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Journal articles on the topic 'Embodied Energy (EE)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

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1

Wahyuni, Yuni Sri, and Dewi Larasati ZR. "Identifikasi Nilai Embodied Energy sebagai Upaya Mitigasi Energi dalam perencanaan Bangunan." Jurnal Lingkungan Binaan Indonesia 6, no. 1 (2017): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32315/jlbi.6.1.9.

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Siklus bangunan terdiri atas berbagai tahapan sepanjang daur hidup bangunan tersebut, dimana setiap tahapan mengandung kebutuhan energi yang menyertai aktivitasnya. Energi ini disebut Embodied Energy (EE). Nilai EE dapat menjadi dasar perhitungan potensi besaran Emission Carbon (EC) yang akan ditimbulkan suatu bangunan sehingga potensi dampak lingkungan akibat EC dapat diukur. Paper ini bertujuan menjelaskan hasil perhitungan EE material pada pembangunan perumahan sederhana di Indonesia. Harapannya adalah nilai EE ini dapat digunakan sebagai pertimbangan dalam upaya mitigasi energi, yang pada

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2

Dixit, M. K., P. Pradeep Kumar, and S. S. Shanbhag. "Analyzing embodied energy and embodied water for university buildings using input-output-based hybrid method." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1196, no. 1 (2023): 012047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1196/1/012047.

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Abstract Buildings present a unique opportunity to not just effectively decrease global energy use but also drastically reduce nearly 40% of global carbon emissions to help mitigate the ongoing climate change. Although most of the building energy use is attributed to building operations as operational energy (OE), a portion of it is termed embodied energy (EE) that is consumed in building construction, transportation, and material production activities. EE of a building, therefore, includes energy consumed directly in onsite and offsite construction and transportation and indirectly through ma

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3

Dixit, M. K., and P. Pradeep Kumar. "Analyzing Embodied Energy and Embodied Water of Construction Materials for an Environmentally Sustainable Built Environment." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1122, no. 1 (2022): 012045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1122/1/012045.

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Abstract Buildings consume over 40% of global energy in their construction and operations contributing to over 39% of global carbon emission each year. This huge environmental footprint presents an excellent opportunity to reduce energy use and help deliver an environmentally sustainable built environment. Most of the energy is consumed by buildings as embodied energy (EE) and operational energy (OE). EE is used directly and indirectly during buildings’ initial construction, maintenance and replacement, and demolition phases through construction products and services. OE is used in the process

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Dixit, M. K., and P. Pradeep Kumar. "Analyzing Temporal Changes in Initial and Recurrent Embodied Energy Using an Input-Output-based Hybrid method." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1176, no. 1 (2023): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1176/1/012015.

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Abstract Buildings consume over 40% of global energy annually in their initial construction and operation as embodied and operational energy, contributing to over 39% of global carbon emissions. Embodied energy (EE) is consumed directly in construction processes and indirectly using construction materials, each of which uses energy during its manufacturing. All direct and indirect embodied energies used in maintenance, repair, and replacement processes of buildings is termed recurrent embodied energy (REE). Because REE accrues over 50-100-year life cycle of buildings, it may be equal to, or mo

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Nwanya, S. C., and H. N. Ononiwu. "Issues and perspectives of capacity development in embodied energy indices for building materials sourced in Nigeria: A review." Nigerian Journal of Technology 39, no. 4 (2021): 1131–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v39i4.21.

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Embodied energy (EE) property of building material is a great determinant of the performance of a building. The dearth of information on EE of locally sourced building materials (LSBMs) constitutes a challenge to affordable housing in Nigeria. In this paper, a review of the previous literature, unfilled gaps in those works, and future directions in embodied energy research for LSBMs is presented to evolve a Nigerian perspective. A constructive non-meta analytic methodology was adopted for the paper. This was followed by classification and comparison of snapshot literature in the embodied energ

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Salehian, Sanaz, Muhammad Azzam Ismail, and Ati Rosemary Mohd Ariffin. "Assessment on Embodied Energy of Non-Load Bearing Walls for Office Buildings." Buildings 10, no. 4 (2020): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings10040079.

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Two important factors that have been put in the limelight in the current age are environmental concerns and sustainable future. The building sector has emerged as an important player in this matter due to their contribution into the large share of resources and energy consumption as well as harmful greenhouse gas emission. This paper discusses the percentage of embodied energy (EE) in two common building wall materials in Malaysia: steel and concrete. Concrete is used in concrete non-load bearing walls and steel is used to manufacture curtain walls. Although there are more materials used in th

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7

Wan Omar, Wan Mohd Sabki, Jeung Hwan Doh, and Kriengsak Panuwatwanich. "Variability in Embodied Energy and Carbon Intensities of Building Materials Using Hybrid LCA: Malaysian Experience." Applied Mechanics and Materials 699 (November 2014): 858–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.699.858.

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This paper empirically investigates the variations of embodied energy (EE) and carbon (EC) intensities of materials and identifies their parameter variations in hybrid life cycle assessment (LCA). These parameters include energy tariff, primary energy factor, disaggregation constant, emission factor, and price fluctuation. Hybrid LCA has been conducted to expand the system boundary by filling the gaps in traditional LCA data inventories. The Malaysian Input-Output (I-O) tables are used to derive indirect energy and carbon intensities which are then combined to take advantages of detailed proce

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Tennakoon, G. A., Anuradha Waidyasekara, and B. J. Ekanayake. "Revisiting the role of professionals in designing buildings with low embodied and operational energy." Built Environment Project and Asset Management 10, no. 1 (2019): 110–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bepam-01-2019-0009.

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Purpose Many studies have focused on embodied energy (EE) and operational energy (OE), but a shortage of studies on decision making, which involves several decision makers whose decisions can affect the energy performance of buildings, is evident. From the stages of the project life cycle, the design stage is identified as the ideal stage for integrating energy efficiency into buildings. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to revisit the role of professionals in designing energy-conscious buildings with low EE and OE. Design/methodology/approach This study administered a qualitative approa

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9

Haik, Rotem, Isaac A. Meir, and Alva Peled. "Lime Hemp Concrete with Unfired Binders vs. Conventional Building Materials: A Comparative Assessment of Energy Requirements and CO2 Emissions." Energies 16, no. 2 (2023): 708. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16020708.

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This work assesses the energy requirements and CO2 emissions of a building made of Lime Hemp Concrete (LHC) with alternative unfired binders as lime replacement, compared to buildings made of standard LHC, and several conventional building materials. The assessment is based on ISO 14040, which deals with Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), and examines two aspects: energy, including pre-use phase Embodied Energy (EE), and use phase Operational Energy (OE); and CO2 emissions, including pre-use phase Embodied Carbon (EC), and use phase Operational Carbon (OC). The EE and EC calculations are based on pu

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Dixit, M. K., and P. Pradeep Kumar. "Analyzing Water Use Embodied in the Initial Construction and Life Cycle Management of Healthcare Facilities." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1176, no. 1 (2023): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1176/1/012011.

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Abstract Most research on the environmental sustainability of buildings often centers on reducing energy use and may overlook an equally crucial aspect of freshwater use. Buildings consume 1/5th of global fresh water in their construction as embodied water (EW) that must be reduced for long-term sustainability. Like embodied energy (EE), the EW of a facility is composed of a direct component used in construction processes and an indirect component that includes water used in manufacturing construction materials. An equally important component rarely covered in EW calculations is the energy-rel

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Kooduvalli, Komal, John Unser, Soydan Ozcan, and Uday K. Vaidya. "Embodied Energy in Pyrolysis and Solvolysis Approaches to Recycling for Carbon Fiber-Epoxy Reinforced Composite Waste Streams." Recycling 7, no. 1 (2022): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/recycling7010006.

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Carbon fiber composites are increasingly used in aerospace, motorcycles, sporting, and high-performance vehicles, and their end of life recycling is of growing interest. This study deals with the life cycle assessment (LCA) of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) waste streams. The embodied energy (EE) of recycling CFRP via two viable methods—i.e., pyrolysis and solvolysis—is studied. Both pyrolysis and solvolysis were studied for EE with different variants. Alongside fiber recovery from CFRP, the pyrolysis process calculations consider energy recovery from syngas and oil produced within th

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Alvarez, Diego, Riko Kouda, Anh Dung Ho, and Tetsu Kubota. "Scenario analysis of embodied energy and CO2 emissions for multistory apartments in Indonesia." E3S Web of Conferences 396 (2023): 04015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339604015.

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Contribution in the building sector to the global warming can be tackled by diminishing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (mainly CO2) not only from operational energy but also from the embodied energy (EE) of construction materials. Harvested Wood Products (HWP) such as Cross Laminated Timber (CLT), Glued Laminated (Glulam) timber, among others, make multistorey wooden buildings possible. These wooden buildings could help to reduce EE and CO2 emissions significantly. A material flow analysis (MFA) using an I-O (Input-Output) table was used to compare three scenarios for an 8-story apartment buil

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Binow Bitar, Ana Luíza, Ivar Bergmans, and Michiel Ritzen. "Circular, biomimicry-based, and energy-efficient façade development for renovating terraced dwellings in the Netherlands." Journal of Facade Design and Engineering 10, no. 1 (2022): 75–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.47982/jfde.2022.1.04.

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Many studies concerning lowering the Operational Energy (OE) of existing dwellings have been conducted. However, those studies barely cover its collateral Embodied Energy (EE). As the Circular Economy is gaining momentum and the balance between OE and EE is shifting, the Life Cycle Energy Performance (LCEP) is becoming increasingly relevant as an indicator. LCEP accounts for all the OE and EE a building consumes during its lifespan. However, clear insights into the LCEP are still to be investigated. This study focuses on developing a circular and energy-efficient renovation solution for a comm

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Giordano, Roberto, Federica Gallina, and Benedetta Quaglio. "Analysis and Assessment of the Building Life Cycle. Indicators and Tools for the Early Design Stage." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (2021): 6467. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116467.

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Construction is a crucial sector in terms of worldwide environmental impacts. Building material production along with transport and demolition are no exception, because in the last decades, they have constantly increased their carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Actions and initiatives are therefore important to tackle the relationship between buildings and climate change. Particularly, it is necessary to develop Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) tools useful to calculate the environmental impact of buildings and to make them accessible to designers and stakeholders acting in the building sector. The ar

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15

Andrea, Maria Carolina da Silva, Thiago Libório Romanelli, and José Paulo Molin. "Energy flows in lowland soybean production system in Brazil." Ciência Rural 46, no. 8 (2016): 1395–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20151298.

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ABSTRACT: Soybean is the main product of Brazilian agribusiness, both production and income. Considering the increase in food and energy demand and the search for more sustainable production systems, this study aimed to analyze inputs and energy use of a possible area of expansion of soybean production: a system under sub irrigation management located in a lowland area of Cerrado biome, northern region of Brazil. Its environmental performance was compared to other Brazilian locations among them traditionally soybean producers. The evaluation and comparison was made through material and energy

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16

Khlifi, Fethi, Habib Cherif, and Jamel Belhadj. "Environmental and Economic Optimization and Sizing of a Micro-Grid with Battery Storage for an Industrial Application." Energies 14, no. 18 (2021): 5913. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14185913.

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This study focuses on the sizing and optimization of a micro-grid with storage, which is destined to supply the load of an economic activity zone (EAZ) in Sidi Bouzid, Tunisia. To solve this problem, a genetic algorithm is established and programmed into MATLAB. The objective functions are considered by providing three minimums, namely Greenhouse Gas emissions (GHG), Life Cycle Cost (LCC) and Embodied Energy (EE), for three values of loss of power supply probability (LPSP) previously fixed. The sizing and optimization results are found and evaluated using a time series exchange of energy durin

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17

Russo, Sofia, Alicia Valero, Antonio Valero, and Marta Iglesias-Émbil. "Exergy-Based Assessment of Polymers Production and Recycling: An Application to the Automotive Sector." Energies 14, no. 2 (2021): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14020363.

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In the last century, the economic growth has been accompanied by a worldwide diffusion of polymers for multiple applications. However, there is a growing attention to the environmental pollution and energy consumption linked to the unconditional use of plastic. In the present work, exergy is used as a measure of the resource consumption during the life cycle of polymers. Nine commercially diffused polymers are chosen, and their production chains are identified according to the “grave to cradle” approach. The global Embodied Exergy (EE) is calculated as the sum of the contribution of each step

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18

Faridmehr, Iman, Ghasan Fahim Huseien, and Mohammad Hajmohammadian Baghban. "Evaluation of Mechanical and Environmental Properties of Engineered Alkali-Activated Green Mortar." Materials 13, no. 18 (2020): 4098. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13184098.

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Currently, alkali-activated binders using industrial wastes are considered an environmentally friendly alternative to ordinary Portland cement (OPC), which contributes to addressing the high levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and enlarging embodied energy (EE). Concretes produced from industrial wastes have shown promising environmentally-friendly features with appropriate strength and durability. From this perspective, the compressive strength (CS), CO2 emissions, and EE of four industrial powder waste materials, including fly ash (FA), palm oil fly ash (POFA), waste ceramic powder (WCP

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19

Xie, Hui, Yajing Li, Ercan Kahya, Bo Wang, Xiyun Ge, and Guanda Li. "Physical Properties and Environmental Impact of Sound Barrier Materials Based on Fly Ash Cenosphere." Buildings 12, no. 3 (2022): 322. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12030322.

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Traffic noise and solid waste pollution are two major problems that restrict urban development and affect urban environments. In this study, a new kind of cement-based material for sound barriers was prepared using industrial waste fly ash cenosphere to explore the material ratio of the sound absorption, sound insulation, and composite layers and to optimize the material’s properties. The research findings showed that the compressive strength had significant effects on the material properties of the sound absorption layer, with the optimal compressive strength range being 0.2–0.4 MPa. At 0.4 M

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20

Hernández, Héctor, Felipe Ossio, and Michael Silva. "Assessment of Sustainability and Efficiency Metrics in Modern Methods of Construction: A Case Study Using a Life Cycle Assessment Approach." Sustainability 15, no. 7 (2023): 6267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15076267.

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The construction industry faces various sustainability challenges, and modern methods of construction (MMC) have been promoted as an effective alternative to mitigate environmental impact and improve productivity. However, to gain a thorough understanding of the benefits, there is a need for more objective data. To address this, the present study employs a simplified life-cycle assessment (LCA) methodology to evaluate a set of environmental and efficiency metrics in a case study. The study aims to demonstrate the benefits of using an MMC known as the “VAP system” by comparing it with its conve

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Faridmehr, Iman, Moncef L. Nehdi, Mehdi Nikoo, Ghasan Fahim Huseien, and Togay Ozbakkaloglu. "Life-Cycle Assessment of Alkali-Activated Materials Incorporating Industrial Byproducts." Materials 14, no. 9 (2021): 2401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14092401.

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Eco-friendly and sustainable materials that are cost-effective, while having a reduced carbon footprint and energy consumption, are in great demand by the construction industry worldwide. Accordingly, alkali-activated materials (AAM) composed primarily of industrial byproducts have emerged as more desirable alternatives to ordinary Portland cement (OPC)-based concrete. Hence, this study investigates the cradle-to-gate life-cycle assessment (LCA) of ternary blended alkali-activated mortars made with industrial byproducts. Moreover, the embodied energy (EE), which represents an important paramet

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Deng, Ziming, Zhangfeng Yang, Jin Bian, et al. "Engineering Properties of PVA Fibre-Reinforced Geopolymer Mortar Containing Waste Oyster Shells." Materials 15, no. 19 (2022): 7013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15197013.

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Recycling crushed waste oyster shells (WOS) as a fine aggregate is an attractive method of disposal. However, its use in geopolymer mortar has not been reported. The influence of PVA fibres on the engineering properties of the new geopolymer mortar is still unclear. To bridge the gap, this study investigated the influence of various PVA fibre contents (0–1.05 vol%) on the flowability, compressive, flexural strengths, drying shrinkage, sorptivity, chloride resistance, porosity, fibre dispersion, embodied CO2 emissions (ECO2e), and embodied energy (EE) of the geopolymer mortar. The results indic

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Biondi, Alfonso, and Enrico Sciubba. "Extended Exergy Analysis (EEA) of Italy, 2013–2017." Energies 14, no. 10 (2021): 2767. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14102767.

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In recent years, many studies have been published on the applications of exergy analyses to complex systems, including entire countries. Oddly, the results, although consistent, appear to lead to divergent conclusions. The underlying problem is that in a “pure” thermodynamic analysis, the so-called “externalities”, i.e., labor, capital, and environmental costs, are often neglected or only approximately included in the picture. In 1998, an extension of the theory that included the exergy content of the externalities was introduced, called “extended exergy accounting” (EEA). Its novelty consiste

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Tajuddeen, Ibrahim, Seyed Masoud Sajjadian, and Mina Jafari. "Regression Models for Predicting the Global Warming Potential of Thermal Insulation Materials." Buildings 13, no. 1 (2023): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13010171.

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The impacts and benefits of thermal insulations on saving operational energy have been widely investigated and well-documented. Recently, many studies have shifted their focus to comparing the environmental impacts and CO2 emission-related policies of these materials, which are mostly the Embodied Energy (EE) and Global Warming Potential (GWP). In this paper, machine learning techniques were used to analyse the untapped aspect of these environmental impacts. A collection of over 120 datasets from reliable open-source databases including Okobaudat and Ecoinvent, as well as from the scientific l

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Kuété, Martial Aimé, Pascal Van Velthem, Wael Ballout, et al. "Eco-Friendly Blends of Recycled PET Copolymers with PLLA and Their Composites with Chopped Flax Fibres." Polymers 15, no. 14 (2023): 3004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15143004.

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The structure and properties of blends of a novel polyethylene terephthalate copolymer (COPET) obtained by chemical recycling of commercial PET with high-molar-mass poly-L-lactide (PLLA) are investigated and compared to corresponding composites with chopped flax fibres. The focus is on the morphology at nano- and micro-scales, on the thermal characteristics and on the mechanical behaviour. The blends are immiscible, as evidenced by virtually unchanged glass transition temperatures of the blend components compared to the neat polymers (49 °C for COPET and 63 °C for PLLA by DSC). At low PLLA con

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Al-Subari, Lutf, Noor Ahmad Yaqubi, Onur Selcukhan, and Abdullah Ekinci. "Environmental and economical assessment of earth-retaining walls for design optimization." Environmental Geotechnics, May 9, 2022, 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/jenge.21.00151.

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The construction sector is one of the major contributors to global warming. This study aims to present a simplified method of evaluating the environmental impacts through the embodied energy (EE) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions associated with earth-retaining walls (ERWs). The study considers a real case of slope movement caused fractures of a structure where four different types of ERWs were proposed to stabilise the slope. Moreover, an economical assessment of the selected ERWs is introduced. Recycled materials are also investigated as sustainable replacements of the natural materials. Th

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27

Tokede, Olubukola, Mani Kumar Boggavarapu, and Sam Wamuziri. "Assessment of building retrofit scenarios using embodied energy and life cycle impact assessment." Built Environment Project and Asset Management, June 27, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bepam-07-2022-0103.

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PurposeCrucial transition of the Indian residential building sector into a low-emission economy require an in-depth understanding of the potentials for retrofitting the existing building stock. There are, however, limited studies that have recognised the interdependencies and trade-offs in the embodied energy and life cycle impact assessment of retrofit interventions. This research appraises the life cycle assessment and embodied energy output of a residential building in India to assess the environmental implications of selected retrofit scenarios.Design/methodology/approachThis study utilise

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28

Wandahl, Soren, Christina T. Pérez, Stephanie Salling, Hasse H. Neve, Jon Lerche, and Steffen Petersen. "The Impact of Construction Labour Productivity on the Renovation Wave." Construction Economics and Building 21, no. 3 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ajceb.v21i3.7688.

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The European Green Deal's Renovation Wave aims to renovate 35 million energy-inefficient buildings to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by at least 55% by 2030. Historically, efforts to reduce CO2 emissions focused on Operational Energy (OE) of the finished buildings. However, in recent years the Embodied Energy (EE) of the building’s construction process has gained attention because of its essential role in construction renovations projects. In this context, construction efficiency, and more precisely, workers’ efficiency, is a vital catalyst to achieve the European Union (EU) targets. To

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Kern, Andrea Parisi, Renata Postay, Eduardo Reuter Schneck, Mauricio Mancio, Marco Aurélio Stumpf González, and Georgio Guerra. "Cost and environmental impacts reduction through building compactness." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-03-2020-0147.

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PurposeThe central motivation for this study was to examine alternatives against the apartment area reduction as a safe way to reduce construction costs, adopted by many construction companies. From the building economic compactness index concept, it was studied the cost and environmental impacts (material consumption, embodied energy – EE and CO2 emission).Design/methodology/approachThe research strategy takes advantage of a case study aiming to investigate the relation between design characteristics related to area (m²) and building economic compactness index (%) with cost (Research Stage 1)

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