Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Élus locaux'
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Robert, Elian. "Des médecins élus locaux en Aquitaine." Phd thesis, Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux IV, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00287552.
Full textConsidérant qu'il n'est pas pertinent de chercher un modèle général d'analyse pour un ensemble d'agents, de trajectoires et de contextes marqué par une grande hétérogénéité, elle fait le choix d'observer les différents espaces de reconnaissance que doit franchir le médecin quand il se trouve engagé dans ce type de situation. L'appartenance à la profession médicale constitue une ressource d'éligibilité pour les médecins d'un double point de vue. Ils appartiennent à une profession différenciée au sein de la société française et l'exercice de leur rôle professionnel facilite la différentiation de leur personne dans la vie locale. Le pouvoir symbolique atrribué aux médecins résultede leur capacité à incarner une réalité signifiante plus étendue que ce qu'ils peuvent produire en tant qu'agents.
Quand ils participent à l'agir public local, les médecins élus locaux se différencient des autres élus locaux par l'implicztion d'une partie d'entre eux dans le secteur sanitaire et social. Mais ils sont aussi semblables aux autres élus lorsqu'ils doivent s'adapter aux propriétés contextuelles qui contraignent la compétence d'élu local.
Robert, Élian. "Des médecins élus locaux en Aquitaine." Bordeaux 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR40029.
Full textLandot, Éric. "L'intérêt personnel des élus locaux en droit administratif français." Paris 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA020087.
Full textPognot, Jean-Raphaël. "La déontologie des élus." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Corte, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022CORT0020.
Full textTraditionally presented as a set of duties imposed within a profession, deontology has emancipateditself from this definition. It has been linked to the function of elected official and is illustrated in rulesthat are much more diverse than mere duties. The deontology of elected officials aims to regulate thebehaviour of elected officials. The interest of such a development is twofold: the increasedintegration–in the world of law–of the notion of deontology, and the restoration of trust betweenelected officials and citizens. Thus, the aims of this study are multiple. This thesis aims to clarify thecontours of the deontology of elected officials while demonstrating the interest of the latter. In thisrespect, many principles can be identified within the deontology of elected officials. Some can beconsidered as guiding principles such as probity, exemplarity, independence or objectivity. On theother hand, transparency cannot be considered as a comparable deontological requirement. Itappears only as a means of making the whole of the deontology of elected officials effective. The latter still involves a multitude of actors. The ordinary citizen, the High Authority for Transparency of PublicLife and even the official himself play a role in ethical control. However, particularly in the case ofmisconduct relating to deontology, multiple responsibilities may be incurred. This diversity is theconsequence of the great heterogeneity of the sources of deontology. It fluctuates between the mostrigid legal sources and the most flexible legal sources. Therefore, looking at the deontology of electe dofficials is also a way to study the notion of deontology itself
Janicot, Laetitia. "Les droits des élus, membres des collectivités territoriales." Paris 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA020089.
Full textBonerandi, Emmanuelle. "Devenir des espaces ruraux en crise et élus locaux : l'exemple de la Thiérache." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010510.
Full textThis work set out the case of a rural area involved in a complex demographic, socioeconomic and spatial crisis, and brings its future to light, especially through the local elected representatives actions (i. E. Mayors, departmental and regional councillors, deputies ones). The issue of the local elected representatives role in the destiny of the rural areas in crisis leads one to question the existence and nature of their plans and actions, and then the relevance of theses ones to involve new dynamics able to leads a territory in decay toward its recomposition. The first part of this work stress on the crisis and mutation characteristics of the Thiérache region with a statistical processes. The mains variables of demographic, socioeconomic and spatial rupture are put in light, but with a particular care brought to the landscapes analysis in their diversity and evolution. In a second part, my research deals especially with the thierache elected members in action, using the qualitative data processing of local inquiries in the town councils. It means a systematic approach of the local elected representatives on their home ground, of their role and place in the evolution of a rural area in crisis. A typology of the actions has been made, dealing with maintenance, equipment, planning and development. Its combination with the communal evolution types allows to show several types of local elected representatives (leader /employment defender /planner / everyday manager). The third part of the study deals with the intercommunal level. We try to link the local development question with the emergence and the hard construction of new territories. One can shows the rural planning and local development actions managed in thierache with, at the same time, a national chronology of the events ('syndicat mixte pour le developpement de la Thiérache', 'p. A. R. ', 'contrats de pays', 'communautés de communes'), and try an appraisal of the efficacy and reality of the measures on the Thiérache future
Champion, Olivier-David. "Cycles d'investissements et cycles électoraux dans les communes françaises." Montpellier 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON10052.
Full textGodmer, Laurent Robert. "Les mutations du capital représentatif : la sélection des représentants régionaux." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010325.
Full textVignon, Sébastien. "Des maires en campagne : les logiques de (re)construction d'un rôle politique spécifique." Amiens, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AMIE0053.
Full textGaboriau, Vincent. "Les cabinets des executifs locaux." Angers, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ANGE0014.
Full textThis study of the political advisers of mayors, departemental council presidents and regional council presidents aims at demonstrating that private interset assignment is the main element wich features advisers positions. From the very beginning of the assignment of the advisers at the feudal time to its official recognition among local collectivities in 1984, this assignment comes out through the advisers' duties. The elected member's liberty and the confidence between this latter and his adviser constitute the two basic principales, principales which result from the private interest assignment. From this assignment follows the insubordination of advisers' statute to civil service rules. The legislative and the executive branch, by momentarily extending provisions - wich were applicable to civil servants or impermanent staff and adaptable to advisers positions - to advisers have thus created and imperfect statue
Le, Moël Béatrice. "Bande marine côtière et élus locaux : de la représentation à la prise de décision." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MON30046.
Full textAbstract : The coastal land strip, beyond being physical space attached to communal land territories, is today a focal point of heightening socio-economic issues, with significant risks of marine flooding and submersion. The majority of elected representatives on the front line facing these various issues seem to consider that the sea is beyond their jurisdiction. We postulate that without overhaul of this viewpoint, no long term decision can be envisaged. To accompany this new viewpoint, we recommend the study of representations, which are true breeding grounds for information that can help in identifying what holds back and what facilitates decision-making. The objective of the present study is to understand the representation that the locally elected have of the coastal and marine territory and further, the pathways in decision making. Linking a population of a certain social standing with a physical social object led us to develop a multi-dimensional methodology whose uniqueness resides in the mobilisation of the anchoring process, this for the study of social and icono-spatial representations, and how they interlink. We have established various correlations founded on analysis techniques used in social psychology and the theory of social representations, this by way of three key tools : a questionnaire, a hand-drawn map and a scenario of marine submersion. Three areas of research ensued. The first deployed the methodology to discern the social and icono-spatial representations. The second was to reveal the link between the contents of social and icono-spatial representations by establishing a correlation between a type of drawing and type of elected representative. The third area of research aimed to demonstrate that certain anchoring points of a stabilised representation (municipal politics) by their interlinking with an emerging representation focussed on an environmental social object (marine submersion) constituted potential indicators of social acceptability of the problem.Overall, this study suggests a strong interest for the map method for the study of this type of social physical object under the guise of the mobilisation of an anchoring process. This is particularly efficient in further structuring the methods to understand man-territory relationships
Dauba, Caroline. "Le statut de l'élu local entre droits et contraintes." Avignon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AVIG2012.
Full textIn the context of elected roles, this thesis explores the issues surrounding the status of locally elected officials. Examination of accessibility and the exercise of the various elective duties reveals that the rights of elected officials have in fact hardly progressed. The question of remuneraion is at the centre of the debate. Some suggest that currently this is too high for what is in effect a voluntary role and which therefore is overly costly of local democracy. Others the majority, resent the fact that remuneration is often insufficient to compensate the loss of salaried income which arises from the sacrifice of time given over to civil duties. Caught in the cross fire, the level of remuneration is re-evaluated infrequently and all other forms of benefit deriving from the exercising compatible with carrying out normal professional duties (leave of absence, overtime, return to wor. . ), pension benefits or indeed the protection of elected officials in the carrying out of their duties. And because at the same obtaining the right talent is insufficiently rewarded, it is apparent that the total remunerative package awarded to locally elected officials in order to carry out their duties is insufficient. This package relates not only to material benefits but also institutional benefits. In fact, over and above the simple fact of carrying out duties, the question arises over the ability of all elected officials to participate in local issues. The key objective of consultative meetings, is that they are intended to guarantee the right of freedom of information and the right of participation. These rights are inalienable in the context of elected roles, and although the intention is that candidates carry out majority decisions, they seem insufficient to give elected officials the power to oppose a real issue. In parallel with the slow progression of the rights of elected officials, the constraints of office by contrast are in fact increasing. These constraints begin during the candidacy phase. In fact, in order to alleviate the legitimate concern of access to elected functions, the legislative powers have complicated electoral procedure to such a point that recourse to a legal process is more and more frequent and allows now and again a direct contradiction of the decision of the ballot fox. There fire today an electoral campaign can appear to carry certain annoyances in the eyes of the general public, the whole experience is judjed to be time-consuming, sometimes violent in terms of human relations, costly, and legally extremely complex. The problems continue of course well beyond the election itself. To be a locally elected official today means to carry out one's duties under the control of the State - a level of control that influences both actions and people. But without doubt the heaviest weight on the local official is the personal sacrifice in carrying out his duties
Mary, Philippe. "L'évolution sociologique des élus locaux depuis la décentralisation : l'exemple du département du Lot-et-Garonne." Toulouse 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU10059.
Full textAudoye, Benjamin. "Les votations à l'initiative des collectivités territoriales et des groupements de communes." Toulouse 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU10013.
Full textOnly the concept of “local polling” covers both public consultation and referendums at a local level. Having been repudiated under a Third Republic eager to assert parliamentary sovereignty, local polling was later accepted by central authority. The current resurgence in its popularity testifies to the emergence of a localised power base. If this emergence appears genuine by reason of the recognition of local polling in French public law, it is nonetheless rendered modest because of the limited scope of the subjects polled. Although central power has accepted the principle of local polling, it has not drawn all the proper lessons attendant upon this principle. Indeed, the resurgence of polling can appear so restricted and shackled as to suggest it is no more than a disguised extension of central power. The power of local elected officials is thereby reduced, while that of the electorate is negated. Nothing less than substantial reform of the system of local consultation would ensure a genuine demonstration of local power in the matter of polling
Binoche, Jacques. "Le rôle des élus de l'Algérie et des colonies au Parlement sous la Troisième République : 1871-1940." Poitiers, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987POIT5020.
Full textGautier, Olivier. "La construction sociale d'un territoire politique : l'entreprise politique de Philippe de Villiers dans le département de la Vendée." Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1G004.
Full textSince 1988, Vendée is under the domination of the Philippe de Villiers’s political enterprise. Until 2010, he conserves the General Council’s presidency whereas the MPF is in the minority within the departmental majority. The thesis seeks to analyze political territory as a social construction. The sociological observation of the villiériste enterprise on the ground and daily highlights how the legitimacy rests on mutual adjustments between actor defined by his social dispositions and public spaces which are determining identities and roles in a specific configuration. The profession of territorial entrepreneur deals with the combination of three resources of legitimacy. Philippe de Villiers is leading the General Council and the Puy-du-Fou, two institutions which are locally influential on social and political point. The control of the territorial system allows him to represent the department in all situations. On other hand, his leadership depends on the political parties circle. The coalition of locals Right-wing parties is perpetuating a departmental majority which also softens a criticized political identity. At last his political power is based on territorialized public action. If local policies aim at justifying clientelism and ideology, they also make up the image of a president who is the protector of the territory and its population. This manner to be a local elected representative by profession can explain personalization and domination of the Philippe de Villiers’s political enterprise. In this way, the thesis can be presented as an empirical and pragmatic contribution to the sociology of political territories
Brouard, Sylvain. "Partis politiques et politiques publiques dans les gouvernements locaux : l'exemple des groupes et élus écologistes dans les régions métropolitaines." Bordeaux 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR40032.
Full textLy-Cueille, Caroline. "Des écoles de musique en milieu rural : enjeux sociaux et musicaux." Paris 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA040180.
Full textIn France, though the small rural music schools are discreet and not well known, they still are a source of great stake where the fiercest identity claims clash. Sustained by ideologies and political strategies which, in many ways, confront each other and look alike, these schools are caught in a web of contradictions. Their belonging to the specialised music schools network tend to model them according to institutional standards dictated by the centralised authorities while their influence context force upon them rules carved by local history, cultural and musical traditions. In the midst of a battle where will powers at political level (State/local community) size up and interlock, these schools mirror the integral dualities of the circulation of musical training encouraged from Paris whose professional and lettered nature bump in some of the traditional local usages
Marneur, Victor. "Rapports sociaux de sexe et pouvoir municipal dans les espaces ruraux : le cas des ₀ petites ε communes de Gironde au tournant des réformes paritaires." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0251/document.
Full textThe reform for equal representation of men and women started in 2000s has been consolidated in 2013 by lowering the threshold for an implementation in towns of more than 1’000 inhabitants. The study of political recruitment and political careers of local elected politicians in rural area from 1970 to 2015 in Gironde allows us to understand the political activities of men and women in a context of gender parity which became binding. Using both qualitative and quantitative methods, this dissertation aims to connect the transformation of political recruitment in small towns with the changes of contemporary rural societies. It will thus contribute to the literature in both political sociology of rural societies and gender in politics
Castanié, Sylvie. "La parlementarisation des assemblées délibérantes des collectivités territoriales." Pau, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PAUU2013.
Full textGreffet, Fabienne. "Les processus de sélection des élus français : l'exemple des conseillers généraux en Rhône-Alpes de 1945 à 1992." Grenoble 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE21002.
Full textThébert, Mariane. "Logiques de l'action publique dans le périurbain rennais : les élus face à la mobilité." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008385.
Full textBort, Frédéric. "Le sens politique : contribution à l'étude des usages du métier d'un chef polique local : Georges Frêche 2004-2007." Montpellier 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON10055.
Full textHaddab, Karim. "Le système politico-administratif de la ville de Paris : pouvoir des maires d'arrondissement et réforme de décentralisation interne." Paris 4, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA040029.
Full textThe political administrative system of Paris, self-governing since 1977 (M. Chirac elected mayor), presents the following features : - the undisputed leadership of the RPR's president - a government by a confined and catch all power committee - a numerous and various administration, very integrated by top of pyramid (general secretary, vertical management, principal mayor's assistants) which impose a quantitative and abstract rationality, ignorant of players and different sectorial publics. - The attraction of associations and private interest groups (buffer associations extra-municipal commissions. . . ), combined with fusions and relays in the wards. The shyness of the P. L. M. Law, the right's victory (1983,1986) and the systemic- cultural resistances (bureaucratical and feudal political logics) has stopped all deep; evolution. Most certainly the mayors of wards own a real power, essentialy based on their electoral legitimity and their relational ability ; but they don't exploit it in favor of a taller local democraty : trendly, they reproduce the central logic. So, the administereds' participation at the qualitative manage- ment of local public goods and services stay weak and unequal. Actually, we can't change the political-administrative system by decree. .
Ségas, Sébastien. "La grammaire du territoire : action publique de développement et lutte politique dans les « pays »." Phd thesis, Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux IV, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00250175.
Full textJozefowicz, Henri. "Le statut de l'élu en droit public français." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05D005.
Full textFrench Constitution clearly mentions the représentants. Their designation participates to the expression of National Sovereignty. The status of the elected person has to be understood through the institutional framework applicable to those who are in charge of a political mandate. The conditions of practice of the mandate relay several principles of French Law: separation of powers, free administration of local authorities… More generally, this status ensures the independence of the elected person issued from representative democracy. For all these reasons, this status is ambivalent as he is based on rights and obligations. The elected person has to comply with limitations or restrictions regulating his non-elective activities and the practice of his mandate. Next to this, he can get advantages and guarantees. The status of the elected person appears to be rooted in an institutional game involving more that the elected person himself without neglecting his own aspirations
Frey, Sandra. "La dimension du genre dans l'engagement politique local : enquête dans l'Hérault, 1983-1995." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003IEPP0013.
Full textNay, Olivier. "La région site institutionnel : les logiques de représentation en Aquitaine." Bordeaux 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR40007.
Full textThrough the analysis of the actions of two groups of elected representatives (political and agricultural) and through studying their interaction within the region, the thesis aims to observe and understand the emergence of a regional institution. The theoretical approach used in the thesis allows us to view "the region" as an institutional arena, in other words as a stage upon which interdependant groups of actors ("institutional configurations") interact, using in their action stable patterns of behaviour, lasting social norms and common practicies ("institutional rules"). Firstly, the institutional construction of the region is considered as the result of learning news rules concerning the intercourse between the different actors involved in the regional framework. The learning process is evident in both the representatives' personal dispositions and the types of collective action shared by the groups intervening at the regional level. Secondly, the institutionalization of the region can be seen as a structuring process. In this way, the creation of a political institution is understood in the context of relational dynamics which contribute to the development of new institutional games. From this double perspective, the research is organized around two major themes. In the first place, the conditions under which the representatives intervene in the regional games is discussed. Here, the many contrainsts that go with their status as spokesperson and the particuliar social logics that dominates their familiar environment (the "departement", the agricultural sector) must be given attention. Next, the actors' involvement in the emergence of institutional interplay and in the development of specific rules is examined in order to identify the formation of institutional site. The conclusion puts a series of hypothese into a theoretical perspective on the character of the various processes of institutionalization
Plantier, Julien. "La remise en question du département et de la région dans un contexte de bouleversement territorial en France." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1064.
Full textThis thesis is about the research of French territorial communities. In between piled up stuctures and confused abilities, local landscape is often criticized. The main aim is to examine and question the future of these structures in a context of territorial diruption. Two communities are especially concerned : territorial and administrative divisions and territories. The report of a political duality is true and the attempts to come together are numerous. So far, multiple difficulties do not allow to create true articulations in between those two entities. Facing those elements, It's necessary to elaborate a general established fact in a complex French local territory. Each one of those French territorial communities are at the center of the public action thanks to the local elected représentatives. Within the different legislative arrangements which happened, the local landscape has been changing for more than thirty years and now seems to be upside down. Several tracks of thoughts are offered in order to change in a better way the territorial communities and to give to them legal Tools allowing them to be better represented among territories
Girard, Violaine. "Un territoire périurbain, industriel et ouvrier : promotions résidentielles de ménages des classes populaires et trajectoires d'élus salariés intermédiaires de l'industrie dans la Plaine de l'Ain." Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0095.
Full textBased on the case of the Plain of the Ain, a rural industrialised area in neighborhood of the Lyon city, the report highlights in a contextualized approach two current main trends within far suburban areas: how industrial operation are moved to outskirts of large cities, and how popular classes remain in the foreground within residential spaces remote from downtowns. As a plot of recent industrial re-location (i. E. Nuclear plant and industrial enclosure), the Plain of the Ain is also since the 80's a favourite area where workers and employees become householders. While dominated by intermediate professions of the industry and blue collar workers, the population differs from precarious popular classes as well as from graduated middle-classes. Using statistics, town and county archives and materials from ethnographic research, the approach helps analyze the recomposition process which impacts the stable parts of popular classes, and political representation within suburban blue-collar towns, whereas this topic was rarely researched until now
Delas, Aurélien. "L'hôpital public, un nouvel acteur territorial entre aménagement sanitaire et rivalités stratégiques : le cas de la Haute-Normandie." Paris 8, 2014. http://octaviana.fr/document/182114627#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textAs a key player in health and economic planning of a territory, public hospitals can only guarantee their sustainability and compete with private sector by building a relevant territorial strategy. It includes developing cooperation ties with other health actors and increasing its planned activities. Analyzing the situation in Upper Normandy, French hospitals have gradually integrated the need of an increased territorial approach of their health care activities under the influence of new financing mode, renewed internal governance and reinforced quality standards as well as new challenges regarding the demography of health professionals and the increasing sanitary and socio-spatial inequalities. Public hospitals must now develop a territorial strategy of development according to their local geopolitical context, which include socio-sanitary information about the population, strengths and weaknesses of each hospital, competitive position of local health actors and the relationships with state operators and, above all, local authorities. Les hôpitaux publics doivent désormais élaborer une stratégie territoriale de développement de leurs activités de soins à partir de l’analyse géopolitique de leur environnement local intégrant les données socioanitaires de la population, les atouts et faiblesses propres à chaque hôpital, le positionnement des autres établissements de santé et les relations avec les autorités de tutelle de l’Etat et particulièrement avec les élus locaux
Le, Lidec Patrick. "Les maires dans la République : l'association des maires de France, élément constitutif des régimes politiques français depuis 1907." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010315.
Full textFerran, Nicolas. "La démocratie de proximité dans les exécutifs municipaux montpelliérains (1977-2011) : (Re)configurations clientélaires d’une offre municipale." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTD053/document.
Full textThe question treated by this thesis is to know to what extent mayor's councilors in charge of participatory projects use their executive position to build political leadership by recruitment and mobilization of supports among local society. By putting this interrogation, we analyze the role of these councilors and the use of their institutional resources in connection with clientelist practices of political activity. The demonstration aims at enlightening the transformation of executive positions dedicated to participatory democracy, their symbolic and material foundation and their uses in relation with the transformation of municipalities' political and administrative configurations. We demonstrate that those councilors convert their executive resources into material satisfaction transmitted on the basis of personalized exchanges with citizens. Far from the normative objectives promoted by political actors, participatory tools are in fact clientelist tools. Form this point of view, the reactivation of participatory offer observed in Montpellier in 2008 is an attempt lead by new political actors to reconfigure clientelist exchanges institutionalized over the past twenty years
Marmont, Thibault. "En quête de compétences : le personnel politique local et l'intercommunalité en milieu rural (haute Côte-d'Or)." Dijon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DIJOL030.
Full textTelaidjia, Djamel. "Gouvernance des territoires et développement local : cas de la wilaya d’Annaba (extrême nord-est algérien)." Caen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CAEN1005.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the study and analysis of local governance modes in Algeria. We seek from the territorial actors, acting at the level of a wilaya, to assess the mechanisms that govern the functioning of public institutions in charge of development in Algeria. The objective is to arrive at identifying the level where the articulation points are located between the expectations of local populations and different levels of decision-making, which correspond to the design and the elaboration of development programs. From a multidisciplinary approach (particularly the geography and economy) of the mechanisms of territorial governance and by the review of the current project design procedures, we tend to explain modalities of steering of development projects in Algeria and their command scales. The aim is to highlight the functional deficits in this area, and their impact on the quality of local development. A local development that can be called in our case economic development or urbanization. For this, we have chosen as field of investigation the territories of the wilaya in Northeastern Algeria: Annaba, headed the fourth largest city and an area with high economic potential where the chances of a local development remain considerable
Ibouanga, Sosthène. "Hommes et aires protégées au Gabon, entre protection procurale de la biodiversité et préservation des intérêts locaux dans le parc national de Moukalaba-Doudou : Le discours des habitants, des techniciens de l'environnement et des élus." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022COAZ2013.
Full textThe protection of the environment is an issue that both divides and mobilizes several actors including environmental technicians, elected officials and inhabitants. Focused on the current actors' discourses and actions, this study intends to analyze the policy of nature management in Gabon via the Moukalaba-Doudou National Park. As such, through cultural practices, this thesis proposes to re-examine the relationship of local populations to nature in a contemporary ecological context. This context is dominated by the confrontation of endogenous and exogenous conceptions of nature. We thereby question, via the "procurale management", the responsibility of the State for the management of nature and national parks in Gabon. On the other hand, we examine the advantages and disadvantages of the "piendupialiste" discourse of the different actors (the State, ANPN, environmental technicians, elected officials and inhabitants) on the protection of nature in Gabon. The purpose of this thesis is to show that the entry of Gabon into ‘modernity' in the colonial context can be taken as the origin of the degradation of biodiversity in the Moukalaba-Doudou park. This degradation is linked to the evolution of the cultural practices of the populations based on the use of nature through the introduction of new technologies (hunting gun, ammunition, fishing net, freezer, chainsaw) and the adoption of new religions (Christianity and Islam). The other perspective of this study is to show that ‘procurale management' (the financial and material investments of donors and international NGOs are higher than those of the State) does not really promote the sustainable protection of biodiversity and does not ensure coherent socio-economic and cultural development for the sake of local populations. Finally, the thesis presents the divergence of representations and interests of populations and environmental technicians with regard to nature and its uses. The lack of understanding of contemporary ecological issues are at the root of conflicts (Human-Wildlife conflicts, poaching, illegal fishing, etc.) and make the management of Moukalaba-Doudou National Park difficult. It is therefore important to pool the interests of the various actors to considerably reduce the impact of the action of populations on nature. It is also important to reduce the significant influence of international NGOs and donors on the management of national parks in Gabon. It seems important to promote the integration of endogenous knowledge and the real consideration of the interests of local populations for the successful safeguarding of biodiversity
Joe, Dong-Hee. "Three Essays on the Effect of Voter Turnout on the Subsequent Performance of Elected Official." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU10056/document.
Full textThis dissertation analyzes the effect of voter turnout on the subsequent performance of the elected official. By shedding light on this new topic, it contributes to the ‘political agency’ literature which studies various ways to improve the functioning of elected offices. Chapter 2 estimates the effect of turnout in the 18th National Assembly of South Korea (2008-2012), the country’s legislature. The data consists of a cross-section of legislator-constituency pairs. To overcome the endogeneity of turnout, it utilizes the variation in turnout caused by the unusual rainfall on election day and the number of polling places per voter. It finds positive effects on legislative performance. Then it proposes a theoretical explanation for the findings, in which turnout signals the share of voters who will learn the incumbent’s performance. The theory has a negative implication for compulsory voting, because it will reduce the signaling role of turnout. Chapter 3 extends this empirical framework in the 13th National Assembly of France (2007-2012). An important difference from the South Korean counterpart is its limited capacity to initiate legislation, which makes it an ideal environment to test the generality of the relation discovered in South Korea. It finds positive effects on attendance and participation in debates, but not on formal legislation or government monitoring. Possible explanations for this difference are discussed. Finally, Chapter 4 presents a game-theoretic explanation for the empirical findings, in a twoperiod model of political agency. An election is held at the beginning of each period to delegate a policy decision to a politician, whose policy preferences are private information. A representative voter decides, in each election, whether to vote for a politician or abstain. Voting incurs an opportunity cost, which is her private information; and politicians are identical ex-ante. Despite the sub-optimality of turning out in the first election, she may still do so, to signal her willingness-low cost-to punish wrong policy in the following election. The model has a positive implication for having more polling places and a negative one for making election day a public holiday, which follow from their impacts on the distribution of voting cost
Loum, Papa. "La politique de décentralisation et les nouvelles stratégies de développement : le cas du Sénégal." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON10038/document.
Full textFor almost twenty years, decentralization in its entirety remains a fact tin Senegal. Despite the country's many important publications on social sciences, very few studies have been carried out on this question. The accession to power of local councillors has deeply changed not only the relationships between actors, but also with the central State. Then, new tensions emerge, crystallizing around financial and budgetary resources and competence transfer. So the definition given by lawmakers and the State about jurisdictions and the prerogatives of local authorities is judged ambiguous. It follows from their proposals, prevarications and vagueness particularly concerning tax policy, town and country planning and land management. Though sometimes equivocal and other times innovatory, those remarks are to be considered in order to make real the development which is in the heart of the decentralization objectives. It comes down to an euphemism to infer that, in the prevailing state of the reforms, there is still a lot to do for the progress of true autonomy of local authorities and that of development strategy in Senegal. However, the current challenge of decentralization programmes does not confine itself to its only aspects; the institutional independence of local bodies requires being attentive to the local and sustainable development issue. Does this mean another myth to bear in mind ? In fact, we know that the settling of this other alternative may take very much time
Nobile, Didier. "Application du concept d’orientation entrepreneuriale au champ des collectivités territoriales : Mise en place d’un dispositif d’accompagnement de l’élu entrepreneur." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0342/document.
Full textEntrepreneurial orientation is now a highly-proven concept in management sciences. While the work devoted to the subject mostly relates to private enterprises and adopts a quantitative approach, a fresh current has now undertaken to revisit research in this field (methodology, scope…). This doctor’s thesis is in line with the new trend and shows elected local officials’ entrepreneurial orientation through a prospective accompaniment approach. To do this, I have come up with two research proposals. The first is based on stressing the relevance of resorting to the concept in a political environment, and the second rests on the efficiency of the prospective guiding steps destined for elected officials. The review of literature devoted to the entrepreneurial dimension of elected politicians followed by a preliminary approach of the concept through three case studies pave the way for an engineering qualitative approach of action research. It is meant to provide guidance for the structuring of the Health and Biotechnology sector in the Lorraine region. The conclusion of the thesis shows the relevance of the submissions and highlights the conceptual and managerial contributions before it opens up on some forms of potential ensuing research
Denis, Adeline. "Dans la fabrique des prescriptions de rôles gouvernants. Ethnographie des coulisses du gouvernement municipal de Montreuil-sous-Bois (2008-2014)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ0014.
Full textBased on an ethnographic survey carried out among the leaders of Montreuil-sous-Bois between 2008 and 2014, the thesis takes us behind the scenes of a municipal government, and outlines a new sociology of prescriptions in action, which articulates the classical question of “Who conforms to plural role prescriptions, and how?” to that of “Who has the power to prescribe, and how, within a government? ". The municipal changeover in Montreuil in 2008 was characterized by the arrival of a national political leader, the ecologist Dominique Voynet, who sought to shake up the locally dominant arrangements and prescriptions. The fact that she did not run again in the 2014 municipal elections, denouncing the patronage and notability practices of her predecessor Jean-Pierre Brard, questions the weight of expectations on elected officials in this former communist bastion, and the struggles to (re)define what it means to be a “good” local governor today.The thesis explores this conundrum of local and competitive formulations of governing role prescriptions. Beyond the visible struggles on the political scenes, the investigation carried out behind the scenes reveals how prescriptive competition structures the governing activity “from the inside” and explains the variety of role taking among municipal rulers. The ethnographic focus on the mayoral entourage shows that the norms and role prescriptions, sedimented in a singular institutional history, are also mediated by auxiliaries, who intervene to determine and impose what they judge to be the good standards of conduct and ways of governing. By taking this prescriptive work as a central line of analysis, the thesis underlines the weight of these auxiliary prescribers in the professionalization of elected officials, and the competition that emerges between them around the prescriptions to be upholded. Two main prescriptive models confront each other: a government model “in the heat of the moment”, supported by the cabinet, vs. a government model “with a cool head”, supported by managing directors. The long-term observation reveals the growing weight of the latter which, through various procedural and management instruments, gradually strengthens their professional and prescriptive power over democratically elected staff.The thesis thus draws all the benefits of the crossing between several sociologies - the sociology of institutions and roles, the sociology of entourages and political professionalization, the sociology of work and professions, the sociology of gender - to move from the study of the governing role prescriptions to that of government prescribers, and to illuminate the new reign of “cold” rulers at the heart of local democracy
Navarre, Maud. "Des carrières politiques sous contraintes de genre : le cas des élues en Bourgogne." Thesis, Dijon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DIJOL015.
Full textThis research concerns the advancement of gender roles and relationships during politician career. We analyze female and male politician socialization in three parts. First, election campaigns introduce to female or male role. They turn women to outsiders whereas men embody experienced politician. Then, selection leads women to lowly work. Finally, they try to highlight their position by claiming a female ethical code. However, to stay or improve their status, they must learn male behaviors too. Nevertheless, they do not wholly forgive female politician ethical code
Sferlea, Elena. "L'évolution de l'administration locale : les cas de la Roumanie et de la France depuis le début des années 1990." Thesis, Paris Est, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PEST2007.
Full textThis research focuses on the evolution of the local government in Romania and France since thebeginning of the 1990s. The study of different initial conditions in both countries has been followedby the analysis of the major developmental stages of the legal framework concerning localauthorities : the relatively recent accession to (for Romania) or reinforcement of (in France) theconstitutional status of the communities and the evolution of the law corpus operating the transferof competencies and resources for local communities. This analysis revealed a conception ofreforms that has many similarities, but also some different implementation. An evaluation of thelevel of decentralization achieved in the two countries has been undertaken in the light of thecriteria of the European Charter of Local Self-Government. It identified the progress made by eachcountry, but also the opportunities for improvement. In the end, it was found that beyond an initialcontext and particularities of the administrative map, beyond the different application of reforms,Romania and France show today a very similar degree of decentralization, broadly consistent withthe requirements of the Charter
Huré, Maxime. "Les réseaux transnationaux du vélo : Gouverner les politiques du vélo en ville : De l’utopie associative à la gestion par les grandes firmes urbaines (1965-2010)." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO22019/document.
Full textToday, development of urban cycling is a must for politicians, particularly considering injunctions in favor of sustainable development. In the 2000s, bike sharing systems emerged in most European cities. If development was guided by ecological considerations, more generally, these services add value to political and institutional innovation and to the economic vitality of cities. Bike sharing systems were imposed thanks to transnational networks around the theme of the bike. These networks invite us to consider transnational exchanges as vectors of change in urban policies. The development of cycling has a history which is the result of many interactions between cities since the 1970s. The analysis of the creation and the effects of bicycle transnational networks allows us to define time periods and patterns in the evolutions that affect both urban cycling policies and organization of urban political power. A first period, structured by transnational activity of urban cyclist associations, helps us to understand the role of these interactions in the definition of a public issue, and of the inclusion of these questions in the agenda of many European cities during the 1970s. Problem solving encourages decision makers to engage in transnational exchanges to build a new municipal jurisdiction based on associative expertise. This municipal investment characterizes the second period, in which municipalities intensify the implementation of cyclist public policies by institutionalizing city networks in the years 1980-1990. Finally, a third period begins in the 2000s, with the appearance of companies in the area of urban furniture and outdoor advertising in transnational exchanges. These firms generate a heavy circulation of bike sharing systems, and pose the question for decision makers how to manage their relationships with these large companies, both on a transnational level and as far as the management of urban services is concerned. These bicycle transnational networks are a way to organize local authorities and to legitimate decision makers in the management of urban public policies
Lorenceau, Adrien. "Essays on public policy evaluations in education and development." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0120.
Full textThis thesis is composed of four independent evaluations of public policies. The first chapter assesses the impact of providing loans to students willing to enroll in university in the context of South Africa. It takes advantage of the fact that the loans are granted according to a credit score threshold to estimate the causal impact of loan obtainment based on a regression discontinuity approach. The results indicate that credit constraint is substantial, as it reduces the enrollment rate into higher education by more than 20 percentage points in a population of student loan applicants. The second chapter investigates the impact of mandated political reservation at village councils level for low caste and female candidates on the provision of school inputs. A feature of the selection procedure of reserved constituencies allows to implement a variance of the regression discontinuity design. The results indicate that neither female nor low castes representatives significantly favor the children from their category in terms of provision of school resources in the context of Bihar. The third chapter examines two channels through which the political affiliation of local representatives could affect the allocation of public goods. The allocation could differ because the representatives have different political views. Alternatively, it could be that elected representatives from the ruling party are favored. Using "close elections" comparisons provide quasi-experimental (RD) estimates of both effects on middle school construction. Large positive impacts of political preferences and political favoritism can be statistically rejected. Finally, the last chapter provides quasi-experimental estimates of the impact of a tax credit program targeted at less densely populated areas. .
Chevrot, Boris. "De l'isolement social aux territoires sociables : recherche impliquée sur l'intervention sociale en milieu rural, à l'épreuve de l'innovation territoriale." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2099/document.
Full textRural areas benefit from a new attractiveness to a part of the French population. Yet, the challenges facing these territories are not small, in a context where their low population and service densities expose some people to different forms of isolation and social vulnerabilities. Rural social workers have to deal with their daily actions, sometimes between invisible public and complex institutions, with often limited material means. Not really studied, the phenomena of isolation and social intervention in rural areas yet show practices that still link where we would think to find that unbinding. On the basis of an "involved" research, bringing together the theories of disaffiliation and a sociology of attachments, this study proposes to think about social intervention in rural communities, which are also institutionally encouraged to innovate. In support of an immersion and collective experimentation carried out over five years, this research presents the outline of a sociable territorial organization: capacitive, connected and reflexive
Le, Bohec Jacques. "Le "rôle démocratique" de la presse locale a travers l'étude des relations entre élus municipaux et localiers." Rennes 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994REN11008.
Full textThis work consisted to construct a explanatory scheme about relationship between local councillors (and mayors) and local press representants (local journalists and correspondants). An inquiry has been effectuated with different techniques (samples, interviews, articles, observation). The theoretical framenework consisted to articulate fields theory and games theory in order to describe and explain the interactions beween players. This explanatory scheme presents a double aspect : an idealtypology of democratic roles and an idealtypology of game configurations (n. Elias). It has been elaborated thanks to the attention to social and mental structures which frame players activity, create their interdependance, limit their manoeuvre margin and counstruint them to cooperation
Fraisseix, Patrick. "Le député français, élu local ou législateur ?" Paris 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA020137.
Full textA tenet of parliament powers reduction has been built since 1958. The m. P's have been controlled by the government who monopolizes the decision's system, and nowadays they are confronted with european movement which contributes to their inferior position. The powerful parliament of the iii republic, the tyrannical parliament of the iv have disappeared, and under the v it is denied the right to influence the national policy. Because of this identity crisis, the french backbenchers prefer to abandon their national and parliamentary function in order to become "welfare officers" who hold a "letter-box function". These "good constituency men" are specialized with the problems of their districts and therefore they try to accumulate elected functions. Thus, the national assembly is a sort of corporatist house composed with local members even if they do not represent constituency nor citizens. Lot of reforms were prepared to stop the evolution and to imagine a new theory of the parliamentary function
Flamant, Anouk. "Droit de cité ! : construction et dilution d’une politique municipale d’intégration des étrangers dans les villes de Lyon, Nantes et Strasbourg (1981-2012)." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20120/document.
Full textSince the early eighties, local politicians have started to claim their competencies to solve the « problem » of « integration ». Activists in favour of migrants and some national organisations have acted to make that “problem” a top priority on the political agenda. With new mayors elected in Lyon, Nantes and Strasbourg in 1989, cities have been clearly determined to increase their competencies on this topic in front of the State. This process was also noticeable at the European level in network of cities even if French cities stressed out the specific French philosophy of integration. In the 2000s, the setting up of units dedicated to “integration” reveals how local policies on “integration” have started to be institutionalised. However, the rising issue of the fight against discrimination has provoked the disappearance of an active local policy to solve the socio-economic issues migrants and ethnic minorities are facing. Our analysis reveals how politics do matter in policies and how the European level is seen as an opportunity to criticize the supremacy of the State. Last but not least, whereas France is described to be blind to ethnic communities, we stress out how city actions are laying down ethnicity to determine who is a « foreigner »
Charles, Ségolène. "L’élu, le citoyen et le praticien : chroniques urbaines : l'expérience du projet urbain participatif dans les petites villes." Thesis, Paris, HESAM, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020HESAC009.
Full textIn a national context of transferring their competences to intercommunal institutions, reducing their resources and weakening of their regulatory prerogatives, local elected representatives in small cities, and their technical services, are faced with issues that often exceed their capacity for action. The implementation of a participatory urban project requires a paradigm shift in the political and professional cultures they have inherited. It clearly makes it necessary to rethink their roles and modalities of intervention.Based on the experience of an architectural and urban planning agency, this thesis analyses the place and the modalities of action of the elected representative as "Occasional Contracting Authority", for urban projects organized with significant and unusual participatory ambitions for the community. On the basis of three case studies, it describes and interprets the difficulties encountered by the small city and its accompanying structure. Relying on an approach of "observant participation" and on the Theory of Social Regulation, this research examines the conflicts and negotiations within the system of actors implied in the urban project in which the local elected is involved
Couture, Jérôme. "Essaient-ils d'acheter l'élection et si oui, y parviennent-ils? : le cycle électoral des dépenses et de la taxation et son lien avec la réélection des maires sortants lors des élections municipales québécoises de 2009." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26422.
Full textLes quatre dernières hypothèses sont en lien avec le cadre théorique qui met en relation la capacité de sanction de l’électeur médian et les anticipations du politicien à propos de cette même capacité. Ce cadre théorique vise à spécifier sous quelles conditions le cycle électoral aura un effet sur les résultats de l’élection. Les hypothèses inférées de ce cadre théorique seront entièrement confirmées empiriquement. En effet, 9) les tests empiriques montrent que le cycle électoral est sans effet sur la réélection du maire sortant dans les municipalités qui obtiennent un score de zéro sur l’indice des ressources disponibles pour s’informer. 10) Le cycle électoral des dépenses et de la taxation a un effet sur la réélection des maires sortants pour les municipalités ayant obtenu un seul point sur l’indice des ressources disponibles pour s‘informer. 11) Le cycle électoral de la taxation a un effet sur la réélection pour les municipalités ayant obtenu deux points ou plus sur l’indice des ressources disponibles pour s’informer et ayant présenté un bilan financier positif au cours du mandat 2006-2009. 12) Le cycle électoral est sans effet sur la réélection pour les municipalités ayant obtenu deux points ou plus sur l’indice des ressources disponibles pour s’informer et ayant présenté un bilan financier négatif au cours du mandat 2006-2009.