Journal articles: 'EMBMS'

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Taha, Miran, Jose Miguel Jimenez, Alejandro Canovas, and Jaime Lloret. "Intelligent Algorithm for Enhancing MPEG-DASH QoE in eMBMS." Network Protocols and Algorithms 9, no. 3-4 (February 18, 2018): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/npa.v9i3-4.12573.

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Multimedia streaming is the most demanding and bandwidth hungry application in today’s world of Internet. MPEG-DASH as a video technology standard is designed for delivering live or on-demand streams in Internet to deliver best quality content with the fewest dropouts and least possible buffering. Hybrid architecture of DASH and eMBMS has attracted a great attention from the telecommunication industry and multimedia services. It is deployed in response to the immense demand in multimedia traffic. However, handover and limited available resources of the system affected on dropping segments of the adaptive video streaming in eMBMS and it creates an adverse impact on Quality of Experience (QoE), which is creating trouble for service providers and network providers towards delivering the service. In this paper, we derive a case study in eMBMS to approach to provide test measures evaluating MPEG-DASH QoE, by defining the metrics are influenced on QoE in eMBMS such as bandwidth and packet loss then we observe the objective metrics like stalling (number, duration and place), buffer length and accumulative video time. Moreover, we build a smart algorithm to predict rate of segments are lost in multicast adaptive video streaming. The algorithm deploys an estimation decision regards how to recover the lost segments. According to the obtained results based on our proposal algorithm, rate of lost segments is highly decreased by comparing to the traditional approach of MPEG-DASH multicast and unicast for high number of users.

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Saxena, Navrati, Sukhdeep Singh, Abhishek Roy, and Deepti H. Ail. "NEST: novel eMBMS scheduling technique." Wireless Networks 22, no. 6 (September 22, 2015): 1837–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11276-015-1067-0.

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Kumar, Utsaw, Ozgur Oyman, and Apostolos Papathanassiou. "QoE Evaluation for Video Streaming over eMBMS." Journal of Communications 8, no. 6 (2013): 352–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.12720/jcm.8.6.352-358.

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Araniti, Giuseppe, Igor Bisio, Mauro De Sanctis, Federica Rinaldi, and Andrea Sciarrone. "Joint Coding and Multicast Subgrouping Over Satellite-eMBMS Networks." IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 36, no. 5 (May 2018): 1004–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2018.2832818.

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Walker, G. Kent, Jun Wang, Charles Lo, Xiaoxia Zhang, and Gang Bao. "Relationship Between LTE Broadcast/eMBMS and Next Generation Broadcast Television." IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting 60, no. 2 (June 2014): 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tbc.2014.2317299.

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Vargas, David, Jordi Joan Gimenez, Tom Ellinor, Andrew Murphy, Benjamin Lembke, and Khishigbayar Dushchuluun. "Practical Performance Measurements of LTE Broadcast (eMBMS) for TV Applications." SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal 128, no. 4 (May 2019): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5594/jmi.2019.2901188.

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Kim, Seong Hwan, and Junsu Kim. "An Opportunistic MCS Drop Scheme for Improved LTE eMBMS Transmission." Wireless Personal Communications 107, no. 3 (September 15, 2018): 1431–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11277-018-5973-1.

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., Avani U. Pandya. "PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF AL-FEC RAPTOR CODE OVER 3GPP EMBMS NETWORK." International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology 02, no. 04 (April 25, 2013): 601–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2013.0204034.

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Kaliski, Rafael, and Hung-Yu Wei. "Dynamic Resource Allocation and Advertisement Revenue Optimization for TV Over eMBMS." IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting 62, no. 3 (September 2016): 579–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tbc.2016.2570013.

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Chan, Tsung-Yen, Yi Ren, Yu-Chee Tseng, and Jyh-Cheng Chen. "How to Reduce Unexpected eMBMS Session Disconnection: Design and Performance Analysis." IEEE Wireless Communications Letters 7, no. 1 (February 2018): 126–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2017.2759113.

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Kim, Hyun-Gon. "A Certificate Revocation List Distribution Scheme over the eMBMS for Vehicular Networks." Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information 21, no. 10 (October 31, 2016): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.9708/jksci.2016.21.10.077.

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Awada, Ahmad, Ekkehard Lang, Olaf Renner, Karl-Josef Friederichs, Swen Petersen, Kerstin Pfaffinger, Benjamin Lembke, and Roland Brugger. "Field Trial of LTE eMBMS Network for TV Distribution: Experimental Results and Analysis." IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting 63, no. 2 (June 2017): 321–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tbc.2016.2630298.

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Kwon, Beom, and Sanghoon Lee. "Cross-antenna interference cancellation and channel estimation for MISO-FBMC/QAM-based eMBMS." Wireless Networks 24, no. 8 (May 29, 2017): 3281–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11276-017-1531-0.

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Lecompte, David, and Frédéric Gabin. "Evolved multimedia broadcast/multicast service (eMBMS) in LTE-advanced: overview and Rel-11 enhancements." IEEE Communications Magazine 50, no. 11 (November 2012): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2012.6353684.

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Saxena, Navrati, Abhishek Roy, and HanSeok Kim. "Efficient 5G Small Cell Planning With eMBMS for Optimal Demand Response in Smart Grids." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 13, no. 3 (June 2017): 1471–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tii.2017.2681105.

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Ren, Yi, Jyh-Cheng Chen, and Jui-Chih Chin. "Impacts of S1 and X2 Interfaces on eMBMS Handover Failure: Solution and Performance Analysis." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 67, no. 7 (July 2018): 6599–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2018.2812858.

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Jokela, Tero, Juha Kalliovaara, Menno Bot, Heikki Kokkinen, Baruch Altman, Carlos Barjau, Peter Sanders, David Gomez-Barquero, and Jarkko Paavola. "Multimedia Public Warning Alert Trials Using eMBMS Broadcast, Dynamic Spectrum Allocation and Connection Bonding." IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting 66, no. 2 (June 2020): 571–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tbc.2020.2989660.

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Shariatzadeh, Heydar, Saeed Ghazi-Maghrebi, and Bahattin Karakaya. "An improving performance cellular DTV broadcasting with hybrid non-orthogonal LDM and orthogonal eMBMS configuration." Array 11 (September 2021): 100073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.array.2021.100073.

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Et. al., MadhusmitaShial. "Layered-Division Multiplexing in 5G New -Radio for Terrestrial Broadcast Services." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 3 (April 11, 2021): 5183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i3.2146.

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The 5G system can deliver simultaneouslyunicast services, multicast services and broadcast services using the conventional high-power high- tower (HPHT) infrastructure and with the same spectrum.The Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) LTEevolved -multimedia broadcast- multicast service (eMBMS) have new features designed for Terrestrial Broadcast services in Release 14. A broadcast service means only receive mode, only downlink no uplink or inserting a SIM card not needed. In free to air reception without a SIM card or without user device registration with the network the content can be received. This specification is standardized in release 15. In this study a two layer Layered-Division Multiplexing (LDM) is used in 5G new radio (NR).A significant performance could be analyzed in a 5G- NRMBMS by using two layer LDM system for delivering terrestrial broadcast services. The performance analysis demonstrated by computer simulations. Using two-layer LDM in 5G-NRMBMS system a high-qualityservice can be provided to both handheld and fixed devices

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Feng, Siyuan, Chunmei Liu, Chen Shen, Hyeong-Ah Choi, and Richard A. Rouil. "An Effective and Efficient Dynamic eMBMS Multicast Grouping Scheduling Algorithm in MBSFNs for Public Safety Scenarios." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 105701–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3000251.

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Erlich, Aaron, and Nicholas Kerr. "‘The localmwananchihas lost trust’: design, transition and legitimacy in Kenyan election management." Journal of Modern African Studies 54, no. 4 (November 4, 2016): 671–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x16000604.

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ABSTRACTAcross African democracies, maintaining popular trust in electoral management bodies (EMBs) is vital to enhancing election integrity and, ultimately, regime legitimacy. However, scholars have largely sidestepped any systematic analysis of how citizens formulate their attitudes towards EMBs and how these attitudes vary over time. To address these gaps in the literature, we focus on Kenyan EMBs, which have experienced fluctuating popular support since the ruinous 2007 elections and subsequent institutional reforms. Using primary election reports and original survey and focus group data, we analyse the sources of Kenyans' trust in EMBs from 1992 onward and probe the 2013 election period deeply. Across time, we find that confidence in EMBs usually collapses after polarised elections, due to perceived problems with the EMB's autonomy and capacity. Following the 2013 elections, Kenyans were also more likely to lose confidence in the EMB if they were affiliated with losing presidential candidates or if they were critical of EMB performance.

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Park, Jounsup. "Multi-Session Multicasting for 360-Degree Video Multicast over OFDMA Systems." International Journal of Digital Multimedia Broadcasting 2021 (June 16, 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5560312.

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360-degree video content provides a rich and immersive multimedia experience to viewers by allowing viewers to the video from any angle. However, 360-degree videos require much higher bandwidth to be delivered over mobile networks compared to conventional videos. Multicasting of the videos is one of the solutions to efficiently utilize the limited bandwidth since many viewers share the wireless spectrum resource for popular videos, such as sports events or musical concerts. LTE eMBMS assigns the videos to the video sessions, and multiple viewers can subscribe to the same video allocated to the video sessions. Moreover, the tiling of the 360-degree video makes it possible to control the regional quality of the video. The tiles that are likely to be seen by many viewers should have higher quality than other tiles to satisfy more viewers. In this paper, we proposed the Multi-Session Multicast (MSM) system to optimally allocate the wireless resources to tiles with different qualities to maximize the expected user experience. The experimental results show that the proposed MSM system provides higher quality videos to viewers using limited wireless resources.

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Huang, Chung-Ming, and Meng-Lien Li. "The MBSFN-based eMBMS using the method of Incremental Allocation of Radio Resource between Unicast and Multicast (IARR-UM)." Telecommunication Systems 77, no. 4 (April 20, 2021): 709–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11235-021-00789-8.

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Goude, R., A. G. Amin, D. Chatterjee, and T. Parish. "The Arabinosyltransferase EmbC Is Inhibited by Ethambutol in Mycobacterium tuberculosis." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 53, no. 10 (July 13, 2009): 4138–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00162-09.

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ABSTRACT Ethambutol (EMB) is an antimycobacterial drug used extensively for the treatment of tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. EMB targets the biosynthesis of the cell wall, inhibiting the synthesis of both arabinogalactan and lipoarabinomannan (LAM), and is assumed to act via inhibition of three arabinosyltransferases: EmbA, EmbB, and EmbC. EmbA and EmbB are required for the synthesis of arabinogalactan, and at least one enzyme (M. tuberculosis EmbA [EmbAMt]) is essential in M. tuberculosis. EmbCMt is also essential for the viability of M. tuberculosis but is involved in the synthesis of LAM. We show that mutations in EmbCMt that reduce its arabinosyltransferase activity result in increased sensitivity to EMB and the production of smaller LAM species in M. tuberculosis. Overexpression of EmbCMt was not tolerated in M. tuberculosis, but overexpression of M ycobacterium smegmatis EmbC (EmbCMs) led to EMB resistance and the production of larger LAM species in M. tuberculosis. Treatment of wild-type M. tuberculosis strains with EMB led to inhibition of LAM synthesis, resulting in the production of smaller species of LAM. In contrast, no change in LAM production was seen in EMB-resistant strains. Overexpression of EmbBMs in M. tuberculosis also resulted in EMB resistance, but at a lower level than that caused by EmbCMs. Overexpression of EmbAMt in M. tuberculosis had no effect on EMB resistance. Thus, there is a direct correlation between EmbC activity and EMB resistance, as well as between EmbC activity and the size of the LAM species produced, confirming that EmbC is one of the cellular targets of EMB action.

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Vaghasiya, Milan R., Simon K. Poon, Naren Gunja, and Jonathan Penm. "The Impact of Electronic Medication Management Systems on Medication Deviations on Admission and Discharge from Hospital." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 3 (January 19, 2023): 1879. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20031879.

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Medication errors at transition of care remain a concerning issue. In recent times, the use of integrated electronic medication management systems (EMMS) has caused a reduction in medication errors, but its effectiveness in reducing medication deviations at transition of care has not been studied in hospital-wide settings in Australia. The aim of this study is to assess medication deviations, such as omissions and mismatches, pre-EMMS and post-EMMS implementation at transition of care across a hospital. In this study, patient records were reviewed retrospectively to identify medication deviations (medication omissions and medication mismatches) at admission and discharge from hospital. A total of 400 patient records were reviewed (200 patients in the pre-EMMS and 200 patients in the post-EMMS group). Out of 400 patients, 112 in the pre-EMMS group and 134 patients in post-EMMS group met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. A total of 105 out of 246 patients (42.7%) had any medication deviations on their medications. In the pre-EMMS group, 59 out of 112 (52.7%) patients had any deviations on their medications compared to 46 out of 134 patients (34.3%) from the post-EMMS group (p = 0.004). The proportion of patients with medication omitted from inpatient orders was 36.6% in the pre-EMMS cohort vs. 22.4% in the post-EMMS cohort (p = 0.014). Additionally, the proportion of patients with mismatches in medications on the inpatient charts compared to their medication history was 4.5% in the pre-EMMS group compared to 0% in the post-EMMS group (p = 0.019). Similarly, the proportion of patients with medications omitted from their discharge summary was 23.2% in the pre-EMMS group vs. 12.7% in the post-EMMS group (p = 0.03). Our study demonstrates a reduction in medication deviations after the implementation of the EMMS in hospital settings.

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Westbrook, Johanna I., Elena Gospodarevskaya, Ling Li, Katrina L. Richardson, David Roffe, Maureen Heywood, Richard O. Day, and Nicholas Graves. "Cost-effectiveness analysis of a hospital electronic medication management system." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 22, no. 4 (February 10, 2015): 784–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocu014.

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Abstract Objective To conduct a cost–effectiveness analysis of a hospital electronic medication management system (eMMS). Methods We compared costs and benefits of paper-based prescribing with a commercial eMMS (CSC MedChart) on one cardiology ward in a major 326-bed teaching hospital, assuming a 15-year time horizon and a health system perspective. The eMMS implementation and operating costs were obtained from the study site. We used data on eMMS effectiveness in reducing potential adverse drug events (ADEs), and potential ADEs intercepted, based on review of 1 202 patient charts before (n = 801) and after (n = 401) eMMS. These were combined with published estimates of actual ADEs and their costs. Results The rate of potential ADEs following eMMS fell from 0.17 per admission to 0.05; a reduction of 71%. The annualized eMMS implementation, maintenance, and operating costs for the cardiology ward were A$61 741 (US$55 296). The estimated reduction in ADEs post eMMS was approximately 80 actual ADEs per year. The reduced costs associated with these ADEs were more than sufficient to offset the costs of the eMMS. Estimated savings resulting from eMMS implementation were A$63–66 (US$56–59) per admission (A$97 740–$102 000 per annum for this ward). Sensitivity analyses demonstrated results were robust when both eMMS effectiveness and costs of actual ADEs were varied substantially. Conclusion The eMMS within this setting was more effective and less expensive than paper-based prescribing. Comparison with the few previous full economic evaluations available suggests a marked improvement in the cost–effectiveness of eMMS, largely driven by increased effectiveness of contemporary eMMs in reducing medication errors.

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Kimura, Kazumi, Junya Aoki, Kensaku Shibazaki, Naoki Saji, Junichi Uemura, and Yuki Sakamoto. "New Appearance of Extraischemic Microbleeds on T2*-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging 24 Hours After Tissue-type Plasminogen Activator Administration." Stroke 44, no. 10 (October 2013): 2776–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.113.001778.

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Background and Purpose— It is unknown whether new-extraischemic microbleeds (new-EMBs) develop rapidly after tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) infusion. We hypothesized that new-EMBs may develop rapidly after tPA infusion using T2*-weighted MRI (T2*) and investigated the frequency and clinical factors associated with new-EMBs. Methods— Patients with acute stroke within 3 hours of onset who were treated with tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) were studied prospectively. T2* was performed before and 24 hours after tPA therapy. Independent clinical factors associated with new-EMBs development were examined using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results— A total of 224 patients (121 men; mean age, 76.2±10.6 years) were enrolled in the present study. MBs before tPA infusion were observed in 72 (32.1%) patients. Within 24 hours after tPA infusion, 6 (2.7%) patients had symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (extraischemic [n=4], and hemorrhagic transformation [n=2]). Follow-up T2* revealed asymptomatic new-EMBs in 11 (4.9%) patients and hemorrhagic transformation in the infarcted area in 65 (29.0%). The total and mean number of new-EMBs were 23 and 1.6±1.3, respectively. Patients with new-EMBs more frequently had symptomatic extraischemic hemorrhage than those without new-EMBs (27.3% [3/11] versus 0.5% [1/213]; P =0.0003). However, the frequency of hemorrhagic transformation was not different between patients with and without new-EMBs (27.3% versus 29.1%; P =0.9999). Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated that the presence of MBs before tPA infusion was the only independent factor associated with new-EMBs (odds ratio, 10.6; 95% confidence interval, 20.68–54.279; P =0.0046). Conclusions— New-EMBs occurred rapidly after tPA infusion in 4.9% of patients. The presence of MBs before tPA therapy was associated with new-EMBs. Patients with new-EMBs are likely to have symptomatic extraischemic hemorrhage.

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Matis, Juraj, Miroslav Svetlak, Alena Slezackova, Marek Svoboda, and Rastislav Šumec. "Mindfulness-Based Programs for Patients With Cancer via eHealth and Mobile Health: Systematic Review and Synthesis of Quantitative Research." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 11 (November 16, 2020): e20709. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/20709.

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Background eHealth mindfulness-based programs (eMBPs) are on the rise in complex oncology and palliative care. However, we are still at the beginning of answering the questions of how effective eMBPs are and for whom, and what kinds of delivery modes are the most efficient. Objective This systematic review aims to examine the feasibility and efficacy of eMBPs in improving the mental health and well-being of patients with cancer, to describe intervention characteristics and delivery modes of these programs, and to summarize the results of the included studies in terms of moderators, mediators, and predictors of efficacy, adherence, and attrition. Methods In total, 4 databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Knowledge) were searched using relevant search terms (eg, mindfulness, program, eHealth, neoplasm) and their variations. No restrictions were imposed on language or publication type. The results of the efficacy of eMBPs were synthesized through the summarizing effect estimates method. Results A total of 29 published papers describing 24 original studies were included in this review. In general, the results indicate that eMBPs have the potential to reduce the levels of stress, anxiety, depression, fatigue, sleep problems, and pain, and improve the levels of mindfulness, posttraumatic growth, and some parameters of general health. The largest median of Cohen d effect sizes were observed in reducing anxiety and depression (within-subject: median −0.38, IQR −0.62 to −0.27; between-group: median −0.42, IQR −0.58 to −0.22) and facilitating posttraumatic growth (within-subject: median 0.42, IQR 0.35 to 0.48; between-group: median 0.32, IQR 0.22 to 0.39). The efficacy of eMBP may be comparable with that of parallel, face-to-face MBPs in some cases. All studies that evaluated the feasibility of eMBPs reported that they are feasible for patients with cancer. Potential moderators, mediators, and predictors of the efficacy, attrition, and adherence of eMBPs are discussed. Conclusions Although the effects of the reviewed studies were highly heterogeneous, the review provides evidence that eMBPs are an appropriate way for mindfulness practice to be delivered to patients with cancer. Thus far, existing eMBPs have mostly attempted to convert proven face-to-face mindfulness programs to the eHealth mode. They have not yet fully exploited the potential of eHealth technology.

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Van de Vreede, Melita, Anne McGrath, and Jan de Clifford. "Review of medication errors that are new or likely to occur more frequently with electronic medication management systems." Australian Health Review 43, no. 3 (2019): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah17119.

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Objective The aim of the present study was to identify and quantify medication errors reportedly related to electronic medication management systems (eMMS) and those considered likely to occur more frequently with eMMS. This included developing a new classification system relevant to eMMS errors. Methods Eight Victorian hospitals with eMMS participated in a retrospective audit of reported medication incidents from their incident reporting databases between May and July 2014. Site-appointed project officers submitted deidentified incidents they deemed new or likely to occur more frequently due to eMMS, together with the Incident Severity Rating (ISR). The authors reviewed and classified incidents. Results There were 5826 medication-related incidents reported. In total, 93 (47 prescribing errors, 46 administration errors) were identified as new or potentially related to eMMS. Only one ISR2 (moderate) and no ISR1 (severe or death) errors were reported, so harm to patients in this 3-month period was minimal. The most commonly reported error types were ‘human factors’ and ‘unfamiliarity or training’ (70%) and ‘cross-encounter or hybrid system errors’ (22%). Conclusions Although the results suggest that the errors reported were of low severity, organisations must remain vigilant to the risk of new errors and avoid the assumption that eMMS is the panacea to all medication error issues. What is known about the topic? eMMS have been shown to reduce some types of medication errors, but it has been reported that some new medication errors have been identified and some are likely to occur more frequently with eMMS. There are few published Australian studies that have reported on medication error types that are likely to occur more frequently with eMMS in more than one organisation and that include administration and prescribing errors. What does this paper add? This paper includes a new simple classification system for eMMS that is useful and outlines the most commonly reported incident types and can inform organisations and vendors on possible eMMS improvements. The paper suggests a new classification system for eMMS medication errors. What are the implications for practitioners? The results of the present study will highlight to organisations the need for ongoing review of system design, refinement of workflow issues, staff education and training and reporting and monitoring of errors.

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Hsiao, Foam-Zone, and An-Chen Lee. "An Investigation of the Characteristics of Electromagnetic Bearings Using the Finite Element Method." Journal of Tribology 116, no. 4 (October 1, 1994): 710–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2927324.

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The load capacity of EMBs with a restricted air gap is usually small in comparison with that of traditional ball bearings. One possible way to overcome this limitation is to increase the operation field strength of EMBs; however, this approach unavoidably involves nonlinear characteristics of EMBs. This paper investigates the nonlinear behavior of two commonly used types of EMBs by using the finite element method, in which the nonlinear relation of the B-H curve, the flux leakage, and the fringing effect are taken into account. The behavior of the EMBs under different bias currents and gap lengths is investigated, as are the effects of geometric parameters on the bearing characteristics. The results of the paper provide a useful guide for designing EMBs when using their nonlinear characteristics.

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Langford, Malcolm, Rebecca Schiel, and Bruce M. Wilson. "The Rise of Electoral Management Bodies: Diffusion and Effects." Asian Journal of Comparative Law 16, S1 (December 2021): S60—S84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asjcl.2021.29.

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AbstractElectoral Management Bodies (EMBs) are commonly established to increase electoral legitimacy by designing, implementing and/or enforcing rules surrounding nominations, polling, voting, and tabulation. Globally however, EMB design, governance, and efficacy vary considerably. Utilizing four EMB data sources, this article asks (1) to what extent do EMBs form a new pillar of constitutional governance; and (2) how effective are they in managing and increasing the legitimacy of elections? We begin by detailing the global diffusion of EMBs, temporally and geographically, together with trends in governance methods, constitutionalization, and degrees of autonomy and capacity. We then turn to examine the extent to which existing EMBs are effective, empirically testing a global sample of states on two measures associated with electoral legitimacy. Four results of our analyses stand out. First, independent EMBs are most abundant in democratizing regions, including Latin America and the Caribbean, Sub-Saharan Africa, and South Asia. Second, while EMBs are increasing in number, only a slight majority of states enshrine these institutions in their constitutions. Third, while independent EMBs are the most common systems, autonomous bodies are largely found in democracies. Finally, EMBs characterized by greater degrees of autonomy and capacity are associated with lower levels of both electoral violence and concerns regarding electoral legitimacy.

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Baysari, Melissa T., Bethany A. van Dort, Mirela Prgomet, Wu Yi Zheng, Magdalena Z. Raban, Luciano Dalla-Pozza, Cheryl Mccullagh, and Johanna Westbrook. "The efficiency–thoroughness trade-off after implementation of electronic medication management: a qualitative study in paediatric oncology." International Journal for Quality in Health Care 32, no. 8 (September 2020): 511–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzaa086.

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Abstract Objective The efficiency–thoroughness trade-off (ETTO) principle proposes that people and organizations are often required to make a trade-off between being efficient and being thorough, as it is difficult to be both efficient and thorough at the same time. This study aimed to compare pre- electronic medication management system (EMMS) expectation of how an EMMS is likely to impact on efficiency and thoroughness to post-EMM experiences of an EMMS and the ETTO. Design Qualitative interview study. Setting A paediatric oncology cancer centre in a large paediatric tertiary teaching hospital in Sydney, Australia. Participants Forty-four semi-structured interviews with doctors, nurses and pharmacists six months prior to and two years following implementation of an EMMS. Results Prior to EMM implementation, staff identified a number of areas of work where both efficiency and thoroughness were expected to improve with EMM. These included ease of accessibility of the medication record, and organization and legibility of medication information. Following EMMS implementation, staff reported improvements in these areas. However, the EMMS was perceived to drive thoroughness (safety) benefits at the expense of efficiency (time). Measures to improve safety in the EMMS enforced processes that required time, such as medication double-checking procedures. Conclusions Overall, staff were aware of the competitive interplay between thoroughness and efficiency and reported that introduction of an EMMS had imposed processes that favoured improvements in thoroughness at the expense of efficiency.

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Hassett, Afton L., Jennifer Pierce, Jenna Goesling, Laura Fritsch, Rishi R. Bakshi, David J. Kohns, and Chad M. Brummett. "Initial validation of the electronic form of the Michigan Body Map." Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine 45, no. 2 (December 18, 2019): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/rapm-2019-101084.

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Background The Michigan Body Map (MBM) was developed to assess pain location in a reliable and valid manner; however, electronic formats have not been validated. This study had two aims: (1) initial validation of the electronic form of the MBM (eMBM) and (2) preliminary test of assessing pain severity within body zones. Methods For the first aim, 68 participants with chronic pain completed paper and electronic forms of the MBM, then underwent scripted interviews to assess preferences among body maps and verbal confirmation of pain locations. For the second aim, a subset of the participants (n=40) completed the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) pain severity subscale, as well as the eMBM again and endorsed pain severity using additional screens showing body zones that contained areas in which pain was endorsed. Results There were few discrepancies between MBM, eMBM and verbal report (1.9% and 1.6%, respectively), and no difference between forms in perceived ability to indicate areas of pain or ease of completion. Patients accurately indicated their bodily pain on both maps, with 84% and 87% reporting one or no errors on MBM and eMBM, respectively. Participants also reported no preference for which version best-depicted areas of pain or best distinguished left from right. Lastly, the most preferred measure was eMBM with pain severity zones, followed by eMBM without zones, followed by the BPI pain severity subscale. Conclusions These data support the validity of the eMBM for patients with chronic pain. Further, an expanded form of the eMBM that assesses pain severity was preferred by most participants.

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Kestering, Daniel A., Flavia F. S. Zinani, and George C. Bleyer. "Application of an EMMS Model for Bubbly Fluidized Bed." Defect and Diffusion Forum 372 (March 2017): 170–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.372.170.

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In computational fluid dynamics (CFD) of fluidization processes, the modeling of drag between fluid and particles has a direct effect on the results. The EMMS (Energy Minimization Multi-Scale) models are based on the micro-scale of individual particles and the macro scale of equipment to model the meso-scale phenomena related to particle clustering, which directly affect the drag between fluid and particles. The EMMS/bubbling model was introduced as a change from the classic EMMS model to specific bubbling fluid bed conditions. The present work aims to apply the EMMS/bubbling model in the CFD of Geldart-D particles fluidized by air. The results were compared with results from the literature. It was observed that, for particles of Geldart groups A and B, the results using the EMMS/bubbling model agreed well with the literature. The CFD results for Geldart-D particles showed good agreement with the literature results for this method using coarse grids.

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Olivares-Castro, Gabriela, Lizethly Cáceres-Jensen, Carlos Guerrero-Bosagna, and Cristian Villagra. "Insect Epigenetic Mechanisms Facing Anthropogenic-Derived Contamination, an Overview." Insects 12, no. 9 (August 31, 2021): 780. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12090780.

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Currently, the human species has been recognized as the primary species responsible for Earth’s biodiversity decline. Contamination by different chemical compounds, such as pesticides, is among the main causes of population decreases and species extinction. Insects are key for ecosystem maintenance; unfortunately, their populations are being drastically affected by human-derived disturbances. Pesticides, applied in agricultural and urban environments, are capable of polluting soil and water sources, reaching non-target organisms (native and introduced). Pesticides alter insect’s development, physiology, and inheritance. Recently, a link between pesticide effects on insects and their epigenetic molecular mechanisms (EMMs) has been demonstrated. EMMs are capable of regulating gene expression without modifying genetic sequences, resulting in the expression of different stress responses as well as compensatory mechanisms. In this work, we review the main anthropogenic contaminants capable of affecting insect biology and of triggering EMMs. EMMs are involved in the development of several diseases in native insects affected by pesticides (e.g., anomalous teratogenic reactions). Additionally, EMMs also may allow for the survival of some species (mainly pests) under contamination-derived habitats; this may lead to biodiversity decline and further biotic homogenization. We illustrate these patterns by reviewing the effect of neonicotinoid insecticides, insect EMMs, and their ecological consequences.

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Iwaniszyn, Marzena, Katarzyna Sindera, Anna Gancarczyk, Bartosz Leszczyński, Mateusz Korpyś, Mikołaj Suwak, Andrzej Kołodziej, and Przemysław J. Jodłowski. "Characterization of Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer of Expanded Metal Meshes for Catalytic Processes." Energies 15, no. 22 (November 11, 2022): 8437. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15228437.

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In this work, three raised expanded metal meshes (EMMs) differing in mesh size were tested experimentally with regard to their flow and transport properties. Empirical equations for the Nusselt number and Fanning friction factor were developed. Alongside the experiments, simple computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models were used to simulate the pressure drop and heat transfer coefficients within EMMs. Finally, the Performance Efficiency Criterion (PEC) was applied to compare EMMs with other reactor packings.

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Qin, Xuebin, Fengming Liu, Zhongnan Qin, and Jay Rappaport. "Characterization of renal macrophage (RM) fate, dynamics, and niches: embryonic RMs are more sensitive to immune challenges than bone marrow-derived RMs." Journal of Immunology 204, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2020): 149.5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.149.5.

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Abstract Renal macrophages (RMs) participate in tissue homeostasis, inflammation, and repair. RMs consist of embryo-derived (EMRMs) and bone marrow-derived RMs (BMRMs), but the fate, dynamics, replenishment, functions, and metabolic states of the two RM populations remain unclear. Answering these questions will advance our understanding of the pathophysiological functions of tissue macrophages, in general, and RMs, in particular. To begin to address these important questions, we systematically investigated and functionally characterized RMs at different ages by conditionally labeling and ablating RM populations in several lines of transgenic mice. Here, we demonstrate: 1) RMs expand and mature in parallel with renal growth after birth; 2) RMs are mainly derived from fetal liver monocytes before birth, and self-maintain through adulthood with an approximately 40% contribution from peripheral monocytes; 3) After the RMs niche is emptied, peripheral monocytes rapidly differentiate into BMRMs, which preserve longevity; 4) The CX3CR1/CX3CL1 axis provides RMs niche signaling essential for the maintenance and regeneration of both EMRMs and BMRMs; 5) EMRMs have a higher capacity for scavenging immune complexes and are more sensitive to immune challenge than BMRMs; and 6) Differences in the glycolytic capacities of EMRMs and BMRMs correlate with distinct intrinsic functions and the response to immune challenge of the two RM populations.

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Gartshteyn, Y., M. Tamargo, S. Fleischer, T. Kapoor, J. Li, A. Askanase, R. Winchester, and L. Geraldino-Pardilla. "Endomyocardial biopsies in the diagnosis of myocardial involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus." Lupus 29, no. 2 (January 10, 2020): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961203319897116.

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Background Endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) is considered the gold standard for diagnosing myocardial involvement in most inflammatory conditions, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, EMBs are rarely performed, and most of the myocardial histopathology reports in SLE consist of postmortem data. We therefore sought to describe the histopathologic findings of contemporary EMBs in SLE performed in clinical practice. Methods A retrospective review of histopathology reports from SLE patients who underwent EMB from 1994 to 2017 was performed. A total of 41 SLE patients had cardiac pathology reports. Of these, 11 histopathology reports were EMBs, and the remaining were valvular specimens. Results A total of 11 SLE EMBs were reviewed. It was found that 45% of the patients had hypertension, 27% had coronary artery disease, 9% had hyperlipidemia, and 36% had end-stage renal disease. None had diabetes or smoked. The mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 37%. On histopathology, 10 had mild interstitial fibrosis, 9 had myocyte hypertrophy, 3 had organized blood clots, and 3 had a mild infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages without clear evidence of myocarditis. None had vasculitis, endocarditis, ischemia, amyloid deposition, or lamellar or curvilinear inclusions. Conclusion EMBs are rarely performed in SLE. In this case series, nonspecific interstitial fibrosis and myocyte hypertrophy were the most common findings, suggesting EMBs have limited value in the diagnosis of cardiac involvement in SLE and rather rule out competing conditions. These data support the need for diagnostic methods with high sensitivity and specificity for SLE heart disease.

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Amjad, Ghous, Sarvar Patel, Giuseppe Persiano, Kevin Yeo, and Moti Yung. "Dynamic Volume-Hiding Encrypted Multi-Maps with Applications to Searchable Encryption." Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2023, no. 1 (January 2023): 417–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.56553/popets-2023-0025.

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We study encrypted storage schemes where a client outsources data to an untrusted third-party server (such as a cloud storage provider) while maintaining the ability to privately query and dynamically update the data. We focus on encrypted multi-maps (EMMs), a structured encryption (STE) scheme that stores pairs of label and value tuples. EMMs allow queries on labels and return the associated value tuple. As responses are variable-length, EMMs are subject to volume leakage attacks introduced by Kellaris et al. [CCS'16]. To prevent these attacks, volume-hiding EMMs were introduced by Kamara and Moataz [Eurocrypt'19] that hide the label volumes (i.e., the value tuple lengths). As our main contribution, we present the first fully dynamic volume-hiding EMMs that are both asymptotically and concretely efficient. Furthermore, they are simultaneously forward and backward private which are the de-facto standard security notions for dynamic STE schemes. Additionally, we implement our schemes to showcase their concrete efficiency. Our experimental evaluations show that our constructions are able to add dynamicity with minimal to no additional cost compared to the prior best static volume-hiding schemes of Patel et al. [CCS'19].

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Ahmed, Kashif, and Ralf Bebenroth. "Acquisition Behavior of Emerging Versus Developed Market Multinationals." Organizations and Markets in Emerging Economies 10, no. 1 (May 28, 2019): 9–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/omee.2019.10.00001.

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The purpose of this paper is to investigate how emerging and developed market multinationals (EMMs and DMMs) differ in their acquisition behavior (vis-à-vis the choice of partial versus full acquisitions) when entering a developed market economy, Japan. We hypothesize that EMMs prefer partial acquisitions, whereas DMMs prefer full acquisitions due to what we call the country-of-origin effect. Additionally, we hypothesize that this country-of-origin effect is more pronounced for smaller firms. The results, based upon 224 strategic cross-border acquisitions in Japan, support these two hypotheses. This study contributes to the literature on EMMs.

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Wang, Xue Yao, Xue Zhi Wu, Sheng Dian Wang, Xiang Xu, and Yun Han Xiao. "Hydrodynamic Predictions of Dense Gas-Solids Flow in CFB Riser." Advanced Materials Research 516-517 (May 2012): 917–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.516-517.917.

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The flow character in riser is important for deep understanding the steady and high-efficient running of CFBs. In this paper, the 2D numerical simulation research for bench-scale circular cross-section riser based on EMMS methods is carried out. The solids’ transient moving profiles are captured. By analyzing the axial solids concentration profiles by simulation and experimental methods, the practicability of the EMMS model is verified.

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Apriasari, Maharani Laillyza, Dewi Puspitasari, Retno Pudji Rahayu, and Diah Savitri Ernawati. "The effect of musa acuminata stem in increasing macrophage and neovascular cells of healing process." Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry 30, no. 2 (July 31, 2018): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/pjd.vol30no2.18324.

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Introduction: Musa acuminata stem has both of imunostimulatory and imunosuppressant effects that are influenced by their concentrations. The study aimed to analyze the effect of Mauli banana stem extract (EMBS) to increase the number of macrophage and neovascular cells in traumatic ulcer healing. Methods: Rattus norvegicus of male Wistar strain were used as model of traumatic ulcer. The left buccal mucous was biopsied, then used the histopathology method to find the number of macrophage and neovascular cells. Results: EMBS gel was effected when administered at a concentration of 37.5% because it significantly increased the number of macrophage and neovascular cells in traumatic ulcer healing on the 3rd day to 5th days. Conclusion: It can be concluded that EMBS within concentration of 37.5% can accelerate ulcer healing through the increasing number of macrophage and neovascular cells.

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Kennedy, Robert, Louise Allcock, Louise Firth, and Anne Marie Power. "Preface-EMBS 2013." Marine Environmental Research 102 (December 2014): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2014.09.010.

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Heip, C. H. R., and P. H. Nienhuis. "Introduction EMBS symposium." Netherlands Journal of Sea Research 30 (December 1992): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0077-7579(92)90039-h.

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Barakat, R. R., T. A. Gilewski, L. Almadrones, P. E. Saigo, E. Venkatraman, C. Hudis, and W. J. Hoskins. "Effect of Adjuvant Tamoxifen on the Endometrium in Women With Breast Cancer: A Prospective Study Using Office Endometrial Biopsy." Journal of Clinical Oncology 18, no. 20 (October 20, 2000): 3459–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2000.18.20.3459.

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PURPOSE: To determine the frequency of developing abnormal pathologic changes in the endometria of tamoxifen-treated women. To characterize the type of pathologic changes involved. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between October 1991 and September 1998, 159 patients initiating tamoxifen therapy for breast cancer confined to the breast and axillary lymph nodes were entered in a prospective study. In this study, office endometrial biopsies (EMBs) were obtained during the initiation of tamoxifen and at 6-month intervals for a 2-year period. Three subsequent annual EMBs were recorded for each patient, amounting to a 5-year surveillance. RESULTS: One hundred fifty-nine patients with a median age of 50 years were entered onto study. Patients were assessable if EMBs were performed at least 1 year after the initiation of tamoxifen treatment. Nine patients (5.7%) were considered protocol violations. The remaining 111 assessable patients underwent a total of 635 EMBs (mean, 5.8 EMBs), with a median surveillance time of 36 months. Eighty-two (12.9%) of the 635 biopsies revealed tissue insufficient for diagnosis. Fourteen patients (12.6%) underwent dilation and curettage (D&C) for an abnormal EMB, persistent bleeding, or for evaluation of adnexal masses at the time of laparoscopy. Findings at D&C included complex hyperplasia (n = 1), abnormal histiocytes (n = 1), simple hyperplasia (n = 2), polyps (n = 4), endocervical polyp (n = 1), and decidualization (n = 2). Three D&Cs were negative. Three patients have undergone hysterectomy. CONCLUSION: EMB was used to monitor the endometrium in the majority (95%) of breast cancer patients on tamoxifen in this trial, but the utility of routine EMB for screening in tamoxifen-treated women seems limited.

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Redeker, Imke, Britta Siegmund, Kamran Ghoreschi, Uwe Pleyer, Johanna Callhoff, Falk Hoffmann, Ursula Marschall, et al. "The impact of extra-musculoskeletal manifestations on disease activity, functional status, and treatment patterns in patients with axial spondyloarthritis: results from a nationwide population-based study." Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease 12 (January 2020): 1759720X2097261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1759720x20972610.

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Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the association of extra-musculoskeletal manifestations (EMMs) with disease activity, functional status, and treatment patterns in a large population-based cohort of patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). Methods: A stratified random sample of patients with axSpA, drawn from health insurance data, received a survey on disease-related characteristics including history (ever presence) of the following EMMs: inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), psoriasis (PSO), and anterior uveitis (AU). Survey data were linked to health insurance data, gathering additional information on current occurrence (within one year) of EMMs and drug prescriptions. Separate multivariable linear regression models were calculated to determine the association of EMMs with disease activity (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index), and functional status (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index) after adjustment for relevant parameters, including treatment. Results: A total of 1729 patients with axSpA were included in the analyses (response: 47%; mean age: 56 years; 46% female) of whom 6% (9%) had current (ever) IBD, 10% (15%) had current (ever) PSO, and 9% (27%) had current (ever) AU. Ever presence of IBD and history of PSO were significantly associated with higher level of disease activity. Ever presence of PSO was also associated with higher level of functional impairment, whereas current AU was significantly associated with lower disease activity. Patients with current IBD or PSO received more frequently biological and conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs as well as systemic steroids. AU was associated with a higher use of conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs only. Conclusion: Disease activity is higher in patients with axSpA with history of IBD or history of PSO. Functional impairment is also higher in patients with axSpA with history of PSO. The presence of different EMMs was associated with different treatment patterns in axSpA.

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Ram, Monder, and David Smallbone. "Ethnic Minority Business Policy in the Era of the Small Business Service." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 20, no. 2 (April 2002): 235–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c0050.

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The advent of the Small Business Service (SBS) has been accompanied by a renewed interest in ethnic minority enterprise. The content, nature, and efficacy of engagement processes with ethnic minority business (EMB) are likely to be important criteria for the granting of local SBS franchises, if the support needs of EMBs are to be successfully identified and responded to in the light of community and socioeconomic differences. This imperative has thrown into sharp relief unarticulated assumptions upon which policy towards EMBs has been, or should be, constituted. A review of these policy questions, and an assessment of the way forward, is long overdue. This is the key aim of the paper. In addressing this task, the authors draw upon a range of recent and ongoing studies of different facets of EMB activity, focusing in particular on the policy dimension. The discussion is divided into three main sections. First, there is an assessment of the support needs of EMBs. A key question is the extent to which such businesses are distinct from the general small firm population; and whether differences can be attributed to other factors, such as size and sector. This issue has implications for the delivery of business services; in particular, should services be delivered within existing ‘mainstream’ business support institutions, or through agencies predicated upon notions of ethnic differentiation? Second, issues and lessons from previous policy initiatives are considered. In particular, the role of specialist agencies, urban regeneration initiatives, and business-led organisations are assessed. After considering issues emerging from extant studies, part three identifies elements for a more coherent policy towards EMBs. Such a policy should include: clearer objectives; placing support EMBs within mainstream provision; an engagement strategy; closer integration between business support and regeneration policies; better access to finance; and more client-focused business support.

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Fombad, Charles Manga. "Election Management Bodies (embs) in Eastern and Southern Africa: Some Reflections on their Legal Framework." African and Asian Studies 15, no. 2-3 (November 4, 2016): 289–335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692108-12341365.

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It is generally recognised that election management bodies (embs) constitute one of the most important institutions needed to sustain Africa’s fledgling transition to democratic and constitutional governance. They are needed to ensure that all political actors adhere to the rules of the electoral contest and that the outcome of elections are not predetermined and are based on free and fair processes that reflect the genuine will of the people. However, frequent incidents of post-election violence in which citizens question the role played by the embs in the last few years have raised many questions about their role, which has not been systematically and thoroughly investigated. This paper aims to take a critical look at the legal framework relating to the setting up and regulation of embs in a selected number of countries in the Eastern and Southern African region to see whether there is any possible connection between the manner in which they are structured and the effectiveness of their operations. Does the legal framework of an emb have anything to do with the acceptance or non-acceptance of the electoral results of elections organised by the emb? Are there any lessons that can be learnt by comparing the legal framework of the embs of countries where election results are generally accepted with that of countries where the announcement of election results have often provoked violence? The establishment of an emb is supposed to be a clear sign of a firm commitment by a country to constitutionalism and constitutional democracy. This does not always turn out to be so. From the comparative analysis of the experiences of the selected countries, this study will highlight some of the major lessons that can be drawn in designing embs in order to enhance their performance and credibility.

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Li, Jinghai, and Wenlai Huang. "From Multiscale to Mesoscience: Addressing Mesoscales in Mesoregimes of Different Levels." Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering 9, no. 1 (June 7, 2018): 41–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-060817-084249.

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This review covers three decades of research on mesoscale phenomena in chemical engineering, from the energy minimization multiscale (EMMS) model specific for gas–solid fluidization to a general principle of compromise in competition between dominant mechanisms, leading to the proposed concept of mesoscience. First, the concept of mesoscales is reviewed with respect to their commonality, diversity, and misunderstanding in different fields. Then, the evolution from the EMMS model to the EMMS principle common to all mesoscales is described to show the rationale of mesoscience referring to both mesoscales and mesoregimes. Finally, the potential universality of mesoscience and its importance, particularly to enable virtual process engineering (VPE) by realizing the consistency of logic and structure between the problem, the model, the software, and the computer, are discussed. The review concludes by illustrating possible case studies to collect more evidence and a potential framework for mesoscience.

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James, Toby S. "Better workers, better elections? Electoral management body workforces and electoral integrity worldwide." International Political Science Review 40, no. 3 (June 2019): 370–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192512119829516.

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Building better elections is a central task for the study of democracy and democratisation. Despite this, there have been no cross-national studies on the staff who manage and implement elections: electoral management body (EMB) workforces. This article provides the first macroscopic worldwide picture of workforce characteristics, human resource management practices and employee outcomes, and analyses the effects they have on electoral integrity, based on original international surveys of electoral management bodies (EMBs) ( n = 51) and electoral officials ( n = 2029). Drawing from the human resource management literature, a framework is developed to explain how these factors might interact with EMB performance. Analysis demonstrates them to be highly related. Adding data on human resource management practices and employee outcomes improves explanatory models designed to predict the performance of EMBs. Chiefly, EMBs that enable greater opportunities for employees to be involved in decision-making processes perform better. Recruitment practices, job satisfaction and levels of stress are also important.

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Journal articles on the topic 'EMBMS'

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