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Journal articles on the topic 'Embedded computer systems. Inbyggda system'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Hatton, Les. "Embedded System Paranoia: a tool for testing embedded system arithmetic." Information and Software Technology 47, no. 8 (June 2005): 555–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2004.10.005.

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2

Dietrich, Dietmar, and Heinrich Garn. "Embedded Vision System." EURASIP Journal on Embedded Systems 2007 (2007): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/34323.

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3

Isoaho, Jouni, Seppo Virtanen, and Juha Plosila. "Current Challenges in Embedded Communication Systems." International Journal of Embedded and Real-Time Communication Systems 1, no. 1 (January 2010): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jertcs.2010103001.

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This article defines and analyses key challenges met in future embedded systems in networked multimedia and communication applications. Self-awareness, interoperability and embedded security are used to characterize different aspects of designing and implementing next generation embedded systems. The dynamic nature of applications and implementations as well as possible technological faults and variations need to be considered in system verification and modeling. A new design layer needs to be added to current NoC platforms in order to build procedures that take into account dynamic system reconfigurations, fault-tolerance aspects and flexible portability. Increased modularity and networked implementations create a need for trust management mechanisms between system components and technology for analyzing validity and correctness of received application and system configuration information.

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Jiang, Zi Li. "Research of Development of Embedded Systems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 539 (July 2014): 547–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.539.547.

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With embedded systems widely used and the continuous improvement of the user to the data processing and management needs, a variety of smart devices and database technology are tightly combined, this has got integrated attention. Embedded system is dedicated computer system that is application-centric, based on computer technology, software and hardware can be tailored to meet the stringent requirements of the application system, which strict with functionality, reliability, cost, size and power consumption. It is the product of the development of computer technology, now it has become an important part of the computer field. The embedded database will be in everywhere in the near future. Looking at the current international and domestic embedded database application, market has entered a stage of accelerated development based on embedded database applications.

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Slavov, Tsonyo, Alexander Mitov, and Jordan Kralev. "Advanced Embedded Control of Electrohydraulic Power Steering System." Cybernetics and Information Technologies 20, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 105–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cait-2020-0020.

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AbstractThe article presents a developed embedded system for control of electrohydraulic power steering based on multivariable uncertain plant model and advanced control techniques. The plant model is obtained by identification procedure via “black box” system identification and takes into account the deviations of the parameters that characterize the way that the control signal acts on the state of the model. Three types of controller are designed: Linear-Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) controller, H∞ controller and μ-controller. The main result is a performed comparative analysis of time and frequency domain properties of control systems. The results show the better performance of systems based on µ-controllers. Also the robust stability and robust performance are investigated. All three systems achieved robust stability which guarantees their workability, but only the system with µ-controller has robust performance against prescribed uncertainties. The control algorithms are implemented in specialized 32-bit microcontroller. A number of real world experiments have been executed, which confirm the quality of the electrohydraulic power steering control system.

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Coelho, Andre Luiz de Freitas, Daniel Marçal de Queiroz, Domingos Sárvio Magalhães Valente, and Francisco de Assis de Carvalho Pinto. "An open-source spatial analysis system for embedded systems." Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 154 (November 2018): 289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2018.09.019.

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7

Liu, Li Min. "A Survey for Concept of Embedded Systems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 63-64 (June 2011): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.63-64.73.

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Embedded systems are the most popular computer application systems. Their applications have changed life of people in the world. They can be found anywhere, and almost can be used in every field. But few people know the concept of an embedded system. In this paper, the concept and definition of embedded systems are discussed and analyzed. A considered concept of embedded system should include several factors, computer core, to build in, managed object and relevant software, despite to issue a consistent definition is difficult.

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Beretta, Ivan, Vincenzo Rana, David Atienza, and Donatella Sciuto. "Island-Based Adaptable Embedded System Design." IEEE Embedded Systems Letters 3, no. 2 (June 2011): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/les.2011.2115991.

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Pahikkala, Tapio, Antti Airola, Thomas Canhao Xu, Pasi Liljeberg, Hannu Tenhunen, and Tapio Salakoski. "Parallelized Online Regularized Least-Squares for Adaptive Embedded Systems." International Journal of Embedded and Real-Time Communication Systems 3, no. 2 (April 2012): 73–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jertcs.2012040104.

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The authors introduce a machine learning approach based on parallel online regularized least-squares learning algorithm for parallel embedded hardware platforms. The system is suitable for use in real-time adaptive systems. Firstly, the system can learn in online fashion, a property required in real-life applications of embedded machine learning systems. Secondly, to guarantee real-time response in embedded multi-core computer architectures, the learning system is parallelized and able to operate with a limited amount of computational and memory resources. Thirdly, the system can predict several labels simultaneously. The authors evaluate the performance of the algorithm from three different perspectives. The prediction performance is evaluated on a hand-written digit recognition task. The computational speed is measured from 1 thread to 4 threads, in a quad-core platform. As a promising unconventional multi-core architecture, Network-on-Chip platform is studied for the algorithm. The authors construct a NoC consisting of a 4x4 mesh. The machine learning algorithm is implemented in this platform with up to 16 threads. It is shown that the memory consumption and cache efficiency can be considerably improved by optimizing the cache behavior of the system. The authors’ results provide a guideline for designing future embedded multi-core machine learning devices.

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Zaharakis, I. D., A. D. Kameas, and P. E. Pintelas. "A hybrid expert system as an embedded module in tutoring systems." Digital Creativity 8, no. 2 (July 1997): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09579139708567075.

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11

Zou, Cun Ming. "Embedded Digital Control System of the Automatic Test System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 340 (July 2013): 461–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.340.461.

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This text has introduced a set of automatic test systems that designs for and a kind of embedded digital control system ' and demand to design a kind of indicative test to system testing It describe rules by language (this system from computer as controlling core ,interactive user interfaces good ,realized in protecting the real-time test of high speed under the mode.

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12

Syschikov, Alexey, Yuriy Sheynin, Boris Sedov, and Vera Ivanova. "Domain-Specific Programming Environment for Heterogeneous Multicore Embedded Systems." International Journal of Embedded and Real-Time Communication Systems 5, no. 4 (October 2014): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijertcs.2014100101.

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Nowadays embedded systems are used in a broad range of domains such as avionics, space, automotive, mobile, domestic appliances etc. Sophisticated software determines the quality of embedded systems and requires high-qualified experts for software development. Software becomes the main assert of embedded systems that is valuable to retain in changing computing platforms in embedded systems evolution. Computing platforms for embedded systems became multicore processors and SoC, they can change in the embedded system lifetime that could be long (dozen of years for an automobile and airplane). It requires software porting to new platforms as a regular process. Many tools and approaches allow developing of software for domain area experts, but mainly for general-purpose computing systems. In this paper the authors present the complex technology and tools that allows involving domain experts in software development for embedded systems. The proposed technology has various aspects and abilities that can be used to build verifiable and portable software for a wide range of embedded platforms.

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13

Son, Sung Hoon. "Design of Virtual Machine Monitor for Embedded Systems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 263-266 (December 2012): 1629–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.263-266.1629.

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Recently virtualization has been one of the most popular research topics in system software area. While there are many commercial virtualization products for general-purpose computer system, little efforts are made to virtualize embedded system. In this paper, we design and implement a virtual machine monitor which divides each physical hardware resource of an embedded system into logical ones and reorganizes them into many virtual machines so that several real-time operating systems run concurrently on a single embedded system. We measure various performance metrics of the virtual machine monitor developed on a real embedded system. The results of the measurement study show that our virtual machine monitor has enough potentiality of its application to real-world embedded systems.

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14

Ghenai, Afifa, and Mohamed Benmohammed. "Hybrid Simulation Based Approach for Embedded Systems Reliability Analysis." International Journal of Embedded and Real-Time Communication Systems 4, no. 4 (October 2013): 27–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijertcs.2013100102.

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This paper describes a reliability approach based on a coupling of discrete and continuous dynamics simulation of embedded systems. This hybrid simulation is a combination in the same formalism of the discrete simulation of an algorithm allowing the extraction of feared scenarios that lead an embedded system to a critical situation without generating the associated reachability graph in order to avoid the eternal combinative explosion problem, and, the continuous dynamics of the embedded system represented by a Java code. The simulation of discrete and continuous dynamics is coupled in object-oriented stopwatch Petri net models that allow the representation of the suspension and resumption of task execution.

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15

He, Guo Hao. "ARM-Based Embedded Visual Processing System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 220-223 (November 2012): 1973–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.220-223.1973.

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Embedded computer vision is a relatively new concept, it is only in the past few years that embedded devices have become fast enough and the component cost low enough that they can be used in small low power systems. In this paper, the design and development of a vision-based detection system with smart devices features is proposed. The main functionality of the equipment is introduced as well as the additional features it should provide to be integrated into a smart environment.

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16

NG, JIA HUI, CHAUR LIH TAN, and YA JUN HA. "AN EMBEDDED SYSTEM TO SUPPORT TELE-MEDICAL ACTIVITY." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 15, no. 02 (April 2005): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194005002269.

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Tele-medical systems have proven to be very useful to improve patient outcomes. However, they suffered from drawbacks such as insufficient functionality, prohibitive cost, the lack of connectivity and many other factors. To solve these problems, medical experts were consulted and an embedded tele-medical system was developed that allows a doctor to analyze and predict the ailment of a patient and direct the paramedic on the scene to perform potentially life-saving corrective actions or even promote recovery. The system would capture, process and interpret ECG data from the patient using the low cost hardware which was designed.

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17

DING, ZHONG-QIANG, KECK VOON LING, and KIAH MOK GOH. "THE RAPID DEVELOPMENT OF A CLOSED-LOOP CONTROL SYSTEM." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 15, no. 02 (April 2005): 325–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194005002105.

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In this paper, the methods to rapidly deploy closed-loop control systems are presented. A flexible real-time embedded platform based on reconfigurable computing technologies is established, on which control blocks consisting of optimized control algorithms are set up. By employing control blocks, a set of tools aiming to shorten the development cycle of embedded control systems are developed. Compare to conventional ways, the tools give controller developers much faster ways to construct required controllers with higher flexibility.

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18

Kanda, Wataru, Yu Murata, and Tatsuo Nakajima. "SIGMA System: A Multi-OS Environment for Embedded Systems." Journal of Signal Processing Systems 59, no. 1 (September 26, 2008): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11265-008-0272-9.

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19

Feng, A., M. Knieser, M. Rizkalla, B. King, P. Salama, and F. Bowen. "Embedded system for sensor communication and security." IET Information Security 6, no. 2 (2012): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-ifs.2010.0073.

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20

Du, Danbing. "Experimental Study on Neural Feedback in Embedded System Teaching Processing Based on ERP Signal Analysis." International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) 14, no. 12 (June 27, 2019): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v14i12.10715.

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Embedded system teaching is an indispensable part in the process of computer language learning. This paper analyzes the neural feedback of embedded system learners in learning embedded systems by observing the generation and fluctua-tion of EEG signals. The ERP signals of computer learners in learning embedded system are monitored by ERP technology. The results show that the embedded system leads to the changes in EEG of computer linguists, and the changes of EEG amplitudes caused by different embedded systems. Combined with previous studies, it is shown that the embedded system processing has different effects on neural feedback. The analysis of EEG signals provides some theoretical basis and new ideas for embedded system teaching.

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21

Rashid, Muhammad. "An undergraduate course on model‐based system engineering for embedded systems." Computer Applications in Engineering Education 28, no. 3 (March 29, 2020): 645–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cae.22233.

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22

HSIUNG, PAO-ANN, and HSIN-CHIEH KAO. "DEVICE-CENTRIC LOW-POWER SCHEDULING FOR REAL-TIME EMBEDDED SYSTEMS." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 15, no. 02 (April 2005): 461–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021819400500194x.

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Existing low power schedules mainly try to decrease overall system energy usage by shutting down unused devices after process scheduling. This often leads to suboptimal energy usage due to the lack of process slack time to shut down unused devices in a fixed system schedule such as that generated by a rate-monotonic or an earliest deadline first scheduler in a real-time embedded system. In this work, we try to integrate process scheduling with low power scheduling such that a low-power real-time feasible schedule is obtained. The proposed method called Low-Power Quasi-Dynamic Scheduling (LQS) was implemented and applied to some examples, including a sensor network node and Bluetooth devices, to prove its benefits.

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23

Fan, Yang-Hsin. "Multiple-Embedded-System Optimization Layout for Electromagnetic Wave Power Density in Complex Environments." Energies 13, no. 18 (September 12, 2020): 4758. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13184758.

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Many embedded systems are implemented for healthcare, and smart homes and spaces. These devices are generally designed for elderly care, for monitoring, surveillance, and collection information. As embedded systems are ubiquitous and pervasive in a smart home, office, or space, different layout affects not only reduce the implementation cost but also the power density of electromagnetic waves. This study aimed to develop a multiple-embedded-system optimization layout to consume less electromagnetic wave power density and gain better communication strength. For smart offices, we analyzed the layout topology of n-shaped and n-shaped with door layout categories. On the basis of the location of each embedded system in a communication center via an n-shaped layout, we investigated the electromagnetic wave effect to the local, direct, and semidirect effects. Indirect and subindirect effects were also studied in the n-shaped layout with a door. In addition, we derived a set of formulas from the scope for the diverse effects to help users to quickly identify the scope of each effect. To verify the multiple-embedded-system optimization layout, 16 cooperating embedded systems with four test cases in a smart office were used to evaluate the diverse effects of electromagnetic wave power density and communication strength. Experiment results showed that the optimization layout consumed 3950 × 10−6 W/m2 electromagnetic wave power density.

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24

Sarkar, Anandita, Chandreyee Chowdhury, and Sarmistha Neogy. "Reliability Modeling of Embedded Nodes in Real Time Wireless Systems." International Journal of Embedded and Real-Time Communication Systems 4, no. 3 (July 2013): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijertcs.2013070101.

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Nowadays there is an increasing trend of applying wireless technologies in industrial automation. However, the industrial control environment is harsher and noisier posing more stringent requirements on real-time communication. The variation in wireless signal strength with time and location, and power limitation due to battery usage make the problem even worse. Accordingly, availability and reliability of such system should be seriously analyzed before deployment. Modeling the reliability of these distributed real-time systems with nodes having embedded software has become an integral part of the design process. The time constraints that real-time systems must meet directly affect the reliability measure itself irrespective of the nature of the measure. A metric for calculating system reliability is proposed in this paper and a Monte Carlo simulation based algorithm for calculating the same is presented here. The results show that system reliability stabilizes with time even with increasing network size.

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25

Ishizumi, Noritaka, Keizo Saisho, and Akira Fukuda. "A design of flash memory file system for embedded systems." Systems and Computers in Japan 35, no. 1 (2003): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/scj.1227.

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26

Chu, I.-Hsien, Minlan Duan, and Shivakumar Sastry. "Contour Guided Dissemination for Networked Embedded Systems." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 5, no. 5 (October 1, 2009): 502–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15501320701863445.

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Networked Embedded Systems have come to occupy an important role in emerging applications. Nodes in such a system are interconnected by a mesh topology. Despite the availability of multiple shortest paths between pairs of nodes, simulation results revealed that these paths cannot be effectively exploited by spreading the messages over the paths in a uniform method. We define the union of all the shortest paths between a pair of nodes as a contour. We present results that characterize the structure of contours when each node communicates directly with eight immediate neighbors. Heuristic rules that effectively disseminate messages over the available paths are presented. Simulation results demonstrate that the new method for dissemination ensures that nodes in a contour, which are at the same distance from the source, handle roughly the same number of messages. In the future, such techniques can be extended to general topologies.

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Lopez-Garcia, Mariano, Rafael Ramos-Lara, Oscar Miguel-Hurtado, and Enrique Canto-Navarro. "Embedded System for Biometric Online Signature Verification." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 10, no. 1 (February 2014): 491–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tii.2013.2269031.

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28

Attarzadeh-Niaki, Seyed-Hosein, and Ingo Sander. "Heterogeneous co-simulation for embedded and cyber-physical systems design." SIMULATION 96, no. 9 (June 1, 2020): 753–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0037549720921945.

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The growing complexity of embedded and cyber-physical systems makes the design of all system components from scratch increasingly impractical. Consequently, already from early stages of a design flow, designers rely on prior experience, which comes in the form of legacy code or third-party intellectual property (IP) blocks. Current approaches partly address the co-simulation problem for specific scenarios in an ad hoc style. This work suggests a general method for co-simulation of heterogeneous IPs with a system modeling and simulation framework. The external IPs can be integrated as high-level models running in an external simulator or as software- and hardware-in-the-loop simulation with minimal effort. Examples of co-simulation scenarios for wrapping models with different semantics are presented together with their practical usage in two case studies. The presented method is also used to formulate a refinement-by-replacement workflow for IP-based system design.

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29

Diao, Xunxing, Haiying Zhou, Kun-Mean Hou, and Jian-Jin Li. "An Embedded System Dedicated to Intervehicle Communication Applications." EURASIP Journal on Embedded Systems 2010 (2010): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/601343.

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30

Crespo, Alfons, Ismael Ripoll, Michael González-Harbour, and Giuseppe Lipari. "Operating System Support for Embedded Real-Time Applications." EURASIP Journal on Embedded Systems 2008, no. 1 (2008): 502768. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/502768.

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31

S, Santhosh M., and Nagaraja G. S. "A Survey on Different Real Time Operating Systems." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 10, no. 5 (June 30, 2021): 221–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.e2762.0610521.

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To minimise development costs and enhance dependability, modern embedded system development is increasingly emphasising on software modularity and reuse. Microcontrollers are extensively employed in embedded applications that have a very specific and specialised job to complete. The embedded applications are always resource constraint which requires efficient utilization of available resources. A Real Time Operating System (RTOS) is frequently used in this context to plan task execution as well as enable intertask communication and synchronisation. This paper provides the survey of different RTOS available in market and their applications. Several open source RTOS such as Free RTOS, VxWorks, SmallRTOS and TinyOS are compared with respect to the scheduling algorithms used.

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32

Fleury, M., A. C. Downton, A. F. Clark, and H. P. Sava. "Design of a clock synchronisation sub-system for parallel embedded systems." IEE Proceedings - Computers and Digital Techniques 144, no. 2 (1997): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-cdt:19971155.

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33

Sahaida, P. I., and A. A. Zori. "Modular structurally-algorithmic organization of computer intelligent data processing systems with embedded system elements." Scientific papers of Donetsk National Technical University”. Series: “Computer engineering and automation 1, no. 31 (2018): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31474/2075-4272-2018-1-31-41-52.

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34

Dekkiche, Djamila, Bastien Vincke, and Alain Merigot. "Targeting System-Level and Kernel-Level Optimizations of Computer Vision Applications on Embedded Systems." Journal of Low Power Electronics 13, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 607–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jolpe.2017.1510.

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35

Anirudh, VJST, and M. Kiran Kumar. "A Conceptual Study on Fundamentals and Characteristics of Embedded Systems." International Journal of Engineering Technology and Management Sciences 4, no. 4 (July 28, 2020): 23–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.46647/ijetms.2020.v04i04.004.

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An embedded system is an electronic/electro-mechanical system designed to perform a specific function and is a combination of firmware and hardware. A complete system on a chip is called an embedded system. It is a special purpose system in which the computer is encapsulated on a single chip which performs a specific task. Every system is unique and the hardware as well as the firmware is inevitable part of any product or equipment in all the fields including household appliances, telecommunications, medical equipment, consumer products etc. This paper highlights the fundamental concepts and characteristics of ES. Keywords: Embedded Systems.

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YEARY, M., J. SWEENEY, B. SWAN, and C. CULP. "A LOW-COST EMBEDDED SYSTEM FOR INTERNET BASED POWER MEASUREMENT." International Journal of Information Technology & Decision Making 02, no. 04 (December 2003): 669–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219622003000811.

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This paper introduces a low-cost (i.e. economically competitive, yet functionally robust) embedded system known as the InterDAQ (i.e. Internet Data AcQuisition). The current energy savings technology relies on conventional data logging systems, in which two major barriers exist. Foremost is the fact that retrieving the energy data is not convenient, and the cost of the data logging equipment is high. The interdisciplinary solution presented here to accomplish these goals is to include a miniature web server in a remote-logging module, which we designed as part of our device, thus allowing data to be accessed more frequently, via the Internet. To illustrate a state-of-the-art application in which remote, low-cost monitoring is needed, it is worth mentioning that distributed power generation is gaining national and international attention.1–3 The main energy source of distributed power is derived from a fuel cell, a micro-turbine, or a photo-voltaic cell. Distributed power systems offer a potential increase in efficiency by localizing power generation and eliminating the need for transmission.1 Distributed power also offers increased reliability, uninterruptible service, and energy cost savings.2If an energy savings program is to be implemented, then a low-cost energy monitoring strategy is paramount. Our Internet appliance provides such a solution, and this paper summarizes our implementation details and provides a computer screen-capture of the data posted on the Web.

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37

Din, Sadia, Anand Paul, and Awais Ahmad. "Smart embedded system based on demosaicking for enhancement of surveillance systems." Computers & Electrical Engineering 86 (September 2020): 106731. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compeleceng.2020.106731.

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38

Ji, Jian Hua. "Optimization Analysis of XML Embedded System Based on J2ME Platform." Applied Mechanics and Materials 427-429 (September 2013): 2099–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.427-429.2099.

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In the 21st century, with the rapid development of computer science and technology, the usage of all kinds of embedded system is increasingly common. The function of the embedded system is more and more strong, and there has many kinds of embedded systems, the range of application is gradually expanded. With the requirements of application, embedded system experienced the changes from single application system to integrated system. However, because the current integrated systems mostly are limited to the stand-alone usage, this does not give full play to the application and function of the embedded system. The paper was based on the limitations of XML embedded system of the J2ME platform, and it provided optimization design to current limitations, at the same time it made the application and function get the promotion.

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Chen, Chen. "Teaching Reform and Innovation of Embedded System Development in the Context of Artificial Intelligence." Region - Educational Research and Reviews 2, no. 2 (June 9, 2020): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32629/rerr.v2i2.95.

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Embedded system is a special computer application system embedded in the object system. It is a combination of software and hardware. After decades of development, embedded systems have gradually entered many important industries such as industrial production, military, aerospace, transportation, wireless communications, and consumer electronics products, and their applications are extensive. The diversity of embedded systems has driven the rapid development of the embedded product market. In this paper, we analyze the teaching reform of embedded system development from the perspective of artificial intelligence. The sample models are integrated to help understand the proposed methodology. The numerical analysis proves the novelty.

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40

Garg, Mohit, and Richard Lai. "A Method for Measuring the Constraint Complexity of Components in Automotive Embedded Software Systems." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 29, no. 01 (January 2019): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194019500013.

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The rapid growth of software-based functionalities has made automotive Electronic Control Units (ECUs) significantly complex. Factors affecting the software complexity of components embedded in an ECU depend not only on their interface and interaction properties, but also on the structural constraints characterized by a component’s functional semantics and timing constraints described by AUTomotive Open System ARchitecture (AUTOSAR) languages. Traditional constraint complexity measures are not adequate for the components in embedded software systems as they do not yet sufficiently provide a measure of the complexity due to timing constraints which are important for quantifying the dynamic behavior of components at run-time. This paper presents a method for measuring the constraint complexity of components in automotive embedded software systems at the specification level. It first enables system designers to define non-deterministic constraints on the event chains associated with components using the AUTOSAR-based Modeling and Analysis of Real-Time and Embedded systems (MARTE)-UML and Timing Augmented Description Language (TADL). Then, system analysts use Unified Modeling Language (UML)-compliant Object Constraint Language (OCL) and its Real-time extension (RT-OCL) to specify the structural and timing constraints on events and event chains and estimate the constraint complexity of components using a measure we have developed. A preliminary version of the method was presented in M. Garg and R. Lai, Measuring the constraint complexity of automotive embedded software systems, in Proc. Int. Conf. Data and Software Engineering, 2014, pp. 1–6. To demonstrate the usefulness of our method, we have applied it to an automotive Anti-lock Brake System (ABS).

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YIMING, ALIMUJIANG, and TOSHIO EISAKA. "A SWITCHED ETHERNET PROTOCOL FOR HARD REAL-TIME EMBEDDED SYSTEM APPLICATIONS." Journal of Interconnection Networks 06, no. 03 (September 2005): 345–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219265905001460.

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This paper presents a protocol to support hard real-time traffic of end-to-end communication over non real-time LAN technology. The network is set up with nodes and switches, and real-time communication is handled by software (protocol) added between the Ethernet protocols and the TCP/IP suite. The proposed protocol establishes a virtual circuit based on admission control and manages hard real-time traffic to bypass the TCP/IP stack. This makes considerably reduce the dwell time in the nodes, and increase the achievable data frame rate. After the bypassing, traffic schedule is performed according to dynamic-priority EDF algorithm. The work does not need any modifications in the Ethernet hardware and coexists with TCP/IP suites, and then the LAN with the protocol can be connected to any existing Ethernet networks. It can be adopted in industrial hard real-time applications such as embedded systems, distributed control systems, parallel signal processing and robotics. We have performed some experiments to evaluate the protocol. Compared to some conventional hard real-time network protocols, the proposed one has better real-time performances and meets the requirements of reliability for hard real-time systems.

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Shanthaveeraiah, Harsha S., and R. Balasubramani. "Optimal Power Management System in Embedded Devices by using Novel Scheduling Algorithm." International Journal of Embedded and Real-Time Communication Systems 11, no. 1 (January 2020): 41–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijertcs.2020010103.

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Recently, Android is being integrated and applied to various embedded systems because of good characteristics like open source, a wide connective range, multitasking, and secure communications. Most of the modern embedded designers have been focused on system performance while reducing operating power consumption. However, increasing the performance level inevitably increases power consumption. In this article, an optimal power management (OPM) system is proposed for embedded systems using a novel scheduling algorithm. It can control the operating power consumption of open source platforms (Raspberry-PI, Parallella, and Arduino) supported hardware devices (ZynqBerry, ZynqParallela, and ArduZynq). The proposed OPM system uses the scheduling algorithm based on the functionality of optimization and their tasks. Moreover, the proposed OPM system provides the low or high frequency to the devices upon receiving the low frequency and high frequency request from the devices. The simulation result is calculated in terms power consumption, maximum operating frequency and hardware utilization.

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Chalimbaud, Pierre, and François Berry. "Embedded Active Vision System Based on an FPGA Architecture." EURASIP Journal on Embedded Systems 2007 (2007): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/35010.

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LEE, CHA KUN, and PAUL I. BARTON. "GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION OF LINEAR HYBRID SYSTEMS WITH VARYING TIME EVENTS." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 15, no. 02 (April 2005): 467–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194005001938.

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Dynamic optimization problems with linear hybrid (discrete/continuous) systems embedded whose transition times vary are inherently nonconvex. For a wide variety of applications, a certificate of global optimality is essential, but this cannot be obtained using conventional numerical methods. We present a deterministic framework for the solution of such problems in the continuous time domain. First, the control parametrization enhancing transform is used to transform the embedded dynamic system from a linear hybrid system with scaled discontinuities and varying transition times into a nonlinear hybrid system with stationary discontinuities and fixed transition times. Next, a recently developed convexity theory is applied to construct a convex relaxation of the original nonconvex problem. This allows the problem to be solved in a branch-and-bound framework that can guarantee the global solution within epsilon optimality in a finite number of iterations.

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Shin, Youngsoo, Kiyoung Choi, and Takayasu Sakurai. "Power-conscious Scheduling for Real-time Embedded Systems Design." VLSI Design 12, no. 2 (January 1, 2001): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2001/23925.

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Power efficient design of real-time embedded systems based on programmable processors becomes more important as system functionality is increasingly realized through software. We address a power optimization method for real-time embedded applications on a variable speed processor. The method combines off-line and on-line components. The off-line component determines the lowest possible maximum processor speed while guaranteeing deadlines of all tasks. The on-line component dynamically varies the processor speed or bring a processor into a power-down mode to exploit execution time variations and idle intervals. Experimental results show that the proposed method obtains a significant power reduction across several kinds of applications.

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Smith, Michael, James Miller, and Steve Daeninck. "A Test-oriented Embedded System Production Methodology." Journal of Signal Processing Systems 56, no. 1 (September 23, 2008): 69–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11265-008-0266-7.

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Li, Wu Jeng, Shu Chu Tung, and Shih Miao Huang. "Web-Based Supervisory Control System Based on Raspberry Pi." Applied Mechanics and Materials 764-765 (May 2015): 640–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.764-765.640.

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This research designs a web-based supervisory control system based on Raspberry Pi. The system consists of one Raspberry Pi single-board computer and multiple data acquisition modules. The sensing and driving of the system are completed by reading/writing those data modules through RS485 interface by Modbus RTU protocol. Embedded database is used to store input/output data. Embedded web server provides interface for remote monitoring and control. The system was applied to environment control for computer room. It monitors air-conditioning systems, room temperature and humidity, fire alarm systems, uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems, electricity supply systems and door access control systems. If something happens, it can drive buzzer, alarm, voice dialing, or air conditioning. The focus of this paper is using software to integrate hardware available in the market to form a low cost reliable supervisory control system.

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Li, Yao Qiu, and Rui Wang. "Valve Control System of Oil Depot Based on AnyCAN5000." Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (October 2011): 260–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.260.

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With application of the embedded microcontroller technology into the valve control, the valve control system of oil depot is designed on the basis of embedded microcontroller AnyCAN5000. The system constitutes of host computer and slave computer, giving designs of hardware and software systems, which is characterized by low cost and high reliability, and with application of the technology in practice the valve control system can bring good effect and meet needs of control.

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Zhang, Meiyu, Qianying Zhang, Shijun Zhao, Zhiping Shi, and Yong Guan. "SoftME: A Software-Based Memory Protection Approach for TEE System to Resist Physical Attacks." Security and Communication Networks 2019 (March 4, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8690853.

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The development of the Internet of Things has made embedded devices widely used. Embedded devices are often used to process sensitive data, making them the target of attackers. ARM TrustZone technology is used to protect embedded device data from compromised operating systems and applications. But as the value of the data stored in embedded devices increases, more and more effective physical attacks have emerged. However, TrustZone cannot resist physical attacks. We propose SoftME, an approach that utilizes the on-chip memory space to provide a trusted execution environment for sensitive applications. We protect the confidentiality and integrity of the data stored on the off-chip memory. In addition, we design task scheduling in the encryption process. We implement a prototype system of our approach on the development board supporting TrustZone and evaluate the overhead of our approach. The experimental results show that our approach improves the security of the system, and there is no significant increase in system overhead.

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Daud, Shuhaizar, R. Badlishah Ahmad, and Nukala S. Murthy. "The effects of compiler optimisations on embedded system power consumption." International Journal of Information and Communication Technology 2, no. 1/2 (2009): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijict.2009.026431.

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