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Journal articles on the topic 'Embryo lethal'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 February 2022

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1

Williams, C. G., L. D. Auckland, M. M. Reynolds, and K. A. Leach. "Overdominant lethals as part of the conifer embryo lethal system." Heredity 91, no. 6 (2003): 584–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.hdy.6800354.

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2

Williams, Claire G. "Re-thinking the embryo lethal system within the Pinaceae." Canadian Journal of Botany 85, no. 7 (2007): 667–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b07-056.

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Outcrossing, wind-pollinated members of the Pinaceae have high self-pollination rates yet produce few selfed seedlings. How are selfs selectively eliminated? Barriers to selfing have long been considered to be (i) avoidance of self-pollen capture, (ii) competition via simple polyembryony, and (iii) lower viability of selfed embryos. Here, reviews — and some revisions — are offered in addition to future research needs. First, avoiding self-pollen capture is largely ineffectual. Second, simple polyembrony is also a weak or nonexistent barrier against selfed embryos. Third, selfed embryos die at

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3

Rahman, MS, LC Yuen, and NNRN Hasan. "In ovo exposure of Eurycoma longifolia extract on the pre-hatched development of chicken embryo." Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science 45, no. 2 (2016): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v45i2.29806.

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This study was conducted to investigate the effects of in ovo administration of Eurycoma longifolia (Tongkat Ali) extract (TAE) on the survivability and pre hatch development of chicken embryo. A dose response study of 0.1 mg, 1 mg and 10 mg TAE/100g egg on embryo survivability during first 5 days of incubation showed that the 0.1 to 1mg exposures had no effect on embryo survivability, and the lethal dose to kill 50% (LD50) was at around 10 mg. The 0.1 mg exposure was found to be non-lethal to the developing embryo until 19th day of incubation and it also enhanced (p<0.05) the somite develo

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4

Clark, A. G., and D. H. Bueschkens. "Response of the chick embryo to live and heat-killedCampylobacter jejuniinjected into the yolk sac." Epidemiology and Infection 103, no. 3 (1989): 577–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800030971.

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SUMMARYGraded doses of live and heat-killed cells ofCampylobacter jejuniwere injected into the yolk-sac of 5-day-old chick embryos, and the 50% lethal dose (LD50) was determined 7 days later. A strain dependent virulence was seen. In the diluted series of cultures the LD50values for live campylobacter ranged from 106c.f.u. beyond the last dilution showing growth, that is to less than one organism per embryo. When the 22 strains were tested as heat-killed cells, the chick embryo LD50values retained the same relative order of toxicity obtained with viable cells, but the LD50values were increased

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5

Wallace, H. "Abortive development in the crested newt Triturus cristatus." Development 100, no. 1 (1987): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.100.1.65.

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Crested newts exhibit a balanced lethal system which causes development to abort in 50% of tailbud embryos. The main features of arrested embryos are described, shown to be constant in a range of culture conditions and found to be unchanged by parabiosis or extirpation of the central nervous system or heart. Two categories of abortive embryos can be distinguished in some spawnings. A corresponding segregation of an easily identified marker chromosome confirms previous reports that chromosome 1 carries the recessive lethal factors. The marker chromosome is tentatively associated with the bliste

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6

Pérez-Márquez, Víctor, Alma Pérez-Méndez, Jorge Ibarra-Caballero, et al. "Secreted Proteins ofAvibacterium paragallinarumAre Lethal for Chicken Embryo." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1149, no. 1 (2008): 380–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1196/annals.1428.007.

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7

Cho, Jae-Gu, Kyung-Tae Kim, Tae-Kwon Ryu, et al. "Stepwise Embryonic Toxicity of Silver Nanoparticles onOryzias latipes." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/494671.

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The developmental toxicity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was investigated following exposure ofOryzias latipes(medaka) embryos to 0.1−1 mg/L of homogeneously dispersed AgNPs for 14 days. During this period, developmental endpoints, including lethality, heart rate, and hatching rate, were evaluated by microscopy for different stages of medaka embryonic development. To compare toxic sensitivity, acute adult toxicity was assessed. There was no difference in acute lethal toxicity between embryo and adult medaka. Interestingly, we found that the increase in stepwise toxicity was dependent on the

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8

Wijaya, Romel Ciptoadi. "LETHAL CONCENTRATION 50% OF PATCHOULI OIL (Pogostemon cablin) TOWARDS ZEBRAFISH EMBRYO (Danio rerio)." Herb-Medicine Journal 3, no. 2 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/hmj.v3i2.6360.

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Preface :Patchouli Oil requires toxicity testing for safety before we can use it widely. It causes side effects such as nausea, vomiting and loss of appetite in some people. Determination of lethal concentration 50% (LC50) in the early stages of zebrafish embryos development will provide an easier, faster and precise prediction of toxicity. At a certain dose, it can cause impairment and death toward organisms. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine LC50 of Patchouli Oil in carboximethyl cellulose emulsifier towards zebrafish embryo (Danio rerio).Method :Laboratory experimental study

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9

Clark, J. K., and W. F. Sheridan. "Characterization of the two maize embryo-lethal defective kernel mutants rgh*-1210 and fl*-1253b: effects on embryo and gametophyte development." Genetics 120, no. 1 (1988): 279–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/120.1.279.

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Abstract We have examined the effects on embryonic and gametophytic development of two nonallelic defective-kernel mutants of maize. Earlier studies indicated that both mutants are abnormal in embryonic morphogenesis as well as in the formation of their endosperm. Mutant rgh*-1210 embryos depart from the normal embryogenic pathway at the proembryo and transition stage, by developing meristematic lobes and losing bilateral symmetry. They continue growth as irregular cell masses that enlarge and become necrotic. Somatic embryos arising in rgh*-1210 callus cultures display the rgh*-1210 mutant ph

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10

Williams, Claire G., Yi Zhou, and Sarah E. Hall. "A Chromosomal Region Promoting Outcrossing in a Conifer." Genetics 159, no. 3 (2001): 1283–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/159.3.1283.

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Abstract Prefertilization mechanisms influencing selfing rates are thought to be absent in conifers. Outcrossing in conifers is promoted via an embryo-lethal system, but the genetic mechanism is poorly understood. This study is the first experimental profile of the genetic mechanism promoting outcrossing in conifers. Molecular dissection of a Pinus taeda L. selfed pedigree detected a chromosomal region identified as PtTX3020-RPtest9. Within this region, a semilethal factor was tightly linked (r = 0.0076) to a polymorphic expressed sequence tag (EST). The linkage group flanking the lethal facto

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11

Pantiukh, K. S., I. V. Rukin, S. V. Portnov, A. Khatib, S. V. Panteleev, and A. M. Mazur. "The use of whole genome amplification for genomic evaluation of bovine embryos." Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding 23, no. 4 (2019): 489–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/vj19.518.

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The integration of high technologies into livestock production has been actively occurring in the last decade in the countries with a developed animal breeding. First of all, we are talking about reproductive technologies (IVF) and genomic technologies (general genomic evaluation of animal and genomic evaluation of breeding value). Combining reproductive and genomic technologies is a promising approach that allows receiving highquality breeding cattle in the shortest possible time. The basis of the proposed technology for accelerated reproduction of high-value breeding cattle is to obtain info

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12

Becker, David L., Catherine Leclerc-David, and Anne Warner. "The relationship of gap junctions and compaction in the preimplantation mouse embryo." Development 116, Supplement (1992): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.116.supplement.113.

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In the mouse embryo, gap junctions first appear at the 8-cell stage as compaction is about to take place. Compaction of the embryo is important for the differentiation of the first two cell types; the inner cell mass and the trophectoderm. Our studies examine the contribution of gap junctional communication at this stage of development We have characterised the normal sequence of appearance of gap junction protein and its distribution. The extent of communication as shown by the passage of dye between cells has been recorded in both normal embryos and embryos treated with drugs that influence

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13

Croteau, S., and Y. Menezo. "Methylation in fertilised and parthenogenetic preimplantation mouse embryos." Zygote 2, no. 1 (1994): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199400001751.

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SummaryDNA methylation is one of the proposed biochemical mechanisms involved in cell differentiation and in genomic imprinting, and DNA methyltransferase (DMT) is a key enzyme in the embryo since mutation of its gene is lethal early in development. In order to verify that non-viability of uniparental embryos was not due to a defect in the regulation of DMT activity, we compared the metabolism of methylation in parthenogenetic embryos (maternal genome) and in fertilised embryos (maternal and paternal genomes). As regards total methylation, estimated by a measure of S-adenosyl methionine (SAM)

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14

West, John D., Jean H. Flockhart, Josephine Peters, and Simon T. Ball. "Death of mouse embryos that lack a functional gene for glucose phosphate isomerase." Genetics Research 56, no. 2-3 (1990): 223–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672300035321.

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SummaryA null allele of theGpi-1sstructural gene, that encodes glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI-1;E.C.5.3.1.9), arose in a mutation experiment and was designatedGpi-1sa-m1H. The viability of homozygotes has been investigated. No offspring homozygous for the null allele were produced by intercrossing two heterozygotes, so the homozygous condition was presumed to be embryonic lethal. Embryos were produced by crossingGpi-1sa/null heterozygous females andGpi-1sb/null heterozygous males. Homozygous null embryos were identified at different stages of development by electrophoresis and staining eithe

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15

Zúñiga-Vega, J. Jaime, Patricia Frías-Alvarez, and Gabriela Parra-Olea. "UV-B radiation severely affects embryo development in the Mexican axolotl." Animal Biology 60, no. 3 (2010): 299–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157075610x516510.

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AbstractAmphibians are greatly affected by diversity loss and recent declines in amphibian populations are well documented. One of the proposed causes of such declines, UV-B radiation, has been reported to induce lethal and sub-lethal effects on different ontogenetic phases of development. Of these phases, the embryo stage is likely the most vulnerable. We used an experimental approach to test for the effects of UV-B radiation on embryo development of the Mexican axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum. Recently, its natural populations experienced a 60% decline. We conducted experimental trials over the

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16

Martinez-Arias, Alfonso. "The development of fused− embryos of Drosophila melanogaster." Development 87, no. 1 (1985): 99–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.87.1.99.

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The mutant fused (1–59·5) belongs to a class of lethal mutations in Drosophila melanogaster that produce pattern duplications in every segment of the mature embryo. A study of the embryonic development of fused'− embryos derived horn fused− mothers shows that extensive cell death occurs early in development. This cell death accounts for the smaller size of the segments in fused− embryos. The pattern duplication observed is, probably, a secondary consequence of the pattern deletion.

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17

Niswander, L., D. Yee, E. M. Rinchik, L. B. Russell, and T. Magnuson. "The albino deletion complex and early postimplantation survival in the mouse." Development 102, no. 1 (1988): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.102.1.45.

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The albino deletion complex in the mouse represents 37 overlapping chromosomal deficiencies that have been arranged into at least twelve complementation groups. Many of the deletions cover regions of chromosome 7 that contain genes necessary for early embryonic development. The work reported here concentrates on two of these deletions (c6H, c11DSD), both of which were known to be lethal around the time of gastrulation when homozygous. A detailed embryological analysis has revealed distinct differences in the lethal phenotype associated with the c6H and c11DSD deletions. c6H homozygous embryos

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18

,, Karyanti, Agus Purwito, and Ali Husni. "Radiosensitivitas dan Seleksi Mutan Putatif Jeruk Keprok Garut (Citrus reticulata L.) berdasarkan Penanda Morfologi." Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) 43, no. 2 (2015): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.24831/jai.v43i2.10417.

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<p>ABSTRACT</p><p>Mandarin Citrus cv. garut is a of local citrus variety with several superiority, but not competitive to imported citrus. Quality improvement have been the subject of citrus breeding programme. The objective of this research was to determine lethal dose 50 (LD50) and putative mutans regenerant selected based on morphological markers. Callus was irradiated at doses of 0, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100 Gy and regenerated through somatic embryogenesis. The result of radiosensitivity showed that lethal dose 50 (LD50) analyzed by Curve Expert 1.4 software

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19

Weinstein, B. M., A. F. Schier, S. Abdelilah, et al. "Hematopoietic mutations in the zebrafish." Development 123, no. 1 (1996): 303–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.123.1.303.

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We have identified mutations that perturb the formation or differentiation of the first embryonic blood cells in the zebrafish embryo. These ‘primitive’ red blood cells originate in the intermediate cell mass of the trunk, a derivative of the dorsal lateral plate mesoderm. By transfusion of blood between embryos we demonstrate that this cohort of cells provides the embryo with all, or nearly all, of its blood cells until at least day 5 postfertilization. Larval lethal mutations generated by ENU mutagenesis affect different steps in the development of these cells. Some cause defects in precurso

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20

Meinke, D. W. "Embryo-lethal mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana: analysis of mutants with a wide range of lethal phases." Theoretical and Applied Genetics 69-69, no. 5-6 (1985): 543–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00251102.

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21

Pérez, Hector E., Lisa M. Hill, and Christina Walters. "An analysis of embryo development in palm: interactions between dry matter accumulation and water relations in Pritchardia remota (Arecaceae)." Seed Science Research 22, no. 2 (2012): 97–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258511000523.

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AbstractAssessments of seed storage physiology among Arecaceae (palm) species are often inconclusive because seeds exhibit diverse responses to low temperature and moisture conditions. Interrelationships between dry matter accumulation, cell structure and water relations during seed development of the endangered Hawaiian endemic palm, Pritchardia remota, suggest that damage from drying results from mechanical strain. Endosperm and fruits accumulate dry mass through most of the 400 d gestation period, but embryos reached maximum dry mass about 250 d post-anthesis (DPA). Mostly sucrose and some

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22

Mendis, Janthri C., Thejani K. Tennakoon, and Chanika D. Jayasinghe. "Zebrafish Embryo Toxicity of a Binary Mixture of Pyrethroid Insecticides: d-Tetramethrin and Cyphenothrin." Journal of Toxicology 2018 (December 26, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4182694.

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Pesguard FG161™, a mixture of d-tetramethrin and cyphenothrin (1:3 ratio), is extensively used to achieve rapid control of adult dengue vector, Aedes aegypti, during the disease outbreaks. Both d-tetramethrin and cyphenothrin are synthetic pyrethroids that are known to have adverse effects on non-mammalian organisms such as fish. The present study intended to use zebrafish embryo toxicity model to investigate the toxic effect of the above binary mixture on fish. Particularly, zebrafish embryo toxicity model provides an alternative to acute fish toxicity tests in terms of animal welfare perspec

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23

Faccio Dolfini, Silvana, and Francesca Sparvoli. "Cytological characterization of the embryo-lethal mutantdek-1 of maize." Protoplasma 144, no. 2-3 (1988): 142–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01637247.

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24

Otasevic, Vesna, Lela Surlan, Milica Vucetic, et al. "Expression patterns of mitochondrial OXPHOS components, mitofusin 1 and dynamin-related protein 1 are associated with human embryo fragmentation." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 28, no. 3 (2016): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd13415.

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Developmental dysfunction in embryos, such as a lethal level of fragmentation, is assumed to be mitochondrial in origin. This study investigated the molecular basis of mitochondrial impairment in embryo fragmentation. Transcription patterns of factors that determine mitochondrial functionality: (i) components of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) – complex I, cytochrome b, complex IV and ATP synthase; (ii) mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP); (iii) mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content and (iv) proteins involved in mitochondrial dynamics, mitofusin 1 (Mfn1) and dynamin related protein 1 (Dr

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25

Sawamura, K., T. Taira, and T. K. Watanabe. "Hybrid lethal systems in the Drosophila melanogaster species complex. I. The maternal hybrid rescue (mhr) gene of Drosophila simulans." Genetics 133, no. 2 (1993): 299–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/133.2.299.

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Abstract Hybrid females from Drosophila simulans females x Drosophila melanogaster males die as embryos while hybrid males from the reciprocal cross die as late larvae. The other two classes are sterile adults. Letting C, X, and Y designate egg cytoplasm, X, and Y chromosomes, respectively, and subscripts m and s stand for melanogaster and simulans, CmXmYs males are lethal in the larval stage and are rescued by the previously reported genes, Lhr (Lethal hybrid rescue) in simulans or Hmr (Hybrid male rescue) in melanogaster. We report here another rescue gene located on the second chromosome of

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26

Pribenszky, Cs, M. Molnár, S. Cseh, and L. Solti. "Survival of mouse blastocysts after low-temperature preservation under high pressure." Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 52, no. 4 (2004): 479–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/avet.52.2004.4.10.

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Cryoinjuries are almost inevitable during the freezing of embryos. The present study examines the possibility of using high hydrostatic pressure to reduce substantially the freezing point of the embryo-holding solution, in order to preserve embryos at subzero temperatures, thus avoiding all the disadvantages of freezing. The pressure of 210 MPa lowers the phase transition temperature of water to -21°C. According to the results of this study, embryos can survive in high hydrostatic pressure environment at room temperature; the time embryos spend under pressure without significant loss in their

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27

Wieschaus, E., N. Perrimon, and R. Finkelstein. "orthodenticle activity is required for the development of medial structures in the larval and adult epidermis of Drosophila." Development 115, no. 3 (1992): 801–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.115.3.801.

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Lethal alleles of orthodenticle (= otd) cause abnormalities in the embryonic head that reflect an early role in anterior pattern formation. In addition, otd activity is required for the development of the larval and adult epidermis. Clonal analysis of both viable and lethal alleles shows that the adult requirement for otd is restricted to medial regions of certain discs. When otd activity is reduced or removed, some medial precursor cells produce bristles and cuticle characteristic of more lateral structures. Similar medial defects are observed in the larval epidermis of embryos homozygous for

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28

Vo, Binh T. T. "Identification of the tolerant capacity to aquatic environment factors (temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen) of Asian bumblebee catfish (Pseudomystus siamensis Regan, 1913)." Journal of Agriculture and Development 18, no. 5 (2019): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.52997/jad.6.05.2019.

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Asian bumblebee catfish (Pseudomystus siamensis) belongs to Bagridae family and is an economic value ornamental species. However, biological characteristics of this fish species have been rarely reported in the literature. A study to identify tolerant capacity to aquatic environment factors (incipient lethal temperature (ILT) and incipient lethal pH (ILpH) and oxygen threshold) of Asian bumblebee catfish at three developmental stages namely embryo, hatchling and ten-day post hatching (dph) was carried out from July 2018 to January 2019 at the Experimental Farm for Aquaculture of Fisheries Facu

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29

Landry, A. M., M. Murakami, R. S. Denniston, J. L. Williams, Y. Echelard, and R. A. Godke. "155 DEVELOPMENT OF BOVINE AGGREGATE EMBRYOS CONSTRUCTED FROM NUCLEAR TRANSFER EMBRYOS AND ELECTROFUSED IVF-DERIVED EMBRYOS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 17, no. 2 (2005): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv17n2ab155.

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The production of animals by nuclear transfer can be hindered by placental and developmental abnormalities in the fetus. Studies in mice have indicated that tetraploid embryo complementation can be used to rescue embryos with lethal placental deficiencies and produce live offspring. The objectives of this experiment were to produce bovine electrofused embryos by blastomere fusion and to utilize those embryos for aggregation with nuclear transfer (NT) embryos. Oocytes were obtained from a commercial source (BoMed, Madison, WI, USA) and were allocated for use in either NT or in vitro fertilizati

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30

Browning, H., and S. Strome. "A sperm-supplied factor required for embryogenesis in C. elegans." Development 122, no. 1 (1996): 391–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.122.1.391.

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The paternal-effect embryonic-lethal gene, spe-11, is required for normal development of early C. elegans embryos. Spe-11 embryos fail to complete meiosis, form a weak eggshell, fail to orient properly the first mitotic spindle, and fail to undergo cytokinesis. Here we report cloning and sequencing of the spe-11 gene, which encodes a novel protein. As predicted by the paternal-effect mutant phenotype, the gene is expressed during spermatogenesis but is not detectable in females undergoing oogenesis, and the protein is present in mature sperm. To investigate whether SPE-11's essential function

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31

SAIJOH, Yukio, and Takuji TAKEUCHI. "Action site of the lethal Ay gene in the mouse embryo." Japanese Journal of Genetics 67, no. 5 (1992): 357–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1266/jjg.67.357.

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32

Schneider, Tama, Randy Dinkins, Ken Robinson, Joe Shellhammer, and David W. Meinke. "An embryo-lethal mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana is a biotin auxotroph." Developmental Biology 131, no. 1 (1989): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0012-1606(89)80047-8.

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33

Clark, Janice K., and William F. Sheridan. "Developmental profiles of the maize embryo-lethal mutants dek22 and dek23." Journal of Heredity 77, no. 2 (1986): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a110202.

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34

Moore, Jennifer C., Jan L. Sumerel, Bradley J. Schnackenberg, et al. "Cyclin D and cdk4 Are Required for Normal Development beyond the Blastula Stage in Sea Urchin Embryos." Molecular and Cellular Biology 22, no. 13 (2002): 4863–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.22.13.4863-4875.2002.

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ABSTRACT cdk4 mRNA and protein are constitutively expressed in sea urchin eggs and throughout embryonic development. In contrast, cyclin D mRNA is barely detectable in eggs and early embryos, when the cell cycles consist of alternating S and M phases. Cyclin D mRNA increases dramatically in embryos at the early blastula stage and remains at a constant level throughout embryogenesis. An increase in cdk4 kinase activity occurs concomitantly with the increase in cyclin D mRNA. Ectopic expression of cyclin D mRNA in eggs arrests development before the 16-cell stage and causes eventual embryonic de

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35

Topping, J. F., V. J. May, P. R. Muskett, and K. Lindsey. "Mutations in the HYDRA1 gene of Arabidopsis perturb cell shape and disrupt embryonic and seedling morphogenesis." Development 124, no. 21 (1997): 4415–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.124.21.4415.

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Mutations in the HYDRA1 (HYD1) gene of Arabidopsis thaliana can prevent normal morphological development of embryos and seedlings. Three allelic mutants (hydra 1–1, hydra1-2 and hydra1-3) have been identified, and in each the seedling is characterized by having a variable number of cotyledons, a short and wide hypocotyl and a much reduced root system. hydra1 embryos appear to develop normally to the octant stage, but fail to establish a distinct protoderm and lack bilateral symmetry, developing multiple cotyledonary primordia of irregular size and shape. Cells of the embryo proper, but not the

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36

Rogge, R., P. J. Green, J. Urano, et al. "The role of yan in mediating the choice between cell division and differentiation." Development 121, no. 12 (1995): 3947–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.121.12.3947.

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An allele of the yan locus was isolated as an enhancer of the Ellipse mutation of the Drosophila epidermal growth factor receptor (Egfr) gene. This yan allele is an embryonic lethal and also fails to complement the lethality of anterior open (aop) mutations. Phenotypic and complementation analysis revealed that aop is allelic to yan and genetically the lethal alleles act as null mutations for the yan gene. Analysis of the lethal alleles in the embryo and in mitotic clones showed that loss of yan function causes cells to overproliferate in the dorsal neuroectoderm of the embryo and in the devel

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37

Gabriel, Heinz-Dieter, Dirk Jung, Christoph Bützler, et al. "Transplacental Uptake of Glucose Is Decreased in Embryonic Lethal Connexin26-deficient Mice." Journal of Cell Biology 140, no. 6 (1998): 1453–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.140.6.1453.

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Mice that harbor a targeted homozygous defect in the gene coding for the gap junctional protein connexin26 died in utero during the transient phase from early to midgestation. From day 10 post coitum onwards, development of homozygous embryos was retarded, which led to death around day 11 post coitum. Except for growth retardation, no gross morphological alterations were detected between homozygous connexin26-defective embryos and wild-type littermates. At day 9 postcoitum, when chorioallantoic placenta started to function, connexin26 was weakly expressed in the yolk sac epithelium, between sy

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38

De Silva, D. P. N., M. F. A. Fasmina, S. C. Jayamanne, N. P. P. Liyanage, and J. L. C. S. Perera. "Determination of the Toxicity Cause by Trace Metals on Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryo." Journal of Aquaculture and Fish Health 10, no. 2 (2021): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jafh.v10i2.21496.

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Water quality deterioration due to inorganic and organic pollutant is a serious issue and the presence of toxic trace metals cause a serious threat to the aquatic ecosystem. Fish embryos have gained interest in risk assessment because of their high sensitivity to pollutants and the ecological relevance. This study investigated the acute toxicity effect of trace metals Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Mercury (Hg), Lead (Pb), Copper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn) on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo. Embryos were exposed to ten different concentrations of individual trace metals and lethality rate was recorded at

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Li, Weihong, Xunzhen Zheng, Jian-Ming Gu, et al. "Extraembryonic expression of EPCR is essential for embryonic viability." Blood 106, no. 8 (2005): 2716–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2005-01-0406.

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Abstract The endothelial cell protein C receptor (EPCR) augments protein C activation by the thrombin-thrombomodulin complex. Deletion of the EPCR gene (Procr) in mice leads to embryonic lethality before embryonic day 10 (E10.0). EPCR is detected in the giant trophoblast cells at the feto-maternal boundary from E7.5 and weakly in embryonic aortic endothelial cells from E13.5, suggesting that extraembryonic EPCR expression may be essential for embryonic viability. Using conditional knock-out strategies, we demonstrate that Procr-deficient embryos with EPCR expression on placenta giant trophobla

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Eberl, D. F., and A. J. Hilliker. "Characterization of X-linked recessive lethal mutations affecting embryonic morphogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster." Genetics 118, no. 1 (1988): 109–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/118.1.109.

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Abstract This study attempted to assay the zygotic contribution of X chromosome genes to the genetic control of embryonic morphogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. A systematic screen for X-linked genes which affect the morphology of the embryo was undertaken, employing the phenotype of whole mount embryos as the major screening criterion. Of 800 EMS-induced lethal mutations analyzed, only 14% were embryonic lethal, and of these only a minority affected embryonic morphogenesis. By recombination and complementation analyses, the mutations that affected embryonic morphogenesis were sequestered i

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Calver, G. A., W. W. Burton, and C. Y. R. Gardell. "Chick embryo, a model to study the lethal activity of pertussis toxin, infectivity of Bordetella pertussis, and their neutralization by immune sera." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 39, no. 8 (1993): 759–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m93-112.

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The toxin activity of Bordetella strains and acellular pertussis components was evaluated in chick embryos. Eleven-day-old embryos were found to be most suitable for determination of LD50 values. Eight of eight Bordetella pertussis strains possessed LD50 values of 104 to 106 colony-forming units per dose of 100 μL. Embryos were resistant to Bordetella parapertussis and Bordetella bronchiseptica at doses of 1010 colony-forming units. Bacterial growth did not occur in the bloodstream or tissues of the heart, kidney, brain, liver, or lungs. Pertussis toxin activity, determined by clustering of Ch

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Franke, A., A. Dernburg, G. J. Bashaw, and B. S. Baker. "Evidence that MSL-mediated dosage compensation in Drosophila begins at blastoderm." Development 122, no. 9 (1996): 2751–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.122.9.2751.

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In Drosophila equalization of the amounts of gene products produced by X-linked genes in the two sexes is achieved by hypertranscription of the single male X chromosome. This process, dosage compensation, is controlled by a set of male-specific lethal (msl) genes, that appear to act at the level of chromatin structure. The properties of the MSL proteins have been extensively studied in the polytene salivary gland chromosomes where they bind to the same set of sites along the male X chromosome in a co-dependent manner. Here we report experiments that show that the MSL proteins first associate w

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Syahbirin, Gustini, Nurfadilawati Mumuh, and Kusdiantoro Mohamad. "CURCUMINOID AND TOXICITY LEVELS OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF JAVANESE GINGER (Curcuma xanthorriza) ON BRINE SHRIMP (Artemia salina) LARVAE AND ZEBRAFISH (Danio rerio) EMBRYOS." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 4 (2017): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i4.16429.

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Objective: This study was aimed at determining the levels of curcuminoids and analyzing the toxicity of ethanol extracts of Javanese ginger.Methods: Curcuminoid levels were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography, while the toxicity tests were done on larva of brine shrimp (Artemia salina) by using a brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT) method and embryos of zebrafish (Danio rerio) using a zebrafish embryo acute toxicity (ZFET) method.Results: The level curcuminoid of ethanol extracts was 10.5% dry wt., consisting of curcumin at the highest percentage (68.06%) followed bydesmetho

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Gough, R., M. Collins, G. Wood, and S. Lister. "Isolation of a chicken embryo-lethal rotavirus from a lovebird (Agapornis species)." Veterinary Record 122, no. 15 (1988): 363–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.122.15.363-a.

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Isermann, B., S. B. Hendrickson, K. Hutley, M. Wing, and H. Weiler. "Tissue-restricted expression of thrombomodulin in the placenta rescues thrombomodulin-deficient mice from early lethality and reveals a secondary developmental block." Development 128, no. 6 (2001): 827–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.128.6.827.

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The endothelial cell surface receptor thrombomodulin (TM) inhibits blood coagulation by forming a complex with thrombin, which then converts protein C into the natural anticoagulant, activated protein C. In mice, a loss of TM function causes embryonic lethality at day 8.5 p.c. (post coitum) before establishment of a functional cardiovascular system. At this developmental stage, TM is expressed in the developing vasculature of the embryo proper, as well as in non-endothelial cells of the early placenta, giant trophoblast and parietal endoderm. Here, we show that reconstitution of TM expression

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Mains, P. E., K. J. Kemphues, S. A. Sprunger, I. A. Sulston, and W. B. Wood. "Mutations affecting the meiotic and mitotic divisions of the early Caenorhabditis elegans embryo." Genetics 126, no. 3 (1990): 593–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/126.3.593.

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Abstract We describe interactions between maternal-effect lethal mutations in four genes of Caenorhabditis elegans whose products appear to be involved in the meiotic and mitotic divisions of the one-cell embryo. Mitosis is disrupted by two dominant temperature-sensitive gain-of-function maternal-effect lethal mutations, mei-1(ct46) and mel-26(ct61), and by recessive loss-of-function maternal-effect lethal mutations of zyg-9. The phenotypic defects resulting from these mutations are similar. Doubly mutant combinations show a strong enhancement of the maternal-effect lethality under semipermiss

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Robinson, John T., Edward J. Wojcik, Mark A. Sanders, Maura McGrail, and Thomas S. Hays. "Cytoplasmic Dynein Is Required for the Nuclear Attachment and Migration of Centrosomes during Mitosis in Drosophila." Journal of Cell Biology 146, no. 3 (1999): 597–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.146.3.597.

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Cytoplasmic dynein is a multisubunit minus-end–directed microtubule motor that serves multiple cellular functions. Genetic studies in Drosophila and mouse have demonstrated that dynein function is essential in metazoan organisms. However, whether the essential function of dynein reflects a mitotic requirement, and what specific mitotic tasks require dynein remains controversial. Drosophila is an excellent genetic system in which to analyze dynein function in mitosis, providing excellent cytology in embryonic and somatic cells. We have used previously characterized recessive lethal mutations in

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Kramer, S. G., T. M. Jinks, P. Schedl, and J. P. Gergen. "Direct activation of Sex-lethal transcription by the Drosophila runt protein." Development 126, no. 1 (1999): 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.126.1.191.

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Runt functions as a transcriptional regulator in multiple developmental pathways in Drosophila melanogaster. Recent evidence indicates that Runt represses the transcription of several downstream target genes in the segmentation pathway. Here we demonstrate that runt also functions to activate transcription. The initial expression of the female-specific sex-determining gene Sex-lethal in the blastoderm embryo requires runt activity. Consistent with a role as a direct activator, Runt shows sequence-specific binding to multiple sites in the Sex-lethal early promoter. Using an in vivo transient as

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Gunn, J. M., D. L. G. Noakes, and G. F. Westlake. "Behavioural responses of lake charr (Salvelinus namaycush) embryos to simulated acidic runoff conditions." Canadian Journal of Zoology 65, no. 11 (1987): 2786–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z87-420.

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Lake charr (Salvelinus namaycush) embryos in the later stages of yolk absorption avoided water with pH < 6.0. The addition of inorganic Al (≤ 200 μg∙L−1) did not increase the avoidance response to low pH. Embryos tested just after hatch had little swimming ability and showed no avoidance to acutely lethal H+ (pH 4.0). In vertical substrate-filled tanks that simulated conditions at natural spawning sites, there were no significant effects on embryo survival, or movement within the substrate from pulse exposure (8 h) to low pH (4.5) and elevated Al (100, 200, 500 μg∙L−1). Preference for conta

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Whittle, J. R. S., S. Y. K. Tiong, and C. E. Sunkel. "The effect of lethal mutations and deletions within the bithorax complex upon the identity of caudal metameres in the Drosophila embryo." Development 93, no. 1 (1986): 153–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.93.1.153.

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Mutations and deletions of the abdA and AbdB functions in the bithorax complex of Drosophila melanogaster have been examined for their effect upon the hypodermal derivatives of the caudal segments of the embryo, employing light- and scanning electron microscopy. No cuticular structures located posterior to the denticle belt of abdominal segment 8 are affected in abdA− embryos. Embryos of AbdB− genotype no longer have six of the seven pairs of sense organs present in this region, lack posterior spiracles but instead have sclerotized cuticle and sense organs typical of the head region and a rudi

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