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Journal articles on the topic 'Embankment construction'
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1
Kim, Young-Moon, Ki-Pyo You, and Jang-Youl You. "Characteristics of Wind Velocity and Temperature Change Near an Escarpment-Shaped Road Embankment." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/695629.
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Artificial structures such as embankments built during the construction of highways influence the surrounding airflow. Various types of damage can occur due to changes in the wind velocity and temperature around highway embankments. However, no study has accurately measured micrometeorological changes (wind velocity and temperature) due to embankments. This study conducted a wind tunnel test and field measurement to identify changes in wind velocity and temperature before and after the construction of embankments around roads. Changes in wind velocity around an embankment after its construction were found to be influenced by the surrounding wind velocity, wind angle, and the level difference and distance from the embankment. When the level difference from the embankment was large and the distance was up to 3H, the degree of wind velocity declines was found to be large. In changes in reference wind velocities around the embankment, wind velocity increases were not proportional to the rate at which wind velocities declined. The construction of the embankment influenced surrounding temperatures. The degree of temperature change was large in locations with large level differences from the embankment at daybreak and during evening hours when wind velocity changes were small.
2
Ghosh, Soumen, and Biswaranjan Mistri. "Geo-historical Appraisal of Embankment Breaching and Its Management on Active Tidal Land of Sundarban: A Case Study in Gosaba Island, South 24 Parganas, West Bengal." Space and Culture, India 7, no. 4 (March 29, 2020): 166–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.20896/saci.v7i4.587.
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The embankments act as a life line for deltaic people of the Sundarbans. The reclamation of immature land through the construction of embankment without proper planning has been increasing the vulnerability of embankment breaching due to various natural and anthropogenic causes. The construction and maintenance of embankments are difficult tasks without prior knowledge about the mode of vulnerability and ground situations of the sites. To understand the scenario of embankment breaching and its recent management strategy, an intensive field survey was conducted to comprehend the underlying reasons for embankment breaching and its management techniques at the ground level. The modern techniques were also incorporated to identify the vulnerable sites of river bank erosion. The study reveals that the southern part of the delta is more vulnerable due to intensive river bank erosion. To understand potential capabilities of these embankments to combat against fluvio-hydrological challenges, a sequential change of embankment construction from historical past to present and recent scientific engineering model of Aila Dam has been chalked out in this study. The present study is an attempt to understand the geo-historical perspectives of embankment construction and to identify the vulnerable coastal zone of Gosaba Island of Sundarban. The study also aims to illustrate the modern techniques of embankment management for its longevity in such a dynamic land.
3
Li, Allen Lunzhu, and R. Kerry Rowe. "Combined effects of reinforcement and prefabricated vertical drains on embankment performance." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 38, no. 6 (December 1, 2001): 1266–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t01-059.
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The behaviour of geosynthetic-reinforced embankments constructed over soft cohesive soils installed with prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) is investigated by numerically examining an embankment constructed over different foundation soils. The partial consolidation during embankment construction, the consequent shear strength gain of the foundation soil, and the effect of the use of reinforcement on the mobilization of shear strength are examined. It is shown that the combined use of reinforcement and PVDs can significantly increase embankment stability and potentially allow the rapid construction of higher embankments than could be achieved with either method of soil improvement alone. Construction rate and spacing of PVDs can significantly affect the degree of consolidation at the end of construction and the stability of the embankment. For the situation examined, the effect of well resistance of typical vertical drains is insignificant. A relatively simple method for calculating the degree of consolidation and the strength gain of the foundation soil during construction is evaluated based on finite element results and is shown to be reasonably conservative. A design procedure is proposed to combine the design of reinforcement and PVDs.Key words: soft clay, prefabricated vertical drain, reinforcement, embankment stability, consolidation, strength gain.
4
Wang, Xin Quan, Yun Liang Cui, Shi Min Zhang, Jian Qin, and Zhong Jian Zhou. "Research on Construction Technology of Embankment Widening of Waterside Cantilever High Retaining Wall." Applied Mechanics and Materials 744-746 (March 2015): 555–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.744-746.555.
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In the project of the fill section widening of the cantilever high retaining wall of the old embankment, the construction of the embankment widening is carried out under the condition of allowing cars to drive through. As the stability of the old embankment and the normal and safe car driving shall be guaranteed, the cantilever reinforcement high retaining wall can’t be dismantled once for all or completely during the widening process, and the conventional construction of excavating the steps for joining the new and old embankments. This paper aims to solve the defects of the conventional construction method by introducing a newly-developed construction technology of embankment widening of waterside cantilever high retaining wall, which can effectively solve the anti-floating problem of the light-weight embankment, prevent the differential deformation at the joint of the wall bottom plate and the reinforced concrete continuous slab of the cantilever retaining wall, and improve the bearing capacity of the embankment.
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Šešlija, Miloš, Nebojša Radović, and Nikolay Vatin. "Construction of Road Embankment with Waste Materials." Applied Mechanics and Materials 725-726 (January 2015): 596–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.725-726.596.
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Fly ash represents a residue that occurs as a product of burning finely milled particles of coal in thermal power plants. The fly ash in the construction of embankments in road construction can be used with or without the addition of binders. For the construction of embankment from the ashes, aside embankments (trapezoid shape) are placed. Justification of this study is the fact that so huge amounts of this material are left aside, while there are great possibilities for using of natural materials in the construction of roads.
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Pei, Wan Sheng, Yuan Ming Lai, Ming Yi Zhang, Wen Bing Yu, Shuang Yang Li, and Wu Chen. "Effects of Framed Embankment for High-Grade Expressway in Permafrost Regions." Applied Mechanics and Materials 505-506 (January 2014): 139–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.505-506.139.
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Construction of high-grade highways is an important action to meet the requirement of communication and transportation in permafrost regions. Frame embankment is proposed to reduce the scale effects caused by wide pavement. Numerical simulation method is employed to analyze the improvement of frame embankment for thermal stability of roadbed, with the consideration of global warming. Compared the response of permafrost at symmetric position of each embankment to construction, the consistency degree of response is taken as decision fundament. Two indexes are selected, that is, the difference of permafrost table between the embankment and that at natural side, and the change of mean annual geothermal under the embankment. Additionally, the convenient for construction and wind-blown sand hazard are considered to determine reasonable frame space. So, numerical simulation of flow field of wind around embankments is carried out. It is concluded that the minimum space between two embankment is 6 m. The aim of this study is to provide scientific guidelines on construction of major permafrost engineering in the future.
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Müller, Rasmus, Stefan Larsson, and Johan Spross. "Multivariate stability assessment during staged construction." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 53, no. 4 (April 2016): 603–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2015-0037.
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For staging the construction of embankments on soft clay, an important aspect in deterministic or probabilistic stability analyses is the assessment of the representative average values and associated uncertainties for the undrained shear strength as the height of the embankment is sequentially increased. Assessments made prior to construction can be verified by performing observations during the construction phase. All relevant available information should be incorporated into an analysis to increase the level of confidence and the objectivity of the assessment. To this end, we apply an extended multivariate approach to assess the undrained shear strength using different indirect measurement methods during the staged construction of the Veda embankment (Sweden). This multivariate approach implies that uncertainties associated with the assessments are reduced, and objectively weighted averages are obtained. The resulting implications on the calculated deterministic safety factors and the probabilistically retrieved reliability indices of the embankment are thoroughly discussed in this work.
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Gao, Yu Cong, Rong Chen, Dong Xue Hao, and Myoung Soo Won. "The Effects of Geosynthetic-Reinforcement on Consolidation Behavior of Soft Clay Embankment under Step Construction." Key Engineering Materials 783 (October 2018): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.783.46.
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Geosynthetics–reinforced structures are widely used in embankments and walls. This paper presents the simulation of the embankment under load in order to compare the behavior of clay embankment with and without wrapping-facing-geosynthetics-reinforcement using finite element method (FEM) and to analyse the variation of behavior included of displacement and excess pore pressure under the different over-consolidation ratios (OCR). The calculation results show that embankment with higher OCR showing lower displacement compare to embankment with lower OCR. However, OCR isn’t very sensitive to the dissipation of excess pore pressure. Geosynthetics-reinforcements could reduce the displacement of embankment and accelerate dissipation of excess pore pressure after construction and surcharge. Gravel, geosynthetics-reinforcement and clay soil are properly combined, clayey soil is expected to be useful as embankment material.
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Zhang, Wei Bing, and Lian Tang. "Settlement and Deformation Laws of High Loess-Filled Embankment Based on Centrifugal Model Test." Applied Mechanics and Materials 90-93 (September 2011): 222–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.90-93.222.
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In view of the settlement problem of high loess-filled embankments themselves, with the reference of the 30m high embankment at K5 +536 of Lan Lin provincial expressway and by means of the centrifugal model test, the developing process of the settlement for embankment itself with time in different sections of embankment and the distribution laws of the settlement subjected from spatial effect in case of the different terrain conditions are studied. Compared with the actual measurement, the results show that: as far as the settlement of high-filled embankment itself is concerned, the settlement at the central part along the cross-section of embankment is larger than that at shoulder; When the stability of embankment is relatively poor because of the bigger slope ratio or faster speed of construction, the settlement at the shoulder caused by the lateral extrusion from the edge of embankment is larger; The settlement of embankment itself is approximately 0.5% -1% of the height of embankment, about 75% -85% of which occurred during the construction period and the remaining 15% -25% belongs to after construction. Furthermore, the 85% of the settlement belong to after construction will be completed within a year and about two years later the settlement tend to be stable; Owing to the affection of the spatial effect due to the valley terrain conditions, the settlement near the joint sites between the embankment and the gully is larger than that occurred in gentle slope and the central part of embankment. During the time of designing and construction for high-filled embankment, the location where the settlement influenced by the lateral extrusion and spatial effect should be paid attention to, so that, the security and stability of the embankment could be ensured.
10
Liang, Yu, Xiangyu Chen, Junsheng Yang, and Linchong Huang. "Risk Analysis and Control Measures for Slurry Shield Tunneling Diagonally under an Urban River Embankment." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (November 17, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8875800.
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The construction of urban cross-river tunnels usually requires passing under river embankments, which inevitably disturbs the embankment substratum and causes ground deformation. Previous engineering cases have shown that embankment settlement is greater than ordinary surface settlement and that uneven settlement results in cracks of in the embankment, reducing the embankment stability. Based on a cross-river tunnel project in China, the construction risks caused by the additional stress on the embankment substratum, asymmetrical embankment load, and shield tunneling in saturated fine sand are analyzed during a large-diameter slurry shield tunneling below an urban river embankment diagonally. Additionally, relevant risk control measures, such as slurry pressure, jacking thrust setting, and driving velocity in the saturated fine sand stratum, are evaluated. The results show that during shield tunneling under a diagonal urban river embankment, the additional stress and asymmetrical load effects should be considered, and the shield slurry pressure and jacking thrust should be adjusted according to the distance between the cutter head and the embankment. Furthermore, based on settlement monitoring data, the driving velocity of the shield should be reasonably adjusted in a timely manner to avoid disturbing the fine sand stratum below the embankment.
11
Su, Qian, Jun Kai Yao, Jia Hao, and Wen Sun. "The Stability Monitoring of High Fill Soggy Railway Embankment in Chongqing Steel Plant." Advanced Materials Research 1049-1050 (October 2014): 442–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1049-1050.442.
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Based on the special section of high fill soggy embankment in Chongqing Steel Plant Railway, we successfully implemented high fill soggy embankment’s dynamic stability monitoring by laying high precision measuring instruments inside the embankment. This stability monitoring reveals the changes and rules of the lateral horizontal displacement, layered settlement, internal stress of this particular form of embankment and provides references for designing and construction for high fill soggy embankment in mountainous area.
12
Beber, Raniero, Patrick Becker, and Alessandro Tarantino. "Suction as an untapped natural soil reinforcement to reduce embodied carbon in geotechnical structures: the case study of flood embankments in Hamburg area." E3S Web of Conferences 205 (2020): 12001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020512001.
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The commitment to cut CO2 emissions is now becoming a matter of legal obligations in several countries worldwide and the construction industry, one of the main sectors contributing to carbon emissions, is required to develop new approaches for carbon-efficient design. A study was undertaken to examine whether the inclusion of negative pore-water pressures (or ‘suction’) in the design of a flood embankment could reduce the embodied carbon associate with the construction of a new embankment or the retrofitting of an existing one. The case considered here are the embankments of the tidal Elbe area in Germany that require to be raised because of the new projection of extreme river levels due to climate change. Simple uncoupled water flow and stability analyses were considered to examine the performance of given embankment geometry. The purpose of the study is to examine whether incorporating suction into the design could allow for steeper landside slopes of the flood embankment. This would allow raising the embankment by saving considerable material and, hence, reducing the embodied carbon. At the same time, this would reduce the footprint of the raised embankment, which is a design requirement when flood embankments are embedded in the built environment as it happens in Hamburg.
13
Ali, Abdelfatah K., Sherry L. Hunt, and Ronald D. Tejral. "Embankment Breach Research: Observed Internal Erosion Processes." Transactions of the ASABE 64, no. 2 (2021): 745–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13701.
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HighlightsThis study provides data from internal erosion tests on four intermediate-scale homogeneous embankment dams.Soil properties influence the breach formation process and breach timing.Results showed that observed erosion rates of the internal flow path varied by several orders of magnitude.Quality control of embankment construction can greatly influence breach development.Abstract. Internal erosion and embankment overtopping are the two most common causes of embankment dam and levee failures and incidents. Internal erosion is the removal of soil material by the flow of water through a continuous defect, cavity, or crack within a compacted fill and/or its foundation. Internal erosion initiates from vulnerabilities within the embankment. The embankment soil material plays a key role in both the erosion process and rate of failure, but characterizing soil properties and how they relate to the rate of failure can be challenging. Soil properties such as texture, density, strength, moisture content, and erodibility can vary greatly; thus, it is important to study the effects of these properties on the breach formation process and breach timing. The USDA Agricultural Research Service performed internal erosion breach experiments on four intermediate-scale homogeneous earthen embankments constructed of soils ranging from a silty sand to a lean clay material. The embankments were constructed to a height of 1.3 m, a top width of 1.8 m, and upstream and downstream slopes of 3(H):1(V). The embankment materials were characterized by water content, density, texture, strength, and erodibility. Erodibility was measured using a jet erosion test (JET) apparatus. A 40 mm diameter, continuous steel pipe was placed through each embankment during construction and removed to form an open-ended void through the embankment connected to the upstream reservoir. The removal of the pipe initiated internal erosion. The objectives of the experiments were to observe the development of the internal erosion process over time and to examine the influence of soil properties on the erosion rate, breach timing, geometry of the breach opening, and breach outflow. The rate of erosion and failure observed in these tests varied by several orders of magnitude, with the silty sand embankment eroding most rapidly and the lean clay embankment with a mean moisture content of 18% dry basis at standard compaction eroding the slowest. These observations were indicative of the soil textures. Although the two lean clay embankments were constructed of similar soils, the difference in erosion rates speak to the importance of quality control (e.g., compaction moisture content) during construction. Soil properties including soil texture, erodibility, and compaction moisture content are key predictors of erosion rate and observed failure. Keywords: Breach, Dam failure, Dams, Embankments, Erodibility, Internal erosion, Levees, Overtopping.
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Meng, Yun Wei, and He Jun Chai. "The Application of Geogrid in Highway Widening Project of Zhangzhou Coastal Main Artery." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 3307–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.3307.
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Associating with highway widening project of Zhangzhou coastal main artery, the numerical analysis is carried out to analyze the lateral displacement, settlement and soil stress distribution of high fill embankment using geogrid. The results show that using geogrid can reduce the settlement and uneven displacement of high fill embankment. The maximum displacement occurs at the intersection position between old and new embankments, especially the geogrid embedding position. After the geogrid is used, vertical settlement significantly reduced while lateral displacement is in the highest flight. The lateral displacement is nearly 6cm and the total displacement is nearly 7cm, and both values are acceptable in filling construction. Meanwhile, the numerical analysis result manifests that the stress distribution of high fill embankment tends to uniform and then the whole stability of embankment increases. These conclusions may be useful to the design and analysis of reinforced-embankment of high fill and interface between new and old embankments in widened embankment.
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Hunter, Gavan, and Robin Fell. "Prediction of impending failure of embankments on soft ground." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 40, no. 1 (February 1, 2003): 209–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t02-081.
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The deformation behaviour and excess pore pressure response of 13 well-monitored embankments on soft ground that were constructed to failure have been analyzed. The analysis shows that by monitoring lateral displacement at the toe of the embankment and vertical displacement at the toe and about 5 m beyond the toe, the onset of impending failure of embankments on soft ground can be detected while the slope is at about 7090% of the failure height. This equates to an actual factor of safety of around 1.25. Monitoring of borehole inclinometers at the toe of the embankment, cracking of the embankment, and the pore pressure response and deformation during pauses in construction can provide useful additional data for detection of an impending failure.Key words: embankment on soft ground, deformation, pore pressure, failure, factor of safety.
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Zhang, Xuan, Liang De He, and Ning Zhuang. "Sand Soil Properties as the Sea Embankment Material Used in Pipe-Bag Riding Method." Advanced Materials Research 488-489 (March 2012): 1071–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.488-489.1071.
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Comparing with the stability demands of construction material used in pipe-bag riding technology for sea embankments, and based on many site and laboratory tests of sand distributed in Dongtai offshore, Northern Jiangsu Province in China for reclamation engineering, the type of sand, mechanical composition, grain shape, coefficient of permeability and liquefaction potential of sands were discussed. Additionally, the sea embankment slope stability analysis and seepage stability analysis demonstrate the sands can be used in sea embankment construction for pipe bag method
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Nakazawa, Hiroshi, Yohsuke Kawamata, Satoru Shibuya, Shoji Kato, Kyung-Beom Jeong, Jemin Baek, Tara Nidhi Lohani, Akihira Morita, Osamu Takemoto, and Yoshitaka Moriguchi. "Full-Scale Experiment of Earthquake Resistant Embankment Using Flexible Container Bag." Journal of Disaster Research 15, no. 6 (October 1, 2020): 765–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2020.p0765.
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There exists many road embankments in Japan which are not earthquake resistant. For example, a road embankment collapsed at Okuradani IC in Hyogo Prefecture during the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake of 1995. In 2009, a road embankment along the Tomei Expressway collapsed during an earthquake with epicenter in Suruga Bay. Road failure makes relief activity and transportation of goods difficult, causing social damage. Furthermore, recovery of damaged embankments takes much time and cost. Accordingly, it is important to conduct research on methods of construction which would help build embankments inexpensively and swiftly. Against this background, a full-scale experiment was conducted at E-Defense to confirm the validity of a method of construction that uses flexible container bag to pack soil for quick embankment recovery. Generally, flexible container bags are easy to handle, and ensure and maintain the earthquake resistance performance of embankments after the completion of recovery work, taking the longer life time of the reinforced structure into consideration. In the experiment, two kinds of reinforced structures with flexible container bags stacked differently were placed at either toe of the slope of an embankment of height 4 m, and shake tests were performed three times to compare the effectiveness of both reinforced structures. For both kinds of structures, the flexible container bags were stacked in two tiers and compressed from top and bottom using compression plates to make the structures rigid. One of the structures was one-tier type where the flexible container bags were stacked in series and the other was two-tier type where the flexible container bags were stacked along the side of the embankment. In the case with the target acceleration of sine wave of 376 Gal, crack occurred on the reinforced structure of one-tier type, but the embankment collapsed a little near the top of the slope. There was little displacement in both reinforced structures, hence, it is judged that the deformation would not impair the functionality of the road. As for the seismic performance, it can be said that the two-tier type would be slightly superior to one-tier type, however, this assumption cannot be evaluated decisively under the present circumstances. For practical use in future, form, size, workability, and economy of embankment should be examined for designing and construction which takes the specification of the structure into consideration.
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Bathurst, Richard J., James A. Blatz, and Martin H. Burger. "Performance of instrumented large-scale unreinforced and reinforced embankments loaded by a strip footing to failure." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 40, no. 6 (December 1, 2003): 1067–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t03-052.
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The paper describes an experimental investigation in which two large-scale geosynthetic reinforced soil embankments and one unreinforced soil embankment were taken to collapse under a strip footing placed close to the crest. One reinforced embankment was constructed with a relatively extensible and weak polypropylene geogrid and the second with a relatively strong and stiff high-density polyethylene geogrid. The geometry of the unfaced embankments, sand soil, and loading arrangement were the same for all three structures. The focus of the paper is on the experimental design, construction, testing, and instrumentation techniques used in the investigation and selected test results. The results of the study show that the ultimate footing load capacity increased with an increase in reinforcement strength (and stiffness) and that the reinforced soil embankments had a load capacity up to 1.62.0 times that of the nominal identical control embankment without reinforcement.Key words: geosynthetics, reinforced embankments, strip footing, large scale, experimental.
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Wang, Jing Huan, Ke Hu, Qing Chen, and Yong Wu. "Analysis and Measurement for Deformation of Embankments Widening with Single Side on Soft Soil Foundation." Advanced Materials Research 850-851 (December 2013): 322–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.850-851.322.
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When widening a road different settlements and pavement cracking along the joint between the old and new embankments often appear. The effects on old embankment which are caused by new embankment with additional load are analyzed with finite element method based on D-P model, through the comparative analysis of the field monitoring data information and result of finite lement numerical simulation.The results indicate that the construction of new embankment induces unacceptable differential settlements between the center and the shoulder of old embankment, cent gold embankment moves upper and lower slightly near the center line; old road shoulder has larger horizontal displacement outward pointing to lateral side of the road; new embankment near the slope angle has larger horizontal displacement pointing to medial side of the road, the position of maximum settlement appears in the center of embankment surface during widening, moves outside gradually, and shows certain regularity.
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Bhattacharya, Ujjayan. "Embankments and Inundation in Bengal: An Early Colonial Transition." Medieval History Journal 23, no. 2 (November 2020): 332–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971945820966440.
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In a tropical monsoon country like India, embankment construction is a particular kind of necessity, an obligation imposed by nature. It is a defence against depredation caused by the force of water for which collective action was necessary. What necessitated dams or dykes to be built was the seasonal volatility of the rivers, especially the Ganges or Brahmaputra, which were significant because of their size. Embankment construction was thus a major public work activity in an era when such undertakings by the state and society were limited by financial resources and the availability of expertise. But there was a difference in approach to embankment construction and the state support given to such public enterprise, over time. While the eighteenth century had a positive approach and did not see the embankments as mere physical structures designed to cope with floods but as organic parts of tracts of land, the nineteenth century experts tended to view embankments as hindrance to natural irrigation and the cause of rather than the remedy to violent inundations. This was the opinion of experts with greater knowledge and resources at their disposal. Nineteenth century experts on embankment maintenance regarded the Permanent Settlement as the benchmark of the early colonial state’s decisive intervention in this respect and thought that the obligation of previous governments to maintain embankments should be taken as of practically no significance at all. The settlement of the character of the Permanent Settlement ‘must obviously change the whole nature of such obligations’. This article does not agree with this point of view. The article looks at the nature of this important public work activity with focus on its history in the second half of the eighteenth century and also examines how the nineteenth century experts historically reviewed the necessity of embankments as those had existed in the past.
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Liu, Hanlong, Gangqiang Kong, Jian Chu, and Xuanming Ding. "Grouted gravel column-supported highway embankment over soft clay: case study." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 52, no. 11 (November 2015): 1725–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2014-0284.
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In this paper, a simplified column construction method — the so-called grouted gravel column — and its application to construction of embankments over soft ground are introduced. The construction method, quality assurance (QA), and quality control (QC) of the grouted gravel columns are described. A case study on the application of this method to a highway embankment in China is also presented. The case study shows that about 50% of surface settlement and 60% of the differential settlement between the column head and soil occurred during the construction of the embankment. The column to soil stress ratio was 8.0 for columns with caps and 4.2 for columns without caps. Static load tests were also conducted to assess the bearing capacity of the columns.
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Cochrane, G. A., and P. G. Carter. "Highway embankment construction across the Strathearn buried Valley." Geological Society, London, Engineering Geology Special Publications 7, no. 1 (1991): 203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.eng.1991.007.01.18.
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AbstractImprovements to the trunk road network around Perth during the early 1980–s involved construction of two new routes crossing the River Earn. Embankments were constructed across lower Strathearn to carry the M90 Edinburgh to Perth motorway and the A9 Stirling to Perth trunk road. Thick Quaternary deposits laid down under conditions of varying climate and sea level occupy the Earn Valley in this area. The nature and extent of these deposits dictated the Engineering Solutions which were adopted for the highway construction.In this area the Earn Valley is deeply incised into rockhead. Investigations indicated that late glacial “arctic” clays and post glacial organic “carse” clay infilled the buried Valley to depths in excess of 30m and 60m at the A9 and M90 sites respectively. Efforts were made at the site investigation stage to detErmine the anticipated behaviour of these weak and compressible subsoils under embankment loading. Particular attention was given to assessing design parameters for embankment stability and settlement in relation to soil structure, in situ permeability, effective shear strength and pore water response.The greater problems were encountered at the M90 where embankments of up to 13m in height were designed to prevent shear failure in the foundation subsoils and accommodate Settlements of up to 1.5m within the construction programme. Ground Engineering techniques employed on the various sections of both schemes included the use of stability berms, stage construction, controlled rate of filling and installation of band drains. Extensive use was made of soils Instrumentation to monitor pore pressures, horizontal deflections and Settlements and to control the rate of earthmoving operations to a predetermined construction procedure.
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Dmitrienko, Vladimir A., Irina A. Kapralova, Valeria V. Baklakova, Aleksei G. Iliev, and Nataliya V. Merenkova. "Multivariate modeling of retaining walls." MATEC Web of Conferences 265 (2019): 05029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926505029.
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When designing a parking lot of limited size with a large elevation difference, a decision to construct an earth embankment with a retaining wall was made. Based on the analysis of the results of engineering geological surveys and construction conditions, four options of constructing a retaining wall were considered. The stress-strain states of the protective structures and embankments were studied in details with the help of finite element modeling in order to select the optimal technical solutions for retaining walls. Based on the analysis of the distribution of stresses and strains in the structures, the advantages and disadvantages of each option are determined. The optimal combined version of constructing a thin retaining wall with unloading screens and hardening of the embankment by means of anchor-injectors is substantiated.
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You, Jang Youl, Byung Hee Nam, Hyeon Ku Park, and Ki Pyo You. "Analysis on the Wind Flow Measuring of Surrounding Areas in Accordance with Installation of Road Facilities." Applied Mechanics and Materials 878 (February 2018): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.878.76.
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As 70% of the terrain of Korea consists of mountains, it is required to incorporate embankments, bridges and tunnels, etc. into road construction plans. The change in wind flow caused by the construction of embankment, in particular, has led to the increase of wind flow damage. In this study, a research was conducted on the method to facilitate wind flow, changed by the road embankment using culvert. There were a total of 52 points, of which 26 points were in front of the road embankment and 26 points in the back of the road embankment. When the number of two culverts were the same, the wind speed around the culvert was greater by more than 5% ~ 40% in the culvert size 6.0m x 4.5m than in the culver size 3.0m x 2.5m. The findings of the experiment indicates that the reduced wind speed of the wind flow entering and passing through the inlet of culvert can mitigate the congestion of wind flow that would otherwise be caused by the installation of the culvert.
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Cao, Wei Ping, Qi Chao Shi, and Wei Wei Hu. "Influence of Widened Embankment on the Slope of Existing Pavement on Soft Soils." Applied Mechanics and Materials 256-259 (December 2012): 1889–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.256-259.1889.
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Adding a new embankment adjacent to the existing highway embankment is a cost effective choice compared with building another new one and can mitigate the heavy traffic pressure. However, it may also cause some engineering problems including the change of slope of existing pavement or even local or global instability of embankments especially those on soft soils. How to prevent excessive change of the slope of the existing pavement induced by widening the existing embankments is of great importance in engineering practice. A numerical analysis by using a commercial FEM program was performed to explore the influence of the thickness of soft foundation soils, the widening width and the embankment height as well as the starting time of widening construction on the slope of the existing pavement. The results indicate that the bigger the thickness of the foundation soils as well as the bigger the widening width will result in bigger values of the slope of the existing pavement, especially at the early period of reconsolidation. Adverse slope will be induced by widening of the existing embankment.
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Liu, Shu Tang, Wei Dong Cao, Ying Yong Li, and Yong Shun Yang. "An Analysis of Slope Stability of Sand Embankment with Shear Strength Reduction (SSR) Method." Advanced Materials Research 152-153 (October 2010): 1017–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.152-153.1017.
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Comparing with conventional expressway embankment filled with clay only, the sand embankment tipped by intensely-weathered rock (IWR) can effectively reduce the consumption of cultivated land resource caused by the construction of expressway engineering. So it is significant to research the constructions of sand embankment tipped by IWR if local sand resources are enough. Combined with the construction of Qing-Lin freeway, in China, the slope stability of the embankment filled with sand and tipped by IWR outside was analyzed in the paper, and the analysis was conducted by the strength reduction method. The effects of the changes of compaction, water content, ratio of slope, height of the embankment and different IWR-width on the safety factor of the slope stability were investigated. The results indicate that, when the height of embankment is constant, the ratio of slope is the most important factor which influences the stability of side slope, and the IWR-width does not have a decisive effect on the safety factor on subsoil condition and it can be determined according to the convenience of site construction.
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KOKRANOVA, Olesya V., and Denis V. LITVINOV. "ANALYSIS OF EMBANKMENT HISTORIC DEVELOPMENT AS OPTIMAL ARCHITECTURAL AND PLANNING ENVIRONMENT FOR ALL RECREATIONAL TYPES AND FORMS." Urban construction and architecture 6, no. 3 (September 15, 2016): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2016.03.11.
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The analysis of historical development of the embankment, as technical construction which gains wide popularity during formation of coastal resorts of the English aristocracy of the XIX-XX centuries is carried out. Recreational development of the coast is defined as the major factor of transformation of natural landscapes. To give to the coast the correct form, strengthening, protection from washout, to increase city space embankments are under construction in a coastal zone. Again formed space is used for creation of promenades, esplanades, parks, piers, etc. The analysis shows that the embankment turns from an engineering construction in architectural and planning zones between the nature and the city which purpose is a creation of the optimal environment for all recreational types and forms. The obtained positive experience of city space increasing finds broad application by other countries. The conclusion is drawn, about what that in the course of historical development the embankment proved to be as a flexible architectural form, capable to develop, and its utilitarian functions was formed by its esthetic qualities.
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Zhang, Limin, Xueming Yu, and Ting Hu. "Optimization of compaction zoning in loess embankments." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 35, no. 4 (August 1, 1998): 611–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t98-035.
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Extensive centrifuge model tests were carried out to investigate optimum compaction density zones within loess embankments 30 and 63.8 m high. In these tests, water infiltration into the slopes and upstream storm water ponds were modelled to simulate the most unfavourable working conditions. Displacement contours in the cross sections were measured and crest settlements were monitored during the tests. Finally, the optimum compaction zoning was analysed based on the comprehensive evaluation of the total crest settlement, the postconstruction settlement, and the slope stability of the embankments. It was indicated that a properly designed high loess embankment could perform satisfactorily with the lower part compacted looser than the conventional code requirements. In terms of total crest settlement and embankment cracking, the degree of compaction K of loess fills should not be less than 0.85 for 30 m high embankments and not less than 0.90 for 63.8 m high embankments. In terms of the postconstruction settlement (<0.2-0.3 m) and construction feasibility, it is expedient to compact the lower one third to K = 0.85, and the top two thirds to K = 0.90 for 63.8 m high embankments. For 30 m high embankments, the bottom zone with K = 0.85 can make up two thirds of the height.Key words: Key words: embankment, centrifuge test, compaction, settlement, stability, loess.
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Liu, Jie Qun, and Lu Wang Chen. "Study on Influence of Surcharge Preloading on Deformation of Embankment with FEM." Applied Mechanics and Materials 341-342 (July 2013): 1491–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.341-342.1491.
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Based on nonlinear finite element method, the deformation and stability of embankment influenced by surcharge preloading is analyzed. It is shown that the location of the maximal lateral displacement of embankment is changeable at different construction stages. The location of the maximal lateral displacement is nearer the shoulder of embankment with construction of embankment. The lateral displacement and vertical settlement become larger and stability of embankment become smaller, when the location of surcharge loads nearer the axis of symmetry of embankment. Therefore, in order to accelerate the settlement of embankment during construction, surcharge preloading should be located nearer the axis of symmetry of embankment.
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Chen, R. P., Y. M. Chen, J. Han, and Z. Z. Xu. "A theoretical solution for pile-supported embankments on soft soils under one-dimensional compression." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 45, no. 5 (May 2008): 611–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t08-003.
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Pile-supported embankments are increasingly being used for highways, railways, storage tanks, etc. over soft soil because of their effectiveness in accelerating construction and minimizing deformation. The stress transfer mechanisms among all of the components in a piled embankment, including the embankment fill, the piles and (or) caps, and the foundation soils, are complicated. In this study, a closed-form solution for one-dimensional loading was obtained taking into consideration the soil arching in the embankment fill, the negative skin friction along the pile shaft, and the settlement of the foundation soil. In the derivations, the piles, the embankment fill, and the foundation soil were assumed to deform one-dimensionally. This study investigated the stress concentration on top of the pile, the axial load and skin friction distributions along the pile, and the settlement of the embankment. Comparisons demonstrate that the results from this solution are in good agreement with those obtained using a finite element method. It is worth pointing out that this solution should be applied to the piles close to the centerline of the embankment and not to those near the toe of the embankment because of the two-dimensional loading condition near the toe.
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Wang, Shu Fang, Xian Da Xu, and Cheng Zhong Yang. "Numerical Analysis on the Characteristics of Settlement Deformation of the High Rock-Filled Embankment during the Construction Period." Advanced Materials Research 496 (March 2012): 374–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.496.374.
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Embankment filling is a process step by step. The influences of its filling height changes on the stress and deformation can not be reflected in a load. However, in the actual construction, it leads to quality accident in embankment construction that filling usually doesn’t control the thickness according to the requirement of construction specification. In order to reveal the stress and strain law of about 72 m high rock-filled embankment during the construction, and provide a scientific reference to construction quality control of the embankment, according to the typical cross section of the Hurongxi highway, using two loading modes to simulate the embankment filling, the internal stress, strain and corresponding graphics of different control points of the embankment under the various loads were presented. The results of the two loading modes are analyzed and compared. It shows that the settlement, stress and construction quality control points of the embankment are different and larger under the different loading
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Dickson, Todd H., Donald F. Dwyer, and Dana N. Humphrey. "Prototype Tire-Shred Embankment Construction." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1755, no. 1 (January 2001): 160–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1755-17.
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Koch, Edina. "Monitoring of embankment construction processes." Pollack Periodica 2, no. 1 (April 2007): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/pollack.2.2007.1.8.
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Zydroń, Tymoteusz, Andrzej Gruchot, and Eugeniusz Zawisza. "Geotechnical characteristics of unburnt colliery spoils after coal-recovery." MATEC Web of Conferences 262 (2019): 04006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926204006.
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The aim of the study was to determine the geotechnical characteristics of the unburnt colliery spoils after coal-recovery from the dumping site of one of the mines of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin in Poland. Due to grain-size distribution of tested spoils their geotechnical properties were determined using medium-sized apparatuses. In order to verify the suitability of the studied spoils for the construction of hydraulic embankments, the seepage and stability calculations were conducted for models of hydraulic embankments including the effect of flood wave passage on stress conditions within the construction and their slope stability. The test results revealed, that the studied colliery spoils are characterized by favourable values of geotechnical parameters and they fulfil the requirements for soil materials used in the analysed type of constructions. The spoils are characterized by good compactibility, relatively low water permeability and average susceptibility to mechanical disintegration, which in the case of using this material for the construction of hydraulic embankments and using proper compaction technology, should reduce their susceptibility to weathering. The results of seepage and slope stability calculations for hydraulic embankments built of the studied spoils confirmed their suitability for that type of constructions, retaining the proper inclination of slopes, whereas the variant of embankment without sealing is safer from the stability viewpoint.
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Pei, Guang Chao, Xiao Min Zhang, Jin Yang Li, and Dong Feng Li. "Safety Analysis of Cross Section of Sea Embankment and Viaduct." Advanced Materials Research 838-841 (November 2013): 1719–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.838-841.1719.
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The construction sequence of cross section has a great influence on the construction security when the sea embankment is built across the viaduct and the construction period is close. In this paper, the two-dimensional finite element static analysis of consolidation is employed, and analyzes the effect of construction on the deformation and stress of sea embankment, bridge pier and the pile foundation. At the same time, the interaction principles of soft foundation and bridge are revealed. Put forward the suggested solution of sea embankment and viaduct construction sequence which can provide a reference for the coastal traffic and sea embankment construction.
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Yang, Ling Qiang, and Yan Wang. "Engineering Properties of Bed Sediment as Embankment Material in Yi-River Shandong China." Applied Mechanics and Materials 638-640 (September 2014): 1326–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.638-640.1326.
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Embankment stability can be improved by using good quality fill materials, applying intensive management, and constructing appropriate hydraulic structures. The good quality the fill material for a embankment in the field is the most important factor of embankment construction technology, which uses bed sediment to ensure the safety and cost effectiveness of an embankment. Also, the field compaction characteristics of poorly-graded sand (SP), distributed largely in Yi-river of China in mixing with granitic weathered soil (SW), are analyzed.
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Bian, Xia, Jin-Kai Yan, and Wei Zhang. "Observed Performance of Highway Embankment over Soft Marine Clay: A Case Study in Wenzhou, China." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (August 11, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8813832.
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This paper presents a case history of observed performance of highway embankment over soft marine clay in Wenzhou, China. During the embankment construction, the changes of ground settlement, ground displacement, and lateral displacement of subsoil with the construction time were monitored and analyzed. The monitoring results indicate that the ground settlement and lateral displacement of subsoil account for about 75% in the process of embankment construction. The measured maximum values of ground settlement, ground displacement, and lateral displacement of subsoil are 37.88 mm, 21.50 mm, and 23.56 mm, respectively. After the completion of the embankment construction, the settlement gradually tended to be stable. It is suggested that the monitoring data of settlement and displacement of embankment are smaller than the design requirements, and the embankment stability is also ensured.
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Crawford, C. B., R. J. Fannin, and C. B. Kern. "Embankment failures at Vernon, British Columbia." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 32, no. 2 (April 1, 1995): 271–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t95-029.
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A section of Highway 97, west of Vernon, B.C., is located over a soft-to-firm, compressible, silty clay subsoil. In addition to an extensive site investigation, the performance of two test embankments was observed for 2 years before construction was begun on the highway grade between them. When the highway fill reached a maximum thickness of about 10 m a failure occurred. The design was then changed to include berms on either side, but a second failure occurred when the grade was rebuilt. An undrained back-analysis of the first failure shows the influence of various variables on the factor of safety and illustrates the difficulty of choosing appropriate strength values for design when the site has a strong crust overlying a weaker layer and there is potential for progressive failure. Observations of settlements, pore pressures, and lateral movements in the subsoil describe the performance of the embankment during construction and reveal the importance of strain softening as a factor in the failures. Comparisons with a variety of similar failures in Canada, Scandinavia, and southeast Asia provide some guidance for future construction over similar materials. Key words : case history, embankment failure, field observation, pore pressures, stability, strength, undrained analysis.
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Jeong, Sangseom, Donghee Seo, Jinhyung Lee, and Joogbai Park. "Time-dependent behavior of pile groups by staged construction of an adjacent embankment on soft clay." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 41, no. 4 (August 1, 2004): 644–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t04-024.
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A series of centrifuge model tests were performed to investigate the behavior of pile groups subjected to lateral soil movements by surcharge loading from approach embankments. The emphasis was on quantifying the time-dependent response in terms of deflections, bending moments, and earth pressures acting on pile groups during embankment construction and over short- and long-term periods after embankment construction. A variety of instruments were used to examine the soilpile interaction for pile groups adjacent to surcharge loads. Through these studies, it is found that pile cap deflections and bending moments developed to their maximum values under the short-term surcharge loading and decreased gradually to minimum values under the long-term loading. The ground settlement reached its maximum value under long-term loading, however, due to the consolidation of soft clay. It is also found that the lateral mean pressure acting on the pile is about 0.75 and 0.35 times the surcharge load q (= γH, where γ is the unit weight of the soil and H is the height of the embankment) under short- and long-term loading, respectively.Key words: time-dependent response, lateral soil movements, pile groups, centrifuge model tests, surcharge loads, soft clay.
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Hsieh, Chiwan, and Jeng Wu. "Stabilization of a Vertical Tire Chip Embankment with Geogrids." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1721, no. 1 (January 2000): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1721-05.
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A research project that involves the construction of a full-size geogrid-reinforced test embankment was conducted. Waste tire chips were used as the lightweight backfill for the embankment. The joint research project involved participants from government agencies, academic research institutes, consulting firms, and material suppliers. To meet the function requirements, the north side of the embankment had to be built essentially as a vertical wall. To maintain stability, the vertical side of the embankment was reinforced with geogrids and covered with segmental retaining-wall facing. The objectives of the research study were to evaluate the feasibility of using waste tire chips as embankment backfill material when coupled with geogrid reinforcement and to evaluate the performance of various types of goesynthetic drainage products in the test embankment. To minimize settlement due to compression of the tire chips, various combinations of tire chips and soil mixtures or interlayers were used in the embankment construction. The details of the design and construction of the test embankment are described. Performance of the test embankment is evaluated based on available observation data.
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Qu, Guangfeng, Sean D. Hinchberger, and K. Y. Lo. "Case studies of three-dimensional effects on the behaviour of test embankments." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 46, no. 11 (November 2009): 1356–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t09-060.
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This paper uses both two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) analyses to examine three cases involving the construction of full-scale test embankments to failure on soft clay deposits. By comparing the calculated fill thickness at failure from 2D and 3D analyses, it is shown that 3D effects are significant for all test fills, despite the dramatically different locations, fill thicknesses, and underlying clay deposits. In addition, the calculated undrained displacement and extent of failure from 3D analysis agree well with those measured in each case. The risk of neglecting 3D effects is highlighted by the analyses, where it is shown that failure to account for 3D effects while interpreting the response of a test embankment can lead to unsatisfactory performance of the actual long embankment. Finally, by comparing FE analysis results with well-known bearing capacity factors, it is shown that test embankments with a base length to width ratio less than 2 are more strongly influenced by 3D effects than spread footings on similar soil profiles. The analyses presented in this paper provide practical insight into some factors that should be taken into account for the design and construction of embankments and test fills on soft clay deposits.
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Bryden, Campbell, Kaveh Arjomandi, and Arun Valsangkar. "Evaluation of induced trench twin culverts constructed in deep fill." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 57, no. 9 (September 2020): 1388–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2019-0560.
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When culverts are installed beneath high embankments, earth loads become excessive and the induced trench construction method is a viable design option to reduce the culvert loads to acceptable levels. However, limited field studies evaluating the performance of induced trench twin culverts are reported in the literature and the practicality and effectiveness of the induced trench construction method (in general) has been subject to recent criticism. This paper describes the performance of twin 3048 mm inside-diameter reinforced concrete culverts constructed with an induced trench beneath 15.3 m of fill. Research instruments and autonomous data acquisition systems were installed during construction to monitor (i) culvert earth pressures, (ii) embankment deformations, and (iii) groundwater elevations in the vicinity of the compressible fill. The experimental observations recorded throughout the construction phase are presented herein; the embankment deformations are indicative of effective positive arching within the induced trench region, and the average earth pressure at the culvert crown was reduced to approximately 48% of the overburden soil pressure. The experimental data are compared with those reported in the literature by others, and the conclusions attained from this study demonstrate the effectiveness of the induced trench construction method.
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Wei, Lian Yu, and Zhi Ming Zhang. "Current Situation and Development of Construction’s Control Method that Oversized Earth-Rock Mixtures Subgrade." Applied Mechanics and Materials 170-173 (May 2012): 3190–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.170-173.3190.
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Through large amount analysis of construction site investigation and data, we summed up several constructions control technologies and methods easier to achieve in projects for the aspect of the super-size filling embankment construction control technology.
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Pilecka, Elżbieta, and Magdalena Moskal. "Use of anthropogenic soils in securing unstable road embankment." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 6 (September 7, 2018): 207–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.065.
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In the article the problem of anthropogenic soils from thermal treatment of waste in terms of their use in road construction is discussed. As part of the research, the basic physical and mechanical properties of the anthropogenic soils were determined. PN-S-02205: 1998, the analyzed ground material (fly ash and slag mixture) qualifies as useful for embedding into the lower layers of the embankment below the freezing zone, provided they are in dry places or are insulated from water. The next step was to model an exemplary, unstable road embankment in the MIDAS GTS NX. The results point out that the strength and physical properties of the anthropogenic soils may be used to secure unstable road embankments with simple soil and water conditions. It should be remembered that analysed anthropogenic soils should also be subjected to rigorous testing for their chemical composition. The obtained results will allow us to determine the possibilities of their use in road construction in terms of their strength properties.
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Girsang, Clinton, Paulus Pramono Rahardjo, and Aswin Lim. "Investigation of Pile Behavior Toward Abutment Construction using PLAXIS 3D: Case Study on Lembak Bridge." UKaRsT 5, no. 1 (April 3, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.30737/ukarst.v5i1.1012.
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Soil as a subgrade foundation under embankment construction often creates problems in terms of stability and settlement. Therefore, it needs improvement by using preloading embankment. This article presents the investigation of pile behavior towards two scenarios of abutment construction using Plaxis 3D, a three- dimensional finite element program. The use of two scenarios of analysis was Method A. The abutment construction phase conduct without using a preloading embankment, and Method B, where a preloading embankment constructs before the abutment construction. The case study location at the Lembak bridge. Compare the analysis results with the measured data. Results showed that Method A and Method B's pile deflection yielded four times and one point six times larger than the measure data, respectively. Hence, it indicates that Method B recommends for future construction of bridge abutment.
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Hamdhan, Indra Noer, and Fauziah Fitriani Iskandar. "Analisis Perkuatan Timbunan Di Atas Tanah Lunak Menggunakan Dinding Turap dengan Pendekatan Model Numerik." MEDIA KOMUNIKASI TEKNIK SIPIL 25, no. 1 (August 10, 2019): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/mkts.v25i1.18006.
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Embankment on soft clay may be affect settlement at subgrade, causing lateral deformation and vertical deformation around embankment. Therefore, reinforcement is needed to overcome the effects caused of the embankment. This research was conducted to find out the influence of sheet pile wall of embankment using PLAXIS 2D program based the finite element method. The analysis was done by varying of two condition, they are installation of sheet pile wall under the embankment and the sheet pile wall outside embankment. Sheet pile wall installation is carried out before embankment construction and length of sheet pile wall in this model is 15 m. The soil layers beneath the embankment consist of 10 m layer of soft clay layer and 5 m of sand layer. The height of embankment in this analysis is 8 m, where the constructing of the embankment was done in stages. The distance of sheet pile wall position under embankment from toe of embankment are -9 m, -6 m, -3 m, 0 m, 3 m dan 6 m. The results of analysis show the effective position for displacement are toe of embankment. The Installation of sheet pile walls below the embankment will reducing deformation up to 78% and the safety factor will increase up to 10%.
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Huang, Jie, Jie Han, and James G. Collin. "Geogrid-Reinforced Pile-Supported Railway Embankments." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1936, no. 1 (January 2005): 221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105193600125.
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Piles or columns have been used successfully in combination with geosynthetics to support embankments over soft soil. The inclusion of geosynthetic reinforcement over piles enhances load transfer from soil to piles, reduces total and differential settlements, and increases slope stability. It creates a more economical alternative than that without the geosynthetic. An existing geosynthetic-reinforced pile-supported embankment in Berlin was selected for numerical modeling and analysis. This embankment was constructed to support railways over deep deposits of peat and soft organic soils. Precast piles and caps were installed with a load transfer platform formed by three layers of geogrid and granular materials installed between the piles and the embankment fill. Instrumentation was installed to monitor the settlements of the embankment and the strains in the geogrid layers over time. A finite difference method, incorporated in the fast Lagrangian analysis of continua three-dimensional software, was used to model this embankment. In the numerical analysis, piles were modeled with pile elements, and caps were modeled as an elastic material. Geogrid elements built in the software were used to represent the geogrid reinforcement. Embankment fill, soft soil, firm soil, and platform fill material were modeled as linearly elastic perfectly plastic materials with Mohr–Coulomb failure criteria. The embankment was built by a number of lifts to simulate its construction. Numerical results and comparisons with field measurements on the vertical and lateral displacements, the tension along the reinforcement, and the axial forces and moments on piles are presented.
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Talchabhadel, Rocky, Hajime Nakagawa, and Kenji Kawaike. "Sediment management in tidal river: A case study of East Beel Khuksia, Bangladesh." E3S Web of Conferences 40 (2018): 02050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184002050.
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The widespread construction of coastal embankments limited the natural deposition on the floodplain and accelerated the silt deposition in river channels. It resulted in drainage congestion and large-scale waterlogging problem. The temporary de-poldering is one of the effective methods to solve this issue. During high tide, muddy water enters the selected tidal basin depositing a major portion of sediment and at low tide, relatively clearer water erodes the riverbed. This paper presents a twodimensional numerical model to simulate the mechanism of sediment transport and deposition during the process of controlled flooding. The model was applied to three different scenarios of the embankment cuts in East beel Khuksia, Bangladesh. The study recommends operating single embankment cut at a time if the tidal equilibrium is fulfilled by the opening size of that embankment cut. The developed model can be used to assess the land heightening in sediment-starved tidal basins and ultimately plan the rotation of tidal basins for sustainable sediment management.
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Debbabi, Imad Eddine, Remadna Mohamed Saddek, Ahmad Safuan A. Rashid, and Abubakar Sadiq Muhammed. "Numerical Modeling of Encased Stone Columns Supporting Embankments on Sabkha Soil." Civil Engineering Journal 6, no. 8 (August 1, 2020): 1593–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2020-03091569.
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The present research work is concerned with the construction of road embankments on a specific soil called Sabkha in Algeria. This soil is not only soft and very humid during the flooding seasons but also has frequent small areas of very soft soil which we here call Locally Weak Zones (LWZ). LWZ is characterized by low strength and high compressibility. The paper presents the results of two-dimensional axisymmetric numerical analyze that were carried out using PLAXIS 2D 2017, for the modeling of an embankment supported by stone columns on Sabkha soil. The study focuses on the evaluation of the maximum bulging of the stone column and on the settlement of the embankment. It has been demonstrated that Ordinary Stone Columns (OSC) were ineffective due to excessive bulging (221.16 mm) caused by the lack of lateral pressure. On the other hand, the Encased Stone Columns (ESC) showed good behavior, namely a much reduced bulging (42.09 mm) and a reasonable settlement (0.962 m vs. 1.560 m for an OSC) so that it is possible to build safe very high embankments. The numerical analysis also shows that the length of the encasement should just be greater than the depth of the LWZ. Besides, an extensive parametric study was conducted to investigate the effects of the variations of embankment height, stiffness of geosynthetic, the depth of the locally weak zone, area replacement ratio (ARR), and the stone column friction angle, on the performance of the (ESC) - embankment composite in (LWZ). Some important guidelines for selecting the ideal encased stone column (ESC) to support embankments on over locally weak zone were established through this numerical study.
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Li, Peng, and Hai Tao Wan. "Study on Model for Settlement Prediction of High-Filled Embankment in Mountainous Area." Applied Mechanics and Materials 178-181 (May 2012): 1344–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.178-181.1344.
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Mountain high-filled embankment settlement prediction methods need to do some research. With the analysis of the experimental observation’s results, obtained some factors that influence the settlement. Then through the comparison of these three kinds of calculation models with the measured data, obtained the results which are suitable for the construction of the medium range estimate are as follows: Hyperbolic curve method and Exponential curve method. As gray prediction theory method is suitable for the long-term prediction after construction. The comparisons the accuracy of these different methods can provide reference for the prediction of embankment for similar constructions.