes d’une politique de la littérature chez Belleau. Elle donne à voir, du même souffle, le principal obstacle politique de sa génération, à savoir l’emprise de Pierre Elliott Trudeau sur la société canadienne-française. Par le truchement du dialogisme bakhtinien et des idées de Vadeboncoeur, Belleau réussit à proposer une résolution littéraire au « Cas Trudeau », identifiant du même coup les apories d’une telle solution.

Pierre Trudeau s’emploie à dresser, au cours de la décennie 1950, un portrait fort critique de l’état de la démocratie au Canada français. À son avis, le peuple canadien-français a, de tout temps, fait de la démocratie une tactique, plutôt qu’un instrument privilégié de développement social. D’où, pour l’auteur, une tendance marquée chez les francophones à l’immoralisme social et politique, à la corruption et aux manigances électorales. Parce qu’ils ont en quelque sorte hérité du régime démocratique, qu’ils n’ont pas eu à combattre pour celui-ci, les Canadiens français n’ont jamais pu véritablement l’assimiler. Ils ont plutôt perverti le système, aidés en ce sens tantôt par le conquérant anglais, bien décidé à profiter de cette méconnaissance démontrée par la minorité vaincue, tantôt par l’Église catholique, pour qui la démocratie allait de pair avec socialisme, révolution, athéisme... Pour Trudeau, le temps est venu, à la fin des années 1950, de jeter aux orties ces anciens préjugés, pour enfin accueillir un régime véritablement démocratique, libéré de l’influence néfaste de ses détracteurs.

AbstractChokeberry fruit (Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott) is known for its antioxidant properties and generally beneficial impact on human health. The aim of the research was to produce innovative corn porridge with a different content of chokeberry fruit percentage-wise and to test it to determine the content of polyphenolic compounds, including flavonoids and individual free phenolic acids, and determine the antioxidant properties of analysed extracts. One of the objectives was also to identify the optimum porridge production parameters, including, among other things, the rotational speed of the extruder screw during the extrusion process.Obtained results showed that an increased content of chokeberry fruit in porridge enhances its antioxidant properties, as well the content of polyphenols, flavonoids, and free phenolic acids. The greatest free radicals scavenging activity by all extracts was reported after 10 minutes of the process. The results of the above study demonstrate that extruded porridge enriched with chokeberry fruit have a potential for becoming a good source of natural antioxidants, and the extrusion process at 80 rpm does not degrade the tested active compounds.

Existe una gran mayoría de estudios que relacionan las metas con factores de aprendizaje,incluido el rendimiento. Otro grupo de investigaciones buscan cómo determinados factores personales determinan un tipo de meta. Con relación a los factores personales, autores como Harackiewicz, Barron, Tauer, Carter y Elliot (2000) sostienen que las metas que mantienen los alumnos dependen de variables personales, al considerar éstas como constructos estables y de orden disposicional. Como objetivo, nos hemos planteado estudiar las relaciones entre las metas de rendimiento (metas de ejecución, o metas centradas en el yo) y los diferentes rasgos de personalidad en escolares de primaria. En este trabajo de investigación participan 550 alumnos de 5º y 6º de Educación Primaria. La edad media fue de 10.73 años (SD= .632; rango 10-12); 47.5% mujeres y el 52.5% de varones. Se han utilizado el factor “Metas de Rendimiento” del Cuestionario de Metas Académicas, CMA (Hayamizu y Weiner, 1991) y el Cuestionario de personalidad BFQ-NA (Del Barrio, Carrasco y Holgado, 2006). El ANOVA muestra que los sujetos con altas metas de rendimiento, logran puntuaciones mayores (p<0.005) que aquellos con baja en todos los factores a excepción del factor inestabilidad emocional, en el que son los sujetos con bajas metas de rendimiento los que obtienen puntuaciones (p = 0.037) mayores. Los resultados obtenidos muestran una clara asociación entre las metas de rendimiento de los niños de primaria y los diferentes factores de la personalidad. De este modo aquellos niños con elevadas metas de rendimiento, su personalidad se caracterizaría por una mayor autonomía, perseverancia, compromiso, creatividad, entusiasmo, autoconfianza, sociabilidad, entusiasmo o prosociabilidad y un menor neuroticismo y ansiedad. Estos resultados coinciden parcialmente con otras investigaciones que encuentran correlaciones entre las metas de rendimiento y la conciencia (Chen y Zhang, 2011; McCabe, Van Yperen, Elliot y Verbraak,2013).

The effects of biochar and biochar combined with N-fertilizer on the content of soil organic matter in water-stable aggregates were investigated. A field experiment was conducted with different biochar application rates: B0 control (0 t ha-1), B10 (10 t ha-1) and B20 (20 t ha-1) and 0 (no N), 1st and 2nd levels of nitrogen fertilization on silt loam Haplic Luvisol (Dolna Malanta, Slovakia), in 2014. The N doses of level 1 were calculated on required average crop production using balance method. Level 2 included additional 100% of N in year 2014 and additional 50% of N in year 2016. The effects were investigated during the growing seasons of spring barley and spring wheat in 2014 and 2016, respectively. Results indicate that the B20N2 treatment significantly increased the proportion of water-stable macro-aggregates (WSAma) and reduced water-stable micro-aggregates (WSAmi). Aggregate stability increased only in the B20N1 treatment. The B20N2 treatment showed a robust decrease by 27% in the WSAma of 0.5-0.25 mm. On the other hand, an increase by 56% was observed in the content of WSAma with fractions 3-2 mm compared to the B0N0 treatment. The effect of N fertilizer on WSAma was confirmed only in the case of the B10N2 treatment. The proportion of WSAma with fractions 3-2 mm decreased by 42%, while the size fraction of 0.5-0.25 mm increased by 30% compared to the B10N0 treatment. The content of WSAma with fractions 1-0.5 mm decreased with time. On the contrary, the content of WSAma with particle sizes above 5 mm increased with time in all treatments except the B10N2 and B20N2 treatments. A statistically significant trend was identified in the proportion of WSA in the B10N2 and B20N2 treatments, which indicates that biochar with higher application levels of N fertilizer stabilizes the proportion of water-stable aggregates. In all treatments, the content of soil organic carbon (SOC) and labile carbon (CL) in WSAmi was lower than those in WSAma. A considerable decrease of SOC in the WSAma >5 mm and an increase of SOC in WSAmi were observed when biochar was applied at the rate of 10 t ha-1. Contents of SOC in WSAmi increased as a result of adding biochar combined with N fertilizer at first level. CL in WSA significantly increased in all size fractions of WSA.References Abiven S., Hund A., Martinsen V., Cornelissen G., 2015. Biochar amendment increases maize root surface areas and branching: a shovelomics study in Zambia. Plant Soil, 342, 1-11. Agegnehu G., Bass A.M., Nelson P.N., and Bird M.I., 2016. Benefits of biochar, compost and biochar–compost for soil quality, maize yield and greenhouse gas emissions in a tropical agricultural soil. Sci. Tot. Environ., 543, 295-306. Angers D.A., Samson N., Legere A., 1993. 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Clay-sized organo-mineral complexes in a cultivation chronosequece: revisiting the concept of the “primary organo-mineral complex”. Eur. J. Soil Sci., 56, 596-607. Dziadowiec H., Gonet S.S., 1999. Methodical guide-book for soil organic matter studies. Polish Society of Soil Science, Warszawa, 65p. Elliott E.T., 1986. Aggregate structure and carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in native and cultivated soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 50, 627-633. Fischer D., Glaser B., 2012. Synergisms between compost and biochar for sustainable soil amelioration, In: Kumar S. (ed.): Management of Organic Waste, In Tech Europe, Rijeka, 167-198. Glaser B., Lehmann J., Zech W., 2002. Ameliorating physical and chemical properties of highly weathered soils in the tropics with charcoal - a review. Biol. Fertil. Soils., 35, 219-230. Heitkotter J., and B. Marschner, 2015. Interactive effects of biochar ageing in soils related to feedstock, pyrolysis temperature, and historic charcoal production. Geoderma, 245-246, 56-64. Herath H.M.S.K., Camps-Arbestain M., Hedley M., 2013. Effect of biochar on soil physical properties in two contrasting soils: an Alfisol and an Andisol. Geoderma, 209-210, 188-197. Hillel D., 1982, Introduction to soil physics. Academic Press, San Diego, CA , 364 p. Chenu C., Plante A., 2006. Clay-sized organo-mineral complexes in a cultivation chronosequence: revisiting the concept of the “primary organo-mineral complex”. Eur. J. Soil Sci., 56, 596-607. IUSS Working Group WRB., 2014. World reference base for soil resources 2014. International soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps. World Soil Resources Reports, 106, FAO, Rome., 112p. Jeffery S., Verheijen F.G.A., Van der Velde M., Bastos A.C., 2011. A quantitative review of the effects of biochar application to soils on crop productivity using meta-analysis. Agr. Ecosys. Environ., 144, 175-187. Jien S.H., Wang Ch.S., 2013. 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BackgroundGliomas represent the most common brain tumors within the central nervous system, with glioblastoma being the most aggressive type.1 Conventional treatment combines several approaches including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation.2 However, the prognosis for glioblastoma remains unfavorable, with only 5% of patients surviving more than 5 years post-diagnosis.3 Thus, new treatment approaches are urgently needed. Natural killer (NK) cells directly lyse malignantly transformed or virally infected cells and secrete inflammatory cytokines that polarize cytotoxic immunity. Allogeneic NK cell adoptive transfer has shown clinical benefit in patients with advanced cancer.4–7 However, limitations of this approach include relatively low numbers of donor NK cells that can be isolated during an apheresis and variability in the quality of NK cells between donors. To overcome these limitations, we have developed a GMP manufacturing strategy to mass produce NK cells from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) as an approach to off-the-shelf cancer immunotherapy. We refer to these cells as ‘iNK’ (iPSC-derived NK) cells. Here, we provide preclinical data demonstrating the efficacy of iNK cells for immunotherapy against glioblastoma.Abstract 155 Figure 1Engineered iNK cells exhibit highly effective antitumor function in a xenogeneic model of glioblastoma. (A) Schematic of the experimental design to test iNK cell function against glioblastoma in vivo. (B) Kaplan Meier plots showing survival for groups of mice that received either vehicle alone or iNK cells after tumor engraftment (n=5 mice/group)MethodsWe generated iNK cells using previously published methods.8–10 iNK cells were used as effectors against an array of patient-derived glioblastoma lines in 2-dimensional live imaging IncuCyte assays where iNK cell-mediated killing was observed over the course of 48 hours. To investigate iNK cell infiltration and cytotoxicity in a more physiological context that accounts for the 3-dimensional architecture of the tumor, we also performed live imaging IncuCyte assays using iNK cells as effectors against glioblastoma spheroids. To test the anti-tumor function of iNK cells in vivo, we implanted patient-derived glioblastoma cells into mice via intracranial injection. Seven days later, 5 mice received intratumoral injections of iNK cells, and 5 mice received vehicle alone (as a control; figure 1A). All mice were monitored for weight and survival over 100 days.Results iNK cells exhibited strong and sustained cytotoxicity against 6 primary patient-derived mesenchymal glioblastoma lines in 2-dimensional IncuCyte assays and complete infiltration and destruction of glioblastoma spheroids in 3-dimensional IncuCyte assays. In xenogeneic adoptive transfer experiments, all mice receiving intratumoral injections of iNK cells survived out to day 100, while all mice in the vehicle group became moribund and had to be sacrificed by day 60 (figure 1B).ConclusionsiNK cells are highly cytotoxic against glioblastoma cells, and our preclinical in vivo data provides proof-of-concept for future clinical trials.Ethics ApprovalThis project has been approved by the University of Minnesota IACUC. Approval ID: 1812-36595AReferencesLouis D N, Perry A, Reifenberger G, von Deimling A, Figarella-Branger D, Cavenee W K, Ohgaki H, Wiestler O D, Kleihues P, Ellison D W. The 2016 world health organization classification of tumors of the central nervous system: a summary. Acta Neuropathol 2016;131:803–820.Stupp R, Mason W P, van den Bent M J, Weller M, Fisher B, Taphoorn M J B, Belanger K, Brandes A A, Marosi C, Bogdahn U, Curschmann J, Janzer R C, Ludwin S K, Gorlia T, Allgeier A, Lacombe D, Cairncross J G, Eisenhauer E, Mirimanoff R O, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Brain Tumor and Radiotherapy Groups; National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group. Radiotherapy plus concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide for glioblastoma. N Engl J Med 2005;352:987–996.Thakkar JP, Dolecek TA, Horbinski C, Ostrom QT, Lightner DD, Barnholz-Sloan JS, Villano JL. Epidemiologic and molecular prognostic review of glioblastoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017;23:1985–1996.Miller J S, Soignier Y, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, McNearney S A, Yun G H, Fautsch S K, McKenna D, Le C, Defor T E, Burns L J, Orchard P J, Blazar B R, Wagner J E, Slungaard A, Weisdorf D J, Okazaki J, McGlave P B. Successful adoptive transfer and in vivo expansion of human haploidentical NK cells in patients with cancer. Blood 2005;105:3051–3057.Bachanova V, Cooley S, Defor T E, Verneris M R, Zhang B, McKenna D H, Curtsinger J, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Lewis D, Hippen K, McGlave P, Weisdorf D J, Blazar B R, Miller J S. Clearance of acute myeloid leukemia by haploidentical natural killer cells is improved using IL-2 diphtheria toxin fusion protein. Blood 2014;123:3855.Ciurea S O, Schafer J R, Bassett R, Denman C J, Cao K, Willis D, Rondon G, Chen J, Soebbing D, Kaur I, Gulbis A, Ahmed S, Rezvani K, Scpall E J, Lee D A, Champlin R E. Phase 1 clinical trial using mbIL21 ex vivo-expanded donor-derived NK cells after haploidentical transplant. Blood 2017;130:1857–1868.Romee R, Rosario M, Berrien-Elliott M M, Wagner J A, Jewell B A, Schappe T, Leong J W, Abdel-Latif S, Schneider S E, Willey S, Neal C C, Yu L, Oh T, Lee S, Mulder A, Cooper M A, Fehniger T A. Cytokine-induced memory-like natural killer cells exhibit enhanced responses against myeloid leukiemia. Sci Transl Med 2016:8;375ra123.Valamehr B, Abujarour R, Robinson M, Le T, Robbins D, Shoemaker D, Flynn P. A novel platform to enable the high-throughput derivation and characterization of feeder-free human iPSCs. Sci Rep 2012:2;213.Valamehr B, Robinson M, Abujarour R, Rezner B, Vranceanu F, Le T, Medcalf A, Lee T T, Fitch M, Robbins D, Flynn P. Platform for induction and maintenance of transgene-free hiPSCs resembling ground state pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Reports 2014;2:366–381.Zhu H, Blum R H, Bjordahl R, Gaidarova S, Rogers P, Lee T T, Abujarour R, Bonello G B, Wu J, Tsai P-F, Miller J S, Walcheck B, Valamehr B, Kaufman D S. Pluripotent stem cell-derived NK cells with high-affinity noncleavable CD16a mediate improved antitumor immunity. Blood 2020;135:399–410.

Many studies have shown a link between being competent in early mathematics and achievement in school. Early math skills have the potential to be the best predictors of later performance in reading and mathematics. Movement and songs are activities that children like, making it easier for teachers to apply mathematical concepts through this method. This study aims to develop audio-visual learning media in the form of songs with a mixture of western and traditional musical idioms, accompanied by movements that represent some of the teaching of early mathematics concepts. The stages of developing the ADDIE model are the basis for launching new learning media products related to math and art, and also planting the nation's cultural arts from an early age. These instructional media products were analyzed by experts and tested for their effectiveness through experiments on five children aged 3-4 years. The qualitative data were analyzed using transcripts of field notes and observations and interpreted in a descriptive narrative. The quantitative data were analyzed using gain score statistics. The results showed that there was a significant increase in value for early mathematical understanding of the concepts of geometry, numbers and measurement through this learning medium. The results of the effectiveness test become the final basis of reference for revision and complement the shortcomings of this learning medium. Further research can be carried out to develop other mathematical concepts through motion and song learning media, and to create experiments with a wider sample.
 Keywords: Early Mathematical Skills, Movement and Song Idiom Traditional, Audio-visual Learning Media
 References
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A considerable body of research has examined stress and wellbeing in athletes (e.g., Arnold et al., 2017). In contrast, similar experiences in sports coaches have received considerably less attention although these are widely exposed to numerous stressors which can potentially influence their well-being and performance. In 2017, a meta-analysis (Norris et al., 2017) highlighted various stressors influencing the performance of coaches. These include external scrutiny from the public and media, the need to constantly maintain high standards during training and competition and organizational stressors relating to administration, finances, overload, and environment. Regarding the elite football setting specifically, coaches must regularly deal with stressors such as job insecurity (Bentzen et al., 2020) and cope with the stress and adversity associated to a highly pressurized workplace environment (Knights and Ruddock-Hudson, 2016). These stressors can cause anxiety, in addition to sleep disturbance, thus there is a clear need to help coaches find ways to deal with such difficulties. In clinical health settings, music-based therapeutic interventions are systematically shown to help improve sleep quality (Chen et al., 2021) and anxiety levels (Umbrello et al., 2019). In sports settings, listening to music demonstrated a positive effect in reducing pre-competition anxiety levels in a cohort of elite shooters (John, Verma, Khanna, 2012) and amateur athletes (Elliott et al., 2014) respectively. Yet to our knowledge no study has investigated the potential benefits of music in sports coaches. In this preliminary study, we investigated 1) the feasibility of implementing a novel smartphone music application in a cohort of elite soccer coaches, and 2) its effectiveness in helping them fall asleep and reducing anxiety levels. A total of 10 elite French soccer coaches (age 28.4 ± 3.9 years, working in clubs belonging to the 4 highest standards of football in France: Ligue 1: n=1, Ligue 2: n=3, Division 3: n=1 and Division 4: n=5) were invited to participate in the present study which was also proposed as part of their personal development plan during a year-long elite coach development course. Prior to their inclusion, participants were informed about the implementation of the study by means of an information document and oral presentation by the research team and were asked to sign an informed consent form to participate. The participants were asked to download the music application (Music Care©, Paris, France) on their personal smartphone/tablet and provided with a headphone set. This music application is typically used in health care settings (see www.music-care.com/en/clinical-evidence.html for list of related research works) and offers personalized music listening according to the patient’s therapeutic need (pain, anxiety, sleep) and musical preferences (e.g., classic, jazz, traditional…). The music sequences (each 20min duration) aim to progressively bring the user into a state of relaxation, and naturally treat pain, anxiety, and sleep disorders. Each participant was instructed to use the application at home in the morning on waking up (choice of anxiety or awakening session) and in the evening prior to falling asleep (sleep session) over a 1-month period. They were asked to record the date, time and duration of each session in a personal diary. Following the sleep session, participants were also requested to respond to the question: did the session help you to fall asleep: yes, no or I don’t know? Finally, immediately before and at the end of each anxiety/awakening session, participants used a Likert scale to rate their current anxiety level (0=no anxiety to 10=maximal anxiety). Data are presented as means, standard deviations and range values unless stated. Owing to the non-normality of the dataset collected for the pre-post session anxiety score ratings, Wilcoxon’s signed-rank non-parametric test was used to compare mean data (significance level, p<0.05). Cohen’s Effect Sizes were also calculated and classified as trivial (<0.2), small (>0.2–0.6), moderate (>0.6–1.2), large (>1.2–2.0) and very large (>2.0–4.0). The BiostaTGV (INSERM, France) package was used for all statistical calculations. Results showed that out of the 10 participants, two did not choose to download the application while among the remaining 8, 2 did not record any information on their music sessions. Regarding the 6 remaining participants, half completed at least one session per day over the 30-day period while an average of 25 sessions were completed per participant (range: 18 to 29). In total, 150 sessions were completed by the participants of which 64% (n=96) were used to aid sleep, 19% (n=28) anxiety and 17% (n=26) wake-up respectively. Each music session was completed in its entirety (20mins duration) on 99.3% occasions. Of the 96 sleep-related sessions completed, 62.5% (n=60) were considered by the participants to have aided them in falling asleep (Figure 1). The comparison of anxiety levels demonstrated a significant reduction in mean values for the pre- versus post-session scores: 6.0±1.0 vs. 4.3±1.5, -28%, p < 0.0001, effect size=1.2 (large). To the best of our knowledge, this investigation is the first to report the feasibility of implementing a novel therapeutic music smartphone application in a group of elite soccer coaches and determine its effects on their current anxiety levels and helping them fall asleep. Altogether, 40% of coaches (4 out of 10) chose not to use the application which is greater than the 20% drop-out rates frequently reported in randomised controlled studies. However, half of the 6 remaining participants completed at least one music session per day over the 30-day period while an average of 25 sessions (with nearly all listened to in their entirety) were completed per participant demonstrating in our opinion a satisfactory level of feasibility. The coaches most often chose sleep sessions (64% of the total) of which nearly two thirds were considered to have helped them to fall asleep. Anxiety sessions were less frequently utilised but nevertheless helped to significantly reduce the coaches’ current anxiety levels (-28% reduction). These positive results follow those observed in clinical health settings (Chen et al., 2021; Umbrello et al., 2019) and athletes (Elliot et al., 2014, John et al., 2012). As such, we suggest that music can be used by elite soccer coaches as a tool to aid anxiety and falling asleep. Further research is nevertheless required to determine why not all the coaches used the application or tended to use it for sleep rather than anxiety purposes. Similarly, a stronger experimental approach employing a longitudinal randomized controlled study design, a larger sample size to increase statistical power in addition to inclusion of qualitative (e.g., questionnaires) and quantitative (e.g., physiological responses) metrics is necessary. We estimate that to achieve a statistical power level of 90%, a sample size of 62 participants (accounting for a 20% drop out rate) would be necessary for a future randomized controlled study.

ObjectiveTo assess evidence for public health impact of syndromic surveillance.IntroductionSystematic syndromic surveillance is undergoing a transition. Building on traditional roots in bioterrorism and situational awareness, proponents are demonstrating the timeliness and informative power of syndromic surveillance data to supplement other surveillance data.MethodsWe used PubMed and Google Scholar to identify articles published since 2007 using key words of interest (e.g., syndromic surveillance in combinations with emergency, evaluation, quality assurance, alerting). The following guiding questions were used to abstract impact measures of syndromic surveillance: 1) what was the public health impact; what decisions or actions occurred because of use of syndromic surveillance data?, 2) were there specific interventions or performance measures for this impact?, and 3) how, and by whom, was this information used?ResultsThirty-five papers were included. Almost all articles (n=33) remarked on the ability of syndromic surveillance to improve public health because of timeliness and/or accuracy of data. Thirty-four articles mentioned that syndromic surveillance data was used or could be useful. However, evidence of health impact directly attributable to syndromic surveillance efforts were lacking. Two articles described how syndromic data were used for decision-making. One article measured the effect of data utilization.ConclusionsWithin the syndromic surveillance literature instances of a conceptual shift from detection to practical response are plentiful. As the field of syndromic surveillance continues to evolve and is used by public health institutions, further evaluation of data utility and impact is needed.ReferencesAyala, A., Berisha, V., Goodin, K., Pogreba-Brown, K., Levy, C., McKinney, B., Koski, L., & Imholte, S. (2016). Public health surveillance strategies for mass gatherings: Super Bowl XLIX and related events, Maricopa County, Arizona, 2015. Health Security, 14(3), 173-84. doi: 10.1089/hs.2016.0029.Bermis, K., Frias, M., Patel, M.T., & Christiansen, D. (2017). Using an Emergency Department Syndromic Surveillance System to Evaluate Reporting of Potential Rabies Exposures, Illinois, 2013-2015. Public Health Reports 132(Supplement 1) 59S-64S."Borroto, R., Williamson, B., Pitcher, P., Ballester, L., Smith, W., Soetebier, K., & Drenzek, C. (2016). Using Syndromic Surveillance Alert Protocols for Epidemiologic Response in Georgia. Online Journal of Public Health Informatics 9(1):e123. doi:10.5210/ojphi.v9i1.7707."Daly, E.R., Dufault, K., Swenson, D.J., Lakevicius, P., Metcalf, E., & Chan, B.P. (2017). Use of emergency department data to monitor and respond to an increase in opioid overdoses in New Hampshire 2011-2015. 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Retrieved from: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6332a1.htm"Harrison, C., Jorder, M., Stern, H., Stavinksy, F., Reddy, V., Hanson, H., Waechter, H., Lowe, L., Gravano, L., & Balter, S. (2014). Using online reviews by restaurant patrons to identify unreported cases of foodborne illness — New York City, 2012–2013. MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 63(20), 441-445. Retrieved from:https://www.cdc.gov/MMWr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6320a1.htm"Hawkins, J.B., Tuli, G., Kluberg, S., Harris, J., Brownstein, J.S., & Nsoesie, E. (2016). A digital platform for local foodborne illness and outbreak surveillance. Online Journal of Public Health Informatics 8(1), e60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5210/ojphi.v8i1.6474Hines, J.Z., Bancroft, J., Powell, M., & Hedberg, K. (2017). Case finding using syndromic surveillance data during an outbreak of Shiga Toxin–Producing Escherichia coli O26 infections, Oregon, 2015. 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Research has been one of the core pillars of the Department of Orthopedics of the Philippine General Hospital over its now 50 years of existence. The department established one of the earliest resident’s research contests in the hospital in 1983 and its graduates regularly publish in peer reviewed journals and present their results in international conferences.1 Residents are required to complete 2 original studies prior to graduation and encouraged to document their clinical cases fully for future observational studies.
 Despite the apparent fascination, questions remain for a lot of trainees and clinicians. “Why do research? How does it help our patients?” Skepticism abounds as even clinically sound and well-made studies oftentimes do not lead to policy and practice changes needed to improve patient care.2 Given contrarian evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs), practices of most established surgeons do not change.3
 Hope remains however as evidence-based practice in orthopedics is growing and here to stay.4 Surgeons who accurately examine and diagnose their patient, keep medical records, analyze the medical literature for the best treatment, and explain the available options are subconsciously practicing the scientific methods of observation, documentation, analysis, and reporting conclusions which are the basis of all scientific research. Incorporating research education not just to residency training programs but also to continuing medical education (CME) courses for surgeons may help develop the skills to comprehend new studies and incorporate them into patient care. Reassuringly for the elder surgeon, even old dogs have been shown to learn new tricks for their practice, just not as fast as the younger generation.5
 The challenge now presented to Philippine medical practitioners is to develop clinical research that will translate into improved care for patients. As majority of literature dictating treatment for musculoskeletal disorders come from developed countries, case series or observational cohorts reporting local data in our setting is greatly important in guiding patient care.6 The fundamental goal is to produce high quality studies or new breakthroughs that engage discussion amongst a wide audience and lead to system changes that eventually enhance patient outcomes.7
 As part of the celebration of the PGH Department of Orthopedics 50th golden anniversary, this orthopedic issue of the ACTA MEDICA PHILIPPINA represents work from the different orthopedic subspecialities of the department and its graduates. Pioneering studies on brachial plexus injuries, computer navigated spine surgery, rotationplasty, artificial intelligence, pedagogy, and much more highlight the growth of orthopedics in the Philippines. A study on one of the newest fields in Philippine orthopedics, orthogeriatrics, exemplifies the importance of blazing a new trail.
 The publication by Reyes et al. on a multidisciplinary orthogeriatric approach to the treatment of fragility hip fractures has shown improved outcomes consistent with the positive results of other fracture liaison services in Asia and worldwide.8,9 Their work has since led to the UPM-PGH Orthogeriatric Multidisciplinary Fracture Management Model and Fracture Liaison Service being adopted by PGH as a clinical pathway and has served as a model for other hospitals in the Philippines to improve their care of patients with fragility hip fractures. With the follow-through from the initial clinical study to administrative and policy changes, this example aptly illustrates the power of research to effect significant improvements in clinical outcomes and inspires all of us to continue to strive for better care for our patients.
 
 Czar Louie Gaston, MD, FPOA Department of Orthopedics Philippine General Hospital University of the Philippines Manila
 
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