Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Embolie pulmonaire – Facteurs de risque'
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Le, Gal Grégoire. "Apport de la clinique pour le diagnostic d'embolie pulmonaire." Brest, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BRES3204.
Full textPulmonary embolism (PE) is a frequent disease. PE is a regularly lethal condition if untreated, but its treatment is long and requires close monitoring. For these reasons, diagnostic certainty is mandatory. The diagnosis of PE is difficult because clinical signs lack of sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore, a previous evaluation of the clinical probability of PE is needed to correctly interpret me results of diagnostic tests. The first part of this work focuses on the diagnostic value of clinical data obtained from medical history and physical examination in patients with suspected PE. We determined the sensitivity and specificity of each sign and estimated their positive and negative likelihood ratio for the diagnosis of PE, Diagnostic value of a new clinical sign was assessed: the presence of a chest pain reproduced by chest palpation. Ln the second part, we report on the construction of a clinical prediction rule for PE, entirely based on simple clinical criteria and allowing to estimate the clinical probability of PE by a standardized way: the revised Geneva score. The score was built based on the data obtained in a cohort of 965 consecutive patients with a suspicion of PE, and a posteriori validated in a different collective of 756 patients. It received final validation in a randomized controlled trial that included 1814 patients. We assessed the reproducibility of the criteria included in the score, and the safety of a diagnostic strategy based on te clinical probability as determined by this score
Lapostolle, Frédéric. "Embolies pulmonaires et voyages aériens." Paris 13, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA132012.
Full textIntroduction. A relation between air travel and thromboembolic events has been suggested since 1954 but never demonstrated. Methods. Patients with pulmonary embolism managed by the SAMU 93 at Roissy-Charles-de-Gaulle Airport, since 1993 have been studied. Results. Data analysis leaeded to the conclusion that: • There is a relation between the distance travelled and incidence of pulmonary embolism. This incidence was of 0. 4 case per million passengers (56 patients among 135 million passengers). It increased for travelled distance exceeding 5,000 km and reached 4. 8 cases per million for travelexceeding 10,000 km. • There is specific risk related to gender. Using Bayesian model we calculated an incidence of 0. 6 case per millions for females and 0. 2 for males, reaching, respectively 7. 2 and 2. 3 cases per million passengers for travels exceeding 10,000 km. • Description of clinical feature summarized as the « jetway syndrome ». Symptoms occurred when the patients stand-up of made his first walks, i. E. On the jetway, in 88% of the cases. 99% of the patients had severe pulmonary embolism. • Remarkable clinical features : o Patients with associated stroke, due to paradoxical embolism. O Patients with cardiac arrest treated with surgical embolectomy whose histological clot examination revealed recent thrombi. Conclusion. These results contribute to a better understanding of thromboembolic events associated with air travel, crucial step toward early diagnostic and development of prophylactic strategies
Lafargue, Frédérique. "Evaluation d'une nouvelle méthode de dosage de D. Dimères et intérêt dans le dépistage de l'embolie pulmonaire et des thromboses veineuses profondes." Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR2P045.
Full textTromeur, Cécile. "Etude des facteurs de risque cliniques de maladie veineuse thromboembolique chez les femmes : implication sur la réduction des risques liées à la stratégie diagnostique de l'embolie pulmonaire chez les femmes enceintes." Thesis, Brest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BRES0021/document.
Full textIntroduction : The diagnostic strategy for PE during pregnancy is uncertain due to the lack of high quality studies and the risk of radiation exposure with computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) and ventilationperfusion (V-Q) lung scan. The challenge is to validate diagnostic strategies, and to identify predictive factors to reduce the number of additional imaging tests with radiation exposure.First, we aim to identify pitfalls during the diagnostic strategy of PE (the D-dimer assay threshold, clinical probability scores, imaging) during pregnancy. Second, our objective was to compare the diagnostic efficiency of CTPA and (V-Q) lung scan during pregnancy.Third, our objective was to validate a diagnostic strategy wich reduces the number of imaging tests (adjustment of the D-dimer level on the clinical probability). Finally, the last objective was to set up a research program focused on the weight of the family history of MVTE, that may also reduce the need of additional tests. Conclusion : We identified an ongoing validation protocol with a new diagnostic algorithm in pregnant patients withPE suspicion ; Furthermore, identifying a D-dimer level adjustement as well as a family history of VTE can lead tomore effective diagnostic stragegies with less radiation exposure for pregnant women with suspected PE
Buchmuller, Andrea. "Elaboration et mise en place d'un essai multicentrique de phase III : l'exemple de l'essai PREPIC (Prévention du risque d'embolie pulmonaire par interruption cave)." Saint-Etienne, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993STET6225.
Full textTouko, Jean-Claude. "Intérêt du registre de non-inclusion dans les essais thérapeutiques : l'exemple de l'essai PREPIC (Prévention du risque d'embolie pulmonaire par interruption cave)." Saint-Etienne, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STET6232.
Full textBRUNNER, FREDERIQUE. "Evaluation du risque d'embolie pulmonaire lie au traitement thrombolytique in situ des thromboses veineuses profondes." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO1M139.
Full textDEVILLARD, ANNE. "Coordination et suivi d'un essai multicentrique de phase iii : l'exemple de l'essai prepic (prevention du risque d'embolie pulmonaire par interruption cave)." Saint-Etienne, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993STET6226.
Full textAly, Jean-François, and Chantal Marie. "Facteurs étiologiques des accidents vasculaires cérébraux ischémiques." Caen, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CAEN3080.
Full textGonedec, Fabienne. "Evaluation des facteurs de risque professionnels du cancer broncho-pulmonaire primitif : étude cas-témoin." Rouen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ROUEM052.
Full textMarquis, Karine. "Facteurs de risque de la maladie cardiovasculaire chez les patients atteints d'une maladie pulmonaire obstructive chronique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25524/25524.pdf.
Full textAstruc, Hervé Jean-Pierre. "Syndromes lymphoprolifératifs EBV-induits dans la transplantation pulmonaire : à propos de huit observations." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR2M100.
Full textBoussuges, Alain. "Maladie de décompression : modifications hématologiques et détection des bulles circulantes." Aix-Marseille 2, 1998. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/1998AIX20669.pdf.
Full textBetter knowledge of the nitrogen supersaturation and desaturation phenomenoms together with their circulatory and biological consequences would be necessary for a better analysis of the physiopathology of the decompression illness (DCI). In this aim, we studied some parameters which could modify the production of nitrogen circulating bubbles, as an indice of nitrogen supersaturation. We demonstrated a lower circulating bubbles grade, following SCUBA dive with a lower ascent rate. We did not detect circulating bubbles after repeated and deep breath-hold living in underwater fishing divers. During those experimentations, continuous Doppler with blind positionning of the transducer appeared limited because of poor signal quality, in some subjects. In consequence, we developped a new method for the detection of circulating bubbles, which associates two-dimensionnal (2D) echocardiography and pulsed Doppler guided by 2D echocardiography. We performed a comparative study with the traditionnal continuous Doppler and we validated its performance. We think that this method for the detection of venous gas bubbles can also be proposed to critically ill patients suspected of iatrogenic venous gas embolism. Nitrogen supersaturation and desaturation phenomens may not resume DCI. We retrospectively analysed the clinical manifestations of an important population of patients victims of neurological decompression illness and we elaborated a gravity score of neurological DCI, which is necessary to allow comparaison of cohorts of patients. This first study underligned the difficulty to appreciate the individual severity with the only initial clinical signs. The venous haematocrit level may be another biological indice of severity as we demonstrated a correlation between an high haematocrit level and persistent neurological sequelae. At the contrary, we did not found any association between the severity of an accident and the activation of the coagulation
Fablet, Christelle. "Épidémiologie de la pathologie pulmonaire chez le porc en croissance : identification de facteurs de risque et perspectives pour la prévention." Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1S044.
Full textRespiratory diseases are a major health issue for pigs reared under confined conditions in intensive systems worldwide. Pneumonia and pleuritis are the two most frequent lung alterations. The aetiology of these diseases is complex and multifactorial. A better knowledge of the epidemiology of lung diseases is needed to implement adequate control strategies. The aim of the present work is to identify herd-factors associated with lung diseases, particularly pneumonia and pleuritis in slaughtered pigs from farrow-to-finish farms. Two preliminary observational studies were carried out to assess the relevance of different sampling methods to determine the infectious status of the pigs and to identify the category of pigs which must be sampled in a further analytical study. In a second step, a cross-sectional study was carried out in 143 herds to identify the risk factors for pneumonia and pleuritis. Infectious and noninfectious factors were founded to be associated with lung diseases. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, H1N1 subtype of swine influenza viruses are the major pathogens involved in pneumonia whereas Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the main agent associated with pleuritis. Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus acts on both types of lung lesions. Noninfectious factors related to management and husbandry practices, hygiene and housing conditions are also involved in pneumonia and pleuritis. All these results would be helpful to define appropriate herd health management programmes targeting the reduction of respiratory disease incidence
Marazanof, Marc. "Anévrysmes du septum interauriculaire en échographie transœsophagienne : étude multicentrique française." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR23014.
Full textFraboulet, Ronan. "L'embolie gazeuse au peroxyde d'hydrogène : à propos de trois cas. Revue de la littérature." Bordeaux 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR2M021.
Full textLaviolette, Louis. "Les femmes et la maladie pulmonaire obstructive chronique (MPOC)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23752/23752.pdf.
Full textDault, Roxanne. "Portrait de l’usage des anticoagulants et facteurs associés au choix de ceux-ci pour le traitement de la thromboembolie veineuse." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/7594.
Full textEmam, Mohammed. "Prédiction des facteurs de risque conduisant à l’emphysème chez l’homme par utilisation de techniques diagnostiques." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112081/document.
Full textChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) refers to a group of lung diseases that block airflow and make it increasingly difficult for you to breathe. Emphysema and chronic bronchitis are the two main conditions that make up COPD, but COPD can also refer to damage caused by chronic asthmatic bronchitis. Pulmonary emphysema is defined as a lung disease characterized by “abnormal enlargement of the air spaces distal to the terminal, non-respiratory bronchiole, accompanied by destructive changes of the alveolar walls”. These lung parenchymal changes are pathognomonic for emphysema. Chronic bronchitis is a form of bronchitis characterized by excess production of sputum leading to a chronic cough and obstruction of air flow. In all cases, damage to your airways eventually interferes with the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in your lungs. Habitual techniques of emphysema’s diagnosis are based on indirect features, such as clinical examination; Pulmonary Function Tests (PFT) and subjective visual evaluation of CT scans. These tests are of limited value in assessing mild to moderate emphysema. The presented work discusses the possibility of applying a nonlinear analysis approach on air density distribution within lung airways tree at any level of branching. Computed Tomography (CT) source images of the lung are subjected to two phases of treatment in order to produce a fractal coefficient of the air density distribution. In the first phase, raw pixel values from source images, corresponding to all possible air densities, are processed by a software tool, developed in order to, construct a product image. This is done through Cascading Elimination of Unwanted Elements (CEUE): a preprocessing analysis step of the source image. It identifies values of air density within the airways tree, while eliminating all non-air-density values. Then, during the second phase, in an iterative manner, a process of Resolution Diminution Iterations (RDI) takes place. Every resolution reduction produces a new resultant histogram. A resultant histogram is composed of a number of peaks, each of which corresponding to a cluster of air densities. A curve is plotted for each resolution reduction versus the number of peaks counted at this particular resolution. It permits the calculation of the fractal dimension from the regression slope of log-log power law plot
Couraud, Sébastien. "Le cancer broncho-pulmonaire du non-fumeur : un modèle pour le diagnostic non-invasif des biomarqueurs tumoraux et l'évaluation de leurs interactions avec l'exposition aux facteurs de risque." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10007/document.
Full textLung cancer in never smokers (LCINS) is considered as a separate entity given its epidemiological specificities. It is also a very interesting template to assess alternative risk factors for lung cancers than tobacco smoking. However, there is very little non-Asian data about this particular topic. The BioCAST / IFCT1002 study is a prospective, nationwide, and multi-centric epidemiological study. Its main objective was to describe a French population of lung cancers in lifelong never smokers (less than 100 cigarette during all lifetime); with a special focus on molecular somatic profile and risk-factors exposure. Secondary objectives were to assess the interaction between risk-factor exposure and molecular profile; and to use this particular cohort to develop a multiplex test for non-invasive diagnosis of tumor mutations in circulating free DNA. Overall, 384 patients were recruited in the cohort. Two-third were exposed to passive smoking (mainly women and in domestic setting). By contrast, 35% of men were definitely exposed to occupational carcinogens versus 8% of women. Finally, 72% were found with a somatic mutation, mainly in the EGFR gene (51% of the whole population). Gender or exposure to risk factors such as passive smoking, occupational exposure, or hormonal status in women, were not significantly associated with a specific and/or clinically meaningful molecular profile in tumor. These findings should be interpreted with caution given that some subgroups were small and/or with many simultaneous exposures. However, exposure to asbestos and/or silica was significantly associated to a decreased risk for EGFR mutation. On the pilot study (n=106), circulating free DNA was associated with tumor burden. The multiplex diagnosis (12 amplicons on 5 genes) by next-generation sequencing was feasible and gave encouraging results in stage 4 patients (67% sensitivity, 73% concordance rate). LCINS is an interesting entity for the study of non-tobacco-related cancer risk factors; or to optimize liquid biopsy strategy
"Facteurs de risque de la maladie cardiovasculaire chez les patients atteints d'une maladie pulmonaire obstructive chronique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25524/25524.pdf.
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