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Journal articles on the topic 'Embedded Microcontroller Systems'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Kelemen, Michal, Erik Prada, Tatiana Kelemenova, Lubica Miková, Ivan Virgala, and Tomáš Lipták. "Embedded Systems via Using Microcontroller." Applied Mechanics and Materials 816 (November 2015): 248–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.816.248.

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Paper deals with microcontrollers which are embedded inside the mechatronic products. Main purpose is to obtain intelligent behavior of products and adding of new functions to products. Paper shows steps to data capturing into microcontroller for data processing and using as feedback control of processes around the products.

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Kelemen, Michal, Ľubica Miková, Darina Hroncová, Filip Filakovský, and Peter Ján Sinčák. "EMBEDDED SYSTEMS – CONTROL OF POWER SUBSYSTEMS." Acta Mechatronica 5, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22306/am.v5i2.64.

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The main role of embedded system is to control the product behaviour or control of outside world. Microcontroller as embedded system obtains information through the sensors and makes adequate impact to outside world after sensor data processing. The microcontroller impact is realized through the actuators which convert the electrical energy (or different type of energy) to mechanical work. These processes are executed because of fulfil customer requirements. Microcontrollers as signal controllers work only with low power signals. This paper discusses the possibilities and application of controlling the power subsystems via using the embedded systems.

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3

Bengtsson, Lars E. "Analysis of Direct Sensor-to-Embedded Systems Interfacing." International Journal of Intelligent Mechatronics and Robotics 2, no. 1 (January 2012): 41–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijimr.2012010103.

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This paper is concerned with the direct interfacing of resistive sensors to different embedded targets. The author uses the idea of “direct sensor-to-microcontroller” technique where analog sensors are interfaced directly to inherently digital controllers and we compare the performance of this technique when applied to a typical microcontroller (PIC18), a CPLD and an FPGA. Experimental results show that 5 V systems, like the PIC18 controller, have an advantage over 3.3 V systems in terms of better precision performance, while the CPLD outperforms both the microcontroller and the FPGA in terms of accuracy. The accuracy depends mainly on the output impedance of the system’s I/O ports and the precision depends mainly on trigger level noise. The PIC18 controller also has the best performance in terms of linearity and sensitivity. A lot of works have been published concerning direct interfacing to microcontrollers, but little attention has been paid to alternative targets like CPLD and FPGA. This work will benchmark these different kinds of targets and prove that the direct interfacing technique can also be applied to CPLDs and FPGAs.

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4

Bilenko, Volodymyr, and Valerii Hlukhov. "Implementation Kalyna Algorithm in Microcontroller." Advances in Cyber-Physical Systems 6, no. 1 (January 23, 2021): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/acps2021.01.008.

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The information security is playing an increasingly important role nowadays. Therefore, virus can be transmitted through the information in encrypted form. This is also applied to embedded systems. In this regard, the article is assigned to the topic of cryptocurrency protection in embedded systems using the national Ukrainian standard Kalyna. To further explore the topic, this algorithm was implemented on a microcontroller to test the performance, convenience and prospects for usage in embedded systems.

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5

Madisetti, V. K., and T. W. Egolf. "Virtual prototyping of embedded microcontroller-based DSP systems." IEEE Micro 15, no. 5 (1995): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/40.464577.

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6

Hayslip, Nunzio, Shivakumar Sastry, and Jon S. Gerhardt. "Networked embedded automation." Assembly Automation 26, no. 3 (July 1, 2006): 235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01445150610679786.

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PurposeThe aim of this research is to investigate whether a collection of tiny, resource constrained, microcontrollers that communicate with each other over wireless links can perform rigorous automation tasks.Design/methodology/approachWe identify three building blocks that are necessary to obtain large conveyor systems. The operation of each building block is regulated by a local microcontroller and the microcontrollers interact via wireless links to coordinate the operations across blocks. We define the actions necessary in each block and discuss two example applications for this method.FindingsIt is necessary to fundamentally revisit how automation applications are engineered to get the benefits of new technologies. We show that the three blocks that we call segment, turnaround and crossover are sufficient to obtain a large variety of conveyor systems. By embedding the blocks in a grid, we can simplify the design of the conveyor systems.Research limitations/implicationsExtensions of this research to identify a set of building blocks for discrete automation applications and motion control applications could provide new insights, architectures and methods for future automation systems.Practical implicationsWhen fully realized, this approach can save engineering costs, commissioning costs and provide new approaches for managing faults in automation systems.Originality/valueThe three building blocks for conveyor systems and the method of programming the blocks that allows the blocks to be configured in a variety of ways to realize conveyor systems for many applications.

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7

Salah, Wael A., and Basem Abu Zneid. "Evolution of Microcontroller-based Remote Monitoring System Applications." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 9, no. 4 (August 1, 2019): 2354. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v9i4.pp2354-2364.

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<p>This study reviews the evolution of smart applications of microcontroller-based wireless/wired remote monitoring systems. Rapid developments in science and technology offer the advantages of using integrated embedded chips, microprocessors, and microcontrollers. The use of microcontrollers in industrial processes, such as automobiles, aeronautics, space, robotics, electronics, defense applications, mobile communications, rail transport, and medical applications, is rapidly increasing. This study aims to review the progress of microcomputers in smart remote monitoring and controlling applications for the control and management of different systems using wireless/wired techniques</p>

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8

Jammalamadaka, Sastry Kodanda Rama, Valluru Sai Kumar Reddy, and Smt J Sasi Bhanu. "Networking Heterogeneous Microcontroller based Systems through Universal Serial Bus." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 5, no. 5 (October 1, 2015): 992. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v5i5.pp992-1002.

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Networking heterogeneous embedded systems is a challenge. Every distributed embedded systems requires that the network is designed specifically considering the heterogeneity that exits among different Microcontroller based systems that are used in developing a distributed embedded system. Communication architecture, which considers the addressing of the individual systems, arbitration, synchronisation, error detection and control etc., needs to be designed considering a specific application. The issue of configuring the slaves has to be addressed. It is also important that the messages, flow of the messages across the individual ES systems must be designed. Every distributed embedded system is different and needs to be dealt with separately. This paper presents an approach that addresses various issues related to networking distributed embedded systems through use of universal serial bus communication protocol (USB). The approach has been applied to design a distributed embedded that monitors and controls temperatures within a Nuclear reactor system.

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9

Kelemen, Michal, Tatiana Kelemenová, Ivan Virgala, Ľubica Miková, and Tomáš Lipták. "Rapid Control Prototyping of Embedded Systems Based on Microcontroller." Procedia Engineering 96 (2014): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.12.146.

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10

Wu, Zhenyu, Kai Qiu, and Jianguo Zhang. "A Smart Microcontroller Architecture for the Internet of Things." Sensors 20, no. 7 (March 25, 2020): 1821. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20071821.

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The interoperations of endpoint devices are generally achieved by gateways in Internet of Things (IoT) systems. However, the gateways mainly focus on networking communication, which is lack of data logic control capabilities. The microcontrollers with embedded intelligence could work as an intermediate device to help the interconnections of the endpoint devices. Moreover, they could help control the endpoint devices. In this paper, a microcontroller architecture with intelligent and scalable characteristics is proposed. The intelligence means that the microcontroller could control the target endpoint devices by its logical circuits, and the scalability means that the microcontroller architecture could be easily extended to deal with more complex problems. Two real world industrial implementations of the proposed architecture are introduced. The implementations show that the microcontroller is important to provide the intelligent services to users in IoT systems. Furthermore, a simulation experiment based on the cloud model is designed to evaluate the proposed method. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed architecture.

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11

Huang, Song Lin, and Jian Zhong Cui. "The Design of Embedded Ethernet System Based Microcontroller." Advanced Materials Research 1046 (October 2014): 352–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1046.352.

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With the wide application of Internet technology, the embedded system is becoming more and more to develop in the direction of the network. The combination of embedded devices and the Internet represents the future direction of development of embedded systems. In this paper, a microprocessor-based embedded Ethernet solution was presented. The collaborative software and hardware design thought was used in system. TheμC /OS-II operating system, joined the TCP/IP protocol stack, was transplanted to the embedded Ethernet platform. The test results proved that the embedded Ethernet system network communication is stable and reliable.

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12

Saponara, Sergio, Luca Fanucci, and Pierangelo Terreni. "Architectural-Level Power Optimization of Microcontroller Cores in Embedded Systems." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 54, no. 1 (February 2007): 680–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2006.885450.

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13

Barrett, Steven F. "Embedded Systems Design with the Atmel AVR Microcontroller: Part I." Synthesis Lectures on Digital Circuits and Systems 4, no. 1 (January 2009): 1–182. http://dx.doi.org/10.2200/s00138ed1v01y200910dcs024.

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14

Barrett, Steven F. "Embedded Systems Design with the Atmel AVR Microcontroller: Part II." Synthesis Lectures on Digital Circuits and Systems 4, no. 1 (January 2009): 1–176. http://dx.doi.org/10.2200/s00225ed1v01y200910dcs025.

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15

GC, Chetan, Anuj M R, Anusha GN, M. Venkat Anil Kumar, and Asha K. "Applications of Advance Risk Machine Microcontroller in Embedded Systems Design." Journal of Information Technology and Sciences 7, no. 1 (April 28, 2021): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.46610/joits.2021.v07i01.006.

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16

Wu, Hong, Tao Han, and Can Wang. "Storage Test Techniques and Wireless Transmission Based on Embedded System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 128-129 (October 2011): 1020–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.128-129.1020.

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Memory test technology is the most effective means to record the parameters of moving objects under special circumstances. This paper introduced the development of storage test systems based on ARM7LPC21XX. PHILIPS chip 16/32-bit microcontroller-LPC21XX was a 16/32-bit ARM7 TDMI-S CPU microcontroller based on a real-time emulation and embedded trace. It had two powers-saving modes-power down and idles, which could ensure the battery to work for a long time. The microcontroller internal 10-bit AD was used to sample data as well as SPI and NRF24L01 modules to realize communication.

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17

Baans, Omar Salem, and Asral Bahari Jambek. "Implementation of an ARM-based system using a Xilinx ZYNQ SoC." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 13, no. 2 (February 1, 2019): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v13.i2.pp485-491.

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<span>ARM processors are widely used in embedded systems. They are often implemented as microcontrollers, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) or systems-on-chip. In this paper, a variety of ARM processor platform implementations are reviewed, such as implementation into a microcontroller, a system-on-chip and a hybrid ARM-FPGA platform. Furthermore, the implementation of a specific ARM processor, the Cortex-A9 processor, into a system-on-chip (SoC) on an FPGA is discussed using Xilinx’s Vivado and SDK software system and execution on a Xilinx Zynq Board.</span>

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18

Li, Yao Qiu, and Rui Wang. "Valve Control System of Oil Depot Based on AnyCAN5000." Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (October 2011): 260–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.260.

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With application of the embedded microcontroller technology into the valve control, the valve control system of oil depot is designed on the basis of embedded microcontroller AnyCAN5000. The system constitutes of host computer and slave computer, giving designs of hardware and software systems, which is characterized by low cost and high reliability, and with application of the technology in practice the valve control system can bring good effect and meet needs of control.

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19

Li, Xin Li. "Implementation of USB in Embedded Systems Based on ARM Microprocessor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 596 (July 2014): 883–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.596.883.

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S3C4510B is a cost-effective 16/32 bit RISC microcontroller based on Ethernet application system, and ISP1161 is a chip which is designed to implement USB protocol in an embedded system. Here, we design and implement embedded systems USB with ISP1161 chip based on ARM microprocessor S3C4510B. This paper describes the basic working principle of ISP1161 chip and hardware design of the system, and presents the software implementation process of USB in embedded systems.

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20

Oprzędkiewicz, Krzysztof, Maciej Rosół, and Jakub Żegleń-Włodarczyk. "The Microcontroller Implementation of the Basic Fractional-Order Element." Pomiary Automatyka Robotyka 24, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14313/par_238/19.

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The paper presents the implementation of the basic fractional order element sγ on the STM32 microcontroller platform. The implementation employs the typical CFE and FOBD approximations, the accuracy of approximation as well as duration of calculations are experimentally tested. Microcontroller implementation of fractional order elements is known; however, real-time tests of such implementations have been not presented yet. Results of experiments show that both methods can be implemented at the considered platform. The FOBD approximation is more accurate, but the CFE one is faster. The presented experimental results prove that the STM32F7 family processor could be used to develop the embedded fractional-order control systems for a broad class of linear and nonlinear dynamic systems. This is crucial during the implementation of the fractional-order control in the hard real-time or embedded systems.

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21

Gali, Saiteja. "Drone Detection and Auto Destroy System." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 30, 2021): 4274–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35795.

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The purpose of this project is to design and construct automatic drone detection and destroying system using embedded systems. This system is designed to detect the target (drone) moving in multiple directions. The target destroying system moves automatically in the direction of drone and fires it upon fixing the target. In this project we are making use of infrared sensor based radar system and a dc motor driven laser firing unit interfaced with a microcontroller based control unit. Embedded C programming is used for Microcontroller.

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22

Bannatyne, R., D. Gifford, K. Klein, K. McCarville, C. Merritt, and S. Neddermeyer. "Creation of an ARM® Cortex®-M0 microcontroller for high temperature embedded systems." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2017, HiTEN (July 1, 2017): 000031–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2380-4491.2017.hiten.31.

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Abstract This paper will describe the development and testing of a new ARM© Cortex©-M based microcontroller for high temperature electronic systems. High temperature and electrical overstresses can cause latch-up in CMOS devices that will interfere with normal device operation or destroy the device. For reliable operation in the downhole drilling environment it was necessary to immunize this device against latch-up using an innovation processing technique. HARDSIL® technology that allows reliable latch-up free operation at extreme temperatures will be described. Details on the qualification and testing of the product to ensure that it meets the challenging environment will also be discussed. This includes electrical testing and temperature cycling testing to ensure that the different package options for the silicon device are mechanically sound in a high temperature environment that exposes the silicon and packaging materials to thermal cycling. The ecosystem for the microcontroller will also be discussed – hardware and software development tools are required to optimize the use of the device in extreme temperature embedded systems. An ecosystem of components is also required to operate with the microcontroller in the high temperature harsh environment.

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23

Boitsov, G. V., A. V. Petrov, and V. G. Sharov. "AUTOMATIC IMPLEMENTATION GENERATION OF INTERACTION PROTOCOLS FOR DEVICES IN EMBEDDED MICROCONTROLLER SYSTEMS." Cherepovets State University Bulletin 4, no. 85 (2018): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.23859/1994-0637-2018-4-85-2.

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24

Khalil, Mazin R., Laith A. Mohammed, and Omar N. Yousif. "Customer application protocol for data transfer between embedded processor and microcontroller systems." TELKOMNIKA (Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control) 19, no. 3 (June 1, 2021): 801. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/telkomnika.v19i3.18764.

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25

Wu, Mao Sheng, Xi Meng Wu, and Wen Juan Liu. "Application of the Serial Port in Experiment Teaching and Development of Embedded Products." Advanced Materials Research 271-273 (July 2011): 1884–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.271-273.1884.

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Because of its advantages of small size, light weight, powerful etc., the single chip microcomputer(sometimes called “SCM”, ”microcontroller”, or ”MCU”) has a very wide range of applications in information appliances, instruments and meter, industrial control, medical apparatus and communication systems. The serial port is one of the most important resources in the microcontroller and has a very important role in the embedded application system. Some application skills of the serial port in experimental teaching and development of embedded products are discussed in this paper, such as the serial port application in program debugging during experiment teaching, multiple serial port expansion technology and implementation method of USB interface during development of embedded application system.

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26

Glas, Benjamin, Oliver Sander, Vitali Stuckert, Klaus D. Müller-Glaser, and Jürgen Becker. "Prime Field ECDSA Signature Processing for Reconfigurable Embedded Systems." International Journal of Reconfigurable Computing 2011 (2011): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/836460.

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Growing ubiquity and safety relevance of embedded systems strengthen the need to protect their functionality against malicious attacks. Communication and system authentication by digital signature schemes is a major issue in securing such systems. This contribution presents a complete ECDSA signature processing system over prime fields for bit lengths of up to 256 on reconfigurable hardware. By using dedicated hardware implementation, the performance can be improved by up to two orders of magnitude compared to microcontroller implementations. The flexible system is tailored to serve as an autonomous subsystem providing authentication transparent for any application. Integration into a vehicle-to-vehicle communication system is shown as an application example.

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27

Adam, George K., Nikos Petrellis, Panagiotis A. Kontaxis, and Tilemachos Stylianos. "COTS-Based Real-Time System Development: An Effective Application in Pump Motor Control." Computers 9, no. 4 (December 5, 2020): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computers9040097.

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The progress of embedded control systems in the last several years has made possible the realization of highly-effective controllers in many domains. It is essential for such systems to provide effective performance at an affordable cost. Furthermore, real-time embedded control systems must have low energy consumption, as well as be reliable and timely. This research investigates primarily the feasibility of implementing an embedded real-time control system, based on a low-cost, commercially off-the-shelf (COTS) microcontroller platform. It explores real-time issues, such as the reliability and timely response, of such a system implementation. This work presents the development and performance evaluation of a novel real-time control architecture, based upon a BeagleBoard microcontroller, and applied into the PWM (pulse width modulation) control of a three-phase induction motor in a suction pump. The approach followed makes minimal use of general-purpose hardware (BeagleBone Black microcontroller board) and open-source software components (including Linux Operating System with PREEMPT_RT real-time support) for building a reliable real-time control system. The applicability of the proposed control system architecture is validated and evaluated in a real case study in manufacturing. The results provide sufficient evidence of the efficiency and reliability of the proposed approach into the development of a real-time control system based upon COTS components.

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28

Rath, A. K., and P. K. Meher. "Design of a Merged DSP Microcontroller for Embedded Systems using Discrete Orthogonal Transform." Journal of Computer Science 2, no. 5 (May 1, 2006): 388–294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/jcssp.2006.388.394.

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29

Rozov, A. S., and V. E. Zyubin. "Adaptation of the Process-Oriented Approach to the Development of Embedded Microcontroller Systems." Optoelectronics, Instrumentation and Data Processing 55, no. 2 (March 2019): 198–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s8756699019020122.

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30

Gomez, Edwar Jacinto, Caterinne Perilla Gutierrez, and Lina Uyasaba Murillo. "Hardware based cryptography: technological advances for applications in Colombia using embedded systems." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 508. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i1.pp508-517.

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To have totally independent systems that offer a sufficient security scheme has become a necessity in Colombia, this because of the proliferation of IoT type systems and similar; In general, it is required to make stand-alone systems totally independent and distributed to offer users a solution to this need, this work offers the analysis and comparison of two security schemes type digital signature and/or hardware security module (HSM) and its variations, made on embedded platforms type microcontroller software, which shows the strategy to provide information protection, In addition, it is analyzed how each implementation was executed, in which devices and metrics of interest, in the first application the cryptography schemes were made using a deep programming that describes the algorithms in C++ language and in the second implementation the use of the dedicated hardware that the embedded platform type microcontroller had is detailed; In both cases, solutions with an acceptable throughput were generated, allowing to obtain comparable solutions and the same style as those made in a PC or similar hardware. On the other hand, an exhaustive review of this type of solutions in the country-region was made, in order to have a reference as to the possible use of this type of applications.

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31

Alessandrini, Michele, Giorgio Biagetti, Paolo Crippa, Laura Falaschetti, Lorenzo Manoni, and Claudio Turchetti. "Singular Value Decomposition in Embedded Systems Based on ARM Cortex-M Architecture." Electronics 10, no. 1 (December 28, 2020): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10010034.

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Singular value decomposition (SVD) is a central mathematical tool for several emerging applications in embedded systems, such as multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, data analytics, sparse representation of signals. Since SVD algorithms reduce to solve an eigenvalue problem, that is computationally expensive, both specific hardware solutions and parallel implementations have been proposed to overcome this bottleneck. However, as those solutions require additional hardware resources that are not in general available in embedded systems, optimized algorithms are demanded in this context. The aim of this paper is to present an efficient implementation of the SVD algorithm on ARM Cortex-M. To this end, we proceed to (i) present a comprehensive treatment of the most common algorithms for SVD, providing a fairly complete and deep overview of these algorithms, with a common notation, (ii) implement them on an ARM Cortex-M4F microcontroller, in order to develop a library suitable for embedded systems without an operating system, (iii) find, through a comparative study of the proposed SVD algorithms, the best implementation suitable for a low-resource bare-metal embedded system, (iv) show a practical application to Kalman filtering of an inertial measurement unit (IMU), as an example of how SVD can improve the accuracy of existing algorithms and of its usefulness on a such low-resources system. All these contributions can be used as guidelines for embedded system designers. Regarding the second point, the chosen algorithms have been implemented on ARM Cortex-M4F microcontrollers with very limited hardware resources with respect to more advanced CPUs. Several experiments have been conducted to select which algorithms guarantee the best performance in terms of speed, accuracy and energy consumption.

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32

Kim, Man Ho, Suk Lee, and Kyung Chang Lee. "Experimental Performance Evaluation of Smoothing Predictive Redundancy Using Embedded Microcontroller Unit." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 58, no. 3 (March 2011): 784–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2010.2051933.

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33

Fernandes, Marcelo A. C. "Project-Based Learning Laboratory for Teaching Embedded Systems." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/236749.

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This paper presents a project-based learning laboratory for the teaching of embedded systems. The main objectives are to encourage students studying the embedded systems course in developing hardware solutions for real engineering problems and to include aspects of other courses studied within the academic programmes. One of the aims of project-based learning (PRBL) is to integrate different courses in the achievement of a common objective, within a multidisciplinary course of the academic programme. In the present case, this module is the final project of the embedded systems course. The project in question concerns a temperature control system for an industrial drier, equipped with a remote system for configuration and data acquisition. The design of the drier, as well as elaboration of the entire electronic system involving drivers and sensors, was undertaken by the students using a kit with a microcontroller specific for the development of embedded systems. The results of opinion surveys conducted with the students following implementation of the PRBL proposal were used to validate the procedure. Full details of the development and results of the project are provided, with the aim of assisting professors and students of similar courses.

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34

Bushma, Oleksandr, and Andrii Turukalo. "MULTI-ELEMENT SCALE INDICATOR DEVICES IN BUILT-IN SYSTEMS." Cybersecurity: Education, Science, Technique 3, no. 11 (2021): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2663-4023.2021.11.4360.

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The work is devoted to investigation of functional principles of data display means building in embedded systems and definition of ways of reliability increasing of information transfer at interaction in user interface. The importance of a visual communication channel with the operator to ensure the protection of information in complex systems and responsible applications is shown. The principles of implementation of the data output subsystem in embedded systems are analyzed and it is found that the required level of information is provided only by multi-element indicator devices. The element base of indicators is investigated and determined that the most effective display elements from a reliable and ergonomic point of view for built-in applications are LEDs. Analysis of the principles of visual presentation of information showed that the analog (discrete-analog) method of data transmission to the operator provides the highest level of ergonomic parameters of indicators. In this case, the best results have a scale indication based on the additive information model. The use of color speeds up the reading of information from the scale. The control schemes of indicator elements for construction of reliable devices are analyzed. It has been found that the use of microcontrollers significantly increases the level of reliability and provides flexibility of such control schemes. In this case, the software used has a significant impact on the reliability and efficiency of solutions. The matrix connection of LEDs, which are switched in a dynamic mode, allows to build effective means of communication with the operator. It is determined that the best set of technical, reliability and ergonomic characteristics will be obtained when implementing data output in embedded systems using LED bar graph display with microcontroller means in bicyclical dynamic mode. However, very little attention has been paid to investigation of the principles of construction and software optimization support for scale information using control schemes based on microcontrollers.

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35

Simonovic, Mirela, and Lazar Saranovac. "Power management implementation in FreeRTOS on LM3S3748." Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering 10, no. 1 (2013): 199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sjee1301199s.

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Power consumption has become a major concern of embedded systems today. With the aim to reduce power consumption during the runtime, operating systems are dealing with power management. In this work, the FreeRTOS port is extended with power management features on LM3S3748 microcontroller. Tickless idle technique is implemented to provide more powersaving during the processor idle periods.

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36

Alessandrini, Michele, Giorgio Biagetti, Paolo Crippa, Laura Falaschetti, and Claudio Turchetti. "Recurrent Neural Network for Human Activity Recognition in Embedded Systems Using PPG and Accelerometer Data." Electronics 10, no. 14 (July 17, 2021): 1715. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10141715.

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Photoplethysmography (PPG) is a common and practical technique to detect human activity and other physiological parameters and is commonly implemented in wearable devices. However, the PPG signal is often severely corrupted by motion artifacts. The aim of this paper is to address the human activity recognition (HAR) task directly on the device, implementing a recurrent neural network (RNN) in a low cost, low power microcontroller, ensuring the required performance in terms of accuracy and low complexity. To reach this goal, (i) we first develop an RNN, which integrates PPG and tri-axial accelerometer data, where these data can be used to compensate motion artifacts in PPG in order to accurately detect human activity; (ii) then, we port the RNN to an embedded device, Cloud-JAM L4, based on an STM32 microcontroller, optimizing it to maintain an accuracy of over 95% while requiring modest computational power and memory resources. The experimental results show that such a system can be effectively implemented on a constrained-resource system, allowing the design of a fully autonomous wearable embedded system for human activity recognition and logging.

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N.V., Khanh,. "A framework for transferring algorithms designed on matlab/simulink to arm microcontroller embedded systems." Can Tho University Journal of Science 04 (2016): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22144/ctu.jen.2016.041.

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Summerville, Douglas H. "Embedded Systems Interfacing for Engineers using the Freescale HCS08 Microcontroller I: Assembly Language Programming." Synthesis Lectures on Digital Circuits and Systems 4, no. 1 (January 2009): 1–151. http://dx.doi.org/10.2200/s00188ed1v01y200906dcs020.

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Guerrero-Rodríguez, Cobos-Sánchez, González-de-la-Rosa, and Sales-Lérida. "An Embedded Sensor Node for the Surveillance of Power Quality." Energies 12, no. 8 (April 24, 2019): 1561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12081561.

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The energy supply of office buildings and smart homes is a key issue in the global energy system. The growing use of microelectronics-based technology achieves new devices for a more comfortable life and wider use of electronic office equipment. On the one hand, these applications incorporate more and more sensitive electronic devices which are potentially affected by any external electrical transient. On the other hand, the existing electrical loads, which generally use electronic power systems (such as different types of battery chargers, ballasts, inverters, switching power supplies, etc.), generate different kinds of transients in their own electrical internal network. Moreover, improvements in the information of the state of the mains alternating current (AC) power line allows risk evaluation of any disturbance caused to permanently connected electronic equipment, such as computers, appliances, home security systems, phones, TVs, etc. For this reason, it is nowadays more important to introduce monitoring solutions into the electrical network to measure the level of power quality so that it can protect itself when necessary. This article describes a small and compact detector using a low-cost microcontroller and a very simple direct acquiring circuit. In addition; it analyzes different methods to implement various power quality (PQ) surveillance algorithms that can be implemented in this proposed minimum hardware platform. Hence; it is possible to achieve cheap and low-power monitoring devices that can become nodes of a wireless sensor network (WSN). The work shows that using a small computational effort; reasonable execution speed; and acceptable reliability; this solution can be used to detect a variety of large disturbance phenomena and spread the respective failure report through a 433 MHz or 2.4 GHz radio transmitter. Therefore, this work can easily be extended to the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm. Simultaneously, a software application (PulsAC) has been developed to monitor the microcontroller’s real-time progress and detection capability. Moreover, this high-level code (C++ language), allows us to test and debug the different utilized algorithms that will be later run by the microcontroller unit. These tests have been performed with real signals introduced by a function generator and superimposed on the true AC sine wave

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Candido, Antonio Leandro Martins, Sandro César Silveira Jucá, Renata Imaculada Soares Pereira, Paulo Marvin de Brito Lima, and Solonildo Almeida Da Silva. "Low cost Device for Online Monitoring of Noise in Libraries using Internet of Things." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 6, no. 8 (August 31, 2018): 133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol6.iss8.1127.

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The present paper describes the development and practical application of an embedded system that performs the online monitoring of sound noises in a library of an educational institution using Internet of Things. The main objective of the proposed project is to record sound levels in closed areas and to alert users when allowed limits were exceeded. Thus, it was used a set of cost-effective tools, like free software and low-cost technologies. Raspberry Pi, PIC microcontroller and a sound sensor module were applied in the first phase. In the second phase, only ESP8266 microcontroller with sound sensor were used. Results of these two implemented phases are discussed. It was observed that both developed embedded systems, which use Internet of Things concept, contributed satisfactorily offering a better space for concentration.

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Seniman, Seniman, Baihaqi Siregar, Rani Masyithah Pelle, and Fahmi Fahmi. "Securing sensor data transmission with ethernet elliptic curve cryptography secure socket layer on STM32F103 device." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 22, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 507. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v22.i1.pp507-515.

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Currently there is no method, feature, or ability in securing data transmission in microcontroller systems and applications with client-server scheme communication, while major modern computer systems using secure socket layer (SSL) for establishing secure communication. However, ESP espressif based microcontroller has supported SSL communication to secure data transmission, but only works on the Wi-Fi network. A single-board computer based embedded system has fully supported SSL communication, but it costs a very high price. On the other hand, STM32F103 microcontrollers with a very affordable price even cheaper than the Arduino board has the opportunity to build secure data communication using SSL protocol based on MbedTLS library. In addition to wiznet W5100/W5500 ethernet shield, an STM32F103 SSL client device has been successfully built in this study. The SSL client device supports ECDHE ECDHA AES128 CBC SHA256 SSL cipher suite. The Apache web server must also be configured to support this cipher suite by generating OpenSSL ECC (elliptic curve cryptography) certificate. The system was tested with the LM35 analog temperature sensor, and as a result, the STM32F103 SSL client has successfully secured the data transmission to the Apache SSL web server. The communication time was 3 seconds for the first connection and 42 ms for the next data transmission.

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El-Abd, Mohammed. "A Review of Embedded Systems Education in the Arduino Age: Lessons Learned and Future Directions." International Journal of Engineering Pedagogy (iJEP) 7, no. 2 (May 19, 2017): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijep.v7i2.6845.

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In this paper, the subject of embedded systems education in the Arduino age is examined. Arduino is an open-source microcontroller platform that has been widely popular in the past decade among hobbyists and academics. Arduino is increasingly being adopted in courses that span different disciplines in schools and universities. As a result, numerous papers are being published every year in different engineering education conferences and journals reporting the integration of Arduino in teaching. In this work, the impact of Arduino on embedded systems education is investigated. First, challenges facing embedded systems education are identified from the literature. Second, different Arduino teaching integration methodologies reported in the literature are surveyed and analyzed. Third, the question whether Arduino successfully addresses embedded education challenges or not is discussed taking both surveyed findings and recent market trends into consideration. Finally, a number of open-ended research directions are proposed.

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Zuepke, Alexander, Kai Beckmann, Andreas Zoor, and Reinhold Kroeger. "For Safety and Security Reasons: The Cost of Component-Isolation in IoT." Logistics & Sustainable Transport 7, no. 1 (October 1, 2016): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jlst-2016-0004.

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Abstract The current development trend of Internet of Things (IoT) aims for a tighter integration of mobile and stationary devices via various networks. This includes communication of vehicles to roadside infrastructure (V2I), as well as intelligent sensors / actors in Logistics and smart home environments. Compared to isolated traditional embedded systems, the exposure to open networks increases the attack surface, and errors in the networking components could compromise the safety and security of the embedded application or the whole network. But often current system architectures for mass-market IoT devices lack the required isolation concepts. Using a partitioning microkernel and enforcing the use of a microcontroller’s memory protection unit (MPU) facilities, we compare different isolation concepts for a publish/subscribe middleware implementing OMG’s Data Distribution Service (DDS) standard and we evaluate our results on an STM32F4 microcontroller. The results of this case study show moderate costs for increased memory usage and additional context switches.

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Slavov, Tsonyo, Alexander Mitov, and Jordan Kralev. "Advanced Embedded Control of Electrohydraulic Power Steering System." Cybernetics and Information Technologies 20, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 105–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cait-2020-0020.

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AbstractThe article presents a developed embedded system for control of electrohydraulic power steering based on multivariable uncertain plant model and advanced control techniques. The plant model is obtained by identification procedure via “black box” system identification and takes into account the deviations of the parameters that characterize the way that the control signal acts on the state of the model. Three types of controller are designed: Linear-Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) controller, H∞ controller and μ-controller. The main result is a performed comparative analysis of time and frequency domain properties of control systems. The results show the better performance of systems based on µ-controllers. Also the robust stability and robust performance are investigated. All three systems achieved robust stability which guarantees their workability, but only the system with µ-controller has robust performance against prescribed uncertainties. The control algorithms are implemented in specialized 32-bit microcontroller. A number of real world experiments have been executed, which confirm the quality of the electrohydraulic power steering control system.

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Huang, Hong Hsin, Chien Yuan Liu, Ming Chih Huang, I. Chun Ko, and Jia Ming Lee. "Digital I/O Training Kit Development for Arduino Platforms." Applied Mechanics and Materials 214 (November 2012): 649–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.214.649.

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In this paper, a DIO training kit developed for fundamental embedded system learning was presented. The jobs of the research comprised the developments of a microcontroller board, four DIO functional modules with multiplexing circuit, and some control software. At present, the DIO training kit was implemented on an experimental breadboard. The integration and verification of hardware and software were conducted successfully. The results showed that the DIO training kit for Arduino platform are extremely suitable to support the Arduino based embedded systems training.

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Lee, Sang Seol. "An Embedded Systems Implementation Technique based on Multiple Finite State Machine Modeling using Microcontroller Interrupts." Journal of Korea Multimedia Society 16, no. 1 (January 31, 2013): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.9717/kmms.2013.16.1.075.

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Branco, Sérgio, André G. Ferreira, and Jorge Cabral. "Machine Learning in Resource-Scarce Embedded Systems, FPGAs, and End-Devices: A Survey." Electronics 8, no. 11 (November 5, 2019): 1289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8111289.

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The number of devices connected to the Internet is increasing, exchanging large amounts of data, and turning the Internet into the 21st-century silk road for data. This road has taken machine learning to new areas of applications. However, machine learning models are not yet seen as complex systems that must run in powerful computers (i.e., Cloud). As technology, techniques, and algorithms advance, these models are implemented into more computational constrained devices. The following paper presents a study about the optimizations, algorithms, and platforms used to implement such models into the network’s end, where highly resource-scarce microcontroller units (MCUs) are found. The paper aims to provide guidelines, taxonomies, concepts, and future directions to help decentralize the network’s intelligence.

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Subpratatsavee, Puchong, Peeyawal Kuha, and Peerapon Pudtuan. "Embedded Wireless Automatically Watering Plants Using UAV." Applied Mechanics and Materials 752-753 (April 2015): 961–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.752-753.961.

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In this paper is intended to study and develop embedded systems for use in controlling the operation of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UVA) to work effectively under automatic control system. As well as to design flight control 4 blades, which uses an ATmega328 microcontroller controls the four motors and fly under equilibrium conditions. The embedded system is defined boundary conditions for UAV to suit the operation of the UAV. The Wi-Fi signal is used to transmit data in order to bring the instruction set processor to control the operation of UAV and displayed to the user immediately. Operation of the UAV based on the conditions that were set by the user to suit the scope of work that user need. Nowadays, high technology machines and robots for use in agriculture is very much in some areas. In order to reduce the work of human and still operates efficiently as well. Thus was born the idea to put apply including embedded systems and robotics in order to be used in agriculture to function effectively. Appropriate to the environment and work under human control.

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Balid, Walid, Mahmoud Abdulwahed, and Imad Alrouh. "Development of an educationally oriented open-source embedded systems laboratory kit: A hybrid hands-on and virtual experimentation approach." International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Education 51, no. 4 (October 2014): 340–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/ijeee.0006.

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Embedded microcontroller (MCU) systems is one of the most important topics in undergraduate electrical and electronics engineering and computer engineering curricula. Laboratory sessions are vitally important in teaching/learning of MCUs. Unfortunately, most commercially available MCU development kits are not well designed for educational purposes. In this paper, we report on the design and implementation of an educationally oriented MCU kit. The design aimed to produce a fairly universal training board that can cover a range of experiments for different topics, which resulted in embedding a rich group of peripherals. Furthermore, the kit was associated with student-centric lab manuals, training exercise, video materials, and virtual MCU experiments. This paper presents a pedagogical investigation of the impact of using the embedded systems virtual labs for preparation. The quantitative results show statistical evidence that preparation with a virtual embedded systems lab results in higher learning outcomes.

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Kulha, Pavel, Wolfgang Hilber, Alexandr Laposa, and Bernhard Jakoby. "Screen printed and laminated electrodes for low-cost capacitive level measurement systems." Journal of Electrical Engineering 69, no. 2 (March 1, 2018): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jee-2018-0022.

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Abstract The fabrication procedure and characterization of low-cost electrodes for capacitive level sensors realized on a flexible substrate are presented in this paper. The aim was to prepare conductive electrodes by printing of silver and PEDOT:PSS pastes on coated PET foil. Individual interdigital capacitors and a system with embedded microcontroller readout were designed for a comparative study. Individual capacitors in the form of interdigital electrodes (IDT) were designed with different finger width/spacing dimensions from 300/300 μm to 800/800 μm, a finger length 10 mm and 15 mm and an overall length of 100 mm. A demonstrator device featuring an integrated microcontroller, sensing and reference capacitive sensors and a resistive temperature sensor was realized to proof a practical utilization. The microcontroller is used to calculate capacitances of IDT electrodes in terms of charging time proportional to the fluid level. The design with reference capacitor can be directly applied to different fluids with a wide range of conductivities and dielectric constants without recalibration. The printed structures were thermally laminated with covering PET foil. The sensitivity of the fabricated devices was characterized in liquids with different relative permittivity and conductivity (water and oil). The highest measured sensitivity was 0.7 pF/mm and 0.08 pF/mm for water and oil respectively, with resolution down to 0.1 mm.

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