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1
Eduarda, Silva Barbieri Cleto, Machado Maia Carvalho Thiago, and Bonfante de Oliveira Cláudio. "USO DA TÉCNICA DE GRAMPEAMENTO DE SOLO PARA ESTABILIZAÇÃO DE TALUDES." Revistaft 27, no. 122 (2023): 17. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7933017.
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O emprego de técnicas para a estabilização de taludes vem se tornando de grande importância atualmente devido a grande ocupação de áreas de encostas naturais por conta do crescimento populacional desenfreado. O presente artigo apresenta uma breve definição de taludes, listando as principais classificações de escorregamentos, assim como os tipos de contenções que podem ser usadas como alternativa para estabilização dos maciços de solo. Apresenta o emprego da técnica de solo grampeado, as etapas do seu processo e os benefícios, como a viabilidade técnica-econômica.
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Saad, Issa Sarsam. "Assessing the Resistance to Capillary Rise of Moisture of Asphalt Stabilized Embankment model." Journal of Advances in Geotechnical Engineering 6, no. 3 (2023): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8255449.
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<em>One of the major durability problems of roadway embankment that is constructed with Gypseous soil is the continuous dissolution of the gypsum due to the capillary rise of moisture throughout its service life. Restriction of the dissolution may be ensured by stabilizing the Gypseous soil with emulsified liquid asphalt. In the present investigation, Gypseous soil was implemented in the construction of an embankment model in the laboratory. Cationic emulsion was used to stabilize the soil. The control and the stabilized soil embankment models were subjected to capillary rise of moisture from the base of the model. The vertical deformation was monitored on the surface of the embankment model for dry and capillary rise absorbed soil models before and after stabilization with emulsion. It was observed that the vertical deformation of the control model increases significantly after absorption. However, it decline by 45 % after stabilization when tested in the dry condition. The vertical deformation declines by 95.8 % after stabilization when tested under the capillary rise absorption condition.</em>
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Aslam, Zul, and Nurly Gofar. "THE EFFECT OF SOIL STABILIZATION AND REINFORCEMENT ON THE STABILITY OF EMBANKMENT ON SOFT SOIL." Jurnal Teknik Sipil 18, no. 2 (2022): 356–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.28932/jts.v18i2.4613.
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The construction of toll roads in South Sumatra faces two problems. First, most of the road sections are built on soft soil deposits, so the soil must be improved to speed up consolidation process and to improve bearing capacity. Second, the embankment required to reach the design elevation of the toll road is quite high so that reinforcement is needed to improve slope stability. This paper contains the results of a study on the effect of soil improvement using PVD and vacuum pressure, installation of geotextile layers and pile at the toe of embankment slopes, on the stability of the embankment. The analysis were carried out using data obtained from the construction of the Kayu Agung – Palembang toll road Section 1A, including geometry data, soil stratification, and configuration of PVD installation and soil reinforcement. Slope stability analysis was carried out using the Morgenstern & Price method which is integrated in SLOPE/W program. The results of the analysis show that the safe embankment height for the original soil condition is 3.5 m while the required height of embankment was 6 m. Analysis made for the 6 m high embankment using soil properties after ground improvement with PVD and vacuum pressure shows the FoS is still below 1.5. The presence of geotextile layers and pile improved the performance of the embankment and increased the FoS to 2.410. The slope is still in a safe condition with FoS of 1.762 after the construction of toll road and traffic load which induces a combined load of 35 kPa.
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Roslan, Nurhakimi, Nur Faezah Yahya, Chee-Ming Chan, Salina Sani, and Mohammad Zawawi Rosman. "Conceptual analysis of seepage control for Senggarang Coastal Embankment with chemically-stabilized backfill." Maritime Technology and Research 4, no. 4 (2022): 258113. http://dx.doi.org/10.33175/mtr.2022.258113.
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One of the common problems of coastal embankments is water seepage. The Senggarang Coastal Embankment (SCE) is examined in the present work, with the objective of proposing the improvement of the earth structure via chemical stabilization. The stabilized soil embankment was simulated and analyzed with PLAXIS 8 to identify a conceptual proposition of solution using a conventional and innovative stabilizer, i.e., lime-ZnO and cement-CSP (cockle shell powder). The base of the embankment was assumed to be bedrock, in order to eliminate the passage of water below the embankment. Stabilization was taken as 100 % for the embankment, i.e., a homogeneous earth structure made entirely of stabilized soil for seepage mitigation. Input parameters for the simulations were acquired from both field samples and past studies. Varying water levels due to tidal effect were applied in the model to determine the changes of pore pressure distribution which could potentially lead to instability of the embankment. As water level increases with the rising tide, total displacement of the original earth embankment was found to increase as the soil weakened, with decreasing effective shear stress. Replacement of the embankment backfill with cement-CSP and lime-ZnO were both observed to significantly reduce the displacements. The use of both stabilizers not only improves the SCE’s engineering performance in terms of reduced water seepage and displacement, accompanied by increased strength, but the ‘green’ nature of the former, as derived from organic waste, also enhances the appeal of the stabilization technique.
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Mumtaz, Mardia, K.M Bipul Shahriar, and Saurav Barua. "Characterization of High Plastic Clay Under Varying Proportion Ordinary Portland Cement for Soil-Cement Stabilization." Daffodil International University 16, no. 1 (2024): 6–11. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13827005.
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The study investigates the influence of varying proportion of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) in high plastic clay soil while soil-cement stabilization of road embankment. Since, high plastic clay is unsuitable as subbase material of road embankment, our study provided as a guideline for the mixing ratios of OPC in soil-cement stabilization in this regard. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of soil samples were increased significantly with the addition of OPC to the soil. Optimum moisture content increased with higher percentage of cement added to soil. Besides, UCS of soil-cement mixture were improved with the increase of curing period. On contrary, increasing %OPC in soil-cement stabilization is costly. The test results recommended that the addition of 10% cement was sufficient enough to gain adequate UCS within 1- day curing.
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Eksana Wibowo, Dian, Dymas Agung Ramadhan, Endaryanta ., and Hakas Prayuda. "Soil stabilization using rice husk ash and cement for pavement subgrade materials." Revista de la construcción 22, no. 1 (2023): 192–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.7764/rdlc.22.1.192.
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This study employs rice husk ash and pozzolan cement as additional soil stabilization materials. This study aims to evaluate the bearing capacity of the soil to be used as embankment soil for subgrade pavement materials. The soil samples were collected from two different areas in the Yogyakarta region, Indonesia, namely the Wates and Imogiri regions. This study consists of experimental approach that defines a soil embankment for road subgrade with a trapezoid-shaped with top dimension of 10 cm x 20 cm, a base dimension of (20 cm x 40 cm), and a height of 10 cm. In addition, the specimens in this study were divided into two groups: the embankment with a 1 cm-thick sand base and the embankment without a sand base. The USCS classified the samples from Wates as OH-type or organic clays with moderate to high plasticity and by AASTHO as group of A-7-5 (22). The soil from Imogiri was categorized as inorganic silt or fine diatoms sand with OH clumps or AASTHO classified this soil as group A-7-5 (11). The addition of rice husk ash and pozzolan cement as stabilizing soil materials has a moderate effect on the engineering properties of the soil, particularly the bearing capacity and bearing capacity ratio of soil. This soil stabilization also demonstrates that the engineering properties of the stabilized soil significantly improved compared to the original soil without stabilization.
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Saad, I. Sarsam, Al-Saidi Aamal, and Falih Mustafa. "Assessing the Influence of Asphalt Stabilization on the Deformation Resistance of Reinforced Earth Embankment Model." Journal of Earthquake Science and Soil Dynamics Engineering 6, no. 3 (2023): 32–43. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10158428.
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<i>Construction of roadway embankment with Gypseous soil exhibits hazard for the long-term performance. The Gypseous soil is known to exhibit suitable strength after compaction; however, it loses the strength when subjected to environmental issues such as rain and the variation in the water table level. In the present investigation, an attempt has been made to implement Gypseous soil with 84.2 % of gypsum content which was obtained from Tikret region, (180 km north of Baghdad) in the preparation of an embankment model in the laboratory. The Gypseous soil was compacted to 95 % of its maximum pre-determined dry unit weight of (16.4 kN/m3 ) in six layers in a metal box with the dimensions of (50 x 50 x 30) cm and each layer is of 5 cm thickness to form a control embankment model, and subjected to vertical stress. Test was carried out using proving ring of 5 kN capacity. The vertical and lateral deformations of the embankment model were monitored until failure.<strong> </strong>The second embankment model was constructed using an aluminum reinforcing strips spread at five layers of the embankment height. The aluminum reinforcing strips was laid at equal spaces between each of them, which means that each layer was reinforced with four strips at a spacing of 10 cm center to center. The vertical and lateral deformations were also monitored until failure. In the third embankment model, the Gypseous soil was stabilized with M-30 cutback asphalt, then the embankment model was constructed using an aluminum reinforcing strips as in the second model. The fourth embankment model was constructed using the aluminum strips and a stabilized Gypseous soil with cationic emulsion. It was observed that the reinforced and the emulsion stabilized embankment models exhibits lower vertical deformation of (40 and 30) % as compared with the control embankment. On the other hand, the lateral deformation at the third embankment layer declines by (50, 39.2, and 35.7) % when the emulsion, cutback, and earth reinforcements were implemented respectively as compared with the control model. However, the lateral deformation at the fifth layer declines by (68.4, 55.5, and 68.4) % when the emulsion, cutback, and earth reinforcements were implemented respectively as compared with the control model. It was concluded that implementation of cutback and emulsion stabilization in addition to the earth reinforcement can better sustain vertical stresses applied on the embankment surface and present a sustainable solution for the roadway infrastructure.</i>
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Hsieh, Chiwan, and Jeng Wu. "Stabilization of a Vertical Tire Chip Embankment with Geogrids." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1721, no. 1 (2000): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1721-05.
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A research project that involves the construction of a full-size geogrid-reinforced test embankment was conducted. Waste tire chips were used as the lightweight backfill for the embankment. The joint research project involved participants from government agencies, academic research institutes, consulting firms, and material suppliers. To meet the function requirements, the north side of the embankment had to be built essentially as a vertical wall. To maintain stability, the vertical side of the embankment was reinforced with geogrids and covered with segmental retaining-wall facing. The objectives of the research study were to evaluate the feasibility of using waste tire chips as embankment backfill material when coupled with geogrid reinforcement and to evaluate the performance of various types of goesynthetic drainage products in the test embankment. To minimize settlement due to compression of the tire chips, various combinations of tire chips and soil mixtures or interlayers were used in the embankment construction. The details of the design and construction of the test embankment are described. Performance of the test embankment is evaluated based on available observation data.
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Chaiyaput, Salisa, Nakib Arwaedo, Pitthaya Jamsawang, and Jiratchaya Ayawanna. "Natural Para Rubber in Road Embankment Stabilization." Applied Sciences 12, no. 3 (2022): 1394. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12031394.
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This is the first study on “ribbed smoked sheets (RSS)” as a geogrid reinforcement in geotechnical engineering. An RSS is a kind of natural para rubber. RSS (grade 3) was designed as a biaxial geogrid with an aperture size of 20 mm × 20 mm and a spacing of 20 mm. The RSS was found to be a significant functional layer when applied to the subbase lateritic soil layer. The lateritic soil with an RSS reinforcing layer was greatly improved regarding the California bearing ratio (CBR). Numerical simulation using two-dimensional finite element software was used to determine the optimal number and positions of the RSS reinforcing layers in road embankment stabilization. The simulation data in terms of horizontal displacement of unreinforced road embankments was validated by the collected data from the actual construction site. The RSS reinforced layer was varied from one to three layers under 61 analysis conditions. The highest safety factor was obtained with two layers of RSS at 0.1H below the top of the road embankment and 0.4H below the first RSS layer, suggesting a suitable installation of the RSS reinforcing layer. The RSS is thus strongly recommended as a reinforcing material in low CBR lateritic soil for the road embankment.
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Raja, Ramiz, Supriya Pal, and Arindam Karmakar. "IN-SITU REMEDIATION OF HEAVY METAL CONTAMINATED SITES THROUGH MECHANICAL STABILIZATION USING INDUSTRIAL WASTE PRODUCTS." Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management 30, no. 2 (2022): 301–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2022.17077.
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The present study aimed to assess the stabilization performance of fly ash, blast furnace slag and quick lime for heavy metals in contaminated soil at a landfill site at Kolkata, West Bengal, India. The physical properties and strength parameters of the contaminated soil substantially increased after additives application. Moreover, the heavy metal concentrations in the leachate of the polluted soil were found almost nil after optimum blending of the additives mechanically with the soil and post-curing for 7 days. The numerical modeling studies were also carried out using PLAXISTM 3D software to ascertain the improvement of safety factor and deformation caused at the foundation level of an embankment constructed on such stabilized soil. The vertical displacement of the embankment founded on stabilized soil reduced from 194.3 to 136.3 mm and the safety factor of the embankment slope (1 V:1.5 H) increased from 2.5 to 3.2 under drained condition.
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Kushwaha, S. S., D. Kishan, and N. Dindorkar. "Stabilization of Expansive Soil Using Eko Soil Enzyme For Highway Embankment." Materials Today: Proceedings 5, no. 9 (2018): 19667–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2018.06.329.
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Saad, Issa Sarsam. "Monitoring the Behavior of Stabilized Earth under Absorption and Cyclic Loading." Journal of Advances in Geotechnical Engineering 6, no. 3 (2023): 22–30. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8333980.
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<em>Stabilization of Gypseous soil with liquid asphalt and implication of reinforcing strips into the embankment model can enhance the sustainability and long service life of the roadway. In this assessment, the soil stabilization technique with liquid asphalt (medium curing cutback and cationic emulsion) and the earth reinforcement (aluminum strips) have been implemented to construct a soil embankment models in the laboratory using Gypseous soil. The embankment model was subjected to cyclic loading, and the vertical and horizontal deformations were monitored under each load repetition. The Poisson ratio was calculated and its influence on the deformation was monitored. It was observed that </em><em>implementation of both types of liquid asphalt exhibit positive influence on the resistance to vertical and lateral deformation as compared with the dry or absorbed soil sample models.</em><em>The lateral deformation is significantly lower than the vertical deformation by (82.6, 61.1, 67.5, and 66.6) % for absorbed, dry, cutback stabilized, and emulsion stabilized soil models respectively. It was concluded that the sign of failure of the soil models could be observed by the decline of the Poisson ratio to (0.2, 0.32, 0.3, and 0.32) for absorbed, dry, cutback stabilized, and emulsion stabilized soil models after practicing (40, 150, 500, and 1000) loading cycles respectively.</em>
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Sun, Gaochen, Long Li, Yufan Huo, et al. "Stabilization Effects of Inclined Soil–Cement Continuous Mixing Walls for Existing Warm Frozen Soil Embankments." Buildings 14, no. 7 (2024): 1892. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14071892.
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Affected by climate warming and anthropogenic disturbances, the thermo-mechanical stability of warm and ice-rich frozen ground along the Qinghai–Tibet Railway (QTR) is continuously decreasing, and melting subsidence damage to existing warm frozen soil (WFS) embankments is constantly occurring, thus seriously affecting the stability and safety of the existing WFS embankments. In this study, in order to solve the problems associated with the melting settlement of existing WFS embankments, a novel reinforcement technology for ground improvement, called an inclined soil–cement continuous mixing wall (ISCW), is proposed to reinforce embankments in warm and ice-rich permafrost regions. A numerical simulation of a finite element model was conducted to study the freeze–thaw process and evaluate the stabilization effects of the ISCW on an existing WFS embankment of the QTR. The numerical investigations revealed that the ISCW can efficiently reduce the melt settlement in the existing WFS embankment, as well as increase the bearing capacity of the existing WFS embankment, making it favorable for improving the bearing ability of composite foundations. The present investigation breaks through the traditional ideas of “active cooling” and “passive protection” and provides valuable guidelines for the choice of engineering supporting techniques to stabilize existing WFS embankments along the QTR.
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Al-Homoud, Azm S., Ahmad B. Tal, and Abdallah I. Husein (Malkawi). "Instability and stabilization of an embankment on the Irbid–Amman Highway in Jordan." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 31, no. 6 (1994): 1015–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t94-116.
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This paper includes a summary of a geotechnical investigation of an embankment site at station 47 + 300 along the Irbid–Amman Highway in Jordan. The embankment suffered instability problems. This study includes geological and geotechnical mapping of the study area as well as determination of the engineering properties of the various materials encountered at the site.Stability analysis is carried out for the original embankment to explain the failure mechanism, assess the condition at the time of failure, and evaluate the soil parameters for use in stability analysis of remedial measures. Stability analysis is carried out for remedial works. Recommendations are suggested to stabilize the sliding area and to repair the road traversing this landslide zone. Key words : slope stability, embankment, remediation.
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Mekhmonov, Mashkhurbek, Shukhratjon Makhamadjonov, and Akmal Uralov. "Stabilization of embankments and coastal bridges with reinforced concrete piles." E3S Web of Conferences 508 (2024): 08018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202450808018.
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The article presents the main types of problems in the interface zone of the coastal bridge support with the railway roadbed, the causes of their occurrence. At the transition sections, there is a significant increase in the resulting pressure (Ea) on the shore support of the bridge, under the influence of the train load as a result of an increase in the active soil pressure. The pressures acting on the upper and lower points of the coastal support are determined depending on the height of the embankment, the fictitious height of the train load and the specific gravity of the soil in the transitional sections. The change in the resulting pressure arising from the embankment soils in different soils is calculated on the basis of theoretical calculations and is shown on the graph.
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Saad, Issa Sarsam. "Contribution of Liquid Asphalt in the Fluctuation of Poisson Ratio of Reinforced Earth Model." Journal of Advances in Geotechnical Engineering 6, no. 2 (2023): 10–18. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8004330.
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<em>Poisson’s ratio is a suitable measure of the amount of lateral strain in the soil caused due to the vertical strain of the soil. It is an essential measure of the strength property of the soil. In the present work, an attempt has been made to construct an embankment model in the laboratory using Gypseous soil. Earth reinforcement (aluminum strips) and soil stabilization with liquid asphalt (emulsion and cutback) have been implemented in the preparation of the model. The embankment model was subjected to dynamic compressive stresses, and the vertical and horizontal strains were monitored under each load repetition. The Poisson ratio was calculated and its fluctuation among the loading period and layer depth was detected and analyzed. It was observed that a restricted fluctuation of the Poisson ratio was observed under absorbed condition as compared with that at dry test condition for control model. Higher Poisson ratio was obtained when the soil was stabilized with emulsion while lower Poisson ratio was reached when cutback asphalt was implemented in the stabilization as compared with the control model.</em>
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Khor, Z. P., M. L. Lee, S. Y. Wong, A. A. Mohamed, and T. L. Lau. "Parametric study of embankment stabilization by pile reinforcement." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1135, no. 1 (2023): 012026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1135/1/012026.
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Abstract Stabilising piles have been proven as an effective slope stabilization approach. This study aims to investigate the optimal location of stabilising pile for an embankment slope with a surcharge loading at crest. A series of finite element analyses were performed to determine the optimal location of the pile with considerations of varying slope gradients. An additional analysis was performed to compare the factor of safety computed from the present 2D analysis with the previous 3D analysis. The results showed that the introduction of the stabilising pile could effectively minimise the deformed soil mass and slip surface, with the greatest improvement recorded for the embankment of 1.5V:1H gradient. The optimal pile location was found to be at the middle of the slope. The pile influence zone (Wpile ) obtained from the present numerical study showed reasonably good agreement with previous results of centrifuge experiments. Based on the comparison of factor of safety computed from the present 2D analysis with a previous 3D analysis, the 2D analysis generally yielded a more conservative FOS (about 20% lower) than the more rigorous 3D analysis because of the absence of soil arching effect. As conclusions, it is recommended to install piles at the middle of slope to yield the most favourable slope stabilization effect. A simple 2D analysis can be used to analyse the problem of pile stabilised embankment with a slightly more conservative FOS was expected than the rigorous 3D analysis.
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Yuswandono, Mulyadi, Dewi Amalia, Rahmat Permana, et al. "The Effect of Polyacrylamide Polymer Stabilization Soil on the Magnitude of Settlement and Stability of Bridge Approach Slabs." Potensi: Jurnal Sipil Politeknik 26, no. 1 (2024): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.35313/potensi.v26i1.5840.
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The main problems that often occur in embankments built on soft soil are subsidence of the subgrade and stability of the embankment. This research aims to determine the effect of applying silty clay soil stabilized by PAM on subgrade subsidence and embankment operation stability. Apart from that, this research also analyzes the effect of variations in slope on subgrade subsidence and embankment stability. Analysis uses the finite element method with Plaxis 2D V20 software. From the analysis results it is known that the use of 0.2% PAM stabilized silty clay backfill material; 0.4%; 0.6%; 0.8%; and 1% has a higher Safety Factor (SF) value than the selected embankment, where the SF increase is 28.72%; 29.90%; 30.81%; 32.75%; and 33.10%, respectively. The use of silty clay material stabilized by PAM (0.2%; 0.4%; 0.6%; 0.8%; and 1%) succeeded in reducing settlement occurring in the field respectively by 10.23%; 6.77%; 5.79%; 4.41%; and 1.09%. This means saving on the need for stockpiled materials. Variations in slope affect the decrease in the stability of the subgrade and embankments, where the smaller the slope angle, the smaller the subsidence of the subgrade and the greater the value of the embankment stability safety figure obtained.
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Reddy K L, Venkateshwara, and Satyanarayana Murty Dasaka. "Stabilization of expansive soil for highway embankment: a critical review." Japanese Geotechnical Society Special Publication 10, no. 41 (2024): 1554–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3208/jgssp.v10.os-30-06.
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Adigopal, Yara, and Kommineni Hemantha Raja. "Alluvial soil stabilization using polypropylene fibers and marble dust in the embankment of flexible pavement." E3S Web of Conferences 391 (2023): 01034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339101034.
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A solid infrastructure is built in part by stabilizing the soil. Strength of the earth not only bears weight of load, but also rigidity, stability, and strength of structure. A crucial component for the construction of any project is soil with sufficient bearing capacity. Construction best practices include actual classification of strength criteria. Researchers have always had a particular interest in soil stabilization, and a variety of techniques as well as numerous additives—most notably cement, lime, fly ash, etc.—have been used to stabilize soil. Utilization of marble dust powder and polypropylene fiber is main topic of interest in soil stabilization research10%, 20%, and 30% of the soil weight as well as 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% of PPF soil weight were extracted as marble dust. To understand their impact on soil stabilization, many soil characteristics were investigated. OMC-MDD, CBR, and UCS are the criteria this study took into account. According to IS 2720, test was carried out. Soil having 30% marble dust produced greatest results for OMC and MDD, whereas the soil containing 30% marble dust (MD) and 0.1% polypropylene fibers (PPF) produced best results for CBR. The investigation results an acceptable and significant improvement of soil properties.
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Tregub, O. V., V. V. Kovalov, Yev O. Lando, S. M. Kochan, and I. G. Andreieva. "NUMERICAL MODELING OF THE STRESS-STRAIN STATE OF THE ROAD EMBANKMENT DURING CONSTRUCTION ON SOFT SOILS." Ukrainian Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture, no. 2 (026) (April 27, 2025): 126–39. https://doi.org/10.30838/ujcea.2312.270425.126.1152.
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Problem statement. Ensuring the bearing capacity of bases is a pressing issue in the construction of roads and artificial structures on soft soils. The method of preloading the base ensures the strengthening of soft soils. However, the calculation and design methodology for the roadbed, taking into account the specific features of its interaction with the soil base during construction, requires improvement. The purpose of the research is to improve the methodology of numerical modeling using the finite element method (FEM) for the stress-strain state (SSS) of road embankments during construction on soft soils, taking into account their precompression. Research Results. The reliability of soil models was assessed through test numerical modeling of field tests on foundations using the ideal elastic-plastic model with the Mohr-Coulomb strength criterion and the Hardening Soil model, utilizing the PLAXIS 3D software. The study considered tasks such as modeling the stress-strain state (SSS) during loading and partial unloading (precompression effect) of a soft soil layer during the construction of a road embankment, determining the time required for settlement stabilization, modeling the SSS during the compaction of soft soil with vertical sand drains and a filtration layer, and modeling the embankment on a sand cushion. Based on the numerical modeling results, the dimensions of the strengthening and plastic deformation zones in the base and the allowable pressure for soil improvement were determined. The consolidation time of the soil and settlement stabilization of the foundation were calculated based on the dissipation of excess pore pressure in the soft water-saturated soil layer. The stability of the embankment slopes was checked by calculating the “safety factors”. Conclusions. For modeling the FEM SSS of foundations under loading and partial unloading (precompression effect) of a soft soil layer during the construction of a road embankment, the use of an elastic-plastic isotropic hardening model is advisable. The application of the preload method using a filtering embankment with vertical drains will strengthen the soft soils and increase the bearing capacity of the foundation in a short period, allowing the road to be used without significant additional deformations, thus enhancing its reliability during operation. The proposed method of numerical modeling FEM SSS can be applied in the design of structures on soft soils, which involves the calculation of settlements and stresses, excess pore pressure, consolidation time, analysis of plastic deformation zones, soil strengthening and stability.
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Kushwaha, S. S., D. Kishan, M. S. Chauhan, and S. Khetawath. "Stabilization of Red mud using eko soil enzyme for highway embankment." Materials Today: Proceedings 5, no. 9 (2018): 20500–20512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2018.06.427.
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Perri, Giusi, Manuel De De Rose, Josipa Domitrović, and Rosolino Vaiana. "CO2 Impact Analysis for Road Embankment Construction: A Comparative Environmental Assessment of Lignin and Lime Soil Stabilization Treatments." Sustainability 15, no. 3 (2023): 1912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15031912.
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The last decade has witnessed increased attention toward products, services, and works with reduced environmental impacts. In the field of road construction, the use of alternative materials, wastes, or by-products obtained from industries is attracting considerable interest. The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a powerful project-level tool that allows the assessment of the environmental impacts of a road infrastructure, from raw materials production to end of life phase. In this study, the environmental impacts (in terms of global warming potential-GWP) of an embankment construction project are investigated by a cradle-to-gate approach. The analysis focuses on all the processes involved in the construction of an embankment section, from the base to the preparation of the pavement formation level. The results are provided for two different road types and two different stabilization methods, including the use of lignin and lime. All processes that contribute towards global warming are investigated and described in detail. The most important finding of the LCA, in terms of GWP, is that the production of materials is the phase that contributes the significant share of the total environmental impact (more than 90%) for all scenarios. The lowest production-related emissions can be recorded for the scenarios involving lignin treatment for the stabilization of the embankment body. Furthermore, the percentage increase in GWP ranges between 51% and 39% for transportation activities and 10–11% for construction activities, comparing the scenarios including lime stabilization with the scenarios involving lignin treatment.
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KOBAYASHI, Haruo, Hiroyuki NAKANO, Shinji FUKUSHIMA, and Akira KITAJIMA. "Soil Stabilization to Prevent Slaking of Mud-Stone Gravely Soil in Terre-Armee Embankment." Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshu, no. 645 (2000): 291–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscej.2000.645_291.
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Song, Wen Ming, Yi Min Wang, and Ye Kai Chen. "Performance of Abutment with Geocell Reinforced Cement Soil Backfill." Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 860–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.860.
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Unconfined compressive strength tests of soil with different cement dosage of stabilization have been conducted to determine the optimum cement stabilizing dosage. And, the shear strength and deformation of the geocell reinforced cement soil have been investigated through a serial of direct shear tests and plate-loading tests. The results show that there is a significant improvement on shear strength and modulus of the soil by reinforcement. Moreover, FEM has been used to simulate and analyze the performance of abutment with geocell reinforced cement soil backfill. And the comparison of the computing results to field testing results has been carried out. The research results indicate that: the abutment with wedge-shape geocell reinforced cement soil backfill has remarkable effect on decreasing the differential settlement on bridge-embankment transition section. The gradient of settlement along the longitudinal direction of bridge-embankment gets much more smooth-going and less.
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Zhang, Rui, Mingxu Long, and Jianlong Zheng. "Comparison of Environmental Impacts of Two Alternative Stabilization Techniques on Expansive Soil Slopes." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (October 31, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9454929.
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Two alternative techniques, the lime stabilization technique (LST) and the geogrid reinforcement technique (GRT), are both useful to stabilize expansive soil slopes, but their impacts on the environment need be further evaluated. Based on a case study, two techniques as well as their construction processes were introduced. The energy consumption and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions were investigated by the life cycle assessment (LCA). The sensitivity analyses were carried out, including the lime content for LST, the reinforcement spacing for GRT, the embankment height, delivery distance, and treatment width for both techniques. From the LCA results, with the GRT, the energy consumption and CO2 emissions can be reduced by 7.52% and 57.09%, respectively. The main sources of two techniques are raw material production, soil transportation, and paving stage while the CO2 emissions of lime production are about 11.68 times of those of geogrid production. From the sensitivity analysis results, as the lime content of LST increases by 1%, the total energy consumption and CO2 emissions increase by 8.27% and 13.16%, respectively; as the reinforcement spacing of GRT increases by 0.05 m, the total energy consumption and CO2 emissions increase by 1.63% and 0.69%, respectively; as the embankment height increases by 1 m, the increase rates of energy consumption and CO2 emissions of LST are 1.68 and 1.61 times of those of GRT, respectively. In this project, when the embankment height is less than 10 m, the geogrid technique has the advantages of energy-saving and emission-reduction. It was found that the GRT is not sensitive to the change of delivery distance and treatment width and significantly reduces the environmental impacts, especially in reducing the impact of global warming.
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Mohd Pauzi, Nur Irfah, Vahed Ghiasi, Ibrahim Razzi, and Mohd Shahril Mat Radhi. "Utilization of Waste Aggregate for Aggregate Construction for Improvement of Soil Bearing Capacity." MATEC Web of Conferences 400 (2024): 02005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202440002005.
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Soil bearing capacity is one of the important elements when designing the foundation, bridges, and embankment. The soil bearing capacity needs to be improved due to the weak soil such as clayey silt or silty clay soil that was encountered at the construction site. There are many stabilizations method such as bio treatment of the subgrade, chemical stabilization method, chemical grouting or injection systems, aggregates, or reuse of the waste materials, geosynthetic reinforced embankment and vibro compaction. One of the most common chemical stabilization methods is by using additives to improve soil strength. There are a few wastes material that can be used for strengthening clay soil which is more economic and environmentally friendly. The objective of this research is to improve the soil engineering parameters and bearing capacity using Recycled Waste Aggregates (RWA). In this study, soil samples will be added with different percentage weight of RWA and undergo a few series of laboratory experiments to study its behavior which will be sieve analysis, specific gravity, compaction, and California Bearing Ratio (CBR). The optimization of the percentage of recycled concrete aggregates can be determined from the simulation method. For bearing capacity value, the increase of bearing capacity greatly increases as the percentage of RCA increased and the optimum percentage of RCA is 15%. It concluded that the increasing value of RCA will improve the strength and soil subgrade structures. Recycled Concrete Aggregates have a really great potential material to be used in engineering.
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Hafiz, Idham, Vivi Bachtiar, R. M. Rustamaji, Eka Priadi, and R. M. Rustamaji. "STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF SOIL-CEMENT STABILIZATION IN THE LOWER ROAD FOUNDATION LAYER USING SPENT BLEACHING EARTH STABILIZER IN TERMS OF SOIL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES." Jurnal Teknik Sipil 23, no. 3 (2023): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/jts.v23i3.65918.
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In road construction planning, soil plays a primary role that will be examined. In geotechnical engineering, soil stabilization is one of the engineering sciences and efforts to enhance soil characteristics. Unbeknownst to many, ideas and concepts are generated to create new innovative materials that can replace or supplement existing materials. Based on this, the concept of utilizing spent bleaching earth (SBE) waste material emerged. With the advancement of engineering knowledge, particularly in the field of geotechnical engineering, soil stabilization is employed as an effort to improve soil characteristics. By utilizing SBE and cement as materials for soil stabilization in dams, the changes in the physical properties of the embankment soil before and after stabilization are examined. The physical property results are obtained through testing. Each obtained result is compared against the lower road foundation layer specifications based on the General Specifications for Road and Bridge Construction Works 2018 (Revision 2). Based on the testing and analysis, the plasticity index value with an optimum content of 10% and a curing time of 14 days, which is 7.576%, has met the requirements for constructing Class B roads' lower road foundation layer.
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Zhao, Yingying, Yang Yang, Xianzhang Ling, Guoyu Li, and Weiming Gong. "Mechanical Behaviors of Natural Sand Soils and Modified Soils in Heavy-Haul Railway Embankment." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (August 27, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8843164.
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The addition of chemical or mechanical materials, such as fibers or stabilizers, is frequently utilized in geotechnical engineering to improve the mechanical properties of problematic soils. In this study, great efforts have been made to obtain insight into the mechanical properties of the natural, fiber, and chemical additive-stabilized soil in heavy-haul railway embankment. A series of triaxial compression tests are conducted on the stabilized samples of different preparation conditions, including water content, compaction degree, confining pressure, fiber content, fiber length, stabilizer content, and curing time. Results show that the shear strength of natural soils shows a distinct increase after adding fiber and chemical additive stabilization. The optimum fiber content and length for fiber stabilization are 0.2% and 12 mm, respectively. The initial tangential modulus and failure stress of chemical stabilized samples increase with the increase of additive dosage or curing time. Meanwhile, a brittle characteristic is observed. In the process of determining the reinforcement methods in practical projects, several other considerations are included, such as equipment and time available, especially for stabilized soils. The fiber-reinforced soils and stabilized soils are efficient for increasing the shear strength and changing of the brittleness character of the heavy-haul railway embankment. The results of this study could provide a valuable reference for geotechnical engineers dealing with soil problems, especially for the heavy-haul railway embankment.
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Banu, Shaziya Ahmed, and Mousa Fayiz Attom. "Effect of Curing Time on Lime-Stabilized Sandy Soil against Internal Erosion." Geosciences 13, no. 4 (2023): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences13040102.
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One of the key challenges geotechnical engineers face is the failure of embankments due to internal soil erosion. Therefore, soil stabilization against internal erosion becomes necessary to prevent embankment failure. This paper aims to use lime to stabilize sandy soil against internal erosion. Two types of sandy soil (poorly graded and well-graded) were treated with different percentages of lime (based on the dry weight of the soil) and curing times (1 day, 2 days, and 7 days). For poorly graded soil, the different lime percentages used were from 0.0% to 6.0% with an increment of 1% by dry weight of soil. While for well-graded soil, the lime percentages used were 0.0%, 1.0%, 2.0%, and 3.0% by dry weight of soil. The hole erosion test (HET) was utilized to analyze the erosion parameters of the soil samples. Results proved that lime is an effective soil stabilization agent against the internal erosion of sandy soil. Moreover, for optimum stabilization against internal erosion, poorly graded and well-graded sandy soil required about 5.0% and 3.0% of lime, respectively, with a curing time of 2 days. Significant reduction in erosion rate and improvement in the erosion rate index and critical erosion stress were observed at optimum soil stabilization. In addition, the results demonstrated that the curing time increases the erosion rate index and reduces soil erosion.
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Siregar, C. A., E. P. Triani, D. H. A. Wibowo, H. Sismoro, and E. Garnia. "Stability Analysis of Road Embankment on Soft Soil Using Staged Construction with Geotextile Reinforcement." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2928, no. 1 (2024): 012006. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2928/1/012006.
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Abstract This study examines the stabilization of road embankments on soft soil in the Bts Road Section, Toli Toli City – Silondou, where road subsidence and flooding occur due to the soft peat soil and the area’s location in a watershed. To address these issues, the subgrade was improved using geotextile reinforcement with phased construction. The study aims to evaluate the safety factor of the embankments and the extent of soil consolidation settlement, using both the Plaxis V20 2D program and manual CPTu data interpretation. Results show minimal differences between the two methods in achieving 95% consolidation, with settlement differences of 3 cm with geotextile and 4 cm without. The time to reach this consolidation differed by up to 12 days. At 3, 6, and 12 months, settlement differences were 2 cm, 7 cm, and 1 cm, respectively. The safety factor for embankments with geotextile reinforcement was significantly higher, with changes of 38.70% at console stage 1, 29.39% at stage 2, 14.26% at preload, and 13.78% at U-95%. These results demonstrate that geotextile reinforcement provides effective stabilization for road embankments on soft soil.
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Gorodnova, Elena, Anastasiya Minchenko, and Ekaterina Suvorova. "The study of sandy soils density in the subgrade of road embankment when compacted by explosions of elongated charges." Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University, no. 3 (September 20, 2018): 371–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2018-3-371-379.
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Objective: To create a solid subgrade for highways and railways fulfillment. Methods: Drilling and blasting technology with vertical sand drains formation and explosion energy use was applied. The method in question assumes acceleration of weak organic soils consolidation and loose sands ompaction in the subgrade of the road embankment. Results: Research work was carried out to reduce deformations in the road embankment during the high-speed road construction. Based on the research data, the porosity coefficient and the density index of the sand layer, being the subgrade of the road embankment, were obtained. The article presents a comparison between the results calculated before and after the work. Practical importance: When comparing the results of cone penetration test in soil, obtained at different stages of work, the conclusion was made that the sands in the subgrade of the road embankment were compacted. This fact implies that the application of drilling and blasting technology at sand drains formation results both in weak soils stabilization and also in loose sands compaction. The range of conducted works provides durability and stability in the subgrade of the road embankment.
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Hullur, Uma G., Dr S. Krishnaiah, and Dr K. B. Prakash. "Stabilization of Black Cotton Soil Using Rice Husk Ash for Flexible Pavement Construction." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 8 (2022): 1870–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.46535.
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Abstract: In India there are different types of soils, and the most likely present soil is clay. The flexible pavement consists of different layers such as embankment, subgrade, GSB, WMM, DBM and BC. Sub grade is the layer which acts as the foundation for pavement. In order to use the cut and fill principle, available nearby lands are selected as the borrow area for making sub grade. In this situation, the soil may not be suitable for subgrade construction. Keeping this in view stabilization of weak soil in situ may be done with suitable stabilizers to save the construction cost considerably. In the present investigation agricultural waste materials like Rice Husk Ash (RHA) which is mixed with soil to study improvement of weak sub grade in terms of compaction and strength characteristics.
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Morgunov, K. P., M. A. Kolosov, and P. P. Chinakov. "Using liquefaction and consolidation processes to control soil properties." Vestnik Gosudarstvennogo universiteta morskogo i rechnogo flota imeni admirala S. O. Makarova 17, no. 1 (2025): 21–32. https://doi.org/10.21821/2309-5180-2025-17-1-21-32.
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An analysis of the impact of water from streams and reservoirs on the banks of reservoirs and soil massifs of artificial embankments – dams, dikes, and embankments – was carried out. It has been determined that the main factor influencing the condition of banks and embankment soils is their saturation with water and the formation of filtration flows in soil massifs, sometimes with quite significant gradients. The main processes that determine the state of structures are the processes of loosening and liquefaction of soils and their subsequent consolidation. The processing of reservoir banks continues for periods of 5 to 10 years, while bank stabilization takes much longer – up to 30 years, and in some conditions does not stop at all. The processing of banks causes pollution of water bodies with both mineral particles and wood pulp. The nature of the locations of the reservoirs of power hydroelectric power plants and the measures taken to prepare the reservoir beds for flooding have led to the presence of a significant amount of floating wood in the reservoirs. It is noted that changes in soil properties, in particular, their bearing capacity, when saturated with water lead to non-design settlements of structures that are erected on such soils. Several examples of compaction of foundations of hydraulic structures by the flooding method are considered. Laboratory studies of the deformation of a soil embankment during the filling of a reservoir of the upper pool are described, the natural object for which was the earth dam of the Beloporozhskaya small hydroelectric power station. Filling of the upper pool of the laboratory installation led to deformation of the embankment and its breakthrough. As a result, the embankment structure settled, its soil compacted, and the backfill density increased from 0.801 g/cm³ to 1.830 g/cm³. It has been established that when an embankment is flooded, soil particles experience the action of several forces: their own weight, forces of mutual friction, buoyant Archimedes forces, and forces of hydrodynamic pressure. Under the action of the resultant of these forces, soil particles are rearranged into a denser packing, which increases the strength of the soil and its ability to withstand loads. It is recommended to use the flooding method to improve the properties of soils of embankments and foundations of hydraulic structures.
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AL-DULAIMI, Marwa Abdulkareem Mohammed, and Mohsen Seyedi. "Numerical Analysis of Geogrids and Recycled Concrete Aggregate for Stabilizing Road Embankments." Annales de Chimie - Science des Matériaux 47, no. 4 (2023): 219–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/acsm.470404.
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The amplification of urban development and the extension of road networks necessitate a comprehensive understanding of various soil improvement techniques for civil engineering applications. Soil enhancement methods, typically trusted and practical, are pivotal in addressing geotechnical engineering challenges. This study focuses on the numerical evaluation of the efficacy of geogrids and recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) in the stabilization of road embankments. Critical soil properties such as water absorption, soil erosion, and settlement susceptibility are significantly improved through these methods, promoting sustainable land use, environmental conservation, and infrastructure durability. Literature reveals that the use of geogrids or waste materials like RCA contributes effectively to soil layer enhancement. In this investigation, road embankment models, with and without the aforementioned improvements, were developed and assessed under vehicular load conditions. The findings demonstrated that the incorporation of geogrids or RCA significantly bolsters the stability of road embankments. A noteworthy reduction in vertical settlement, up to 45%, was achieved when geogrids and RCA were concurrently utilized in the embankment. This suggests that these methods, individually or in combination, could provide a viable solution for enhancing the performance and stability of road infrastructures. Further research is proposed to explore the long-term performance of these enhancement methods under various environmental and load conditions.
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Septianto, Septianto, R. M. Rustamaji, and Eka Priadi. "UTILIZATION OF SPENT BLEACHING EARTH WASTE IN SOIL-CEMENT STABILIZATION FOR ROAD FOUNDATION LAYERS IN TERMS OF THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL." Jurnal Teknik Sipil 23, no. 3 (2023): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/jts.v23i3.67769.
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Various studies have been carried out to improve the parameters of soil mechanical properties. Efforts to improve the mechanical properties of the soil can be carried out in multiple ways, including automated means through compaction and chemical means through the addition of cement base materials. To improve the stability and properties of the subgrade soil, the cement base material that is commonly used is Portland Composite Cement (PCC). In several studies, apart from cement base materials, waste base materials have also been used for stabilization subgrade. This includes using bleached soil residues and rice husk ash as additives to stabilize the soil. The results showed that the use of soil bleaching waste in soil cement stabilization can be used to improve the mechanical properties of the embankment soil and the composition of the soil bleaching waste mixture so that mechanically, it is proven to provide the most effective improvement so that it can be used for road foundation layers made of cement soil. As part of this research, many tests can be carried out on normal and stabilized soils. Various percentages of SBE are 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%. PCC is introduced into the soil at a rate of 8% of the dry weight of the soil.
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Najib, Agus Setyawan, and Dwiyanto Joko Suprapto. "Grouting design for slope stability of kedung uling earthfill dam." MATEC Web of Conferences 147 (2018): 07001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814707001.
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Kedung Uling earthfill dam locates at Wonogiri Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. The dam encountered sliding and settlement at the embankment wall. To minimize sliding and settlement and to optimize the dam, both field investigation and laboratory tests have been proceeded for slope stability analysis and remedial embankment wall. Soil and rock investigation around the dam, which is followed by 10 core drillings, have been conducted. Laboratory tests such as direct shear and index properties have also been carried on. The results were further used for dam slope stability model using slide 6.0 and were used to analyzed factor of safety (FS) of Kedunguling dam. 10 conditions of dam were simulated and strengthening body of dam with grouting was designed. The results showed two conditions, which are condition of maximum water level with and without earthquake at downstream, were unsatisfy Indonesia National Standard (SNI) for building and infrastructure. These conditions can be managed by using grouting for increasing stabilization of embankment wall. By setting up grouting, factor of safety increases and meet the SNI standard requirement.
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Khan, Mohammad Sadik, Masoud Nobahar, and John Ivoke. "Numerical Investigation of Slope Stabilization Using Recycled Plastic Pins in Yazoo Clay." Infrastructures 6, no. 3 (2021): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures6030047.
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Geographically, at the center of Mississippi is a concentration of High Plastic Yazoo Clay Soil (HPYCS). Shallow landslides frequently occur in embankments constructed with HPYCS caused by rainfall-induced saturation of the embankment slope. The traditional methods are becoming expensive to repair the shallow slope failure. The use of Recycled Plastic Pins (RPPs) to stabilize shallow slope failures offers a significant cost and construction benefit and can be a useful remedial measure for these types of failures. The current study investigates the effectiveness of RPP in slopes constructed with HPYCS, using the Finite Element Method (FEM). The FEM analysis was conducted with the PLAXIS 2D software package. Three uniform and varied RPP spacings were investigated to reinforce 2–4H:1V slopes. Reinforced slope stability analyses were performed to investigate the applicability of RPP in HPYCS. The FEM analysis results indicated that RPP provides shear resistance for the sloping embankment constructed of HPYCS. Uniform spacing of RPP provides sufficient resistance that increases the Factor of Safety (FS) to 1.68 in 2H:1V slopes with deformation of RPP less than 15 mm. The uniform spacing and varied spacing combination of RPP increase the FS to 2.0 with the deformation of RPP less 7 mm.
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Sarsam, Saad Issa, Aamal A. Alsaidi, and Omar Mukhlef Alzoba. "Impact of Asphalt Stabilization on Deformation Behavior of Reinforced Soil Embankment Model under Cyclic Loading." Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 2, no. 4 (2014): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.12966/jegh.11.01.2014.
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Frangov, Stefan, and Georgi Frangov. "Emergency stabilization of a landslide in Pirin National Park." Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society 84, no. 3 (2023): 271–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.52215/rev.bgs.2023.84.3.271.
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The investigated landslide occurred in December 2021 on a steep river-valley slope in the southwestern part of the Pirin National Park. It has a typical circular shape with approximate dimensions: width of 20 m, length of 15 m and depth up to 4 m. The sliding involves mainly the soil-rock mass of the road embankment. The landslide affects a forest road and threatens the hydraulic canal “Syrchaliytsa” of the “Sandanska Bistritsa” cascade. The study is based on an on-site inspection and geotechnical mapping, its analysis and interpretation, aided by available archival and published data, and the authors’ personal experience of similar sites in the area and other parts of the country. The main objectives are to establish the engineering-geological conditions of the terrain, assess the main factors defining the landslide stability and develop a conceptual solution for its strengthening.
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Asep, Asep Solehudin. "ANALISIS FAKTOR KEAMANAN TIMBUNAN KOLAM LANDFILL TEMPAT PEMBUANGAN AKHIR CIMINYAK KECAMATAN CISAGA KABUPATEN CIAMIS JAWA BARAT." JITSi : Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Sipil 4, no. 2 (2024): 78–90. https://doi.org/10.36423/jitsi.v4i2.1642.
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Abstract— Embankment is a method used to determine land elevation or leveling in earthworks. Problems that can arise in earth embankment work include choosing the wrong material, stabilization, compaction and others. The Ciminyak Final Disposal Site, Cisaga District, has not had its value calculatedSafety Factor, this causes researchers concern. The solution to this problem is to calculate the SF value with and without reinforcement. In this research, modeling was used using geotechnical software. This research was conducted to analyze the physical and mechanical properties of the Ciminyak landfill soil and analyze its valueSafety Factor Ciminyak landfill without and with reinforcement. The tests carried out were sieve analysis, soil specific gravity,atterberg limit and shear strength of the soil. The results of research on the original soil of the Ciminyak Landfill is clayey sand with an LL value of 54.55%, IP 25.57%, a cohesion value of 5 kN/m2, and the soil friction angle value is 27.75%. Meanwhile, the Ciminyak landfill embankment is clayey sand with an LL value of 63.13%, IP 36.14%, cohesion value of 18 kN/m2, and the soil friction angle value is 3%. The results of the original embankment without reinforcement had a Safety Factor value of 1.29 with soil subsidence of 1.10.44 m. Meanwhile, embankments with changes in the shape of the geometry line and reinforcement with Geotekstils obtained a Safety Factor value of 1.54 with soil subsidence of 0.016 m. Keywords — Embankment, Final Disposal Site, Reinforcement, Geotekstil. Abstrak— Timbunan adalah metode yang dipergunakan untuk menentukan elevasi tanah atau levelling dalam pekerjaan tanah. Permasalahan yang dapat muncul dalam pekerjaan timbunan tanah antaralain yaitu salah memilih material, stabilisasi, pemadatan dan yang lainnya. Tempat Pembuangan Akhir Ciminyak Kecamatan Cisaga timbunan tanahnya tidak dilakukan perhitungan nilai Safety Factor, hal ini menyebabkan kekhawatiran peneliti. Solusi dari permasalahan ini dilakukannya perhitungan nilai SF dengan dan tanpa adanya perkuatan. Pada penelitian ini digunakan pemodelan menggunakan software geoteknik. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis sifat fisik dan mekanis tanah TPA Ciminyak dan menganalisis nilai Safety Factor TPA Ciminyak tanpa dan dengan adanya perkuatan. Pengujian yang dilakukan yaitu analisa saringan, berat jenis tanah, atterberg limit dan kuat geser tanah. Hasil dari penelitian tanah asli TPA Ciminyak merupakan pasir berlempung dengan nilai LL 54,55%, IP 25,57%, nilai kohesi 5 kN/m2, dan nilai sudut geser tanah 27,75°. Sedangkan timbunan TPA Ciminyak merupakan pasir berlempung dengan nilai LL 63,13%, IP 36,14%, nilai kohesi 18 kN/m2, dan nilai sudut geser tanah 3°. Hasil timbunan asli tanpa diperkuat memiliki nilai Safety Factor sebesar 1,29 dengan penurunan tanah sebesar 1,10 m. Sedangkan, timbunan dengan perubahan bentuk geometry line dan perkuatan dengan geotekstil didapat nilai Safety Factor sebesar 1,54 dengan penurunan tanah sebesar 0,016 m. Kata kunci — Timbunan, Tempat Pembuangan Akhir, Perkuatan, Geoekstil.
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Johan, Albert, Andy Sugianto, and Paulus Pramono Rahardjo. "Replacement of Weathered Clay Shale Using Soil Cement for Bridge Approach Embankment in Purwakarta - Indonesia." Indonesian Geotechnical Journal 2, no. 3 (2023): 123–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.56144/igj.v2i3.58.
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Clay shale is a sensitive soil material that easily experiences weathering if exposed to open air, sunlight, water. Weathered clay shale is commonly located near the surface and has a soft consistency due to surface water infiltration. Referring to this condition, weathered clay shale is prone to experience soil movement if backfill work is conducted on the top side of weathered clay shale material. Therefore, to minimize the potential of soil movement during backfilling, soil replacement using soil cement is recommended to be conducted to gain higher soil shear strength and to prevent excessive water infiltration to the fresh clay shale. To gain further understanding, a comprehensive study about the replacement of weathered clay shale using soil cement for bridge approach embankment in Purwakarta was carried out. This study comprises site observation, field data collection, laboratory test, explanation about implementation and quality control. The stages in implementation of soil cement is carried out in several stages such as : evaluation of soil condition on the project site, checking the suitability of local soil for the soil cement stabilization, conducting field test trial mockup followed by quality control, conducting crumb test and mechanical properties test for soil cement mixture. Based on assessment results, the soil cement mixture shall be directly compacted after the soil cement mixture is homogeneous to prevent segregation and shall be given a curing time of at least 3-7 days without additional water to gain better soil shear strength. Furthermore, according to the crumb test result, soil cement material was identified as quite impermeable which is verified by evidence that there was no significant change in water content and the soil cement sample could still stand firm after soaked for 7 days.
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Soe, Soe War, and Nyein Thant Nyein. "Experiential Investigation on the Stabilization of Dispersive Soil with Lime." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 3, no. 5 (2019): 1376–80. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3590817.
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The soils that are highly susceptible to erosion and containing high percentage of exchangeable sodium ions are called Dispersive Soils. In appearance, dispersive clays are like normal clays that are stable and somewhat resistant to erosion, but in reality they can be highly erosive and subject to severe damage or failure. Using dispersive clay soils in hydraulic structures, embankment dams, or other structures such as roadway, embankments can cause serious engineering problems if these soils are not stabilized and used appropriately. This problem is worldwide, and structural failures attributed to dispersive soils have occurred in many countries. This paper presents the stabilization of dispersive soil with lime. The soil sample is taken from Mandalay. Grain size distribution, Atterberg's limit test, compaction test, unconfined compressive strength UCS test and triaxial test are carried out to obtain the properties of soil. Type of studied soil classified by unified classification system is lean clay with sand. Crumb test is performed to know the dispersion degree of study soil. According to crumb test, the study soil is highly dispersive clay soil. Lime is used as stabilizing agent. The amount of lime used is 2 , 3 and 4 by dry weight of soil. The studied soil is mixed various contents of lime, and then crumb test is performed. At dispersive soil mixed with 4 of lime, there is no dispersion characteristic in soil. For stabilization of studied soil, 4 of lime is selected to investigate the improvement of strength in treated soil. The treated soil is performed compaction test, unconfined compression strength UCS test and triaxial test. Unconfined compression strength of treated soil at 4 lime is increased as 1.12 times that of natural soil. The shear strength of treated soil increases about 2 times than that of natural soil. The cohesion value of treated soil increases about 1.12 times and the angle of internal friction increases about 1.23 times than that of natural soil. Finally, it is concluded from this study that the lime treated soil is more resistant to erosion and the treated soil is more resistant to shear stress and lateral pressure. Soe Soe War | Nyein Nyein Thant "Experiential Investigation on the Stabilization of Dispersive Soil with Lime" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26658.pdf
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Souadeuk, Anouar, and Zeineddine Boudaoud. "Reinforced Soft Soil by CSV with/without Polypropylene fibres: Experimental and Numerical analysis." Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale 16, no. 59 (2021): 374–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3221/igf-esis.59.25.
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Columns of mixed soil-sand-cement (CSV), is one of the most unknown used methods for soft soil stabilization that has not been studied before. To this end, in this paper, consolidated drained (CD) triaxial compression tests after have been cured for 28 days, were carried out to investigate the effectiveness of CSV, which is mainly used to reinforce soft soil. Then, the influence of soft soil content (25%, 50%, 75%) on materials of CSV with/without polypropylene (PP) fibers is established. The percentages of soft soils (50%, 75%) are experimentally doable and the remaining percentage (25%) was not successfully experimented; for this exact reason, an empirical formula is established based on the design of experiments (DOE) for calculating the soft soil’s characteristics. Then a numerical study using PLAXIS 3D is developed for studying the embankment building on soil which is reinforced by CSV. It is found that the efficacy of the reinforcement of the soft soil by CSV with/without PP fibers provides with satisfying results. Moreover, the less amount of soft soil on CSV materials the better for deviatoric stress, axial strain, the effective cohesion, the effective friction angle and modulus of elasticity E50. Additionally, when PP fibers is added to CSV material, experimental results were strongly affected. As far as the numerical study, the embankment building on the soil that is reinforced by the CSV shows an improvement in the level of displacement in the three directions, the total displacement and security factor. The variation of materials of CSV content with/without PP fibers, a diverse combination with a relatively lower effect can be easily remarked on the achieved results.
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Kumar, Saurabh, and Lal Bahadur Roy. "Investigating the Slope Stability and Factor of Safety Properties of Soil Reinforced with Natural Jute Fibers under Different Rainfall Conditions." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 13, no. 1 (2023): 9919–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.5481.
Full textAbstract:
Heavy rainfall is often responsible for embankment failures. During intense rainfall, the embankment slope inclination is vital for slope stability. Some failures occur in the slope due to heavy rainfall and sudden change in the matric suction. Jute fiber is a reinforcing material that is added to improve soil strength. In this research, in order to explore the effects of slope inclination on soil stability, soil samples were collected and exposed to artificial rainfalls. This study presented various tests performed on the soil samples. Different tests like sieve analysis, permeability test, Direct Shear Test (DST), liquid limit, plasticity limit, and numerical modeling were conducted in the laboratory. The study's findings revealed that the failure is caused by a soil suction loss when the inclination of the slope is higher than the soil friction angle and the collapse is caused by the positive water pressure at the slope's toe when it is lower than the soil's friction angle. Furthermore, when the slope angle increases, the slopes are becoming increasingly vulnerable to rapid collapse. After that, jute fibers were combined with the soil to improve its performance. Samples of 2, 3, and 4 rows of jute fibers were tested. These jute fiber samples performed better than the ones without fibers under different rainfall conditions. The distribution of jute fibers had a favorable influence on both strength measurements and safety aspects. Utilizing the factor of safety and matric suction, the performance of jute fiber samples is superior to those without jute fibers. Consequently, by adding jute fibers the stabilization of the soil is significantly improved along with its factor of safety.
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Alvarenga, Camila, Haji Abdulrazagh Parisa, and T. Hendry Michael. "Moisture and soil strength monitoring of a railway embankment remediated with wicking geotextile." MATEC Web of Conferences 337 (2021): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133703001.
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A 45 m section of a railway embankment located at Fort Saskatchewan County in Alberta, Canada, was remediated as a part of the Canadian Pacific Railway’s (CP) Grade Stabilization/Remediation Plan. The embankment materials were replaced while a 4.6 m wide reinforcing geotextile (Mirafi® RS580i) and a 7.3 m wide wicking geotextile (Mirafi® H2Ri) were installed in the ballast and sub-ballast interface and between the subgrade and sub-ballast, respectively, aiming to address issues such as poor drainage and moisture retention. The studied site consists of an instrumented track including a remediated and an adjacent control section that provided the opportunity to measure volumetric water content (VWC) within the sub-ballast and clayey subgrade at both configurations. The VWC variation with seasonal weather change is continuously monitored by nine moisture sensors, and an antecedent precipitation index (API) model was developed to evaluate the influence of precipitation events on the VWC in both sections and to interpret the impact of the in situ VWC on the unsaturated strength of the soil according to the soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) results. An initial evaluation of the moisture-suction relationship has shown that the subgrade soil strength is improving within the remediated section; nonetheless, these trends are anticipated to be more consistent with long-term observation.
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Kowalska, Aneta, Bal Ram Singh, and Anna Grobelak. "Carbon Footprint for Post-Mining Soils: The Dynamic of Net CO2 Fluxes and SOC Sequestration at Different Soil Remediation Stages under Reforestation." Energies 15, no. 24 (2022): 9452. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15249452.
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The remediation of open-cast post-mining soil remains a big challenge. Here, the post-mining soils are considered from the viewpoints of CO2 emission and carbon sequestration. We investigated the dynamic of C stock in two different post-mining areas, i.e., the limestone post-mining soil remediated with embankment (S1), and the lignite post-mining soil remediated with sewage sludge (S2). Post-mining soils under four different remediation stages were used. The study was conducted in the spring of 2021 and 2022. The aim of the study was to assess the C sequestration in sewage sludge amended and non-amended post-mining soils at differently advanced remediation techniques. We noticed an increase in or stabilization of SOC in the S1. The stabilization of SOC was observed for the soil with a higher remediation age (S1C, S1D). The remediation of the S2 resulted in the increase in SOC among the soil remediation age. For both soils, we noticed a negative CO2 emission from the soil under remediation, and the net CO2 emission rate (NCER) further decreased after one year. A positive C feedback of both remediation techniques was shown to reflect lower active carbon (POXC). We also noticed an increase in nutrient content (K, Mg), and a decrease in heavy metals content after 1 year. Such a positive relationship between the remediation of post-mining soils and C sequestration indicates a step towards climate change mitigation.
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Rivera, Natalia, Germán Velásquez, and Cesar Hidalgo. "Evaluation of the use of residual soils of the Batolito of Antioqueño stabilized with quicklime for the construction of embankments and mechanically stabilized retaining structures." MATEC Web of Conferences 396 (2024): 02015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202439602015.
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In general, road construction requires the exploitation of large quantities of granular materials, and this generates significant economic and environmental impacts. The use of excavated materials for the construction of fills, embankments and reinforced earth retaining structures is an ideal solution to reduce the exploitation of raw materials. However, the use of excavated materials can be limited when these materials are fine-grained or have low mechanical specifications. In this sense, soils stabilized with quicklime have become a viable alternative for road construction, reducing the use of quarried materials. Although there are standards and techniques for the use of quicklime improved soils for pavements, today the evaluation process of these materials for embankment and fill construction is not well established. This paper presents the results of an investigation to determine the impact of quicklime soil stabilization on the design of embankments and retaining structures reinforced with geosynthetics. First, a road embankment is presented for which a sensitivity analysis was carried out in terms of geometry and volume of material required. Secondly, a mechanically stabilized wall with geosynthetics is presented in which a sensitivity analysis is performed in terms of the amount of geotextile reinforcement required. In both cases, the models were analyzed using the shear strength parameters of a residual soil of the Antioquian batholith in its natural state and stabilized with quicklime obtained in laboratory tests. A quicklime content of 2% and design processes according to Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) manuals were used. The results show that in the embankment a reduction in the volume of material is obtained when using stabilized soil of around 15%, since greater slopes and heights can be used with respect to the geometry of the soil in its natural state. In the case of the stabilized wall, a reduction of approximately 50% in the amount of geosynthetics required was observed, since with the case of stabilized soil it is possible to achieve layer reinforcements of greater thickness and lower strength than those obtained with the soil in its natural state. Both cases show that the implementation of soils stabilized with quicklime can be beneficial in terms of costs since a reduction in resources and materials can be achieved.
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Pallav, Vello, Tõnis Teppand, Andrus Leinpuu, et al. "Stabilization of Road Embankments on Peat Soils Using Oil Shale Ash and Pozzolanic Additives." Applied Sciences 13, no. 14 (2023): 8366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13148366.
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Using kukersite oil shale ash for the stabilization of organic-rich soils has been extensively studied but without much success. The main reason for this is the retarding effect of humic acids present in organic-rich soils on the formation of the C–S–H (calcium–silicate–hydrate) phase, which effectively prevents the solidification of cementitious materials in peat soils. Based on the studies performed at the University of Tartu, we have developed a novel method for the in situ mass stabilization of peat soils using waste materials (calcareous fly ash and silica fume). In this manner, the perfect hardening of peat–ash mixtures (to each 1 m3 of soil, 150–400 kg ash, 25–50 L pozzolanic additives, and 2.5–5 kaNaOH were added) can be achieved. A test road embankment was constructed under extremely hard conditions in a peat quarry that is currently in use.
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Basack, Sudip, Ghritartha Goswami, Hadi Khabbaz, Moses Karakouzian, Parinita Baruah, and Niky Kalita. "A Comparative Study on Soil Stabilization Relevant to Transport Infrastructure using Bagasse Ash and Stone Dust and Cost Effectiveness." Civil Engineering Journal 7, no. 11 (2021): 1947–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2021-03091771.
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Soft ground improvement to provide stable foundations for infrastructure is national priority for most countries. Weak soil may initiate instability to foundations reducing their lifespan, which necessitates the adoption of a suitable soil stabilization method. Amongst various soil stabilization techniques, using appropriate admixtures is quite popular. The present study aims to investigate the suitability of bagasse ash and stone dust as the admixtures for stabilizing soft clay, in terms of compaction and penetration characteristics. The studies were conducted by means of a series of laboratory experimentations with standard Proctor compaction and CBR tests. From the test results it was observed that adding bagasse ash and stone dust significantly upgraded the compaction and penetration properties, specifically the values of optimum moisture content, maximum dry density and CBR. Comparison of test results with available data on similar experiments conducted by other researchers were also performed. Lastly, a study on the cost effectiveness for transport embankment construction with the treated soils, based on local site conditions in the study area of Assam, India, was carried out. The results are analyzed and interpreted, and the relevant conclusions are drawn therefrom. The limitations and recommendations for future research are also included. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091771 Full Text: PDF