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1
CARRIÓ-INVERNIZZI, DIANA. "GIFT AND DIPLOMACY IN SEVENTEENTH-CENTURY SPANISH ITALY." Historical Journal 51, no. 4 (2008): 881–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x08007115.
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ABSTRACTThis article explains how the concept and the practice of gift-making evolved in Spanish Italy in connection with power. Contemporary chronicles, avvisi (newsletters), and letters enable us to reflect upon how gifts were seen, given, and received in the period at the Spanish embassy in Rome and in the viceroyalty of Naples. It aims to establish how the exchange of presents affected the wielding of power and how it contributed to shaping the political culture of the Spanish in Italy. The seventeenth century and Italy were the time and place that witnessed the greatest experimentation in gift-making practices. This experimentation and the polysemic nature of gifts can also be explained as a result of the low level of professionalization that still characterized diplomacy in seventeenth-century Europe.
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GU, Jihoon. "Italian Red Cross and the Korean War - In the case of Italian 68 Medical Units Support Activities." Korean Society for European Integration 13, no. 2 (2022): 107–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32625/kjei.2022.27.107.
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As a result of the damaging defeat in World War II, Italy suffered from a devastating reality although it was recovering rather quickly with continued support from the U.S.A. since the end of the war. To enable Italy to become a major player on the European stage again, a change in the international perception was required. As part of the plan, the Italian government and the Italian Red Cross dispatched medical aid units to the Korean War, as a non-member country of the United Nations after World War II. This contributed not only to change the perception of Italy but also strengthened relations between the two countries. The medical staff, who was called the 68 Red Cross, provided medical support to the soldiers of the Korean War as well as the civilians, playing a significant role in the train accident on the Guro Gyeongin Line. After the end of the Korean War, 68 medical units remained and continued their services in Seoul for more than a year then returned to Italy in 1955 on completing their duties. The two countries have developed lasting friendly relations since, and it signified greatly during the recent Covid-19 pandemic when the Korean Embassy in Italy provided medical support including face masks to the descendants of Italian medical staff who had participated in the Korean War.
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Kročanová, Dagmar. "Slovak Language Teaching in Italy in the Context of Slovak-Italian Cultural Relationships." Chuzhdoezikovo Obuchenie-Foreign Language Teaching 48, no. 2 (2021): 191–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.53656/for21.28obu.
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The initial part of the paper describes the history of Slovak language and culture teaching in Italy, namely, Slovak lectorates at University of Naples L´Orientale, University of Rome Sapienza, and University of Bologna in Forlì. The central part of the paper discusses the foundation, development and activities of the most recent lectorate, founded in 2006, and currently affiliated with the Department of Interpreting and Translating at University of Bologna in Forlì. The paper mentions the circumstances related to the foundation of the lectorate, especially the message of Alexander Dubček (1921 – 1992) upon whom University of Bologna conferred the honorary doctorate in 1988. The paper discusses various activities of the lectorate (language teaching, research and publishing, promoting Slovakia and Slovak culture). It mentions the collaboration with Slovak and Italian institutions, including the Embassy of Slovak Republic in Rome, Slovak Institute in Rome and Honorary Consulate of Slovak Republic in Forlì. The final part of the paper mentions the current situation and perspectives of Slovak studies in Italy.
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Martinico, Giuseppe, Richard Albert, Antonia Baraggia, and Cristina Fasone. "An Opportunity for Reflection – A Special Issue on “The Constitution of Canada: History, Evolution, Influence and Reform”." Perspectives on Federalism 9, no. 3 (2017): Ed—I—Ed—VII. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pof-2017-0027.
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Abstract Canada is and will for the foreseeable future be a peaceful and prosperous liberal democracy whose Constitution Act, 1867, now 150 years old as of 2017, has become a model for the modern world. The Constitution of Canada has exerted considerable influence on other countries, particularly since the coming into force of its Constitution Act, 1982, which included the celebrated Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Just as Canada drew from foreign and international experiences in drafting its Charter, the world has learned a great deal from Canada, not only as to rights protections but also as to the separation of powers, the judicial function, and the structure of government. In light of these impressive achievements, an international symposium on the Canadian Constitution was held in Pisa at the Scuola Sant’Anna under the auspices of the Sant’Anna Legal Studies project and with the support of the DIRPOLIS (Law, Politics and Development) Institute at the Scuola Sant’Anna, the Canadian Embassy in Italy, and the International Association of Constitutional Law. This special issue collects some of the papers presented on that occasion.
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Roberts, Sean. "The Lost Map of Matteo de’ Pasti: Cartography, Diplomacy, and Espionage in the Renaissance Adriatic." Journal of Early Modern History 20, no. 1 (2016): 19–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700658-12342488.
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The sculptor Matteo de’ Pasti left Rimini in 1461 bound for Ottoman Sultan Mehmed ii’s court at Constantinople with gifts from Sigismondo Malatesta. When his ship stopped in Crete, Matteo was detained by the island’s Venetian authorities on charges of espionage. Contemporaries report that he carried with him a map, now lost, but assumed to be a strategically valuable one of the Adriatic. Discussions of Matteo’s mission claim that it attempted to supply the sultan with essential intelligence for an invasion of Italy. Yet, this spy story finds little confirmation in historical sources. Indeed, our knowledge of the map’s very existence derives from the reports of Sigismondo’s enemies. I examine this prominent embassy as a means to reconsider attitudes toward the utility of maps in the scholarly imagination and the role of art and artists in early modern diplomacy. Revisiting documentary evidence and the claims scholars have grounded therein, I explore how we have told the tale of this journey in ways that conform to our own shifting expectations, sometimes at the expense of fidelity to the sources at hand. Overwhelming focus on the absent map has obscured both Matteo’s role as envoy and the distinctive place of evidently skillful and delightful visual culture in this attempted exchange.
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Spinelli, Roberto. "Editorial - Obesity And Nutrition In Children In Latin-America: The Italy-Mexico Joint Research Programme 2011-2013." Open Obesity Journal 5, no. 1 (2013): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1876823720130508008.
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I am very pleased to introduce this special issue of the Open Obesity Journal, dedicated to the Italy-Mexico Joint Research Programme on obesity, overweight and their determinants in children. Italy and Mexico have a long and successful tradition of scientific and technological cooperation, reflected in a wide range of agreements, scholarships and joint researches that take place every year. The current research is focused on understanding factors which are related to the onset of an epidemic of obesity and overweight in children, which is taking place all over the world but tends to assume sensitive dimensions in Latin- America and specifically in Mexico. The research project has been approved within the framework of the Executive Programme for 2011-2013 of the Agreement of Cultural, Scientific and Technological Cooperation between Italy and Mexico, signed in 1997 by the General Directorate for Cultural Cooperation of the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MAE) and the General Direction for the Technical and Scientific Cooperation of the Secretariat for Foreign Relationships of the National Council of Science and Technology (Dirección General de Cooperación Técnica y Científica de la Secretaría de Relaciones Exteriores y del Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT)). The Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs is financing the project for the whole period 2011-2013, given the high scientific level of the institutions and researchers involved as well as the impact that it can have in developing common research protocols and build a shared data exchange infrastructure as basis for fostering future joint research. The goal of the project, led by a team lead by Prof. Francesco Giunta of the University of Pisa, Prof. Dario Gregori of the University of Padova and Dr.Javier Dibildox of the University of San Luis Potosí, is indeed to create a network of collaboration within the institutions of the two countries to promote the development of a common model for investigating determinants of obesity in the two countries. However, given the tight relationships existing across the entire Latin-America, models and actions foreseen in the program must be taken also as a proof-of-concept for the involvement of other countries in the Region. In this sense, the exchange of ideas and researchers across the entire Latin-America, from Chile to Argentina and Brazil, will help developing and laying the foundations for a lasting collaborative relationship and eventually lead to the implementation of an evidence-based shared vision on nutritional, educational and in general public health policies to be implemented. This goal is fully consistent with the spirit of the Agreement between Italy and Mexico as well as the efforts of Global Public Health, which recognizes the global dimension of the obesity epidemic in children, fostering transnational, shared discussions and open research on it. The Embassy of Italy has been supporting the project since it was conceived and officially kicked-off the initiative at the Monterrey Paediatric Conference in 2011. I congratulate again the Open Obesity Journal for dedicating this issue to the cooperation between Italy and Mexico in such a delicate field as children’s health and look forward to celebrating the completion of the project in 2013.
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Daykhes, Arkady Nikolaevich, Vladimir Anatolievich Reshetnikov, Olga Aleksandrovna Manerova, and Ilya Aleksandrovich Mikhailov. "Analysis of Current Practices of Organizing the Export of Medical Services in the United Kingdom, Italy, South Korea and China." Medical Technologies. Assessment and Choice (Медицинские технологии. Оценка и выбор), no. 1 (39) (May 1, 2020): 30–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31556/2219-0678.2020.39.1.030-042.
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Aim of the study. Analysis of medical tourism’s organizational features based on the example of the large medical organizations in the United Kingdom, South Korea, Italy and China. Materials and methods. The data were collected by the authors by interviewing the heads of medical organizations and their deputies in the United Kingdom, South Korea, Italy and China (3–4 respondents per medical organization) using the developed questionnaire to identify the main mechanisms and tools for organizing the export of medical services. SWOT-analysis (Strengths; Weaknesses; Opportunities; Threats) was performed in order to comprehensively evaluate the received information. Results. Along with weaknesses and threats that slow down the development of medical services exports, strengths (internal factors) and opportunities ( external factors) that contribute to the development of medical tourism were also identified: the widespread popularity of the brand of medical organizations abroad which is associated with the provision of premium medical services; versatility and ability to conduct high-tech surgical operations; the presence of a separate premium class building and an international department for working with foreign patients and promoting a medical organization in the world market; well-established business relationships with assistance companies; foreign medical personnel who speak foreign languages and possess necessary skills to treat foreign patients; developed electronic medical care system; developed system of quality control of medical care; the presence of branches in other countries; the presence of a medical visa in the system of legislation; established cooperation with many countries at the embassy level; state licensing and accreditation for the provision of medical services to foreign citzens; the availability of a state website on the provision of medical assistance to foreign citizens; the possibility of the age of value added tax. Conclusion. We identified main patterns in the organization of export of medical services that can be applied to develop this direction in medical organizations of the Russian Federation during the analysis the strengths and weaknesses of four large medical organizations abroad, as well as external factors that affect the work of these medical organizations.
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Akor, Linus Yusuf. "Trafficking of women in Nigeria: causes, consequences and the way forward." Corvinus Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 2, no. 2 (2011): 89–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.14267/cjssp.2011.02.05.
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The phenomenon of the trafficking of women, especially of young girls and women into exploitative sexual and commercial labor, has recently begun to attract local, national and international attention from world leaders, academics, the mass media, advocacy groups, the clergy and humanity in general. This is against the back drop of the fact that the trafficking of women has a number of far-reaching socio-economic, health and political consequences. Several factors, among them poverty, unemployment, ignorance and family size have been implicated as being reasons why women fall easy preys to the antics of traffickers. From available statistics, we can say that about 500,000 women are brought into the United States of America and Europe yearly for sexual and domestic servitude. Of the over 70,000 African victims of women trafficking, Nigerian women account for 70 percent of those trafficked to Italy alone. Fighting the menace requires a coordinated and concerted push from all stakeholders. This paper presents the causes and consequences of the trafficking of women from Nigeria to America and Europe. Empirical evidence indicates that the activities of traffickers, corrupt embassy officials, the country’s porous borders, poverty, refusal of victims to expose traffickers, delay in prosecuting apprehended culprits and biting youth unemployment have “conspired” to undermine the battle against the illicit trade. The paper makes far-reaching recommendations about how to mitigate the identified obstacles.
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Shinakov, Evgenii A., and Andrei V. Fedosov. "The Geopolitical Context of the Rus’ Raid on Seville." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History 67, no. 1 (2022): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu02.2022.101.
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The article offers a possible explanation for the raid of the Rus’ on Seville in 844 and also attempts to compare this event with the embassy of the Rus’ to Constantinople and Ingelheim, and with their raid on Amastris. These events, taken as a part of a complex geopolitical picture of the “long middle” of the 9th century, show the origin and nature of the emerging group of the Rus’ people. This period started with the renewed Muslim onslaught on Europe through the Byzantine holdings in Asia Minor and Italy in the 820s–830s, and finished in the middle of the 860s with the Byzantine victory over the Abbasids. Other important events of this time were the Great Schism; victories of the Byzantine Orthodoxy over Catholicism and heretics in Great Moravia, Bulgaria and Asia Minor; and the first baptism of the Rus’. This geopolitical background was complemented by the collapse of the Carolingian Empire and the beginning of the German Drang nach Osten. During this time, a small group who identified itself as the Rus’ first in 838, came into being. Its main goal was to explore new trade routes to the Muslim world bypassing Khazaria. However, eventually they discovered an opportunity of pillaging Byzantium and its allies in Andalusia. The result of their actions, which were probably coordinated form one center in Southern Denmark, was their acquisition of “homeland” in the North of Eastern Europe: a land that was given its accidentally emerged name “Rus’”.
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Becker, Rotraud. "Scipione Gonzaga, Fürst von Bozzolo, kaiserlicher Gesandter in Rom 1634–1641." Quellen und Forschungen aus italienischen Archiven und Bibliotheken 102, no. 1 (2022): 239–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/qufiab-2022-0014.
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Abstract In the first half of the 17th century, the image of the imperial embassy in Rome was dominated by the long-standing service of the brothers Paolo and Federico Savelli. In comparison, the period in between, during which Scipione Gonzaga held the office, has left hardly any traces. Yet a closer look at his years of service reveals the political problems of those years and shows the prince of Bozzolo to be a committed diplomat. Furthermore, the circumstances of his life show the envoy’s activity in an unusual context, that of a lower-ranking prince in Imperial Italy who sought to gain stature for the empire in order to maintain the limited power attained by himself and his family, and to improve their overall status by acquiring another ancestral entail that had fallen into other hands. Beyond his personal involvement in the costly office, his brothers and other relatives placed themselves at the service of the empire and also entered a network of influential noble families close to the imperial court through marriage. The Gonzaga reigns in Bozzolo and Mantua ended with the War of the Spanish Succession. However, the social and cultural influence they had accumulated lasted longer. Through their family connections, the relatives of the former imperial envoy contributed to the pervasive adoption of the Italian language and way of life, which had become established among the upper classes of Austria, Bohemia and Hungary and remained dominant throughout the reign of Emperor Leopold I.
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Naumenko, Valery. "The “Latins” on Mangup. Unique Western-European Cross-Encolpion from the Excavations of Prince’s Palace in Ancient Mangup: Problems of Attribution and Dating." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 6 (February 2021): 100–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2020.6.7.
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Introduction. The article is devoted to the analysis of a unique cross-encolpion of the WesternEuropean type from the excavations of the Mangup Prince’s Palace. Methods. The research is complex. When describing the find, traditional methods of art history analysis were used, and data from X-ray fluorescence studies were used to determine the material of the product. Attribution of the cross is made on the basis of the generally accepted method of analogies in archaeological science. Analysis. The encolpion is related to a small group of cast silver crosses with “Latin” features, which were produced during the third quarter of the 15th century in one of the craft workshops of Kaffa. Their author was a master-scholarship holder who most likely moved to the capital of Genoese Gazaria in the Northern Black Sea region from one of the cities of Northern Italy. Results. Among the many reasons why this encolpion, as a mandatory attribute of the clothing of a Catholic Priest, could end up on Mangup, the most likely are: unknown in the sources Genoese embassy to the capital of the Principality of Feodoro in the period of 1450–1475 for the purpose of establishing a permanent Catholic mission here; the presence of a Catholic priest in the large embassies of Kaffa to the court of the rulers of Feodoro in 1455, 1465 or around 1471; participation of Genoese, who fled from Kaffa after its capture by the Ottoman army, in the subsequent defense of the Mangup fortress in summer and autumn 1475.
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Sarabiev, Aleksei V. "THE RUSSIAN CONSUL IN DAMASCUS PRINCE BORIS N. SHAKHOVSKOY’S ROLE IN INTERFAITH PEACE ON THE EVE OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR." Journal of the Institute of Oriental Studies RAS, no. 4 (14) (2020): 162–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2618-7302-2020-4-162-178.
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Prince Boris N. Shakhovskoy (1870–1926), the Russian consul in Damascus from 1907 until the First World War, left to his descendants a legacy of attentive and balanced diplomacy. His reports to the Russian Embassy in Constantinople and to the 1st Division of the Foreign Ministry contain invaluable information shedding light on interfaith relations in the Syrian regions of the Ottoman Empire on the eve and after of the Young Turk Revolution, as well as on the early months of the so-called Great War (WWI). The article analyzes the messages of the diplomat on various aspects of the religious situation in the region. He considered the activities of the Islamist organization Muslim League in Damascus, which aimed at enforcing Sharia law throughout Syrian society and countering non-Muslim and European influence in the region. An anxious change in interfaith relations is being evaluated, when Muslim suspicion towards Christians grew, aggravated by the common conscription in the context of the Tripolitan and two Balkan wars. The consul attentively followed the problems of the participation of the Orthodox Arabs in the Ottoman institutions, as well as the attempts to join the English Old-Catholics to Orthodoxy, acting through Metropolitan of Beirut. Of historical interest is also the information about the transition of the Syrian Jacobites to Catholicism, as well as notes on the Catholic missions activities in the region. All these issues in the Syrian soil are viewed by the diplomat through the prism of competition between European powers, especially France and Italy.
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Mitrofanov, Andrey. "A French diplomat in the Russian Service. Missions of the Count d'Antraigues in Venice (1795–1797)." Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, no. 5 (2021): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013038640014909-7.
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The article deals with the history of secret diplomacy of the time of the French Revolution. It aims to show unknown aspects of the French émigré сount d'Antraigue's activities as a councillor to the Russian embassy in Venice and as a personal representative of Louis XVIII in 1795–1797. Unpublished documents from the Archives of Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire and the memoirs of contemporaries form the source base of the research. The practice of appointing French royalists “under Russian protection” as employees of Russian diplomatic missions was proposed by the Russian court in 1794. The case of d’Antraigues, therefore, was not unique. D'Antraigues' duties in this post were related to the search for information on revolutionary France, the French army in Italy, the politics of the Italian states. His contacts with Swedish agents, French royalists, and French army officers were the most fruitful. At the same time, he was associated with British diplomats. Bonaparte used the errors of the diplomat to his advantage: сount d'Antraigues’s notes served as a pretext for the coup d'état of 18 Fructidor, Year V. Although he сount lost credibility in the eyes of the royalists yet, thanks to the support of A.K. Razumovsky, he continued his service as correspondent and honorary “pensionnaire” of the Russian court. It was after 1797 that a “black legend” developed around the name of the count, thanks, in particular, to former secret agents of the Directory and Napoleon Bonaparte, depicting him as an opportunist.
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Czapliński, Władysław. "Palestine v. US before the International Court of Justice?" Polish Review of International and European Law 8, no. 2 (2020): 47–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/priel.2019.8.2.02.
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In December 2017, the administration of President D. Trump decided to move the US embassy in Israel from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem. On 28.09.2018, Palestine initiated proceedings against the US in connection with the said transfer. According to the ICJ Statute, only the parties of concern can take part in the case before the Court. However, it does open the way for non-member countries that had presented a declaration of submission to the Court’s jurisdiction, to observe. If there are any doubts as to the validity or effects of the declarations, they are decided by the ICJ. In the present case, doubts are connected, in particular, with the status of Palestine as a State, with the status of Jerusalem and with the participation in the proceedings of all interested parties. It is unclear whether Palestine meets the criteria of statehood under international law,and the nation is far from being universally recognized. Nor may the GA Resolution 67/19 be viewed as sufficient collective recognition. Furthermore, we do have reasonable doubt as to whether this is sufficient collective recognition to be essentially constitutive of Palestine’s statehood. This situation is not changed by the acceptance by Palestine of the jurisdiction of the ICC nor accession to UNESCO and to a number of international treaties. On the other hand, the jurisdiction of Israel with respect to East Jerusalem is also disputed. Certain international bodies, including the UNSC, have expressed doubts equally regarding the incorporation of Jerusalem into Israel or that Palestine has claim to the city. The mere submission of a claim by Palestine does not prejudge the existence of a legal title to Jerusalem. The legitimation of Palestine to bring to international court a claim is thus disputable under the law on state responsibility. It is probable that the ICJ would avoid rendering a decision on merits of the dispute, doing so by referring to the principle of Monetary Gold that was formulated by the ICJ in a judgment on 15.06.1954 in a dispute between Italy, on the one hand, and Great Britain, France and the US, on the other. The subject of the dispute was the fate of gold owned by the National Bank of Albania, plundered by Germany in Rome in 1943.In accordance with an arrangement concluded at the Paris Conference on German reparations (14.01.1946), all gold found in Germany that was known to have been plundered was to be returned in proportional shares to the States concerned. In the case of Albania, however, difficulties appeared in connection with two issues: claims by some States (in particular Italy) resulting from nationalisation of the National Bank of Albania, and compensation in favour of the UK due to the ICJ judgement in the Corfu Channel. It was disputable whether the gold belonging formerly to Albania could be redistributed among the unsatisfied claimants without the consent of the Albanian State. The Tribunal avoided the problem and decided that it lacked jurisdiction. It refused to render judgment in a situation in which Albania did not participate in the trial; on the other hand, the ICJ has indicated on what terms Albania could join the proceedings. Albania did not meet the conditions, and the Court decided that it was unable to continue the proceeding.
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Riccò, Matteo, Antonio Baldassarre, Silvia Corrado, and Federico Marchesi. "Seroprevalence of Coxiella burnetii in Occupational Settings: A Meta-Analysis of Italian Studies." Zoonotic Diseases 3, no. 1 (2023): 38–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/zoonoticdis3010005.
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Coxiella burnetii (C. burnetii) can cause a serious human disease known as Q Fever (QF). Our study summarized seroprevalence data from occupational settings in Italy, a country characterized by low notification rates of QF (17 cases between 2015 and 2021). Through systematic research on 3 databases (PubMed, EMBASE, MedRxiv), all studies including seroprevalence rates of C. burnetii in Italy were retrieved, and their results summarized and compared. We identified a total of 7 articles for a total of 1178 workers, mostly from agricultural settings. A pooled seroprevalence of 44.0% (95% Confidence Interval [95%CI] 27.6 to 61.8) was calculated. Subgroup estimates ranged from 2.8% (95%CI 0.9–6.3) in forestry rangers to 49.2% (95%CI 26.8–72.0) in livestock farmers, and peaked at 73.7% (95%CI 56.9–86.6) and 75.9% (95%CI 13.4–98.5) in abattoir workers and veterinary professionals, respectively. Seroprevalence rates for C. burnetii largely exceeded the official notification rates, suggesting its substantial underreporting in Italy.
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Garattini, Livio, Paola De Compadri, Rosamaria Clemente, and Dante Cornago. "ECONOMIC EVALUATIONS IN ITALY: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 19, no. 4 (2003): 685–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462303000643.
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Objectives: To review the economic evaluations (EEs) done in Italy by Italian authors, following a common scheme to allow some comparisons of the studies selected and with the international reviews.Methods: We selected all the original studies published by Italian authors (in Italian or English) in national and international journals. The period considered was January 1994 to December 2001. Both full and partial economic evaluations were included. Three international databases were interrogated: MEDLINE, Embase, and HealthStar; further articles were added from the internal database of our center (CESAV), which also classifies Italian local publications and journals specialized in health economics.Results: A total of ninety-nine studies were reviewed. More than half of the fifty-seven full EEs focused on drugs as type of intervention (n=38), followed by diagnostic screening (n=7). The NHS viewpoint was the most used (n=55 studies), followed by that of society (n=27) and hospitals (n=12). Sixty-eight studies only analyzed direct costs and twenty-nine included both direct and indirect costs. Twenty-five of the thirty-eight pharmacoeconomic full EEs were sponsored by companies. In sixteen of the twenty-five sponsored studies, the sponsor's products were the dominant alternative.Conclusions: The review showed that, in Italy, like elsewhere, there is a gap between theory and practice in EEs, and sponsors can considerably affect the results of EEs.
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Botta, Annarita, Gianmarco Lugli, Matteo Maria Ottaviani, et al. "The impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on healthcare provision in Italy to non-COVID patients: a systematic review." Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases 14, no. 1 (2022): e2022012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4084/mjhid.2022.012.
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Background Italy has been one of the countries most affected by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the regional healthcare system has had to quickly adapt its organization to meet the needs of infected patients. This has led to a drastic change in the routine management of non-communicable diseases with a potential long-term impact on patient health care. We investigated the management of non-COVID-19 patients across all medical specialties in Italy.
 Methods A PRISMA guideline-based systematic review of the literature was performed using PubMed, Embase, and Scopus, restricting the search to the main outbreak period in Italy (from 20 February to 22 June, 2020). We selected articles in English or Italian that detailed changes in the Italian hospital care for non-COVID-19 patients due to the pandemic. Our keywords included all medical specialties in combination with our geographical focus (Italy) and COVID-19.
 Results Of the 4643 potentially eligible studies identified by the search, 247 studies were included. A decrease in the management of emergencies in non-COVID patients was found together with an increase in mortality. Similarly, non-deferrable conditions met a tendency toward decreased diagnosis. All specialties have been affected by the reorganization of healthcare provision in the hub-and-spoke system and have benefited from telemedicine.
 
 Conclusions Our work highlights the changes taking place in the Italian public healthcare system to tackle the developing health crisis due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings of our review may be useful to analyze future directions for the healthcare system in the case of new pandemic scenarios.
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Orso, Massimiliano, Barbara Polistena, Simona Granato, et al. "Pediatric growth hormone treatment in Italy: A systematic review of epidemiology, quality of life, treatment adherence, and economic impact." PLOS ONE 17, no. 2 (2022): e0264403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0264403.
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Objectives This systematic review aims to describe 1) the epidemiology of the diseases indicated for treatment with growth hormone (GH) in Italy; 2) the adherence to the GH treatment in Italy and factors associated with non-adherence; 3) the economic impact of GH treatment in Italy; 4) the quality of life of patients treated with GH and their caregivers in Italy. Methods Systematic literature searches were performed in PubMed, Embase and Web of Science from January 2010 to March 2021. Literature selection process, data extraction and quality assessment were performed by two independent reviewers. Study protocol has been registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021240455). Results We included 25 studies in the qualitative synthesis. The estimated prevalence of growth hormone deficiency (GHD) was 1/4,000–10,000 in the general population of children; the prevalence of Short Stature HOmeoboX Containing gene deficiency (SHOX-D) was 1/1,000–2,000 in the general population of children; the birth prevalence of Turner syndrome was 1/2,500; the birth prevalence of Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) was 1/15,000. Treatment adherence was suboptimal, with a range of non-adherent patients of 10–30%. The main reasons for suboptimal adherence were forgetfulness, being away from home, pain/discomfort caused by the injection. Economic studies reported a total cost for a complete multi-year course of GH treatment of almost 100,000 euros. A study showed that drug wastage can amount up to 15% of consumption, and that in some Italian regions there could be a considerable over- or under-prescribing. In general, patients and caregivers considered the GH treatment acceptable. There was a general satisfaction among patients with regard to social and school life and GH treatment outcomes, while there was a certain level of intolerance to GH treatment among adolescents. Studies on PWS patients and their caregivers showed a lower quality of life compared to the general population, and that social stigma persists. Conclusion Growth failure conditions with approved GH treatment in Italy constitute a significant burden of disease in clinical, social, and economic terms. GH treatment is generally considered acceptable by patients and caregivers. The total cost of the GH treatment is considerable; there are margins for improving efficiency, by increasing adherence, reducing drug wastage and promoting prescriptive appropriateness.
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Arici, Cecilia, Elena Ronda-Pérez, Tishad Tamhid, Katsiaryna Absekava, and Stefano Porru. "Occupational Health and Safety of Immigrant Workers in Italy and Spain: A Scoping Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 22 (2019): 4416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224416.
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The main aim of the present study was to summarize the available literature on the topic of occupational health and safety (OH&S) among immigrant workers (IMWs) in Italy and Spain. We conducted a scoping review, searching Medline, Social Sciences Citation Index, PsycINFO, CINAHL Plus, SciELO, and EMBASE for peer-reviewed articles, published in English, Italian, or Spanish, between 1999–2018. 34 studies were included, 28 with quantitative methodology and 6 with qualitative. Main findings were that, compared to natives, IMWs in Italy and Spain showed higher prevalence of low-skilled jobs and of perceived discrimination at work; higher physical demands, poorer environmental working conditions, and more exposure to occupational risks (e.g., ergonomic and psychosocial hazards); a greater risk of occupational injuries; worse general and mental health; and a plausible worsening of their health status, especially in Spain, as a result of the economic crisis. The findings of the present scoping review constitute warning signs that indicate the need for a holistic global response to ensure that adverse OH&S outcomes among IMWs workers are improved and that equitable access to health care is guaranteed. Such a response will require a concrete and evidence-based approach to prevent and monitor occupational risk factors and associated outcomes in the workplaces.
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Manzo, Ciro. "Incidence and Prevalence of Polymyalgia Rheumatica (PMR): The Importance of the Epidemiological Context. The Italian Case." Medical Sciences 7, no. 9 (2019): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medsci7090092.
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Objectives: to evaluate incidence and prevalence rates of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) in Italy, depending on the epidemiological methodology used from time to time. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature search in MEDLINE and EMBASE was carried out. The following search terms were used: polymyalgia rheumatica, incidence, prevalence, epidemiology, general practitioner, family medicine, Italy. A search was also carried out in Google scholar using the search phrase: epidemiology of polymyalgia rheumatica in Italy. The period considered was between 1970 and March 2019. All articles containing data on incidence and prevalence of PMR in Italy were read in full. Reviews and non-original manuscripts were excluded as well as all the studies containing incidence and prevalence rates of giant cell arteritis (GCA), unless clearly distinct from data related to patients with PMR alone (isolated and pure PMR). Results: Five articles corresponded to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Two articles were excluded as they were review articles, and three articles were excluded because there were not clear data on incidence and prevalence rates of isolated PMR. Three articles reported data on the annual incidence of PMR (two of them published by the same group of investigators); two articles reported prevalence data. In one article, both incidence and prevalence were calculated. The annual rate of incidence of PMR was between 0.12 and 2.3 cases/1000 inhabitants aged over 50 years. In the two studies publishing prevalence data, they varied from 0.37% to 0.62%. The differences in incidence and prevalence rates were related to several factors such as the different set of diagnostic criteria used for identifying patients or the diagnostic difficulty for patients with atypical presentations, specifically those without raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). In the study with higher annual rate of incidence and higher prevalence of PMR, the collaboration between general practitioner (GP) and the out-of-hospital public rheumatologist resulted in significantly different data than in the other studies. All the five articles presented data from monocentric cohorts. Conclusion: Very few Italian studies addressed the epidemiology of PMR. The contribution of a specific professional figure represented by the out-of-hospital public rheumatologist, present in the Italian National Health System and absent in other countries, can make the Italian experience unique in its kind.
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Kostial, Carolin, Ulf Manuwald, Jan Schulze, Joachim Kugler, and Ulrike Rothe. "Disease-Management-Programs in the Field of Diabetes Mellitus with Identification of the Best Practice in Europe: A Scoping Review." Hormone and Metabolic Research 52, no. 03 (2020): 149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1111-8998.
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AbstractThe objective of this scoping review was to create an up-to-date descriptive overview of published Disease-Management-Program evaluations conducted within Europe. We also assessed the methodological quality of the evaluation and the comparability of the included studies. The Databases Pub Med via Medline and Embase via Ovid were searched for thematically fitting publications. Out of 649 initial titles and abstracts, 45 full-texts were screened for inclusions. Finally, 21 publications met all inclusion criteria. DMPs from Germany, Austria, Italy, the Netherlands and Great Britain were included. The results are tabulated in the results section and discussed descriptively. Due to the heterogeneity of the included studies and the application of sometimes potentially biased study design comparisons were difficult. A uniform European-wide evaluation strategy and common quality features would be desirable.
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Manara, M., I. Prevete, A. Marchesoni, et al. "The Italian Society for Rheumatology recommendations for the management of axial spondyloarthritis." Reumatismo 73, no. 2 (2021): 71–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/reumatismo.2021.1367.
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Over the last few years, the landscape of treatments for axial spondyloarthritis (SpA) has been rapidly evolving, urging international scientific societies to draft or update existing clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) on the management of axial SpA. The Italian Society for Rheumatology (SIR) committed to provide revised and adapted evidence- and expert-based recommendations for the management of patients with axial SpA in Italy. A systematic approach to the adaptation of existing CPGs - the ADAPTE methodology - was adopted to obtain updated recommendations suitable for the Italian context. A systematic literature search was performed in Medline and Embase databases to find international CPGs and consensus statements with recommendations for the management of axial SpA published in the previous five years. A working group composed of rheumatologists with proven experience in the management of axial SpA and methodologists identified the key research questions which guided study selection and data extraction. Guideline quality was assessed using the Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II tool. The Italian recommendations were developed by endorsing or adapting and rewording some existing recommendations. The draft of the recommendations was sent to a multidisciplinary group of external reviewers for comment and rating. Six original CPGs were selected and used to create this SIR CPG, which includes a final set of 14 recommendations covering the management of patients with axial SpA across the following domains: assessment, pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment, and follow-up. The dissemination and implementation of these SIR recommendations are expected to support an evidencebased clinical approach to the management of patients with axial SpA in Italy.
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Sane Schepisi, Monica, Anteo Di Napoli, Rosario Asciutto, Simona Vecchi, Concetta Mirisola, and Alessio Petrelli. "The 2008 Financial Crisis and Changes in Lifestyle-Related Behaviors in Italy, Greece, Spain, and Portugal: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16 (2021): 8734. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168734.
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Italy, Greece, Spain, and Portugal have all been strongly affected by the 2008 financial crisis, which has had a negative impact on health. We systematically evaluated the effects of the crisis on lifestyle and socioeconomic inequalities. We conducted a literature search using MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and health economics databases for studies reporting quantitative comparisons before and after (or during) the crisis on the following risk behaviors: alcohol consumption, smoking habit, healthy diet, physical activity, and psychotropic drugs and substance abuse, without setting any age restrictions. We selected 34 original articles published between 2011 and 2020. During/after the crisis, alcohol consumption and substance abuse decreased, while psychotropic drug use increased. We also observed a deterioration in healthy eating behavior, with a reduction in fruit and vegetable consumption. Smoking habit and physical activity showed a more complex, controversial trend. Socioeconomic inequalities were affected by the recession, and the negative effects on unhealthy lifestyle tended to be more pronounced among the disadvantaged. These results suggest the need to implement health policies and interventions aimed at monitoring risk behaviors, with special regard to disadvantaged people, and considering the potential additional impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Oppeneer, Sarah J., and Kim Robien. "Bisphenol A exposure and associations with obesity among adults: a critical review." Public Health Nutrition 18, no. 10 (2014): 1847–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980014002213.
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AbstractObjectiveTo review the literature on bisphenol A (BPA) exposure and obesity in human populations.DesignSystematic review of the literature via searches of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and reference lists for articles published to 1 August 2014.SettingChina, Italy, Japan, Republic of Korea, Sweden, UK, USA.SubjectsAdults (≥18 years).ResultsEighteen articles were identified and included in the review. Twelve studies included secondary evaluations of BPA exposure and BMI, and six studies evaluated body composition as the primary outcome. All analyses were cross-sectional and no study included in the review received a positive quality rating (twelve negative, six neutral). Eight studies observed a statistically significant positive association between urinary or serum BPA levels and BMI, and ten studies observed no association. Studies where BMI was a primary outcome and studies of neutral quality were more likely to observe an association.ConclusionsStudy results are conflicting and significant methodological issues limit the ability to draw conclusions from these studies. Prospective studies that measure BPA exposure and changes in body weight and composition are needed to establish temporality, causality and the direction of any observed associations.
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Tumedei, Margherita, Eitan Mijiritsky, Carlos Fernando Mourão, et al. "Histological and Biological Response to Different Types of Biomaterials: A Narrative Single Research Center Experience over Three Decades." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 13 (2022): 7942. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137942.
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Background: In more than three decades of work of the Retrieval Bank of the Laboratory for Undemineralized Hard Tissue Histology of the University of Chieti-Pescara in Italy, many types of biomaterials were received and evaluated. The present retrospective review aimed to evaluate the histological and biological aspects of the evaluated bone substitute biomaterials. Methods: In the present study, the authors prepared a retrospective analysis after the screening of some databases (PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE) to find papers published from the Retrieval Bank of the Laboratory for Undermineralized Hard Tissue Histology of the University of Chieti-Pescara analyzing only the papers dealing with bone substitute biomaterials and scaffolds, in the form of granules and block grafts, for bone regeneration procedures. Results: Fifty-two articles were found, including in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies of different biomaterials. These articles were evaluated and organized in tables for a better understanding. Conclusions: Over three decades of studies have made it possible to assess the quality of many bone substitute biomaterials, helping to improve the physicochemical and biological properties of the biomaterials used in daily clinical practice.
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Romasco, Tea, Margherita Tumedei, Francesco Inchingolo, et al. "A Narrative Review on the Effectiveness of Bone Regeneration Procedures with OsteoBiol® Collagenated Porcine Grafts: The Translational Research Experience over 20 Years." Journal of Functional Biomaterials 13, no. 3 (2022): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfb13030121.
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Over the years, several bone regeneration procedures have been proposed using natural (autografts, allografts, and xenografts) and synthetic (i.e., metals, ceramics, and polymers) bone grafts. In particular, numerous in vitro and human and animal in vivo studies have been focused on the discovery of innovative and suitable biomaterials for oral and maxillofacial applications in the treatment of severely atrophied jaws. On this basis, the main objective of the present narrative review was to investigate the efficacy of innovative collagenated porcine bone grafts (OsteoBiol®, Tecnoss®, Giaveno, Italy), designed to be as similar as possible to the autologous bone, in several bone regeneration procedures. The scientific publications were screened by means of electronic databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, and Embase, finally selecting only papers that dealt with bone substitutes and scaffolds for bone and soft tissue regeneration. A total of 201 papers have been detected, including in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. The effectiveness of over 20 years of translational research demonstrated that these specific porcine bone substitutes are safe and able to improve the biological response and the predictability of the regenerative protocols for the treatment of alveolar and maxillofacial defects.
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Ortí-Lucas, Rafael M., María C. Parada-Barba, José E. de la Rubia-Ortí, Alejandra Carrillo-Ruiz, María Beso-Delgado, and An L. D. Boone. "Impact of Chagas Disease in Bolivian Immigrants Living in Europe and the Risk of Stigmatization." Journal of Parasitology Research 2014 (2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/514794.
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Background.The prevalence of Chagas disease in endemic countries varies with the kind of vector involved and the socioeconomic conditions of the population of origin. Due to recent immigration it is an emerging public health problem in Europe, especially in those countries which receive immigrant populations with a high prevalence of carriers. The study reviews the impact of the disease on Bolivian immigrants living in Europe, the preventive measures and regulations applied in European countries, and their repercussion on possible stigmatization of certain population groups.Methods.The Bolivian immigrant population resident in 2012 was estimated and the affected population in different European countries was calculated with data on carrier prevalence that were recently published. The preventive measures and regulations available in Europe were also reviewed. MEDLINE-PubMed, GoPubMed, and Embase were consulted for the literature review.Results.The Bolivian immigrant population has the highest prevalence of Chagas carriers (6.7%–25%) compared to the overall Latin American population (1.3%–2.4%). Only in Spain, France, Belgium, UK, Portugal, Italy, Switzerland, The Netherlands, and Germany, preventive measures are applied to this population. The established regulations are insufficient and completely different criteria are applied in the different countries and this could reflect a certain degree of stigmatization.
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Behan, Laura, Bruna Rubbo, Jane S. Lucas, and Audrey Dunn Galvin. "The patient’s experience of primary ciliary dyskinesia: a systematic review." Quality of Life Research 26, no. 9 (2017): 2265–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11136-017-1564-y.
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Abstract Background Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare genetic disorder characterised by progressive sinopulmonary disease, with symptoms starting soon after birth. The aim of this study is to critically review, analyse, and synthesise the literature in order to understand the experiences of patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) and the impact on health-related quality of life. Method MEDLINE, EBSCO, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsycINFO and EMBASE were searched according to the inclusion criteria. A qualitative analysis of 14 studies was conducted. Results Fourteen studies were included in the review, five with qualitative methodologies. Studies originated from the UK, USA, Italy, Denmark and Belgium, one study included a survey distributed internationally. Significant relationships were found between age and worsening of respiratory symptoms, physical, and mental domains of health-related quality of life, with a greater decline compared with reference populations. Variations between the UK and Italy were found for health-related quality of life and its correlation with time since diagnosis. PCD was found to have a physical impact in all age groups: patients found it difficult to keep up with others, and found energy levels were easily depleted compared to family or peers. In terms of social impact, symptoms lead to embarrassment and a sense of isolation, with patients concealing symptoms and/or their diagnosis. In turn, isolation was also linked with the lack of public and medical knowledge. In relation to emotional impact, anxiety was reported in a number of qualitative studies; patients were anxious about getting sick or when thinking about their future health. The burden of treatment and factors influencing adherence were also discussed in depth. Conclusion Health-related quality of life decreases with age in patients with PCD. For all age groups, PCD was found to greatly impact physical, emotional, social functioning, and treatment burden. More research is needed on the psychosocial impact of the illness, disease burden and its effect on quality of life.
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Vellere, Iacopo, Alessandro Di Felice, Annarita Botta, Andrea Angheben, Alessandro Bartoloni, and Lorenzo Zammarchi. "Pyemotes ventricosus Dermatitis: A Case Report and an Extensive Review of Outbreaks and Clinical Cases." Infectious Disease Reports 14, no. 5 (2022): 668–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/idr14050072.
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(1) Background: Pyemotes ventricosus dermatitis, caused by free-living mites, could be difficult to diagnose since bites are painless and ectoparasites are not visible. We present an unpublished clinical case that occurred in Italy and an extensive review of clinical cases and outbreaks of Pyemotes species. (2) Methods: Case reports and outbreaks of Pyemotes spp. were searched for on Pubmed and Embase. Epidemiological and clinical data were analysed with descriptive statistics. (3) Results: In total, we found 40 case reports and 21 outbreaks to be considered in this review. The majority of cases involved young females, occurred in summer and were observed in Europe. Dermatitis was the most common clinical manifestation. Diagnosis was mainly based on risk factors. Treatment was based on topical steroids and antihistamine drugs. Regarding outbreaks, contact with grain or feed and exposure with infested furniture were the main risk factors. The mean number of involved patients were 69, with symptoms most commonly ending within a week. (4) Conclusions: Pyemotes ventricosus dermatitis is underreported, especially in countries like Africa and Central and South-America, since disease is self-limiting and comet sign is reported in a quarter of cases. The reduction in use of pesticides in agriculture could lead to an increased exposure to Pyemotes spp. in the future.
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Lo Moro, Giuseppina, Tiziana Sinigaglia, Fabrizio Bert, Armando Savatteri, Maria Rosaria Gualano, and Roberta Siliquini. "Reopening Schools during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Overview and Rapid Systematic Review of Guidelines and Recommendations on Preventive Measures and the Management of Cases." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 23 (2020): 8839. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238839.
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Given the limited evidence of school closure effectiveness in containing the pandemic and the consequences for young people, reopening schools with appropriate measures is essential. This overview aimed to describe the main measures planned for the 2020–2021 academic year within the WHO European Region. A rapid systematic review of scientific databases was also performed. The websites of the government, Ministry of Health, and Ministry of Education of European Region countries were searched through 1 October for official documents about the prevention and management of suspected cases/confirmed cases in primary and secondary schools. To find further suggestions, a rapid systematic review was conducted through 20 October searching Pubmed, Scopus, and Embase. There were 23 official documents. France, Luxembourg, Malta, Ireland, Italy, Portugal, the UK, Spain, and San Marino were considered. Performing the rapid review, 855 records were identified and 7 papers were finally selected. The recommendations mostly agreed. However, there was no consensus on the criteria for the return to school of students that tested positive, and the flexibility between attendance at school and remote education for high-risk children often varied. School closure was commonly considered as the very last resort for COVID-19 control. Studies are required to evaluate the impact of different recommendations during this autumn term.
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Tumedei, Margherita, Adriano Piattelli, Marco Degidi, Carlo Mangano, and Giovanna Iezzi. "A Narrative Review of the Histological and Histomorphometrical Evaluation of the Peri-Implant Bone in Loaded and Unloaded Dental Implants. A 30-Year Experience (1988–2018)." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 6 (2020): 2088. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17062088.
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Background: The aim of the present review was to assess the histological and histomorphometrical data from the paper published by our Laboratory on peri-implant bone in dental implants in different loading conditions. Methods: The papers published in different implant loading conditions, in dental implants retrieved from humans, and in the Hard Tissues Research Center of the University of Chieti-Pescara, Italy, were screened on MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and other electronic databases until 31 December 2018. Only articles that reported the histological and histomorphometrical values of the Bone-Implant Contact (BIC) were selected. Results: The system selection provided a total of 155 papers. The manuscripts included for the narrative review were 57. These papers provided histological and histomorphometrical data. Conclusions: The bone remodeling around dental implants was found to be a dynamic process; loading changed the microstructure of the peri-implant bone; and implants were found to provide a successful function, over several decades, with different range of degrees of BIC in vivo (varying from a little more than 30% to a little more than 90%). Loaded implants presented a 10%–12% higher BIC values when compared to submerged, unloaded implants, and rougher surfaces had, on average, about a 10% higher BIC than machined surfaces.
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Gopalakrishnan, Akshaya, Ali Mossaid, Kevin Bryan Lo, Viswanath Vasudevan, Peter A. McCullough, and Janani Rangaswami. "Fulminant Acute Kidney Injury in a Young Patient with Novel Coronavirus 2019." Cardiorenal Medicine 10, no. 4 (2020): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000508179.
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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic affecting more than 200 countries and 180,000 cases in the United States. While the outbreak began in China, the number of cases outside of China exceeded those in China on March 15, 2020 and are currently rising at an exponential rate. The number of fatalities in the United States are expected to exceed more than Italy and China. The disease is characterized predominantly as an acute respiratory illness. However, preliminary data suggests that kidney is a target for the virus and deterioration of renal function was associated with poor outcomes including in-hospital mortality. We present a report of a patient with COVID-19 who presented with acute onset of symptoms and normal renal function at baseline but rapidly deteriorated resulting in death. The timing of decline in renal function correlated with his worsening clinical status. He was started on continuous veno-venous hemofiltration without signs of clinical benefit. We also present the possible mechanisms for acute kidney injury in these patients. We performed a review of the emerging literature by searching PubMed, Google Scholar, and EMBASE for studies and/or case series published on this topic. Acute kidney injury might help risk stratify critically ill patients on a fatal course of COVID-19.
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Olfati, Hamide, Hamed Ghoshouni, Narges Ebrahimi, Aida Mohammadi, and Mahsa Ghajarzadeh. "Is Celiac Disease (CD) Prevalent in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Multiple Sclerosis International 2022 (December 10, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7091140.
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Background. Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disease, and its prevalence reported variously in different studies. The goal of this study is to evaluate the pooled prevalence of CD in subjects with MS. Methods. PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar along with gray literature were systematically searched. The search included all relevant studies which were published up to October 2022. Two researchers independently searched all databases and also references of included studies. Results. We found 8211 articles by literature search, and after deleting duplicates, 5594 remained. Fifteen articles remained for meta-analysis. Totally, 31418 patients were evaluated, and the total number of possible/confirmed cases was 124. Studies were published between 2004 and 2020, and the most published studies were from Italy. Five studies provided information regarding controls. The total number of controls was 22394, of whom 22 had CD. Mean age ranged from 35 to 55 years. The pooled prevalence of CD in MS patients was 0 ( I 2 = 88.2 %, p < 0.001 ). The pooled odds of CD in subjects with MS are 0.46 (95% CI: 0.19-1.1) ( I 2 = 0 , p = 0.9 ). Conclusion. The pooled prevalence of this systematic review showed that CD is not prevalent in MS cases.
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Ofori-Asenso, Richard, Mohammad Ali Mohsenpour, Mehran Nouri, Shiva Faghih, Danny Liew, and Mohsen Mazidi. "Association of Spicy Chilli Food Consumption With Cardiovascular and All-Cause Mortality: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies." Angiology 72, no. 7 (2021): 625–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003319721995666.
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This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the association between spicy food (chilli pepper, chilli sauce, or chilli oil) consumption with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Medline and EMBASE were searched from their inception until February 2020 to identify relevant prospective cohort studies. Hazard ratios (HRs)/relative risk (RRs) were pooled via random-effect meta-analysis. Of the 4387 citations identified, 4 studies (from the United States, China, Italy, and Iran) were included in the meta-analysis. The included studies involved a total of 564 748 adults (aged ≥18 years; 51.2% female) followed over a median duration of 9.7 years. The pooled data suggested that compared with people who did not regularly consume spicy food (none/<1 d/wk), regular consumers of spicy food experienced a 12% (HR/RRpooled 0.88, 95% CI, 0.86-0.90; I 2 = 0%) lower risk of all-cause mortality. Moreover, spicy food consumption was associated with significant reduction in the risk of death from cardiac diseases (HR/RRpooled 0.82, 0.73-0.91; I 2 = 0%), but not from cerebrovascular disorders (HR/RRpooled 0.79, 0.53-1.17; I 2 = 72.2%). In conclusion, available epidemiological studies suggest that the consumption of spicy chilli food is associated with reduced risk of all-cause as well as heart disease–related mortality. Further studies in different populations are needed to confirm this association.
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Andreev, Dmitrii N., Yury A. Kucheryavyy, Aleksandr N. Kaziulin, and Igor V. Maev. "Effect of adjuvant therapy with butyric acid on the safety profile of oral antibiotic therapy: a meta-analysis of controlled studies." Consilium Medicum 23, no. 5 (2021): 402–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/20751753.2021.5.200883.
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Aim. Systematization of data on the effect of adjuvant therapy with butyric acid (BA) on the safety profile of oral antibiotic therapy (ABT). Methods. Search of studies were carried out in MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, Google Scholar, Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI) electronic databases until April 2021 inclusive. We analyzed titles and annotations in the named databases. The following combination of keywords was used for the search: "butyric acid" or "butyrate" + "antibiotic therapy" or "antibiotics" or "eradication" or "eradication therapy", as well as their analogs in English for searching in foreign databases. Results. The meta-analysis included 9 controlled studies (1 – Italy, 8 – Russia) involving 1409 patients (700 – in groups with BA; 709 – in comparison groups). Meta-analysis showed that the addition of BA to ABT regimens contributes to a significant reduction in the overall incidence of gastrointestinal side effects (odds ratio – OR 0.424, 95% confidence interval – CI 0.218–0.824), the incidence of diarrhea during the 1st (OR 0.228 , 95% CI 0.103–0.507) and 2nd week (OR 0.141, 95% CI 0.0732–0.271), abdominal distention during 1st (OR 0.392, 95% CI 0.180–0.854) and 2nd week ( OR 0.136, 95% CI 0.0480–0.384), bitterness in the mouth during 2nd week (OR 0.284, 95% CI 0.115–0.700). Conclusion. A meta-analysis has shown that the inclusion of BA in ABT regimens significantly reduces the incidence of side effects (diarrhea, bloating, bitterness in the mouth).
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Giesbrecht, Norman, Emilene Reisdorfer, and Isabelle Rios. "Alcohol Health Warning Labels: A Rapid Review with Action Recommendations." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 18 (2022): 11676. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811676.
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A rapid review of research on health warning labels located on alcohol containers (AWLs) was conducted. Using five search engines (Embase, Medline, Pubmed, Scopus, Psyinfo), 2975 non-duplicate citations were identified between the inception date of the search engine and April 2021. Of those, 382 articles were examined and retrieved. We selected 122 research papers for analysis and narrative information extraction, focusing on population foci, study design, and main outcomes. Research included public opinion studies, surveys of post-AWL implementation, on-line and in-person experiments and real-world quasi-experiments. Many studies focused on the effects of the 1989 United States Alcoholic Beverage Labeling Act on perceptions, intentions and behavior. Others focused on Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, England or Scotland, Italy and France. There was substantial variation in the design of the studies, ranging from small-scale focus groups to on-line surveys with large samples. Over time, evidence has been emerging on label design components, such as large size, combination of text and image, and specific health messaging, that is likely to have some desired impact on knowledge, awareness of risk and even the drinking behavior of those who see the AWLs. This body of evidence provides guidance to policy-makers, and national and regional authorities, and recommendations are offered for discussion and consideration.
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Kwasny, Caroline, Ulf Manuwald, Joachim Kugler, and Ulrike Rothe. "Systematic Review of the Epidemiology and Natural History of the Metabolic Vascular Syndrome and its Coincidence with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Diseases in Different European Countries." Hormone and Metabolic Research 50, no. 03 (2017): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-122395.
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AbstractThe objectives of this systematic review were to estimate the incidence, prevalence and natural history of the metabolic (vascular) syndrome (MVS) among adults in different European countries. Furthermore, we assessed its co-incidence with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). PubMed, MedLine, and EMBASE (via Ovid) were searched for relevant studies. After reading 116 full-text articles to find eligible ones, 66 publications met our inclusion criteria. Data for the incidence are based on a study from Portugal, in which the incidence rate for the MVS was 47.2/1000 person-years. Prevalence varied strongly depending on country and definition. The lowest was found in the United Kingdom (3%), the highest in Finland (71.7%). No article that deals with the natural history of the MVS was found. Considering the co-existence of MVS and T2DM, it ranged between 2% (United Kingdom) and 74.4% (Spain). The co-occurrence of MVS and CVD ranged from 2.8% (Italy) up to 52% (Netherlands). Coronary heart disease (CHD) varied between 1.2% and 44.2%. With regard to peripheral artery disease (PAD), values between 3.3% and 59.8% were found. Due to the many different definitions of the MVS, a comparison is very difficult. Overall prevalence ranged between 3% and 71.7% depending on definition, age, and country. An association between MVS and T2DM as well as several CVD can be assumed.
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Rivera, Paola Andrea, Bojan Luc Nys, and Fabián Fiestas. "Impact of COVID-19 induced lockdown on physical activity and sedentary behavior among university students: A systematic review." Medwave 21, no. 08 (2021): e8456-e8456. http://dx.doi.org/10.5867/medwave.2021.08.8456.
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Background The COVID-19 pandemic has entailed a significant socio-economic impact on various layers of the population. In many countries, attempts to control viral dissemination involved lockdown measures that limited citizens' overall mobility and professional and leisure activities. Objective This systematic review investigates the impact of COVID-19-induced lockdowns on university student physical activity and sedentary behav-ior, as these relate to physical and mental well-being. Methods Data was collected through PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, SCOPUS, and APA PsycInfo databases until January 2021. Results Seven studies conducted in five different countries (United States, Spain, Italy, China, and United Kingdom) were included in the final review. Overall, most studies reported a significant decrease in mild physical activity (i.e., walking) among undergraduate students but not among graduate students. Consistently, most studies reported a significant increase in sedentary time (i.e., sitting time on weekdays) in undergraduate students but not in graduate students. We observed that students who were more sedentary previous to lockdown, increased or did not change their moderate and/or vigorous physical activity. In contrast, those who were less sedentary previous to lockdown decreased their moderate and/or vigorous physical activity. Conclusions COVID 19 induced lockdowns appear to have negatively affected walking and sedentary behavior among undergraduate students but not among graduate students. Our results highlight the importance of promoting the World Health Organization recommendations for physical activity and sedentary behavior among university students to improve health outcomes.
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Cheuiche, Amanda, Leila de Paula, Iara Lucena, Candice Moro, and Sandra Silveiro. "ODP376 Accuracy of Doppler Assessment of the Uterine Arteries for the Diagnosis of Pubertal Onset in Girls: A Scoping Review." Journal of the Endocrine Society 6, Supplement_1 (2022): A599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvac150.1241.
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Abstract Introduction The uterine artery pulsatility index (PI) assessed by Doppler ultrasonography (US) reflects the blood flow impedance in the vessel distal to the sampling point and tends to decrease with the onset of puberty, being suggested as a parameter to define pubertal development. Objective To evaluate the accuracy of the uterine artery PI for the diagnosis of puberty in girls. Methods A PRISMA-ScR-compliant scoping review was performed in the MEDLINE and Embase databases with "puberty" and "Doppler ultrasonography" as search terms. Studies that included girls aged 0-18 years who underwent pelvic US with Doppler of the uterine arteries and calculation of the PI were considered eligible. Results Ten studies comprising 1385 girls aged 1.2-18 years were included. The selected studies were published between 1996 and 2021 and included participants from five countries (Italy, Brazil, Iran, Belgium and Denmark). Six studies included girls who were referred for evaluation of pubertal disorders, mainly thelarche or early-onset pubarche, while four studies selected only healthy girls. Nine studies found a significant difference in Doppler and PI according to pubertal stage, with PI cutoff points ranging from 2.5 to 4.6 for the diagnosis of onset of puberty, with a sensitivity of 77-94%, specificity of 85-100% and accuracy of 79-98%. Conclusion Doppler assessment of the uterine arteries with PI calculation is a useful noninvasive tool in the diagnosis of onset of secondary sexual characteristics in girls. Presentation: No date and time listed
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Rizzo, Maria, Yingxin Xu, Ike Iheanacho, and Sumeet Panjabi. "A Systematic Literature Review on the Epidemiological Burden in Multiple Myeloma." Blood 124, no. 21 (2014): 5704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.5704.5704.
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Abstract Objective: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a rare condition, that is, one defined by the European Medicines Agency as affecting no more than 5 in 10,000 people in the EU. It is also the second most common hematologic malignancy. MM is particularly burdensome because most patients eventually relapse and develop refractory disease. To help characterize the epidemiological burden and trends associated with the condition we conducted a systematic literature review to identify published evidence on outcomes including overall incidence and prevalence and survival in patients with relapsed (R) or relapsed and refractory (RR) MM. Methods: We searched the MEDLINE and Embase databases for articles in English published between 2003 and 2013. Identified studies were initially screened using information in the title and abstract, and then by examining the full text using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. These criteria specified that to be included, studies had to have reported real-world data on the incidence or prevalence of MM or survival in patients with RMM/RRMM in the following countries: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Korea, Mexico, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, and the UK. To improve generalizability, only studies with a sample size of 100 patients or more were included. Results: The review identified a total of 1,632 studies across MEDLINE and Embase. Following screening, 22 studies met the predefined selection criteria (as described above in the Methods section). Most studies (n=21) were retrospective in design, of which 10 studies reported on incidence and/or prevalence outcomes and 12 on survival. Specifically, incidence was reported for populations in Brazil (n=1), Canada (n=1), France (n=1), Germany (n=1), Italy (n=1), Korea (n=3), and Taiwan (n=2); two of these studies also reported prevalence data for populations in Brazil and Korea. The studies on survival included patients who received a range of 1 to 9 previous treatments for MM and were conducted in Canada (n=1), France (n=1), Germany (n=2), Italy (n=4), South Korea (n=1), Spain (n=1) and the UK (n=2). No published studies for any of the outcomes of interest were identified for populations in the following countries: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Mexico, the Netherlands, Sweden, or Switzerland. In the studies that reported a crude (i.e., age-unadjusted) incidence for MM, the incidence ranged from around 1.4 to 2.1 cases per 100,000 population per year. Of note, the incidence was found to have risen in recent decades, from 1.0 case per 100,000 population in 1999 to 1.5 cases per 100,000 in 2009 in Korea (a rise of 4.1% each year; p < 0.05) and from 0.36 cases per 100,000 in the period from 1979 to 1983 to 1.6 cases per 100,000 in 2009 in Taiwan (a 4.4-fold increase between these years). The prevalence of MM was 5.7 per 100,000 population from October 2009 to March 2010 in Brazil and 5.5 per 100,000 population in January 2010 in Korea. Among patients who received chemotherapy regimens to manage RMM/RRMM, overall survival ranged from 12.4 months in those treated with bendamustine (following a median of 4 previous lines of therapy that included alkylators, steroids, an immunomodulatory drug, and bortezomib) to 26.2 months for those treated with thalidomide with or without the use of salvage therapy (following a median of 1 prior therapy). One study that explored predictors of overall survival found that this outcome was significantly worse in patients who previously receive more lines of treatment (3 or above) compared with those who received fewer lines of treatment (18.1 months compared with 38.9 months, respectively; p = 0.019). Conclusions: Recently published data on key epidemiological outcomes in MM are limited, even for several industrialized countries, perhaps reflecting the condition’s rare-disease status. The available evidence suggests that the incidence of MM has been rising in recent decades, though the overall incidence remains low enough for MM to still be considered a rare disease. Despite the range of chemotherapeutic options that are currently available, survival in patients who have RMM/RRMM is poor and worsens with each relapse and with increasing number of prior lines of treatment. This pattern of decreasing survival in later lines of treatment suggests the need for additional therapies to improve outcomes in MM and RMM/RRMM. Disclosures Rizzo: Onyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc., an Amgen subsidiary: Consultancy; Evidera: Employment. Xu:Onyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc., an Amgen subsidiary: Consultancy; Evidera: Employment. Iheanacho:Onyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc., an Amgen subsidiary: Consultancy; Evidera: Employment. Panjabi:Onyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc., an Amgen subsidiary: Employment, Equity Ownership.
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Zlatkovic-Svenda, Mirjana, Roksanda Stojanovic, Sandra Sipetic-Grujicic, Marija Radak-Perovic, and Francis Guillemin. "Prevalence of spondyloarthritis and its subtypes - are they really comparable?" Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 147, no. 3-4 (2019): 235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh180110009z.
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Introduction/Objective. Increasing spondyloarthritis (SpA) prevalence in the last several decades cannot be attributed to disease manifestations alone. The objective of this paper is to review the prevalence of SpA and its subtypes: ankylosing spondylitis (AS), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), reactive arthritis (ReA), SpA related to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and undifferentiated SpA (UnSpA). Methods. MEDLINE literature search was done via PubMed, Google Scholar, and Embase databases, using terms for spondyloarthritis, and prevalence, with an additional hand searching. Results. As compared with southern European countries, northern European countries (Scotland, Sweden, France) showed lower SpA prevalence rates (0.21?0.45% vs. 1.06% and 1.35% in Italy and Turkey, respectively). The lowest world SpA prevalence was in African and Southeast Asian countries (0?0.19%), and the highest was in Alaska (2.5%). The widest variability in PsA prevalence was in Europe (northern 0.02?0.19%, southern 0.42%). The lowest world PsA prevalence was in Japan (0.001%), followed by China (0.01?0.10%). The European ReA prevalence ranged from 0.04% in Greece to 0.10% in Serbia and Germany, and the European UnSpA prevalence varied from 0.02% in Serbia to 0.67% in Germany; the highest world UnSpA prevalence was in Lebanon (3.4%). Studies aimed at estimating the SpA prevalence differed in sampling strategy and confirmation criteria, different cutoffs for age groups inclusion, presentation of standardized or row results, etc. Conclusion. Variation in the SpA prevalence cannot be attributed to genetic or geographic distribution only. Differences in methodology of studies add to the diversification, described more in-depth in this review.
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Ughi, N., G. D. Sebastiani, R. Gerli, et al. "The Italian Society of Rheumatology clinical practice guidelines for the management of polymyalgia rheumatica." Reumatismo 72, no. 1 (2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/reumatismo.2020.1268.
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Objective: to provide evidence-based up-to-date recommendations for the management of patients with a definite diagnosis of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR). Methods: A systematic literature review was performed to find the existing clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) on PMR and the framework of the Guidelines International Network Adaptation Working Group was used to appraise (AGREE II), synthesize, and customize the recommendations according to the needs of the Italian healthcare context. Rheumatologists on behalf of the Italian Society of Rheumatology (SIR) and from the SIR Epidemiology Unit joined the working group and identified the key health questions on PMR to guide the systematic literature review. Physicians, including general practitioners and specialists, and health professionals who manage PMR in the clinical practice were the target audience. The final recommendations were rated externally by a multi-disciplinary and multi-professional group of stakeholders. Results: From the systematic search in databases (Medline, Embase) and grey literature, 3 CPGs were identified and appraised by two independent raters. Combining the statements and the evidence from these CPGs, 9 recommendations were developed by endorsement or adaptation in response to the initial key health questions. The quality of evidence was graded and the working group discussed the final recommendations in view of their implementation in the Italian healthcare context. Conclusions: In absence of national guidelines so far, these recommendations are the first to provide guidance for the management of patients with a diagnosis of PMR in Italy and they are expected to ensure the best evidence-based clinical practice for this disease.
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Brettel, Julia Heike, Ulf Manuwald, Henriette Hornstein, Joachim Kugler, and Ulrike Rothe. "Chronic-Care-Management Programs for Multimorbid Patients with Diabetes in Europe: A Scoping Review with the Aim to Identify the Best Practice." Journal of Diabetes Research 2021 (November 9, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6657718.
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Aim. This scoping review is aimed at providing a current descriptive overview of care programs based on the chronic care model (CCM) according to E. H. Wagner. The evaluation is carried out within Europe and assesses the methodology and comparability of the studies. Methods. A systematic search in the databases PubMed, Embase, and MEDLINE via OVID was conducted. In the beginning, 2309 articles were found and 48 full texts were examined, 19 of which were incorporated. Included were CCM-based programs from Belgium, Cyprus, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, and the Netherlands. All 19 articles were presented descriptively whereof 11 articles were finally evaluated in a checklist by Rothe et al. (2020). In this paper, the studies were tabulated and evaluated conforming to the same criteria. Results. Due to the complexity of the CCM and the heterogeneity of the studies in terms of setting and implementation, a direct comparison proved difficult. Nevertheless, the review shows that CCM was successfully implemented in various care situations and also can be useful in single practices, which often dominate the primary care sector in many European health systems. The present review was able to provide a comprehensive overview of the current care situation of chronically ill patients with multimorbidities. Conclusions. A unified nomenclature concerning the distinction between disease management programs and CCM-based programs should be aimed for. Similarly, homogeneous quality standards and a Europe-wide evaluation strategy would be necessary to identify best practice models and to provide better care for the steadily growing number of chronically multimorbid patients.
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Ong, Sharon, Wan Yen Lim, John Ong, and Peter Kam. "Anesthesia guidelines for COVID-19 patients: a narrative review and appraisal." Korean Journal of Anesthesiology 73, no. 6 (2020): 486–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.4097/kja.20354.
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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has challenged health systems globally and prompted the publication of several guidelines. The experiences of our international colleagues should be utilized to protect patients and healthcare workers. The primary aim of this article is to appraise national guidelines for the perioperative anesthetic management of patients with COVID-19 so that they can be enhanced for the management of any resurgence of the epidemic. PubMed and EMBASE databases were systematically searched for guidelines related to SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, the World Federation Society of Anesthesiologists COVID-19 resource webpage was searched for national guidelines; the search was expanded to include countries with a high incidence of SARS-CoV. The guidelines were evaluated using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II tool. Guidelines from Australia, Canada, China, India, Italy, South Africa, South Korea, Taiwan, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America were evaluated. All the guidelines focused predominantly on intubation and infection control. The scope and purpose of guidelines from China were the most comprehensive. The UK and South Africa provided the best clarity. Editorial independence, the rigor of development, and applicability scored poorly. Heterogeneity and gaps pertaining to preoperative screening, anesthesia technique, subspecialty anesthesia, and the lack of auditing of guidelines were identified. Evidence supporting the recommendations was weak. Early guidelines for the anesthetic management of COVID-19 patients lacked quality and a robust reporting framework. As new evidence emerges, national guidelines should be updated to enhance rigor, clarity, and applicability.
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Andreev, D. N., Yu A. Kucheryavyy, and I. V. Maev. "Efficacy of butyric acid inclusion in eradication regimens for Helicobacter pylori infection: a meta-analysis of controlled trials." Terapevticheskii arkhiv 93, no. 2 (2021): 158–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/00403660.2021.02.200608.
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Aim. Systematization of data on the efficacy and safety of butyric acid inclusion in eradication therapy (ET) regimens for Helicobacter pylori infection.
 Methods. Research searches were carried out in the electronic databases MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, Google Scholar, the Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI) until November 2020. All controlled studies comparing the efficacy and/or safety of including butyric acid in ET regimens for H. pylori infection were included in the final analysis.
 Results. The meta-analysis included 6 controlled studies (1 Italy, 5 Russia) involving 736 patients (381 in the ET groups with butyric acid; 355 in the comparison groups). The pooled eradication efficiency in the butyric acid groups was 90.23% (95% confidence interval CI 86.73493.069), while in the comparison groups it was 65.69% (95% CI 60.44170.669). Meta-analysis showed that the addition of butyric acid to ET regimens significantly increased the eradication efficiency (odds ratio OR 5.355, 95% CI 3.5048.184; p0.001). There was no significant heterogeneity between results (p=0.1408; I2=42.1%). The addition of butyric acid to ET regimens significantly reduces the risk of diarrhea (OR 0.225, 95% CI 0.09230.549; p=0.001; I2=34.21%) and abdominal distention (OR 0.357, 95% CI 0.1550.818; p=0.015; I2=80.13%) by the end of the 1st week of treatment.
 Conclusion. The present meta-analysis demonstrated that the inclusion of butyric acid in ET regimens for H. pylori infection significantly increases the effectiveness of treatment and reduce the incidence of side effects. Apparently, the increase in the effectiveness of eradication is due to an increase in patient compliance with treatment due to an improvement in the safety profile of therapy.
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Cozzi, Ilaria, Giovanni Rossi, Emma Rullo, and Valeria Ascoli. "CLASSIC KSHV/HHV-8-POSITIVE PRIMARY EFFUSION LYMPHOMA (PEL): A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS OF CASE REPORTS." Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases 14, no. 1 (2022): e2022020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4084/mjhid.2022.020.
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Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) is a large B-cell lymphoma growing within body-cavities caused by the Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV)/human herpesvirus-8 (KSHV/HHV-8). It is mainly reported in HIV-infected patients. The uncommon occurrence in the elderly supports a form paralleling classic Kaposi sarcoma (KS), i.e. classic PEL, whose characteristics are relatively underexplored. To better understand the diagnostic modalities and clinical-epidemiological features of classic PEL, articles reporting cases of PEL were identified through MEDLINE/EMBASE databases (January 1998-July 2020) and screened according to PRISMA guidelines to extract individual-level data. A comparison was also performed between classic PEL and classic KS to evaluate similarities and differences. We identified 105 subjects (median age 77 years; 86% males), mainly from Mediterranean countries (52%, first Italy) and Eastern Europe (7%). Common comorbidities were heart failure (32%), cirrhosis (16%), and malignancy (20%) including lymphoid neoplasms. Pleural cavity was the commonest site (67%). PEL diagnosis was based on cytomorphology (89%), evidence of KSHV/HHV-8 infection (94%), EBV co-infection (28%) and clonality of IGH (59%), IGK (14%), TRG (9%) alone or in multiple combinations. Compared to KS, age (P<.001), gender-ratio (P=.08) and mortality (P<.001) were significantly higher in PEL, whereas the frequency of PEL as a second primary was similar (P=.44). This is the first systematic review of classic PEL case reports highlighting heterogeneity and lack of a uniform multidisciplinary approach at diagnosis, in the absence of specific guidelines as it happens for rare cancers. It is conceivable that classic PEL is still underdiagnosed in Mediterranean countries wherein KSHV/HHV-8 is endemic.
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Patel, Priya, and Laura Lyons. "Examining the Knowledge, Awareness, and Perceptions of Palliative Care in the General Public Over Time: A Scoping Literature Review." American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine® 37, no. 6 (2019): 481–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049909119885899.
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Background: The field of palliative care (PC) is growing as the world population ages and burden of chronic diseases increases. Thus, it is important that the general public is knowledgeable about PC and the benefits PC provides. Objective: The aim of this study is to describe the public’s knowledge, awareness, and perceptions of PC and determine whether these have changed over time. Methods: A scoping literature review was conducted from 1968 to May 2019 using PubMed, EMBASE, and MEDLINE databases. Results: Thirteen studies met inclusion criteria that originated from the United States, Canada, Scotland, Italy, New Zealand, Ireland, United Kingdom, Korea, and Sweden between years 2003 and 2019. Participants were adults and mostly younger than 64 years, women, and Caucasian. The majority of studies reported the public having poor knowledge (7/9 articles) and awareness (4/6 articles) of PC over the past 16 years. Top characteristics associated with increased levels of knowledge and/or awareness of PC included women (6/8 articles), age 40+ (6/8 articles), experience with a close friend and/or relative requiring PC (4/8 articles), and working in health-care and/or PC (4/8 articles). The most common perceptions of PC were associated with patients who have terminal illnesses and end-of-life care. Participants commonly received information about PC from the media, having a close friend or relative requiring PC, and working in a health-care setting. Conclusions: The public has poor knowledge and awareness about PC and several misperceptions exist. These findings have remained constant over time despite growth in the field of PC, which highlights the strong need for focused educational interventions.
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Cheng, Chien-Wei, Yan-Bo Huang, Hsiao-Yun Chao, Chip-Jin Ng, and Shou-Yen Chen. "Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Pediatric Emergency Medicine: A Systematic Review." Medicina 58, no. 8 (2022): 1112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina58081112.
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(1) Background and Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has considerably affected clinical systems, especially the emergency department (ED). A decreased number of pediatric patients and changes in disease patterns at the ED have been noted in recent research. This study investigates the real effect of the pandemic on the pediatric ED comprehensively by performing a systematic review of relevant published articles. (2) Materials and Methods: A systematic review was conducted based on a predesigned protocol. We searched PubMed and EMBASE databases for relevant articles published until 30 November 2021. Two independent reviewers extracted data by using a customized form, and any conflicts were resolved through discussion with another independent reviewer. The aggregated data were summarized and analyzed. (3) Results: A total of 25 articles discussing the impact of COVID-19 on pediatric emergencies were included after full-text evaluation. Geographic distribution analysis indicated that the majority of studies from the European continent were conducted in Italy (32%, 8/25), whereas the majority of the studies from North America were conducted in the United States (24%, 6/25). The majority of the studies included a study period of less than 6 months and mostly focused on the first half of 2020. All of the articles revealed a decline in the number of pediatric patients in the ED (100%, 25/25), and most articles mentioned a decline in infectious disease cases (56%, 14/25) and trauma cases (52%, 13/25). (4) Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a decline in the number of pediatric patients in the ED, especially in the low-acuity patient group. Medical behavior changes, anti-epidemic policies, increased telemedicine use, and family financial hardship were possible factors. A decline in common pediatric infectious diseases and pediatric trauma cases was noted. Researchers should focus on potential child abuse and mental health problems during the pandemic.
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Li, Yangni, Weinan Yang, Jinhui Li, et al. "Relationship between serum insulin-like growth factor 1 levels and ischaemic stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis." BMJ Open 12, no. 6 (2022): e045776. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045776.
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ObjectiveTo assess the association of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) with the risk of incident ischaemic stroke and outcome after ischaemic stroke.DesignA systematic review of primary studies.SettingHospitals in Western Sweden, Italy, China and Denmark.MethodsA search was carried out in eligible studies in electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Web of Science) updated to 29 December 2020. The relevant data were extracted in order to conduct the meta-analysis. Review Manager V.5.2 was used to pool data and calculate the mean difference (MD) and its 95% CI. Heterogeneity, subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis and publication bias were also performed in this meta-analysis.ResultsA total of 2277 patients were included in 17 studies. This meta-analysis indicated that higher serum IGF-1 levels were significantly correlated with less risk of ischaemic stroke (MD=−45.32 95% CI –63.70 to –26.94], p < 0.00001, I2=99%) and better improvement of outcome after ischaemic stroke (MD=27.52, 95% CI 3.89 to 51.14, p=0.02, I2=96%). According to subgroup analysis, heterogeneity comes from country, sample size, male and the time from symptom onset to blood collection. Sensitivity analysis showed that there was no significant influence of any individual study on the pooled MD. The effect of high heterogeneity on result credibility was eliminated when four included studies were merged (MD=−30.32, 95% CI −36.52 to –24.11, p< 0.00001, I2=0%). Moreover, no potential publication bias was discovered in this meta-analysis.ConclusionHigher serum IGF-1 was significantly correlated with a lower risk of ischaemic stroke. In view of the high degree of heterogeneity, it may need more studies to confirm the prognostic value of serum IGF-1 levels in ischaemic stroke and explore the sources of heterogeneity.
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Lee, Keng Siang, Stefan Yordanov, Daniel Stubbs, Ellie Edlmann, Alexis Joannides, and Benjamin Davies. "Integrated care pathways in neurosurgery: A systematic review." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (2021): e0255628. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255628.
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Introduction Integrated care pathways (ICPs) are a pre-defined framework of evidence based, multidisciplinary practice for specific patients. They have the potential to enhance continuity of care, patient safety, patient satisfaction, efficiency gains, teamwork and staff education. In order to inform the development of neurosurgical ICPs in the future, we performed a systematic review to aggregate examples of neurosurgical ICP, to consider their impact and design features that may be associated with their success. Methods Electronic databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL were searched for relevant literature published from date of inception to July 2020. Primary studies reporting details of neurosurgical ICPs, across all pathologies and age groups were eligible for inclusion. Patient outcomes in each case were also recorded. Results Twenty-four studies were included in our final dataset, from the United States, United Kingdom, Italy, China, Korea, France, Netherlands and Switzerland, and a number of sub-specialties. 3 for cerebrospinal fluid diversion, 1 functional, 2 neurovascular, 1 neuro-oncology, 2 paediatric, 2 skull base, 10 spine, 1 for trauma, 2 miscellaneous (other craniotomies). All were single centre studies with no regional or national examples. Thirteen were cohort studies while 11 were case series which lacked a control group. Effectiveness was typically evaluated using hospital or professional performance metrics, such as length of stay (n = 11, 45.8%) or adverse events (n = 17, 70.8%) including readmission, surgical complications and mortality. Patient reported outcomes, including satisfaction, were evaluated infrequently (n = 3, 12.5%). All studies reported a positive impact. No study reported how the design of the ICP was informed by published literature or other methods Conclusions ICPs have been successfully developed across numerous neurosurgical sub-specialities. However, there is often a lack of clarity over their design and weaknesses in their evaluation, including an underrepresentation of the patient’s perspective.