Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Elsa'

Emotional literacy is the ability to understand, express and regulate ones emotions and recognise the emotions of others. It falls under the broader term social and emotional learning (SEL). The ‘ELSA programme’ is a intervention where one or more teaching assistants within a school are trained in emotional literacy and provide intensive targeted emotional literacy support to a young person or group of young people. This study explored the experiences of Emotional Literacy Support Assistants (ELSAs) (n=8) and the young people they worked with (n-7) using a semi structure interview. A thematic analysis revealed that ‘relationships’ seemed to be an important aspect of both ELSAs and children’s experiences of the ELSA programme and pivotal to the change process. It seemed that the child-ELSA relationship was viewed by children as a coping mechanism in itself that children draw on to a varying degree after formal sessions have ended. Factors influencing the formation of this relationship were also identified. For ELSAs these included ELSA qualities, self-confidence and implementation factors. For children these included the qualities of the ELSA, confidentiality and sessions being perceived as fun and enjoyable. The results are discussed with reference to relevant research and the implications in relation to the implementation of the ELSA programme and the support offered by educational psychologists are summarised.

Elsa Triolet, née dans une famille intellectuelle juive de Moscou, apprend le français dès son enfance, comme son ami Roman Jakobson. Elle se lie des sa jeunesse avec Maïakovski, Chklovski, les futuristes et formalistes proches de L. Et O. Brik. Apres son mariage, elle séjourne à Tahiti, Londres, Berlin, Paris, où elle fréquente les milieux artistiques de Montparnasse. La rencontre d'Aragon en 1928, loin d'être facile, bouleverse le cours de sa vie. De 1930 (mort de Maïakovski) à la guerre, l'activité d'E. Triolet se diversifie. Ses premiers romans portent la marque de la culture russe, des grands écrivains classiques ainsi que d'auteurs français. Leurs procédés et leurs thèmes participent cependant de la littérature russe d'avant-garde. L'étude génétique des romans, manuscrits et journaux intimes montre le passage de l' autobiographique au romanesque, les processus d'écriture, l'évolution de la structure des œuvres; elle explique pourquoi et comment, après un bref renoncement, E. Triolet revient au roman, passant du russe au français avec Bonsoir, Thérèse, roman du possible. Œuvre continue, bilingue, féministe, les premiers romans d'Elsa triolet constituent un ensemble éminemment moderne
Elsa Triolet, born in an intellectual Jewish family from Moscow, learns French language from childhood, like her friend, Roman Jakobson. In her youth, she becomes fast friend with Maiakovski, Chlovski, the futurists and the formalists in relations with L. And O. Brik. After her marriage, she stays in Tahiti, London, Berlin and Paris where she frequents the artistic circles at Montparnasse. Her meeting with Aragon in 1928 is far from being easy and upsets the course of her life. From 1930 (death of Maiakovski) to the war, Elsa Triolet diversifies her activity. Her first novels bear the stamp of Russian culture, of great classic writers as well as French authors. Their processes and themes, however, have some of the characteristics of vanguard Russian literature. The genetic study of her novels, manuscripts and diaries shows how she passes from autobiography to novel, her writing processes and the evolution of her works structure ; it explains why and how, after a brief renouncement, Elsa Triolet comes back to novel, passing from Russian to French with Bonsoir, Thérèse, a novel of the eventual. As a continuous, bilingual and feminist work, Elsa Triolet 's first novels constitute an eminently modern whole

Cette étude présente les travaux menés sur trois grands groupes de minéraux argileux (kaolins, illite, sudoite (chlorite di-trioctaédrique)) caractéristiques des halos d’altération entourant les gisements d’uranium de type discordance, dans le but de révéler les paléocirculations d’uranium dans les bassins intracratoniques d’âge méso-Protérozoïque (1,2-1,6 Ga). Grâce à la Spectrométrie de Résonance Paramagnétique Electronique (RPE), nous avons pu mettre en évidence la persistance des défauts structuraux au sein des kaolins contemporains de la diagenèse du bassin, et démontrer l’existence inédite de défauts relativement stables au sein des illites et des sudoites contemporaines de la mise en place des gisements uranifères. Ainsi, le défaut principal de l’illite (centre Ai) et le défaut principal de la sudoite (centre As) se caractérisent par un signal anisotrope avec, respectivement, des composantes ǵı = 2,003 et g// = 2,051, et gı = 2,005 et g// = 2,051. Comme pour les kaolins (kaolinite/dickite), les défauts principaux de l’illite et de la sudoite sont orientés perpendiculairement au plan (ab), situés au niveau de la liaison Si-O tétraédrique. Cependant, leurs stabilités thermiques semblent différentes. L’observation d’échantillons issus de différentes zones (stériles, anomales ou minéralisées) du bassin de l’Athabasca (Canada) a permis d’identifier une évolution parallèle entre la concentration en défauts actuellement mesurée dans les différents minéraux argileux et la proximité de zones minéralisées. Ainsi, les argiles apparaissent comme des traceurs potentiels des zones où ont circulé les solutions riches en uranium
This study presents the works driven on three groups of clay minerals (kaolins, illite, sudoite (di-trioctahedrical chlorites)) characteristics of the alteration halos surrounding unconformity-type uranium deposits, in order to reveal uranium paleocirculations in the intracratonic meso-Proterozoïc basins (1,2 – 1,6 Ga). Thanks to Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (EPR), we were able to highlight the persistence of structural defects in kaolin-group minerals contemporaneous of the basin diagenesis, and demonstrate the existence of relatively stable defects in illites and sudoites contemporaneous of the uranium deposits setting. Thus, the main defect in illite (Ai centre) and the main defect in sudoite (As centre) are characterized by their g components such as, respectively, gı = 2,003 et g// = 2,051 for illite and gı = 2,008 et g// = 2,051 for sudoite. As the main defect in kaolins (kaolinite/dickite), the main defects in illite and sudoite are perpendicularly oriented according to the (ab) plane, on the tetraedrical Si-O bound. However, their thermal stabilities seem different. The observation of samples from different zones (background, anomal or mineralized) of the Athabasca basin (Canada) allowed to identify a parallel evolution between actual defects concentration measured in the different clay minerals and the proximity of the mineralisation zones. Consequently, clays minerals can be considered as potential plotters of zones where uranium-rich solutions have circuled

Research indicates that the number of teaching assistants (TAs) employed in schools throughout England and Wales has increased dramatically since the 1980s as a result of the integration and inclusion of children with special educational needs (SEN) within mainstream schools, and workforce reforms aimed at reducing the excessive workload of teachers. This has led to a change in the role of TAs, from that of assisting teachers, to directly supporting the teaching and learning process. Emotional literacy support assistants (ELSAs) are TAs who are trained by educational psychologists (EPs) to support children with social and emotional difficulties within schools, through delivering programmes of support which are specifically designed for individual pupils. Since being developed in 2003 in Southampton, the ELSA programme has spread to many areas of the UK and the number of ELSAs working in schools has increased. There is currently very little research into the role and effectiveness of ELSAs in schools and, to the researcher’s knowledge, there is no previous research into the relationship between ELSAs and the pupils they work with. The current research explores ELSA’s perceptions of the ELSA-pupil relationship, that is, the aspects of the ELSA-pupil relationship they perceive to be important and the factors they perceive to be facilitators or barriers to developing and maintaining the ELSA-pupil relationship. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with twelve ELSAs in one local authority (LA). Through thematic analysis of the data, themes emerged that reflected the bond, task agreement and goal agreement aspects of Bordin’s (1979) working alliance. In addition to this, themes resembled a number of the personal characteristics and therapist techniques proposed by Ackerman and Hilsenroth (2003) as helping to develop and maintain the alliance. Themes also reflected a number of Rogers’ (1957) necessary and sufficient conditions of therapeutic change, in addition to the concept of solution focussed brief therapy (de Shazer, 1988; de Shazer et al,. 2007). Furthermore, the themes resembled a number of the approaches and personality factors identified by Granitz, Koernig and Harich (2009) as being linked to rapport. Interpretations of the themes are discussed with respect to the research literature and implications for the practice of educational psychology are considered.

This research seeks to learn from Emotional Literacy Support Assistants (ELSAs) how they perceived the Emotional Literacy Support Assistant (ELSA) training had affected their engagement with their school community and the pupils they were working with. The thesis places the role of ELSAs within the context of the rise in interest in emotionality in education and psychology over recent years. The research was conducted with trainee ELSAs who took part in a semi-structured interview whilst most also kept a reflective journal. The ELSAs reported they considered the training had provided them with a greater understanding of their pupils’ emotions and that they felt more competent in supporting their pupils with their emotionality. In addition, the ELSAs considered they were more confident discussing the pupil’s emotionality with colleagues and the pupil’s parents. However, many reported obstacles which prevented them in engaging in their role from their senior management team (SMT) and colleagues. The ELSAs perceived this was due to a lack of understanding emotional literacy (EL). In addition, ELSAs faced the challenge of working with parents who held a mismatch with the school’s expectations regarding pupil behaviour. I make recommendations as to how ELSAs could be supported in their schools. In addition, I explore implications for Educational Psychologists (EPs), schools and local authorities (LAs) with regards to the position of emotionality set against the backdrop of the recent reforms in working with individuals with special educational needs and disabilities (SEND).

La ricerca sviluppa le più recenti proposte teoriche dell'antropologia interpretativa, applicandole alla teoria della letteratura. Si concentra sull'ipotesto antropologico attivo nell'opera di Elsa Morante, con particolare riferimento alla produzione successiva agli anni Sessanta (Il mondo salvato dai ragazzini, 1968; La Storia, 1974; Aracoeli, 1982), in cui si verifica la concentrazione del materiale etno-antropologico di derivazione demartiniana. La tesi si propone di sondare la prolificità del rapporto intertestuale Morante-De Martino, soprattutto mediante la ricorrenza di alcuni luoghi significanti che accomunano la ricerca poetica e quella scientifica degli autori, uniti da una fondamentale rielaborazione del concetto di "umanesimo". Centrale, a questo proposito, diviene la nozione di "crisi" della persona, direttamente collegata al vissuto da "fine del mondo" e alla percezione apocalittica post-atomica. Alla crisi del soggetto contemporaneo si guarda nei termini di una risoluzione culturale, che chiama direttamente in causa il rapporto tra letteratura e ritualità. Secondo la prospettiva sociologica durkheimiana, si indagano i momenti della piacularità e della festa, ricorsivi nella scrittura morantiana, come fondanti il discorso (la narrazione mitografica) della comunità. Di qui, la riflessione si attesta sulle strategie della comunicazione finzionale in ambito etno-antropologico, con attenzione all'autorialità dello stesso antropologo sul campo. Non mancano raffronti con le esperienze letterarie più significative nell'orizzonte culturale delineato: in particolar modo, si tiene in considerazione il fondamentale rapporto Morante-Pasolini.
The research develops the most recent theoretical proposals of interpretive anthropology , applying them to the theory of literature. It focuses on anthropological "ipotesto" active in the work of Elsa Morante , with particular reference to the production next to the Sixties ( The world is saved by children , 1968; History , 1974; Aracoeli , 1982) , in which occurs the concentration of De Martino's ethno- anthropological material . The thesis aims to explore the prolificacy of the intertextual relationship Morante -De Martino , particularly by the occurrence of some significant places that are common to the poetic and scientific research of the authors , joined by a fundamental reworking of the concept of " humanism." Central in this regard , it becomes the notion of "crisis" of the person, directly connected to the living "end of the world " and the apocalyptic post- atomic perception. The crisis of the contemporary subject is  view in terms of a cultural resolution , which directly concerns the relationship between literature and rituals . According to Durkheim's sociological perspective , we investigate the moments of "piacularità" and "festa", in Morante's writing recursive , as founding the discourse ( mythographic narration ) of the community. Hence , the reflection came on the strategies of fictional communication within the ethno- anthropological , anthropologist carefully authorship of the same on field. There is no lack comparisons with the most significant literary experiences in contemporary culture outlined : in particular, it takes into account the fundamental relationship Morante - Pasolini.

La ricerca sviluppa le più recenti proposte teoriche dell'antropologia interpretativa, applicandole alla teoria della letteratura. Si concentra sull'ipotesto antropologico attivo nell'opera di Elsa Morante, con particolare riferimento alla produzione successiva agli anni Sessanta (Il mondo salvato dai ragazzini, 1968; La Storia, 1974; Aracoeli, 1982), in cui si verifica la concentrazione del materiale etno-antropologico di derivazione demartiniana. La tesi si propone di sondare la prolificità del rapporto intertestuale Morante-De Martino, soprattutto mediante la ricorrenza di alcuni luoghi significanti che accomunano la ricerca poetica e quella scientifica degli autori, uniti da una fondamentale rielaborazione del concetto di "umanesimo". Centrale, a questo proposito, diviene la nozione di "crisi" della persona, direttamente collegata al vissuto da "fine del mondo" e alla percezione apocalittica post-atomica. Alla crisi del soggetto contemporaneo si guarda nei termini di una risoluzione culturale, che chiama direttamente in causa il rapporto tra letteratura e ritualità. Secondo la prospettiva sociologica durkheimiana, si indagano i momenti della piacularità e della festa, ricorsivi nella scrittura morantiana, come fondanti il discorso (la narrazione mitografica) della comunità. Di qui, la riflessione si attesta sulle strategie della comunicazione finzionale in ambito etno-antropologico, con attenzione all'autorialità dello stesso antropologo sul campo. Non mancano raffronti con le esperienze letterarie più significative nell'orizzonte culturale delineato: in particolar modo, si tiene in considerazione il fondamentale rapporto Morante-Pasolini.
The research develops the most recent theoretical proposals of interpretive anthropology , applying them to the theory of literature. It focuses on anthropological "ipotesto" active in the work of Elsa Morante , with particular reference to the production next to the Sixties ( The world is saved by children , 1968; History , 1974; Aracoeli , 1982) , in which occurs the concentration of De Martino's ethno- anthropological material . The thesis aims to explore the prolificacy of the intertextual relationship Morante -De Martino , particularly by the occurrence of some significant places that are common to the poetic and scientific research of the authors , joined by a fundamental reworking of the concept of " humanism." Central in this regard , it becomes the notion of "crisis" of the person, directly connected to the living "end of the world " and the apocalyptic post- atomic perception. The crisis of the contemporary subject is  view in terms of a cultural resolution , which directly concerns the relationship between literature and rituals . According to Durkheim's sociological perspective , we investigate the moments of "piacularità" and "festa", in Morante's writing recursive , as founding the discourse ( mythographic narration ) of the community. Hence , the reflection came on the strategies of fictional communication within the ethno- anthropological , anthropologist carefully authorship of the same on field. There is no lack comparisons with the most significant literary experiences in contemporary culture outlined : in particular, it takes into account the fundamental relationship Morante - Pasolini.

La ricerca e la scelta minuziosa della parola giusta dominano il mondo creativo di Elsa Morante e risultano dallo spoglio dei manoscritti: sono famose le sue liste di parole, che testimoniano di un continuo lavorio per l’individuazione della più opportuna, che meglio si adatti ad un determinato contesto. Da lettrice che avverte, da studiosa di letteratura aperta ad alcuni settori della linguistica che verifica, leggendo e rileggendo con strumenti adeguati, rimandi da un’opera all’altra e nota punti di contatto, costanti, ritorni con nuove valenze o le stesse del passato, ho deciso di affrontare il presente lavoro, Per un Lessico intellettuale di Elsa Morante, suddiviso in varie parti tra loro correlate: l’Introduzione che informa sulle motivazioni che hanno condotto alla sua formulazione, sulla metodologia seguita e sulle opere selezionate per l’analisi lessicografica; segue la Prima parte, Spunti per un’analisi critica, che offre la sezione critica della Seconda, ovvero quella del lessico vero e proprio con lemmi e relative schede, redatto tenendo in considerazione le norme del Centro per il Lessico Intellettuale Europeo. In questa Seconda parte, intitolata Lessico, di ciascun lemma vengono forniti i contesti significativi (schede-contesto) dell’ampiezza necessaria per renderli autonomamente intelligibili così da creare una voce del Lessico. Il Lessico non comprende tutte le parole presenti nelle opere da me vagliate, ma solo quelle ritenute più rappresentative della produzione creativa della scrittrice. Alla Terza parte, Index locorum, spetta il compito di offrire i risultati dello spoglio integrale di ciascun lemma inserito nel Lessico, condotto col ricorso al calcolatore elettronico; nasce per favorire un’analisi più obiettiva, per verifica del lavoro qui proposto da parte di qualsiasi studioso ne sia interessato, per mostrare le scelte operate (e avallarle o metterle in discussione), le occorrenze entrate nel Lessico come esempi più significativi di una data voce, le occorrenze scartate. Segue la Bibliografia, comprendente i testi utili allo sviluppo del mio studio, con informazioni sulle opere di Elsa Morante e l’elenco di libri, saggi e articoli sull’autrice e non, citati o consultati. Non si presenta in queste pagine un’analisi lessicografica dell’intera produzione artistica di Elsa Morante. Mi sono proposta uno scopo circoscritto a tre opere: Lettere ad Antonio, Alibi e Aracoeli, intendendo valorizzare tre testi che rispetto a Menzogna e sortilegio, L’isola di Arturo, Il Mondo salvato dai ragazzini e La Storia sono stati trascurati e non sempre analizzati con la dovuta attenzione. Critica letteraria, semantica lessicale o lessicologia, lessicografia costituiscono i percorsi utili alla creazione di Per un lessico intellettuale di Elsa Morante, permettono formulazioni più certe sull’attività, pensiero e linguaggio della scrittrice, sullo studio dei significati e dei sensi della sua ‘lingua individuale’ e degli imprescindibili fattori storico-culturali in cui essa si inserisce. Storia letteraria e linguistica dunque, come vuole il padre della critica stilistica Leo Sptizer, per meglio comprendere l’autore studiato. Nel Lessico, i lemmi si succedono in ordine alfabetico. Perché il lavoro complessivo crei un’intersezione delle varie parti per generare un organismo completo, va evidenziato che sono stati individuati percorsi per una più agile lettura del Lessico ─ poi approfonditi nella Prima parte, ovvero nella sezione critica ─ incentrati su delle voci significative, ciascuna delle quali si pone al centro di costellazioni terminologiche e quindi concettuali. È possibile creare insiemi di termini e concetti interdipendenti, da esaminare in connessione, per giungere ad una veduta complessiva degli esempi addotti ad esplicazione della terminologia morantiana. Tramite un’analisi sistematica sono state individuate alcune parole significative, chiamate ‘parole-guida’, ciascuna delle quali si pone a capo di un gruppo o insieme o ─ per usare una di quelle parole tratte dall’astronomia che compaiono nell’opera della Morante ─ “costellazione” di parole, costellazione terminologica come già detto, contenente un numero di parole che nell’opera della Morante sono alla parola-guida legate per affinità tematica. Come fosse un gioco di scatole cinesi, all’interno di ciascuna costellazione terminologica sono stati creati dei sottoinsiemi. Ogni sottoinsieme possiede a sua volta una parola-guida, resa graficamente in carattere minore, e contiene termini imparentati tematicamente ad essa e alla parola-guida che tutto contiene. La chiave interpretativa offerta e le soluzioni trovate, già presenti nella Seconda parte, Lessico, nella selezione delle schede-contesto, cioè nella scelta degli esempi utili alla costruzione delle voci, verranno approfondite in Spunti per un’analisi critica, sezione con intento esplicativo, d’approfondimento delle parole-lemma e del loro inserimento nell’ambito culturale e storico della Morante, ovvero nella sezione propriamente di critica letteraria che sulla parte lessicale fonda le proprie analisi e ipotesi. Se consideriamo diacronicamente l’opera complessiva della Morante da un lato appare chiara – come alcuni approcci linguistici ad essa hanno dimostrato – la metamorfosi oltre che necessariamente tematica, stilistica (variazione dei registri, la presenza o assenza di pluringuismo ecc.) dall’altro lato meno evidente ma altrettanto determinante ai fini di una migliore conoscenza dell’opera e dell’autrice l’esistenza di un nucleo che nel sistema lessicale morantiano si mantiene saldo e stabile dagli inizi alla fine della sua carriera artistica. Certamente col passare del tempo si aggiungeranno nuovi lessemi che non andranno ad intaccare i precedenti, i quali a loro volta possono diventare polisemi o aggiungere nuovi sensi accanto a quelli originari. Con questo lavoro si tenta di individuare e analizzare se non tutto, almeno in parte, proprio quel nucleo di lessemi.
The careful search for and choice of the right word dominate the creative world of Elsa Morante and are evident from examination of her manuscripts: her lists of words are quite well-known, testifying to a continuous work for identifying the most appropriate one, best suited to a given context. As a perceptive reader, as a discerning literary academic geared to certain areas of linguistics, by reading and rereading with appropriate tools, by cross-referencing from one work to another and noting the points of contact, constant and repetitive, coming back with new valences or the same as in the past, I decided to undertake this work, Per un Lessico intellettuale di Elsa Morante (For an intellectual Lexicon of Elsa Morante), divided into various interrelated parts: the Introduction that states the reasons which led to its formulation, the methods used and the works selected for lexicographical analysis; followed by Part One, Ideas for a critical analysis, which provides the critical section of Part Two, namely the actual lexicon proper with entries and related explanatory files, drawn up by taking into account the norms of the Centre for European Intellectual Lexicon. In this second part, entitled Lexicon, for each term are provided meaningful contexts (context-files) of sufficient amplitude in order to make them independently comprehensive so as to create an entry in the Lexicon. The Lexicon does not include all the words present in the works I examined, but only those considered most representative of the writer's creative output. Part Three, Index locorum, has the task of offering the results of the complete examination of each entry included in the Lexicon, conducted with the use of computer calculations; it was created to foster a more objective analysis, for verification of the work proposed here on the part of any scholar who may be interested, to show the choices made (and endorse or question them): the occurrences entered into the Lexicon as the most significant examples of a given item as well as the occurrences discarded. At the end is the Bibliography, including the texts useful for the development of my study, with information on the works of Elsa Morante and the list of books, essays and articles on the author and related topics, whether cited or only consulted. A lexicographical analysis of the entire literary production of Elsa Morante does not appear in these pages. I have set myself a goal confined to three books: Letters to Antonio, Alibi and Aracoeli, with the intention of bringing forth these three texts, which, with respect to Menzogna e sortilegio (House Of Liars), L’isola di Arturo (Arturo's Island), Il Mondo salvato dai ragazzini (The World Saved by Children) and La Storia (History) have been neglected and not always analyzed with due attention. Literary criticism, lexical semantics or lexicology, and lexicography lay the bases useful in creating For an intellectual Lexicon of Elsa Morante, allowing more certain formulations on the activity, thought and language of the writer, about the study of the meanings and nuances of her “individual language” and regarding the inexorable historical and cultural factors which influence it. Literary and linguistic history, therefore, as envisaged by the father of stylistic criticism, Leo Spitzer, to better understand the author studied. In the Lexicon, the entries are in alphabetical order. So that the overall work creates an intersection of the various parts as to generate a complete organism, it should be noted that ways have been identified for a more flexible reading of the Lexicon ─ expanded upon further in Part One, namely the critical section ─ focused on certain significant terms, each of which is the focus of terminological and thus conceptual patterns. One can create interdependent sets of terms and concepts to examine interrelatedly in order to achieve a general view of the examples put forward to explain the Morantian terminology. Through systematic analysis have been identified several significant words, called “guide-words”, each of which stands at the head of a group or set or ─ to use one of those words taken from astronomy which appear in the works of Morante ─ a "constellation" of words, a terminological constellation as mentioned above, containing a number of words which in the works of Morante are related to the guide-word through thematic affinity. Like a Russian matryoshka doll, within each terminological constellation subsets are created. Each subset in turn has a guide-word, graphically expressed in smaller characters, and contains terms related to it thematically and to the overall word-guide containing everything. The interpretative key provided and the solutions found, already included in Part Two, Lexicon, in the selection of the context-files, i.e. in the choice of examples useful for creating entries, will be expanded upon in Ideas for a critical analysis. This section has an explanatory intent, expanding upon the word-entries and their inclusion in the cultural and historical environment of Morante. Furthermore, the section of literary criticism itself bases its analyses and assumptions on the lexical sphere. If we consider the whole range of Morante’s works diachronically, on one hand it appears clear - as some linguistic approaches to it have shown – that the metamorphosis beyond being necessarily thematic is stylistic (variation in register, the presence or absence of multilingualism, etc.) On the other hand, less obvious but equally essential for a better understanding of the work and of the author, is the existence of a core which in the Morantian lexical system keeps itself solid and stable from the beginning to the end of her career. Certainly over time new lexemes will come to be added that will not affect the preceding ones, which in turn may become polysemes or add new meaning alongside the original ones. With this work an attempt is made to identify and analyze, if not all, at least a part of, that very core of lexemes.

Innehåll/Content: Elsa Beskow was an artist and a writer who for 50 years, from the turn of the 19th century, produced a wide variety of books for children. The books have been read for several generations and are translated into multiple languages, and they are still released and appreciated. This essay is based on literature studies and several different art scientific image analysis on selected paintings from Elsa Beskow picture books. The aim is to investigate how the children and their environments are portrayed in her picture books. The theoretical approach assumes that it is possible to preform image analysis on picture book paintings. In the analysis, Beskow’s contemporary theoretical ideas about children, education and also later feminist theory have been taken into account. The methodical approach is based on different image analysis as formal and style analysis according to Wölfflin, iconographic and iconological analysis according to Panofsky, semiotic analys according to Barthes and feminist image analysis or analysis from a gender perspective. The paintings that are analysed are from Children from the Forest, The Flowers’ Festival, The Children of Hat Cottage, Emily and Daisy and Petter and Lotta’s Christmas. The results of my analysis focused on how the children's environments are portrayed. For the showing, the environments are divided into multiple categories: the physical environment (country and city, exteriors and interiors), the family situation (different family constellations), children's education and schooling including ethics and morals, norms and values, the food situation and realism were set against fantasy. The comparison of the analytical methods provided that the formal and style analysis are appropriate to use on picture book paintings, as well as the description and interpretation of the iconographic analysis. The results demonstrated that iconological and semiotic analysis, respectively, were possible but not optimal. Analysis from a gender perspective was suitable. Lastly, the literature studies gave insight into how much of Elsa Beskow's life is reflected in her books.

Method books are a major means by which musicians study techniques and performance practices of the past. In addition to being practical tools for learning one's craft, these books serve as a historical reference into the minds of famous performers and teachers. Today's use of nineteenth century method books ensures the instructional lineages of famous clarinetists are carried forward. However, clarinet researchers and historians would be remiss if they did not also record and preserve the distinctive methods of the twentieth century's most effective performers and teachers. Elsa Ludewig-Verdehr is one such clarinetist who has established herself as a substantial twentieth century figure through (1) her performance record, (2) her students' performance and teaching record, and (3) her involvement in the international clarinet community. Review of current literature indicates four articles, five biographic dictionary entries, and one dissertation observation and interview about Dr. Verdehr's methods exist. These sources honor her, provide biographical information, and reference the tenets of her teaching philosophy; however, they do not discuss her detailed methodology or specific pedagogical exercises. Therefore, this text seeks to answer questions about Dr. Verdehr's teaching philosophy and clarinet method in order to record and preserve her life's work. This text provides transcription of over 150 handwritten exercises with primary source commentary. Interview explanations from Dr. Verdehr are combined with analysis of over thirty pages of handwritten material to assemble the first publication of The Verdehr Method: A Suggested Approach and Guide to Studying the Clarinet – Exercises for the Development of Tone, Technique, and Tonguing.

La obra de Elsa Morante está sembrada de elementos relacionados con la cultura española, que se van intensificando hasta alcanzar pleno protagonismo en su última novela Aracoeli. El presente estudio aborda el problema por vez primera en su conjunto y de forma monográfica, rompiendo así la inercia de la crítica que lo ha tratado sólo tangencialmente. Bajo el concepto de cultura española se incluyen tanto las obras literarias que consultó la autora, como la lengua, la historia, las bellas artes, el folclore e incluso elementos de la paracultura. Las fuentes documentales que hemos utilizado comprenden, además de la obra completa de Morante, sus distintos estadios redaccionales y otros apuntes manuscritos, pruebas de imprenta, paratextos, catálogos, registros de lectura, cartas y entrevistas. La tesis se estructura dividida en tres partes: la primera sirve de contexto e incluye la vida y obra de la escritora junto con una síntesis de la historia de la crítica acerca de ella. La segunda está dedicada a verificar el conocimiento que la escritora tuvo de la realidad y la cultura españolas, sondeando sus lecturas, sus amistades y sus viajes. La tercera analiza las huellas de España y lo español en la producción literaria de Morante, siguiendo un recorrido cronológico capaz de reconstruir la gestación y reescritura de cada pieza, así como los enlaces entre ellas dentro de un proceso evolutivo. El método seguido para alcanzar este objetivo conjuga la reconstrucción del contexto histórico-cultural, el estudio de fuentes, el análisis lingüístico y el enfoque comparatista. Ello a fin de conciliar el rigor documental y filológico con la interpretación más propiamente literaria, encaminada a establecer la función de lo español en cada obra como fase de un itinerario global. La tesis se cierra con una serie de apéndices: el primero dedicado a la transcripción de la correspondencia dirigida a Morante por españoles e hispanoamericanos; el segundo a las traducciones de su obra en España; el tercero a un glosario de los términos castellanos en su obra; y el cuarto a imágenes que ilustran las fuentes iconográficas presentes en ella de forma directa o indirecta. Entre los logros alcanzados por el presente trabajo, cabe citar la reconstrucción de la ‘biblioteca hispánica’ de Elsa Morante mediante un rastreo que ha permitido identificar ediciones concretas utilizadas como hipotexto de algunas novelas (así, por ej., la traducción italiana del Quijote debida a Bartolomeo Gamba, la edición de poesías de Miguel Hernández de Dario Puccini, utilizadas respectivamente en La Storia y Aracoeli), y otras lecturas que evidencian el marcado interés de la autora por el mito romántico de España (Gaspard de la Nuit y el Manuscrito encontrado en Zaragoza, el libro de Ezio Levi sobre la historia de Don Carlos). Paralelamente, se han identificado los motivos recurrentes de la narrativa morantiana en relación con España sin perder de vista la individualidad de cada obra, muy en particular Menzogna e sortilegio, estructurada metanarrativamente sobre la base del Quijote, y Aracoeli, donde se anudan los principales hilos conductores del hispanismo morantiano. A la luz de esta última novela, dos ideas-fuerza subyacentes en la “función España” que atraviesa la trayectoria creativa de Morante: la vinculación de lo español con un primitivismo antropológico a la vez que oscuro y edénico, y la imposibilidad de deslindar los campos enfrentados (positivo/negativo; arcaísmo/modernidad). Esta condición oximórica caracteriza también el peculiar bilingüismo de Aracoeli, que tiene en la construcción de híbridos léxicos italo-españoles su principal fuerza.
Elsa Morante’s literary works are full of elements related to the Spanish culture. This thesis studies this fact in its complexity and entirety for the first time, breaking the inertia of criticism, that to date has only treated the topic superficially. We look at “Spanish culture” from different aspects: literary works, language, history, arts, folklore and even so called ‘paracultural’ elements. The study is divided into three main parts. The first part intends to give a preliminary context that includes the biography and the production of the author, together with an overview of the critical studies. The second aims to find out about Morante’s knowledge of the Spanish reality, rebuilding her personal library and experiences related to Spain. Finally, the third section focuses on the Spanish elements in her works. The reconstruction of the historical and cultural context, the study of sources, the linguistic analysis and a contrastive approach make up the main methodological instruments used to confirm the ‘Spain function” that operates in all of Morante’s works. This study has added to the already known readings of Morante, a number of new titles such as the Italian translation of Don Quixote by Bartolomeo Gamba, the Dario Puccini’s edition of Miguel Hernández poems, two works of the XIX century related to the romantic myth of Spain: Gaspard de la Nuit and The Manuscript Found in Saragossa; and also Ezio Levi’s book about Don Carlos, which roots Morante’s interest in Spanish themes in the early Forties. There is also an attention to the mystical eroticism of Teresa de Ávila and to an anonymous XVIth century popular song that refers to Caderon’s La vida es sueño. The list is completed with other extra-literary books dedicated to Spanish painters, which contain essays by Eugenio D’Ors and Ortega y Gasset, to the photographer Robert Capa, and to the Spanish Civil War (Orwell and H. Thomas). To this extensive list it is necessary to add two tourist guides used as a source that have never been observed before. Moreover, the influence of these works has permitted us to identify the presence of recurrent motifs linked to Spain. One novel, Menzogna e sortilegio, also allows us to study the influence of Don Quixote as a hypotext. In sum, there are two main ideas on the ‘Spain function’ identified in Morante’s works: the connection between the idea of Spain and an anthropological primitivism, and the impossibility of delineating two opposite forces: positive vs. negative, archaism vs. modernity. This oxymoronic condition also characterizes the peculiar bilingualism in Aracoeli, which finds its main strength in the hybrid construction of words. The thesis is completed with four appendices which present unpublished letters addressed to Elsa Morante from Spanish and Latin-American friends, the translations of her novels in Spain, a glossary of the Spanish terms used in her works, and a collection of images used by the writer as sources.

Abstract in English

Elsa Grave (1918-2003) is a Swedish writer, artist and composer. The aim of my study is to analyse the female character in Mödrar som vargar, (Mothers As Wolves), which is a collection of poems written in 1972.

The analysis is divided into four parts. First I analyse the figures of speech of the female “I” in the poems. In the second part I`m dealing with how she acts and relates to men. In the third part of my study I focus on how it affects her to give birth to a child and be a mother. The fourth part is about how she relates to the world and its problems in general.

I have chosen different feminist theories for my analysis. The study of how the woman character speaks is based on, among others, Lars Elleström´s theory of the conception of irony as a female way of writing. The relation between man and woman is studied from Yvonne Hirdman´s theory that there is a gender contract that rules how the two sexes act within the family. Nancy Chodorow´s theory about mothering, based on the Oeidipus complex, is the background for the part about mother and child. The fourth part about the female character and the outer world is based on Carol Gilligan´s theory that women have another kind of moral than men.

The result of my analysis shows that the woman character speaks ironically, by for example using metaphors with double meanings. My analysis also shows that the woman character as a partner is passive, emotional and inferior to the male figure. As a mother she is active and protecting, but she also speaks of the forbidden sides of motherhood, such as anger and selfishness. My analysis also shows that being a mother changes the female character´s way of looking at the world, and makes her a more responsible citizen of the world.

This thesis is a study of the narrative language of Elsa Beskow, Sweden's most famous children's writer of the early twentieth century. The overall aim of the thesis is to contribute to the understanding of why Beskow's stories are still among the most popular children's books in Sweden, more than a hundred years after her literary debut. My investigation is a quantitative study of word-class distribution, various syntactic features, and readability in four picture-books and four other stories. To begin with, Beskow's language is compared to that of other texts written for young readers, including children's fiction, a contemporary reading-book, and popular comic strips. The results indicate that Beskow has something in common with all of these materials, especially with children's fiction. However, she also has her own style, which is different from the children's fiction I compare with. For example, her sentences are comparatively long and often begin with a conjunction. Moreover, Beskow uses many address phrases and interjectional phrases, and the initial clause-constituent is often some other clause element than the subject. Additionally, Beskow's narrative language is compared to conversational language and to formal prose. The results show that Beskow moves along the whole scale, from conversation to formal writing, depending on what aspect of her language use is considered. In some cases, her style even falls outside of the scale. For example, placing the subject in initial position is less common in Beskow's writing than in both conversation and formal writing. Finally, the variation between Beskow's texts is examined. The analysis shows, among other things, that the oral influences on Beskow's style increased during the five decades she wrote stories.

Over the past five years there have been a number of radical changes in education in South Africa. Not only did South Africa accept an outcomes-based approach to teaching and learning, but new norms and standards were also accepted for teacher training. The outcomes-based approach in schools led to changes in the method and content of education in South Africa. The traditional school subjects are currently being replaced by eight learning areas. Technology is one such learning area. The implementation of the learning areas in schools implied that teacher training had to be adapted accordingly. As part of the research for this study an extensive literature study was undertaken about the background and origin of outcomes-based education, and its implications for Computer Technology Training. The standards set by the International Technology Education Association (ITEA) for Technology Education were compared with the situation currently developing in South Africa. It was established that in South Africa, in contrast with the international trend, computer skills and the development thereof by learners are not emphasised within the learning area of Technology. In South Africa the outcomes identified for the learning area of Technology do make provision for Computer Technology Training, but no provision is made for computer training or computer skills in the range statements. The purpose of using Computer Technology in education is to enable the learner to understand and use computer hardware and software effectively. Furthermore, the learner should be enabled to process information through means of the computer. It was found that most of the outcomes identified in Curriculum 2005 for the learning area of Technology are applicable to computer training. Computer Technology should be viewed as an indispensable and independent discipline within the learning area of Technology. The literature study was followed by an empirical study to determine the current state of Computer Technology Training for prospective teachers in South Africa. Universities with programmes for teacher training and teacher's training colleges in the process of incorporating with universities participated in this research. The empirical research showed that most institutions do not have sufficient hardware and software; that most institutions only train teachers in basic computer skills; and that few institutions include contents aimed at education in these curricula. Certain important themes were identified for the training of prospective teachers in Computer Technology. Respondents at universities and colleges were of the opinion that aspects such as the effective use of the computer in the school and community and the incorporation of the computer in other learning areas should receive more attention in the training of teachers. Lastly a model for Computer Technology Training for prospective teachers was developed, based on the information from the literature study and empirical research. The purpose of this model is to establish a uniform standard for the training of teachers in Computer Technology in South Africa. Aspects which were addressed in the model include the positioning of the subject within a curriculum for teacher's training; the role of outcomes-based education within Computer Technology Training; the specification of outcomes; and practical and didactic aspects which should be considered in presenting Computer Technology.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2001

Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2008.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 26).
Accurately determining the environmental impacts of specific lifestyles is a critical part of moving to reduce those impacts. However, this process is often complicated and tedious. This study strives to simplify that process by improving upon the Environmental Life Style Analysis (ELSA) model put forth by Gutowski et al. To accomplish this goal, data on the expenditures, divided between eight categories such as transportation or taxes/government services, of 24 different life styles was collected and analyzed. First, a quantity called the impact intensity, defined as the impact per dollar of expenditure, was calculated for each life style in each category. After being deflated to 1997 values, which is required by the ELSA model, these values were then averaged over each of the eight categories to correlate spending in a specific category to impact. This allowed the simplification of the model into a simple eight input version. When this model was tested using values of average expenditure for 1997, it was found to accurately calculate CO2 emissions. While the energy calculations were not particularly accurate, this is a significant step forwards. In addition, the model was able to calculate impacts for a very minimal life style, in this case a homeless man. Data pertaining to the homeless man's expenditures provided insight into the basic environmental impacts caused simply by surviving as a resident of the United States. Although more work needs to be done on this model, this study made strides forward and showed that there is significant potential for this model as a simple but accurate environmental impact calculator.
by Anthony D. Teixeira.
S.B.

O estudo Elsa-Brasil visa à investigação de fatores de risco para saúde da população adulta, sendo realizado em seis estados brasileiros. Os participantes foram submetidos, na linha de base, a diferentes exames, entre os quais a retinografia. A análise da retinografia foi realizada para identificar anormalidades de fundo de olho como retinopatia diabética, degeneração macular relacionada à idade, entre outros. Participantes com tais anomalias foram notificados em conformidade. O centro de leitura de retinografia tinha seis leitores certificados disponíveis para analisar as fotografias do fundo de olho. Os leitores foram treinados de acordo com a sua formação profissional prévia. Entre os oftalmologistas a padronização enfatizou a classificação de resultados anormais e estabelecimento dos resultados. Para estudantes de medicina, um mínimo de três meses de treinamento com um oftalmologista foi necessário antes de iniciar as leituras. O supervisor realizou controle periódico de qualidade das imagens no Centro de leitura de retinografia. No total, foram avaliadas mais de 40.000 imagens de fundo (cerca de quatro por participante). Análise de confiabilidade intra e interobservador foram realizadas para legibilidade das imagens e presença de achados anormais. Avaliaram-se as fotografias de fundo de olho de 10.648 participantes do estudo ELSA, com 52,8 ±9.2 anos, 53,5% eram mulheres e mais de 60% tinha iniciado ou concluído uma licenciatura. Os centros com maior número de participantes foram São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, Bahia e Espírito Santo, respectivamente. Cerca de 91% das imagens, tanto para olho direito como olho esquerdo, foram legíveis, 12% dos participantes apresentaram achados compatíveis com alteração ocular, demandando confirmação diagnóstica por especialista. A concordância interobservador para legibilidade e resultado da leitura (normal, alterado ou inconclusivo) obteve um coeficiente kappa moderado para ambos os olhos (entre 0,4 e 0,6). Em relação à análise intraobservador, o kappa obtido para resultado da leitura foi bom (entre 0,6 e 0,8) e para legibilidade foi moderado. Diferenças de formação e experiência entre leitores poderiam explicar tanto a variação nos coeficientes kappa para o intraobservador, quanto o kappa global. O coeficiente kappa para análise intraobservador de resultado foi bom, sendo que entre os leitores experientes houve maior concordância. Por outro lado, maior número de leitores, incluindo os com maior e menor experiência, permitiu obter coeficiente kappa moderado para análise interobservador de avaliação de anormalidades. Finalmente, os resultados mostraram adequada concordância entre observadores e os achados da retina podem ser usados para avaliar associações com desfechos clínicos incidentes nesta coorte. Os resultados indicam que a avaliação de confiabilidade intraobservador é necessária e que os leitores devem ser experientes ou treinados de forma mais consistente e por mais tempo.
The ELSA-Brasil study aims to investigate risk factors for health of adult population, being held in six Brazilian states. Participants were submitted at the baseline to different screening procedures, including the fundus photographs. The analysis of retinography was carried out in order to identify fundus abnormalities such as diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, among others. Participants with such abnormalities were notified accordingly. The Retinography Reading Center had six certified readers available to analyze the fundus photographs. Readers were trained according to their prior professional training. Among ophthalmologists the standardization emphasized the classification of abnormal findings and establishment of the results. For medical students, a minimum of three months follow-up training with an ophthalmologist was required before start the readings. The supervisor carried out periodic quality control on the images done in the Retinography Reading Center. Altogether, it was evaluated more than 40,000 images of the fundus (about four per participant). Reliability analysis was performed for intra and inter observer regarding the readability of the images and the presence of abnormal findings. We evaluated 10,648 participants for the fundus photographs of the ELSA study, aged 52.8 ±9.2 years, 53.5% were women and over 60% had started or completed an university degree. The centers with the largest number of participants were São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, Bahia and Espírito Santo, respectively. About 91% of the images, both for right eye as left eye were legible, 12% of the participants presented findings compatible with eye change, requiring diagnostic confirmation by an expert. The inter observer agreement for readability and reading result (normal, abnormal or inconclusive) obtained a coefficient kappa moderated for both eyes (between 0.4 and 0.6). In relation to intra observador analysis, the kappa coefficient obtained for result of reading was good (between 0.6 and 0.8) and for readability it was moderate. Differences in training and experience between readers could explain both, the variation in intra observer kappa coefficients, as the overall kappa. The intra observer kappa was good, whereas among experienced readers there was greater agreement. On the other hand, the greater number of readers, including the experienced and less experienced ones, allowed to achieve moderate kappa coefficients inter observer for the assessment of abnormalities. Finally, the results showed adequate agreement between observers and the retinal findings can be used to evaluate associations with incident clinical outcomes in this cohort. The results indicate that intra observer reliability assessment is required and that the readers should be experienced or trained more consistently and for longer.

Examensarbetet handlar om hur tanten framställs I text och på bild i sju bilderböcker skrivna av Elsa Beskow. Böckerna är utgivna mellan 1918 och 1945. I böckerna figurerar fem olika tanter i texten och dessa finns också på bild. Syftet med arbetet är att kunna svara på hur tanten framställs som litterär gestalt. Jag har använt följande frågor för att kunna svara på detta. Hur är hon och hur ser hon ut? Vad gör hon och i vilken miljö finns hon? Vilken är hennes sociala bakgrund? Hur ser hennes relation ut till barn? De metoder som använts för att besvara frågeställningarna har varit att studera bilderböckerna från pärm till pärm och i de fall det funnits tillgång till förstautgåvor har dessa använts. Ikanotextmetoden har använts som innebär att både text och bild vägs in i analysen. Inledningsvis finns en presentation av författaren Elsa Beskow. De teoretiska utgångspunkterna har varit persongestaltning, olika gängse bilderboksperspektiv, genusstrukturer i bilderboken och själva begreppet bilderbok. Den teoretiska modell som tillämpats är intersektionell teoribildning med ståndpunkter kring ålder, genus, kön, etnicitet och social bakgrund. Resultatet pekar på att olika typer identifierats som benämnts tant. En tant kan således se olika ut i Elsa Beskows böcker. Från att ha varit huvudrollsinnehavare i böckerna tar de steget bakåt i bilderböckerna och barnen blir huvudrollsinnehavare. Tant Nanna, som finns med i den sist utgivna boken av de sju, ska föreställa en människa till skillnad från de andra tantgestalterna som är sagofigurer.
This work deals with how the aunt is presented in the text and in the illustration in seven picturebooks written by Elsa Beskow. The books where edited between 1918 and 1945. In these books you can find five different aunts in the text and they´re also illustrated. The meaning of this work is to answer how the aunt i discribed as a litterary person. I used the following questions to be able to answer that. How is she and what does she look like? What is she doing and where kan you find her? Which is her social background? How is the relationship towards children? The mhetods I used was studying the picturebooks frpm beginning to the end and when i found firsteditions these has been studied. The ikanotextmethod has been used which means that both text and pictures are counted in the analys. At first there is a presentation of the author Elsa Beskow. In the theory there is points as caracter, different aspekts om the picturebook and the word picturebook. The model of theory has been the intersektionell theory with parts as age, gender, sex, ethnicity and social background. The result is different types of aunts are identified. An aunt can be pf several kinds in the books of Elsa Beskow. From being maincaracther the aunt steps bakwards an lets the children play the mainroles in the picturebooks.Aunt Nanna who you can find in the last edited book of the examined seven books are supposed to be a real person in the contrary to the other aunts who are fairys.

Il lavoro di tesi vuole indagare i rapporti tra La Storia di Elsa Morante e il romanzo storico tradizionale italiano, rappresentato qui dai Promessi Sposi. Si vogliono smentire le critiche di adesione a modelli anacronistici e improponibili per gli anni Settanta, rivolte alla scrittrice all'uscita del romanzo, mostrando come Elsa Morante, pur facendo riferimento a modelli tradizionali della nostra storia letteraria, li abbia poi interpretati in una prospettiva nuova, spiccatamente novecentesca e consapevole delle riflessioni della letteratura del suo tempo. Il lavoro è suddiviso in due parti: una prima sezione, più generale, vuole indagare cosa pensasse la critica del romanzo La Storia e del suo rapporto con Manzoni all'epoca della pubblicazione; il rapporto tra Morante e la tradizione, specie quella del romanzo storico; se La Storia possa rientrare o meno nel genere del romanzo storico. La seconda parte, più specifica, cerca di mettere a confronto La Storia e I Promessi Sposi, concentrandosi su alcuni aspetti, quelli principalmente accusati di anacronismo e di vicinanza a schemi ottocenteschi: il narratore, gli umili come protagonisti del romanzo, il ruolo della storia, il pubblico del romanzo, la possibilità di salvezza proposta; inoltre, si prendono in considerazione due episodi de La Storia che la critica ha considerato di derivazione manzoniana.

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Na última década, políticas de fomento à pesquisa em saúde foram estabelecidas, avançando a produção científica nacional. Tal movimento não foi acompanhado do aperfeiçoamento do arcabouço legal-institucional, dificultando o desenvolvimento dos projetos de pesquisa. Isto, inclusive no que tange às atividades de importação de equipamentos. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o processo de importação de equipamentos para o Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil). Trata-se de estudo de caso, com dados coletados em documentos internos do ELSA-Brasil em 5 Centros de investigação e respectivas fundações de apoio. Foram analisados documentos de importação de: VOP, Bioimagem e Retinografia. Adicionalmente, foram realizadas entrevistas não estruturadas com pesquisadores e informantes chaves nas fundações. Os dados foram tratados e organizados em três etapas: administrativa-operacional, cambial e fiscal. Foram calculados os intervalos de duração destas etapas de modo comparativo entre os centros. A necessidade de padronização dos equipamentos em estudo multicêntrico exigiu atuação conjunta de instituições executoras e fundações. Dos equipamentos analisados, a primeira etapa, a administrativa-operacional, teve duração variada (mínimo 8 e máximo de 101, com média de 55 dias), sendo mais demorada quando incluía pareceres jurídicos. A segunda etapa, a cambial, mais longa que a primeira, não apresentou entraves ao processo (mínimo 11 e máximo 381, média de 196 dias). A terceira etapa, a fiscal, a mais longa (mínimo 43 e máximo 388 dias, média de 215,5 dias), devido à liberação dos equipamentos sem registro no país. Outros fatores que representaram entraves: inexperiência dos centros de investigação e das instituições em trabalhar em rede; inadequação da legislação nacional às especificidades da pesquisa científica; e falta de profissionais especializados em gestão de projeto científico. Os resultados evidenciam morosidade no processo de importação de equipamentos para pesquisa no Brasil, devido, especialmente, à entraves de ordem legal, burocrática e gerencial.

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Na última década, políticas de fomento à pesquisa em saúde foram estabelecidas, avançando a produção científica nacional. Tal movimento não foi acompanhado do aperfeiçoamento do arcabouço legal-institucional, dificultando o desenvolvimento dos projetos de pesquisa. Isto, inclusive no que tange às atividades de importação de equipamentos. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o processo de importação de equipamentos para o Estudo Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil). Trata-se de estudo de caso, com dados coletados em documentos internos do ELSA-Brasil em 5 Centros de investigação e respectivas fundações de apoio. Foram analisados documentos de importação de: VOP, Bioimagem e Retinografia. Adicionalmente, foram realizadas entrevistas não estruturadas com pesquisadores e informanteschaves nas fundações. Os dados foram tratados e organizados em três etapas: administrativa-operacional, cambial e fiscal. Foram calculados os intervalos de duração destas etapas de modo comparativo entre os centros. A necessidade de padronização dos equipamentos em estudo multicêntrico exigiu atuação conjunta de instituições executoras e fundações. Dos equipamentos analisados, a primeira etapa, a administrativa-operacional, teve duração variada (mínimo 8 e máximo de 101, com média de 55 dias), sendo mais demorada quando incluía pareceres jurídicos. A segunda etapa, a cambial, mais longa que a primeira, não apresentou entraves ao processo (mínimo 11 e máximo 381, média de 196 dias). A terceira etapa, a fiscal, a mais longa (mínimo 43 e máximo 388 dias, média de 215,5 dias), devido à liberação dos equipamentos sem registro no país. Outros fatores que representaram entraves: inexperiência dos centros de investigação e das instituições em trabalhar em rede; inadequação da legislação nacional às especificidades da pesquisa científica; e falta de profissionais especializados em gestão de projeto científico. Os resultados evidenciam morosidade no processo de importação de equipamentos para pesquisa no Brasil, devido, especialmente, à entraves de ordem legal, burocrática e gerencial.

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A prevalência de Diabetes Mellitus tem aumentado no Brasil e o tratamento visa o controle glicêmico mediante o uso de medicamentos e mudanças de comportamento por meio da alimentação, prática de atividades físicas e manutenção do peso corporal adequado. Recomenda-se o consumo de alimentos com menor índice glicêmico e aqueles que promovam aumento da sensibilidade muscular à insulina para um melhor controle metabólico. Objetivo: Investigar a associação entre o consumo alimentar e o controle glicêmico em diabéticos. Método: Estudo transversal realizado com todos os participantes da linha de base do ELSA-Brasil em uso de medicação antidiabética. A variável desfecho foi a hemoglobina glicada (HbA1C), e a variável de exposição foi o consumo dos nutrientes e substâncias (carboidratos, proteínas, lipídeos, fibras e álcool) em quintis de ingestão diária. As variáveis de ajuste foram as sociodemográficas, o tipo de medicação antidiabética, estado nutricional e prática de atividade física. Foram realizadas análises bivariadas e modelos de regressão logística. O nível de significância de 5% e o intervalo de confiança de 95% foram adotados. Resultados: Da amostra de 1.092 participantes, 61% estavam com a HbA1C controlada, a medicação mais usada foi o hipoglicemiante oral (86,6%), 82,5% apresentavam excesso de peso, 62,2% com medida inadequada da circunferência da cintura e 96,5% eram inativos fisicamente. Em homens, ter menor renda per capita (OR = 2,656; IC 95%; 1,608-4,389) e usar insulina (OR = 4,433; IC 95%; 2,011-9,771) foram associados à HbA1C não controlada. Em mulheres, além da menor renda per capita (OR = 2,175; IC 95%; 1,305-3,624) e uso isolado de insulina (OR = 6,751; IC 95%; 2,610-17,463), o uso combinado das medicações (OR = 10,10; IC 95%; 4,477-22,784) estavam associados à HbA1C não controlada. Entre as mulheres o consumo alimentar apresentou associação com a HbA1C e revelou que o menor consumo de proteínas (OR = 0,464; IC 95%; 0,251-0,858), de lipídeos (OR = 0,530; IC 95%; 0,282-0,998) e de gorduras poliinsaturadas (OR = 0,492; IC 95%; 0,257-0,940) diminuíram a chance de ter HbA1C acima de 7%. Conclusão: Os fatores nutricionais foram associados ao controle glicêmico somente em mulheres, e ter menor renda e usar insulina aumentou a chance dos diabéticos, de ambos os sexos, apresentarem HbA1C não controlada. Palavras-chave: Diabetes Mellitus; Dieta; Hemoglobina A Glicosilada.

Scopo della presente tesi è di indagare le risposte della teoria e dei movimenti femministi nella letteratura italiana contemporanea. Sono state scelte pertanto due scrittrici come rappresentative di due importanti momenti storici, ovvero la Morante che ha vissuto direttamente l'estensione del voto alle donne e la Ferrante, che ha invece visto l'allargamento dei diritti femminili, in particolare aborto e divorzio. Si tratta di temi di estrema importanza per la cultura e letteratura italiana, di cui si cerca corrispondenza nell'evoluzione dei personaggi femminili delle due scrittrici.

In recent years there has been a growing recognition by the Government that to raise academic attainment requires a more holistic view of children's needs (DfES, 2003b, DfES 2005a; 2005b). This realisation has led to a number of Government initiatives focusing on the importance of emotional literacy (El) in education (Children Act 2004; DfES, 2003b; DfES 2005a; 2005b; NHS & DCSF, 2007). In the context of the foregoing, this mixed methods research evaluated an intervention taking place in a local Authority (LA) in north-east England aimed at developing children's emotional wellbeing, the Emotional Literacy Support Assistant (ELSA) project. The evaluation focused on the impact of an ELSA project on support assistants' self-efficacy for working with children and children's emotional selfefficacy beliefs. Originality was achieved as the former concept had not been investigated before and previous research into the latter concept was limited to the USA (Suldo & Shaffer, 2007) and Netherlands (Muris, 2001). The impact of the ELSA project on support assistants' self-efficacy for working with children and children's emotional self-efficacy was examined using a cross sectional investigation. A pre-post control group investigation was also used to further investigate the impact of the ELSA project on support assistants' selfefficacy for working with children. Measures of the aforementioned concepts did not exist in the literature. Therefore, through facilitating focus groups with the ElSAs and children to explore their constructs of the concepts, this study developed two new and highly consistent questionnaires. It was hypothesised that support assistants' self-efficacy beliefs for working with children would increase post ELSA training and that they would be higher than those of non-ELSA trained support assistants. It was also hypothesised that the emotional self-efficacy beliefs of children who had received ELSA support would be higher than those of children who had not received ELSA support. Both the quantitative and qualitative results supported the hypotheses and the ELSA project was found to have a positive impact on support assistants' and children's selfefficacy beliefs. Support assistants which were found to have the greatest impact on children's emotional self-efficacy beliefs had: completed the ELSA training, protected time to plan their ELSA work and protected time to attend refresher training events. The implications of these findings for future research, Educational Psychologists and educational practice are considered.

I denna uppsatsen studeras de svenska samtida hästnamnen som finns 2016 och syftet har varit att kategorisera namnen och jämföra utifrån ett könsperspektiv. Namnen hämtades från försäkringsbolaget Agria och utgjorde totalt 396 namn, således 198 namn per kön. Det visade sig att namnbeståndet skiljer sig åt mellan könen på hästarna vilket tyder på en könsskillnad. Det är vanligare att sto får personnamn medan valack/hingst har mer tendens att få ett fiktivt namn. Namnen i sig visar sig ha likheter i viss mån med det som tidigare studier har visat, men en viss förändring har skett. Det tyder på att en högre grad av en humanisering av hästarna har gjorts och samma könsmönster som är i människors namn finns även i deras.

This thesis takes a representative selection of Triolet's works to study the themes of writing and creativity as they are presented in the novels. These are all portraits of artists and the accounts of the search for a synthesis of aesthetic freedom and ethical responsibility. It considers Triolet's importance as a foreign writer, adopting a new creative language to be adopted by a different cultural environment, to be essential in understanding her importance to the French literary tradition. By emphasising her formative years in the avant-garde circles of prerevolutionary Russia, my study demonstrates her considerable contribution to the meeting of Russian and French aesthetic theories. I extend this with close textual readings of certain works to demonstrate her techniques in novelistic construction which reveal many Formalist practices before Formalist works in translation made their official influence on creative methods. The introduction considers the reasons for Triolet's neglect as a writer. It then considers various contemporary and recent critical appraisals which indicate the interest she has received until present and which allow me to define my own critical approach. Part One traces Triolet's literary evolution from her formative years in Russia, through exile to her first publications in Russian. It then considers her insertion into French literary activity, and her association with the schools of socialist realism and the "nouveau roman". Part Two examines two traditional novels which portray the creative and metaphorical roles of the artist and his work, showing the constant conflict between private and public lives. In Part Three, I show how aspects of novelistic traditionalism are gradually foregrounded so that the work develops a dual-sided character where it both narrates and examines the processes of its own narration. In Part Four, this move to highly self-conscious aesthetics demonstrates an idiosyncratic exploration of new paths for the novel that bring visual, auditive and cinematographic media into the traditional domain of written art. Accompanying the very post-modernist experimentation, I show how this research within the novel into the novel's own future has an ethical and redemptive purpose whose final conclusion is that creativity and human freedom are inexorably interwoven.

Os transtornos mentais comuns (TMC) são estimados como a terceira causa mais frequente de morbidade em adultos. Estudos epidemiológicos têm demonstrado altas prevalências entre trabalhadores brasileiros, o que demonstra que os TMC são um problema de saúde pública e precisam ser melhor investigados em nosso meio. A presente tese foi desenvolvida com o objetivo de investigar a associação entre estresse no trabalho e TMC e seus sintomas em adultos da faixa etária de 35 a 74 anos. A amostra foi composta por 11755 trabalhadores civis da linha de base do ELSA-Brasil (2008-2010). Informações sobre as características sociodemográficas, hábitos de vida, autopercepção em saúde, saúde mental e características do trabalho foram referidas pelos participantes durante as entrevistas padronizadas nos Centros de Pesquisa do ELSA. Para analisar a associação entre estresse no trabalho e os desfechos em saúde mental foram utilizados modelos de regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. A prevalência observada de TMC nos homens com baixo apoio social foi de 33.2% entre aqueles com alta exigência no trabalho (alta demanda e baixo controle), 27.8% naqueles com trabalho ativo (alta demanda e alto controle), 24.3% nos com trabalho passivo (baixa demanda e baixo controle) e 14.7% nos com baixa exigência (baixa demanda e alto controle). Já entre as mulheres, esses valores foram de 52.9%. 42.5%, 39.2% e 26.6%, respectivamente. Em todas as características analisadas, os TMC foram mais frequentes entre as mulheres. Após ajustes, associações independentes foram encontradas entre os participantes com alto nível educacional e baixo apoio social combinados com alta exigência (RP = 1.95; IC 95%: 1.67-2.28), trabalho ativo (RP = 1.82; IC 95% 1.57-2.11) e trabalho passivo (RP = 1.24; IC 95% 1.05 -1.47). O trabalho ativo e a alta exigência realizados com baixo apoio social no trabalho, foram associados aos TMC em ambos os sexos. Em relação aos sintomas que constituem os TMC, os mais comuns nessa amostra foram preocupação, fadiga e distúrbio do sono, com prevalências de 37.5%, 21.8% e 28.6%, entre os homens, e 46.9%, 48.7% e 38.2%, entre as mulheres, respectivamente. As dimensões alta demanda e baixo apoio social e os quadrantes com alta exigência e trabalho ativo foram associados com os sintomas mentais comuns em ambos os sexos. Baixo controle e trabalho passivo apresentaram resultados distintos, onde os homens, em geral, não estiveram associados aos desfechos e as mulheres tiveram associações fracas. Os achados do presente estudo sustentam a hipótese de que o estresse no trabalho, avaliado a partir de características psicossociais, está associado aos transtornos mentais comuns e seus sintomas.
Common mental disorders (CMD) are estimated as the third most frequent cause of morbidity in adults. Epidemiological studies have shown high prevalence among Brazilian workers demonstrating that CMD are a public health problem and need to be further investigated in our midst. The present thesis has been developed in order to investigate the association between job strain and CMD (and its symptoms) in adults between 35-74 years old. The sample consisted of 11755 current civil workers from ELSA-Brasil baseline (2008-2010). Information about sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle habits, self-rated general health, mental health and work characteristics were reported by the participants during standardized interviews in ELSA Research Centers. Poisson regression models were performed in order to estimate the association of job strain and mental health outcomes. The observed prevalence of CMD in men with low social support was 33.2% among those with high job strain (high demand and low control), 27.8% in those with active work (high demand and high control), 24.3% in those with passive work (low demand and low control) and 14.7% in those with low strain (low demand and high control). Among women, these values were 52.9%. 42.5%, 39.2% and 26.6%, respectively. In all characteristics, CMD were more common among women. After adjustment, independent associations were found between participants with high educational level and low social support job combined with high strain (PR = 1.95; 95% CI: 1.67 to 2.28), active job (PR = 1.82 95% CI: 1.57 to 2.11) and passive job (PR = 1.24; 95% CI: 1.05 -1.47). The high strain and the active job, performed with low social support were associated with CMD in both sexes. Regarding CMD symptoms, the most common in our sample were worry, fatigue and sleep disturbances, with prevalence of 37.5%, 21.8% and 28.6% among men and 46.9%, 48.7% and 38.2% among women, respectively. The high demand and low social support dimensions and the high strain and active job quadrants were associated with the common mental symptoms in both sexes. Low control and passive job showed distinct results where men had no associations with outcomes and women had weak associations. The findings of this study support the hypothesis that job strain, evaluated based on psychosocial characteristics, is associated with common mental disorders and its symptoms.

En proie, depuis quinze ans, à des rêveries incessantes dont les protagonistes ne sont autres que ses ascendants, anoblis par son imagination, la narratrice de Menzogna e sortilegio espère guérir de son délire fabulateur, qu'elle met sur le compte d'une prétendue “maladie héréditaire”, en remplaçant ses anciennes légendes familiales par les chroniques familiales que lui dictent ses morts. Mais, en parcourant ces “chroniques”, on ne tarde guère à s'apercevoir du caractère mystificateur de l'écriture médiumnique et thérapeutique d'Elisa : il s'agit en réalité d'une supercherie à laquelle la narratrice recourt afin de continuer à fuir la réalité et à cultiver son penchant pour la menzogna sous une autre forme, et sous le couvert de la thérapie. Ses ascendants deviennent alors des doubles, sur lesquels la narratrice projette ses fantasmes, ses désirs, ses névroses et son roman familial. Et l'écriture elle-même devient, pour cette “religieuse cloîtrée” (c'est ainsi qu'elle se définit) une forme de revanche sur la vie et sur les siens. Mais cette nouvelle tentative d'escamoter le réel débouche, en fin de compte, sur la découverte d'une véritable vocation littéraire
For fifteen years the authoress of Menzogna e sortilegio has been a prey to ceaseless dreams, whose heroes are just her ancestors enobled by her imagination. She hopes she can get rid of her narrating delirium, that she ascribes to the so-called “hereditary disease”, by replacing her old family legends with the family news dictated by her beloved dead. But, while running along that piece of news, it doesn't take a long time to get aware of the mystifications of Elisa's mediumistic and therapeutic writing : as a matter of fact, it is an abuse to which the narrator resorts in order to keep escaping from reality and improving her tendency to menzogna in a different shape and under a covering therapy. So her ancestors become just like doubles on which the narrator projects her phantoms, her wishes, her neurosis and her family romance. The very writing becomes a sort of revenge on life and on her family for this “cloistered nun” (as she defines herself). But, after all, this new attempt of doing away with the reality leads up to the discovery of a real literary vocation

This essay contents a theme-centred study of Elsa Grave’s poetry. It presents an all-pervading featured doom-theme and illuminates three motifs and attitudes through which the theme is featured. The presentation includes analyses that bear in mind the double perspectives within Grave’s poems – the subjective and the universal, where also an omnipresent political attitude is represented. The structure of the essay is constituted in the division of the three motifs: an-nihilation and resignation, motherhood and opposition and underworld and retrogression. Symbols adhered to the theme is presented and analysed in the examining text. The study uses and relates to facts about Graves’ life and recounts for her childhood’s visit in a mine that reflects in the metaphorical language of the poems. The survey exposition shows how Grave’s writing thematic and symbolic consistently returns to the underworld of the mine, where also the study comes down and finishes.

Elsa Fougt (1744–1826), a woman entrepreneur, was one of the leading figures in the late eighteenth-century Swedish book trade. Her main enterprise was the printing house Kongl. Tryckeriet (the Royal Printing House), which was responsible for printing and publishing the official documents of the Swedish realm. Besides her office as Royal Printer, she also ran a publishing house, two bookshops and a type foundry, as well as being the editor of the Swedish newspaper Stockholms Weckoblad. The dissertation analyzes Fougt's different enterprises and her position in the book trade between 1780 and 1810, from the perspectives of sociology of literature and gender history. It consists of five independent articles, preceded by an introductory chapter which summarizes the articles and discusses their main findings. The first two articles explore the office of the Royal Printer during the whole eighteenth century, while the third article concerns Elsa Fougt’s position as Royal Printer. The fourth article is a study of Fougt's publishing house, and the fifth and final article focuses on her international bookshop, where, among other things, she sold clandestine books imported from the STN in Switzerland. Fougt's successful career was made possible by a number of favourable circumstances, the most important being her family background and network. Her father Peter Momma held the office of Royal Printer, and Elsa Fougt and her husband Henric inherited his position when he died. When Henric passed away in 1782, Elsa – as a widow – was legally allowed to take up the office of Royal Printer independently. The fact that Elsa Fougt was a woman does not seem to have particularly affected her role as Royal Printer. In comparison with her predecessors, her position as Royal Printer appears to have been rather strong. She was a shrewd businesswoman who successfully negotiated with the authorities for higher financial compensation. Her office was obviously of greater importance than her gender. Being both a publisher, a printer, and a bookseller, Fougt handled most of the functions of the book trade, although she distinguished between these different functions. Furthermore, rather than just being an intermediary of books, she also took part in the creation of them, for example by initiating texts and editing manuscripts. In the book trade of her time, Fougt can be seen as both a traditionalist – holding the inherited office of Royal Printer – and an innovator, representing a more modern literary system with increased specialization.

Min vetenskapliga essä har som utgångspunkt en händelse då en pojke valde att bryta mot gängse könsrollstänkande. Pojken ville i en lek ha den kvinnliga huvudrollen, vilket motarbetades av några av de andra barnen. Det innebar för oss pedagoger att vi måste hitta en väg där vi beaktade pojkens önskemål utan att avfärda kamraternas. I min essä redogör jag hur vi pedagoger arbetade för att nå fram till ett förhållningssätt som gagnade såväl barn, pedagoger som föräldrar. Essän utgår från följande tre frågeställningar: Hur ska pedagogerna förhålla sig i arbetet med genusfrågor på förskolan? Vad har kamratkulturer för påverkan gällande könsroller i förskolan? Hur samverkar förskolan med hemmet i arbetet med genus? Essän är inspirerad av teorier om "härskartekniker" som beskriver hur vi människor stöter på dagligen under olika sammanhang. Härskartekniker används av vuxna såväl som barn oavsett kön. Med syfte att skaffa sig makt genom att trycka ner andra. I min händelse ser vi hur barn använde denna teknik mot varandra för att styra i leken. En annan viktig teori för essän är den om lekens betydelse som belyser hur barn i leken skapar relationer i samspel. Leken ger också utrymme att hantera olika konflikter samt utvecklar självkänsla och identitet. Jag har genom litteraturen fått många idéer om hur jag som pedagog kan arbeta med berörda frågor. Jag har också insett att någon "slutlösning" inte finns- och inte heller bör finnas. Allt genus och jämställdhetsarbete i förskolan går ut på in lyssnande och dialog. Målet är att sträva mot att uppnå acceptans för allas val och att könet inte avgör vem som gör något.

This study aimed to contribute to the small evidence base on the Emotional Literacy Support Assistant (ELSA) project. The ELSA project is an Educational Psychologist led training programme for Teaching Assistants’ (TA) providing modular input combining background psychological theory with practical guidance to meet the emotional needs of pupils in the context of a school (Burton, 2008). Existing research (Burton, Osborne and Norgate, 2010) has demonstrated that the ELSA project has a significant impact on teaching assistants’ perceptions of pupil emotional literacy and behavioural adjustment. However, current evaluations are unable to demonstrate if these impacts are recognised by the pupils themselves. This research aimed to explore the perceptions of recently trained ELSAs regarding their role and training in supporting the development of emotional well-being. The study was also interested in exploring whether there the ELSA project has a measurable impact on pupils’ emotional well-being. A pragmatic, mixed methods design is discussed, first in terms of a pre-test – post-test non-equivalent groups design, quantitative method that included 5 TA and 5 pupil experimental group participants and 1 TA and 5 pupil comparison group participants. The Emotional Literacy Checklist (Faupel, 2003) and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (Goodman, 1997) measured pre and post-test changes in teacher and pupil participant scores. Secondly qualitative methods included thematic analyses of focus group and questionnaire data gathered at different time points from the recently trained ELSAs. It was not possible to determine whether the ELSA project had an impact on pupils’ emotional well-being. However, thematic analyses suggested that participants perceived the ELSA training to be of value in terms of their personal and professional development and the support gained. There was also evidence to suggest that participants shared a perception that the perceptions of their colleagues regarding their role and time restraints were a primary challenge to their role. Professional implications of these findings and future research, in light of methodological limitations, are discussed.

A doença renal crônica (DRC) é um problema de saúde pública mundial. Além de ser reconhecida como um ônus econômico significativo para a sociedade, está associada a altas taxas de morbidade e mortalidade. Assim, para as políticas de saúde pública, é de suma importância a detecção precoce dos seus fatores de risco relacionados aos desfechos desfavoráveis. As doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) já são reconhecidas por sua influência no desfecho da doença renal, mas a relação da calcificação coronariana (CAC) e DRC na fase inicial ainda é controversa. Nosso objetivo é avaliar se há uma associação independente entre a função renal e a CAC em um estudo transversal de coorte brasileira. Métodos: Os participantes do estudo ELSA-Brasil (N=4189) que realizaram exame de CAC foram categorizados em três grupos de taxa de filtração glomerular estimada (TFGe): G1, no estágio 1 (40,2% de participação), G2, no estágio 2 (55,7%), e G3, do estágio 3 ao 5 (4,1%). Também foram classificados em três níveis, de acordo com a razão albumina/creatinina urinária (RAC): A1, com RAC < 30 mg/g (95,6% de participação), A2, com RAC 30-300 mg/g (4%), e A3, com RAC > 300 mg/g (0,4%). A análise da associação entre CAC e os dois marcadores da DRC (TFGe e RAC) foi realizada por meio do método de regressão logística. Resultados: A regressão logística univariada demonstrou que a redução da TFGe apresentou forte relação com a presença de CAC. O risco relativo de CAC em comparação ao G1 foi de 1,94 (IC 95%, 1,67-2,24) para G2 e de 4,51 (IC 95%, 3,29-6,19) para G3. Entretanto, após o ajuste de idade e de outros fatores de riscos cardiovasculares, essa correlação foi atenuada completamente. Em relação à RAC, o grupo RAC > 300 mg/g apresentou associação positiva e a chance de CAC aumentou para 320%, comparada aos indivíduos sem albuminúria. Conclusão: O presente estudo demonstrou que o risco de calcificação coronariana aumenta precocemente na fase inicial da DRC. As maiores chances de calcificação foram detectadas em participantes com albuminúria > 300 mg/g, independentemente dos fatores de riscos tradicionais e idade. O exame de albuminuria pode refletir presença de calcificação coronariana em indivíduos assintomáticos
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide public health problem. As well as being recognized as posing a significant economic burden to society, it is also associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Thus, early detection of its risk factors associated with unfavorable outcomes is of paramount importance for public health policy. The influence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) on the outcome of renal disease has been recognized, but the relationship of coronary calcification (CAC) and CKD in the initial phase remains controversial. Our objective is to evaluate whether there is an independent association between renal function and coronary calcification in a cross-sectional Brazilian cohort. Methods: Participants in the ELSA-Brazil Study (N = 4189) who underwent CAC testing were categorized into three groups of estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR): G1, stage 1 (40.2% of participants), G2, stage 2 (55.7 %) and G3, stages 3 to 5 (4.1%). They were also classified into three levels according to the urinary albumin / creatinine ratio (ACR): A1 ACR < 30 mg/g (95.6% of participants), A2, ACR 30-300 mg/g (4%) and A3, ACR > 300 mg/g (0.4%). Analysis of the association between CAC and the two markers of CKD (GFR and ACR) was performed using the logistic regression method. Results: Univariate logistic regression showed that reduction of eGFR was strongly associated with the presence of CAC. The relative risk of CAC compared to G1 was 1.94 (95% CI, 1.67-2.24) for G2 and 4.51 (95% CI, 3.29-6.19) for G3. However, after adjusting for age and other cardiovascular risk factors, this association was completely attenuated. As for the ACR, the group with ACR > 300 mg/g showed a positive association and the chance of CAC increased to 320%, compared to those without albuminuria. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the risk of coronary calcification increases early in the initial phase of CKD. A higher chance of calcification was detected in participants with albuminuria > 300 mg/g, irrespective of traditional risk factors or age. Testing for albuminuria could reflect the presence of coronary calcification in asymptomatic individuals

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QFA tem sido o instrumento de escolha para a obtenção das informações dietéticas em estudos epidemiológicos, especialmente aqueles relacionados às DCNT. Muitos QFAs têm sido elaborados para a realização de inquéritos epidemiológicos nacionais, buscando a avaliação da dieta habitual da população a ser estudada, mas a maior parte desses estudos apresenta uma lista extensa de alimentos, com tendência a apresentar maior índice de não resposta, elevando o tempo e o custo dos estudos. Objetivo. Desenvolver versão reduzida do QFA ELSA-Brasil e estudar a validade relativa do QFA versão reduzida. Métodos. A partir do QFA ELSA-Brasil com 114 itens alimentares realizou-se a redução da lista por regressão linear múltipla, frequência de consumo e composição nutricional dos alimentos. Foi conduzida análise de sensibilidade e kappa na qual foi avaliada a concordância entre os métodos (QFA orginal e QFA reduzido) por meio da classificação dos indivíduos segundo a distribuição em tercis de consumo de energia e nutrientes. Foram apresentados os somatórios dos percentuais de concordâncias exata e adjacente. Para avaliação da validade os valores de energia e nutrientes dos RA foram deatenuados e as variáveis de ambos os métodos (QFA e RA) foram log transformados, foi aplicado correlação de Pearson, correlação intraclasse, além da sensibilidade e kappa para avaliar concordância. Para avaliar diferenças e vieses de energia e nutrientes obtidos entre os métodos (QFA reduzido registros alimentares), foram construídos gráficos com as diferenças absolutas entre os valores no eixo das ordenadas e a média de ingestão calculada por meio dos três registros alimentares nas abscissas. Resultados. Foi obtida redução aproximada de 33% da lista de alimentos original. Assim, a nova lista contém 76 itens alimentares. Com relação a validação os coeficientes de correlação intraclasse variaram de 0,17 (selênio) a 0,66 (cálcio). Foi encontrado valores de somatório da distribuição exata mais adjacente acima de 60% de concordância entre os métodos QFA e RA. Conclusão. Tendo em vista os resultados deste estudo, conclui-se que seus objetivos foram alcançados. O QFA ELSA-Brasil foi reduzido de 114 itens alimentares para 76, redução aproximada de 33%, e ainda assim foi possível manter a capacidade de medir relativamente bem energia e os nutrientes selecionados, obtendo ótima concordância e correlação com o QFA original.

Fra gli autografi del "Mondo salvato dai ragazzini" di Elsa Morante, conservati presso la Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale di Roma, oltre a vario materiale preparatorio utile a ricostruire il percorso genetico dell’opera, compare una prima stesura, completa e inedita, della "Serata a Colono". All’edizione di questo testo preliminare, seguirà un’analisi degli elementi stilistici e strutturali che generano lo scarto compositivo fra l’inedito e la commedia pubblicata nel 1968.