To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Embryology, Human.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Embryology, Human'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Embryology, Human.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Dokras, Anuja. "Human trophectoderm biopsy and its application." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306010.
Full text
2
Page, Karen Mary. "Mathematical models in embryology : the selection, regulation and speed of formation of patterns." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302119.
Full text
3
Levy, Jean Elizabeth. "Controlling the course of scientific advance : the case of human embryology." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.440422.
Full text
4
Adi, Mohamad M. "Aspects of the structure and function of the human salivary glands." Thesis, University of Dundee, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260121.
Full text
5
Lavranos, Tina Christine. "Maternal-embryo interactions at the time of implantation in early pregnancy /." Adelaide : Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phl414.pdf.
Full text
6
Lavranos, Tina C. "Maternal-embryo interactions at the time of implantation in early pregnancy / by Tina Christine Lavranos." Thesis, Adelaide Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/21664.
Full text
7
Lavranos, Tina C. "Maternal-embryo interactions at the time of implantation in early pregnancy / by Tina Christine Lavranos." Adelaide Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/21664.
Full textAbstract:
1 v.Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 1993
8
Xu, Jiasen. "A study of embryotrophic mechanism of human oviductal cells on mouse embryo development in vitro." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22926197.
Full text
9
Poli, Maurizio. "Novel molecular markers for assessment of human embryo competence." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4c5bffff-d12c-4df1-b5f0-1459298fc45c.
Full textAbstract:
In vitro fertilization treatments are responsible for 1-5% births in industrialized countries. The safest way to generate a pregnancy is to transfer a single embryo to the mother, reducing the likelihood of multiple gestations. Hence, in order to maximize the chance of success, it is extremely important that the embryo prioritised for transfer is the most capable within the cohort of embryos generated by the patient. Along with cytogenetic components, it has been suggested that embryo protein expression patterns may correlate with its ability to implant. However, embryo proteomics strategies have not been easy to harness mainly due to the complexity of the media the embryos are cultured in, and the low concentration of the proteins that are secreted. In this study, the use of the blastocentesis procedure, which allows the safe retrieval of embryo inner fluid (blastosol), was described. The use of the blasocoel fluid as a source of embryonic DNA for preimplantation genetic assessment was also investigated. From this highly purified embryonic sample, a comprehensive catalogue of proteins present in the human blastosol was generated using standard and custom- made mass spectrometry strategies. The embryonic origin of these proteins was validated by gene expression microarray and RNASeq analysis. These experiments also allowed the identification of differentially expressed genes in the first two cell lineages, the Inner Cell Mass and the Trophectoderm. Finally, a targeted proteomics strategy able to measure part of the previously described protein targets in single blastosol samples was employed. The correlation between the presence and abundance of proteins of interest in single blastosols and several biological characteristics of the embryo, including its chromosomal status, was assessed. These data are of major interest for the understanding of human embryo development. The validated embryo-derived protein catalogue and blastocyst gene expression profiles generated in this study, provides access to a thorough document for consultation in human embryology proteomics-based experiment design, paving the way to next-generation proteomic-based embryo assessment.
10
Lee, Yin-lau, and 李燕柳. "Identification and characterization of human oviductal cell derived embryotrophic factor 3." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29296687.
Full text
11
Lambert, Nelle. "Identification and characterisation of genes displaying human specific patterns of expression and evolution." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209995.
Full textAbstract:
L’espèce humaine a développé des fonctions cognitives et des capacités d’interactions sociales très élaborées. La structure la plus importante pour ces fonctions est le néocortex. Une de ses caractéristiques majeures est qu’il a subi une forte expansion et un changement significatif de structure et de fonction durant l’évolution. Les mécanismes moléculaires et cellulaires sous-jacents à cette évolution restent peu connus. Un des éléments clefs semble être la modification de programmes neurodéveloppementaux spécifiques, en particulier au cours de la vie embryonnaire.Durant ce projet, nous avons identifié et caractérisé de nouveaux gènes potentiellement impliqués dans le développement et l’évolution du cortex cérébral humain, par l’analyse du transcriptome du cerveau humain en développement, croisée à des techniques d’analyse computationnelle. Nous avons caractérisé le profil d’expression de « Human Accelerated Region 1 » (HAR1), un gène d’évolution accélérée dans la lignée humaine exprimé dans le cortex cérébral humain en développement. D’autre part, par l’analyse du transcriptome de régions spécifiques du cortex humain en développement, couplée à des analyses computationnelles, nous avons identifié une série de gènes présentant une combinaison unique de profil d’expression et d’évolution spécifiquement humains. Ces gènes pourraient constituer une partie importante des programmes génétiques impliqués dans le développement et l'évolution du cortex dans notre espèce.
L’étude approfondie de leurs profils d’expression et de leur fonction pourraient nous permettre de mieux comprendre les mécanismes moléculaires et cellulaires sous-jacents à l’évolution du cortex cérébral humain.
Doctorat en Sciences médicales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
12
Zhu, Meidong. "Development and regression of the human hyaloid system." Thesis, Sydney Medical School, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/14472.
Full text
13
許嘉森 and Jiasen Xu. "A study of embryotrophic mechanism of human oviductal cells on mouse embryo development in vitro." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43894720.
Full text
14
Shelton, Michael L. "Generation and Characterization of Human Embryonic Stem Cells-Derived Skeletal Muscle Progenitors." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37973.
Full textAbstract:
The long-term treatment of injured, aging, or pathological skeletal muscle using stem cell therapy requires an abundant source of skeletal muscle progenitors (SMP) that are capable of self-replenishment. While adult SMPs—known as satellite cells and marked by PAX7 expression—can be collected from healthy donors, these satellite cells have limited replication potential once extracted, and may have difficulties providing sufficient numbers for therapy. Therefore, we sought to utilize the near-unlimited replication potential of human embryonic stem cells (hESC) to generate large quantities of SMPs in vitro. We developed a 50-day directed hESC differentiation that produced cultures with up to 90% myogenic identity; roughly 43 ± 4% become PAX7+ SMPs, and 47 ± 3% of cells become skeletal myocytes. We also performed gene expression profiling on our differentiating cultures to better understand in vitro skeletal myogenesis, and to better characterize in vitro hESC-derived SMPs, which remain poorly understood relative to adult satellite cells. 50-day cultures shared gene expression profiles more similar to quiescent rather than activated satellite cells, featuring a number of genes related to FOS/JUN, NOTCH, and TGFB-signaling. Day 50 cultures also expressed surface proteins known to mark adult or embryonic SMPs: CD82, CXCR4, ERBB3, NGFR, and PDGFRA. Transplanting 50-day cultures into cardiotoxin or BaCl2 injured immunodeficient murine muscle showed donor human cells persisted within the host muscle for 1 – 2 months post-injection; however, donor cells were confined to the interstitial space and did not contribute to host myofibers or the satellite cell niche. Together, these studies provide a tool for generating large quantities of embryonic skeletal muscle, and a gene expression resource that can provide insight into signaling factors that might improve or accelerate SMP development, or provide putative new surface receptors that may isolate embryonic SMPs better suited for in vivo transplantation.
15
Tse, Pui-keung, and 謝沛強. "An investigation on the conversion of C3 to embryotrophic iC3b in the human oviductal cell-mouse embryo co-culture system." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45010936.
Full text
16
Shah, Nupur R. "Functional studies of YAP1 in cancer and embryonic development." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2018. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=238733.
Full textAbstract:
The Hippo pathway is a master regulator of cell proliferation and organ size, namely through regulation of transcriptional co-activators YAP and TAZ which bind TEAD1-4 transcription factors. The Hippo effector YAP is dysregulated in many human solid tumours including rhabdomyosarcoma and oesophageal cancer. Additionally, persistent hyperactivity of YAP in activated but not quiescent satellite cells can give rise to embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. However, the question of exactly how YAP acts as an oncogene and actively gives rise to tumour progression in these cancers remains unknown. In this thesis I characterised the mechanisms which determine the functional role of YAP in driving instability in the genome. Secondly, lentiviral mediated knockdown of YAP is performed to determine and investigate its effect on tumorigenesis. Thirdly, gene sets from constitutive YAP S127A induced mouse ERMS tumours subjected to array-CGH were further analysed. Finally, I cloned chicken Yap1, Tead1 and Fstl5 to identify its role during chick embryonic development, by the retroviral mediated loss of function approach. The results demonstrated that constitutive YAP S127A expression in-vitro as well as in-vivo induces chromosomal instability by increasing the rate of mitotic chromosome segregation errors and copy number alterations of oncogenes and other cancer related genes. Recurrent copy number gains of the p53 inhibitor Mdm2 were observed in YAP S127A-driven ERMS tumours. Moreover, lentiviral mediated YAP knockdown showed significant reduction in proliferation, migration and invasion as well as transformation potential in human cultured cancer cells. Moreover, retroviral YAP S127A expression during early stages of chick embryo development did not lead to an overt phenotype and showed poor survival. Additionally, I have cloned RCAS-RNAi vectors to study the loss of function effect on Hippo targets and Fstl5 during chicken embryo development. Collectively, my data provides insight into the mechanisms with which YAP could drive tumorigenesis and that YAP knockdown can be considered a potential therapeutic target to reduce cancer progression.
17
Beitz, Ulrike. "Zur Reformbedürftigkeit des Embryonenschutzgesetzes eine medizinisch-ethisch-rechtliche Analyse anhand moderner Fortpflanzungstechniken." Frankfurt, M. Berlin Bern Bruxelles New York, NY Oxford Wien Lang, 2008. http://d-nb.info/990963055/04.
Full text
18
Cameron, Chris. "Ensuring the welfare of the child : an actor-network theory based analysis of the activities of Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority Inspectors." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247468.
Full text
19
Moraes, Suzana Guimarães. "Desenvolvimento e avaliação de uma metodologia para o ensino de embriologia humana." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317691.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Luis Antonio Violin Dias PereiraTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T12:45:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Moraes_SuzanaGuimaraes_D.pdf: 50010658 bytes, checksum: fd19532640ee16db1a01334371893f0f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005
Resumo: As disciplinas tradicionais de embriologia humana exigem do aluno um rápido entendimento de uma série de mudanças que ocorrem simultaneamente em uma escala macro e microscópica no embrião. Os estudantes têm dificuldade em compreender os conceitos apresentados e criar mentalmente imagens tridimensionais dos processos envolvidos. O estudo do desenvolvimento humano normal e anormal é importante para facilitar o entendimento da anatomia humana e para fornecer a base fisiopatológica da correção cirúrgica ou tratamento clínico dos defeitos congênitos. No presente trabalho foi desenvolvida uma metodologia de ensino para ilustrar e aumentar a compreensão da embriologia humana normal e os defeitos congênitos. A estratégia elaborada envolve a produção e utilização de filmes de técnicas em reprodução assistida e de correção cirúrgica de malformações congênitas, animações desenvolvidas em Flash MX (Macromedia) e a documentação digital macro e microscópica de embriões, fetos e neonatos encaminhados para autópsia. Recém-nascidos e crianças portadores de defeitos congênitos, submetidos à tratamento clínico e cirúrgico também foram documentados. Todas estas imagens obtidas, incluindo os ultra-sons e radiografias, foram cuidadosamente descritas, editadas, catalogadas e organizadas em um banco digital de imagens e dados. Os achados da autópsia, história clínica e outras informações relevantes também foram inseridos no banco de dados. Estas ferramentas de ensino foram utilizadas nos módulos Morfofisiologia Humana I e II do curso de Medicina da Universidade Estadual de Campinas. As aulas de embriologia foram divididas em dois momentos. No primeiro foi descrito o desenvolvimento normal das estruturas corporais, utilizando-se dos esquemas e animações produzidas. No segundo momento, histórias clínicas, imagens de autópsias, de exames imaginológicos e cirurgias corretivas foram apresentadas aos alunos, encorajando-os a identificar as malformações e discutir as histórias clínicas, diagnóstico e terapêutica. O material didático também foi organizado e disponibilizado em um ambiente interativo, o qual foi usado pelos alunos como um complemento às aulas. No final do módulo tanto o material didático quanto a metodologia de ensino desenvolvidos neste trabalho foram avaliados através de instrumentos quantitativos e qualitativos. A maioria dos alunos aprovou a metodologia e enfatizaram a importância da integração entre as disciplinas básicas e clínicas. Esta metodologia se mostrou útil para solucionar uma dificuldade importante associada às metodologias de ensino em instituições médicas, ou seja, a falta de integração entre disciplinas básicas e clínicas
Abstract: Traditional human embryology courses are demanding in that they require students to rapidly understand the various changes that occur simultaneously on a macro and on a microscopic scale in embryos. Students have difficulty in grasping the concepts presented and in creating three-dimensional mental images of the processes invblved. Knowledge of normal and abnormal human development is important for understanding the pathophysiology, clinical treatment and surgical repair of malformations. In this study, we developed a teaching methodology to illustrate and enhance the comprehension of normal human embryology and of birth defects. The strategy involved movies of the assisted reproduction techniques, congenital malformations correction surgeries, the Flash MX (Macromedia) animation development and the macro- and microscopical digital documentation of embryos, fetuses and neonates following autopsy. Newborn babies were also photographed in a nursery. The ultrasound and macro- and microscopic images were carefully described, computer edited, catalogued and organized into a digital image database. The autopsy findings, clinical history and other relevant data were aiso stored in the database. These teaching tools were used in the Human Morpho-Physiology course of the medical curriculum at State University of Campinas. The embryology lectures were divided into two parts. During the first part, the development of the body's structures was explained, while in the second, images of selected autopsies were shown to the students, who were also encouraged to find and discuss the malformations and their clinical history, diagnosis and therapeutics. The teaching materiais were also organized on an educational software used by the students as a complement to the lectures. At the end of the course, research methodology was used aiming at evaluating the developed teaching material and method via an attitudinal measuring scale instrument. Most of the students approved of the method and emphasized the importance of integration between basic and clinical disciplines. This approach proved useful for solving an important difficulty associated with teaching methods in many medical institutions, namely, the lack of integration between basic and clinical disciplines
Doutorado
Histologia
Doutor em Biologia Celular e Estrutural
20
Purcell-Davis, Allyson. "Interaction in the radio news interview : a case study of BBC Radio 4's the Today programme and the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2015. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/88309/.
Full textAbstract:
News interviews are core within current practices of journalism. They point to the existence of a mediated public space and bolster the concept of democratic accountability. This research investigates what impact these concepts have on the news interviews broadcast by the Today programme (BBC Radio 4) and how interaction within them invoked the public. The programme has a responsibility to uphold the democratic life of the UK, making it a compelling focus of research. The case study examined in this thesis is the broadcast of news interviews concerning the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008 (HFEA 2008) and how they shaped representations of the biomedical techniques contained within the legislation. In particular, research investigated what the news interviews reveal about the biological citizen: a specific configuration of citizenship increasingly important in the twenty first century. The research method is Conversation Analysis and the news interviews as broadcast are the empirical data on which findings are based. The study contributes to the understanding of the method through the investigation of the structural organisation of the news interviews and how this affected interaction. Findings suggest that the news interviews on the Today programme highlights the political dimensions of the HFEA 2008, that interviewees were predominantly MPs or public figures and that the gender ratio is skewed towards male voices. It points to the fact that the programme prefers news interviews that contain two interviewees, as this promotes adversarial encounters within interaction. Research also establishes how interviewers have at their disposal a range of devices, such as third party citations, which they use within questions in order to achieve a neutral posture. A further set of findings uncovers the need of interviewees to maintain a positive image of themselves, employing politeness strategies in order to co-operate when answering a question.
21
Melley, Caitlin. "Surgical fetal intervention assessing the current practices of genetic counselors /." Waltham, Mass. : Brandeis University, 2009. http://dcoll.brandeis.edu/handle/10192/23321.
Full text
22
Camm, Emily Jane 1976. "The effects of prenatal hypoxia on postnatal cognitive function : a behavioural, pharmacological and structural analysis." Monash University, Dept. of Physiology, 2002. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/7907.
Full text
23
Tomsick, Terry. "Ectogenesis : the next generation." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=111579.
Full textAbstract:
Ectogenesis -- literally creation outside the womb -- is a word coined by British geneticist J.B.S. Haldane in 1923 as he provocatively predicted future scientific frontiers. Fast-moving assisted reproductive technologies assure us that ectogenesis is no longer the fantastical creation of futuristic writers. Instead, it is likely to manifest in one of three ways. It may be a quiet byproduct of the lessening gap between in vitro procedures and the use of sophisticated neonatal environments. It may arise from endometrial tissue ladders grown into artificial wombs. Or, it may be as bizarre as that envisioned in Brave New World where there is an intentional effort to create an artificial womb from which the development of a human being may be scrutinized and monitored from start to finish.The morass of hasty and reckless legislation passed in various countries to deal with the creation and termination of embryonic life shows that few are prepared to deal with exigencies of ectogenesis when it arrives insidiously or abruptly. Moreover, Eastern thought and traditions will conflict with Western ideology with respect to the beginning and maintenance of human life. This thesis suggests that the language, structure and philosophy of the United Kingdom's Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act is well crafted and should be considered as a world-wide paradigm. This thesis also suggests that ectogenesis will mandate that the interests of the developing fetus override notions of reproductive autonomy.
24
Phang, Khong Wing Benny. "The contributions of Oliver O'Donovan and William Werpehowski to the current debate over the personhood of the early human embryo." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2005. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p029-0648.
Full text
25
Detton, Alan James. "The Creation of a 3D Interactive Human Neural Development Resource and Its Evaluation Through a Video Analytic Usability Study." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1337966847.
Full text
26
Bautista, Mary Lou Frias. "Status enhancement during pregnancy and its influence on fertility behavior." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49980.
Full textAbstract:
A survey of 967 married women from Misamis Oriental, Philippines was conducted to examine pregnancy as a reproductive experience that may either be status-enhancing or status-degrading. In the study, pregnancy status was defined as a social position located within a set of relationships.
The position involved ranking based on its importance to the society. Pregnancy status was said to be derived from the woman’s relationships with significant others as well as self definition.
Findings from multivariate analyses indicated that four variables were significantly related to pregnancy status. These were: (1) number of live births; (2) modern role orientation; (3) woman’s educational attainment; and (4) age. Women who were younger and who have fewer children were found to have a higher regard for pregnancy as status-enhancing. Those who have less education and more traditional role orientation also reported higher pregnancy status evaluation. Although residence and socio-economic status were not highly correlated with pregnancy status, the analyses showed that respondents who came from rural areas and from lower socio-economic classes were more likely to perceive pregnancy as status-enhancing than those from urban areas and from higher socio- economic classes. Interestingly, women who have been married for more years, while controlling for their educational attainment and residence, were also found to have a higher regard for pregnancy while reporting higher number of unwanted births. However, when number of live births was considered, the negative relationship prevailed between marriage duration and pregnancy status. With such factors as number of live births, length of marriage, woman's educational attainment, and residence introduced
in the final path model, the effect of pregnancy status on the woman's expressed number of unwanted births was analyzed.
Findings from Linear Structural Relations (LISREL) analyses revealed that while number of live births was the most important indicator of unwanted births, pregnancy status also contributed to unwanted births as a direct and mediating factor. It is suggested that a woman’s perception of pregnancy as status-enhancing or degrading be considered as a supplementary factor in explaining fertility behavior. Since the present study is an initial effort to provide guidelines, further research is needed.Ph. D.
incomplete_metadata
27
Casals, Soler Gemma. "Investigación de la osteopontina y la integrina αvβ3 como marcadores de receptividad endometrial para la implantación embrionaria." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/301774.
Full textAbstract:
El estudio del endometrio y de su estado de receptividad para la implantación embrionaria es crucial en la evaluación de la fertilidad de la mujer. No obstante, se ha demostrado que el estudio histológico clásico carece de utilidad clínica práctica para valorar la adecuada capacidad del endometrio para implantar embriones. Por tanto, la búsqueda de nuevos marcadores de receptividad endometrial constituye una línea de investigación de gran interés. Se ha descrito que tanto la integrina αvβ3 como la osteopontina presentan unos patrones de expresión temporales y espaciales específicos en los diferentes tipos celulares del endometrio, que definirían la fase de receptividad endometrial para la implantación embrionaria o "ventana de implantación".
En base a lo anterior, nuestra hipótesis de trabajo es que la identificación y estudio de la osteopontina y la integrina αvβ3 como marcadores endometriales de implantación embrionaria en diferentes situaciones clínicas, debería permitir ir más allá de los simples criterios clásicos morfo-histológicos valorados por microscopia óptica y de esta forma poder definir de una manera más precisa y objetiva el grado de receptividad endometrial para la implantación embrionaria.
Para ello, se han realizado 3 estudios, publicados en revistas del primer cuartil de la especialidad:
I. “Osteopontin and αvβ3 integrin expression in the endometrium of infertile and fertile women”
Casals G, Ordi J, Creus M, Fábregues F, Casamitjana R, Quinto L, Campo E, Balasch J.
Reprod Biomed Online, 2008;16(6):808-816
II. “Osteopontin and αvβ3 integrin as markers of endometrial receptivity: the effect of different hormone therapies”
Casals G, Ordi J, Creus M, Fábregues F, Carmona F, Casamitjana R, Balasch J.
Reprod Biomed Online, 2010;21(3):349-359
III. “Expression pattern of osteopontin and αvβ3 integrin during the implantation window in infertile patients with early stages of endometriosis”
Casals G, Ordi J, Creus M, Fábregues F, Carmona F, Casamitjana R, Balasch J.
Hum Reprod, 2012;27(3):805-813
Según los datos obtenidos en estos estudios, podemos afirmar que no existe una relación causa-efecto entre la presencia o ausencia de estos dos marcadores endometriales (osteopontina e integrina αvβ3) durante la denominada "ventana de implantación" y la esterilidad de la mujer asociada o no a la presencia de endometriosis. Por otra parte, la administración de diferentes hormonas con efectos probados sobre el endometrio modifica la expresión de osteopontina e integrina αvβ3 sólo en tanto en cuanto son capaces de influir sobre el estado de maduración histológica de la mucosa endometrial. Por tanto, el interés de su uso rutinario en la valoración de la paciente estéril no puede confirmarse de acuerdo con los resultados de esta Tesis Doctoral.The study of the human endometrium as a fertility-determining factor and understanding the factors that contribute to a receptive endometrium are, at present, important areas of research. Investigation of endometrial function has traditionally been assessed by morphological criteria. However, the relationship between histological changes and endometrial receptivity has been seriously questioned in recent years and, consequently, a number of new biomarkers of endometrial receptivity have been described. The study of integrin αvβ3 and osteopontin (OPN) has been proposed as a means of distinguishing receptive from non-receptive endometrium in clinical practice and as a new method to investigate the impaired endometrial receptivity in certain groups of infertile patients. Both glycoproteins have been found to be coordinately expressed in the human endometrium across the menstrual cycle and maximally expressed at the time of the implantation window. According to these findings, we have developed and subsequently published the following studies: I. “Osteopontin and αvβ3 integrin expression in the endometrium of infertile and fertile women” Casals G, Ordi J, Creus M, Fábregues F, Casamitjana R, Quinto L, Campo E, Balasch J. Reprod Biomed Online, 2008;16(6):808-816 II. “Osteopontin and αvβ3 integrin as markers of endometrial receptivity: the effect of different hormone therapies” Casals G, Ordi J, Creus M, Fábregues F, Carmona F, Casamitjana R, Balasch J. Reprod Biomed Online, 2010;21(3):349-359 III. “Expression pattern of osteopontin and αvβ3 integrin during the implantation window in infertile patients with early stages of endometriosis” Casals G, Ordi J, Creus M, Fábregues F, Carmona F, Casamitjana R, Balasch J. Hum Reprod, 2012;27(3):805-813 The results of these studies indicate that although the expression of the OPN:αvβ3 integrin complex is closely correlated with histological maturation of endometrium evaluated by histological dating, neither OPN nor αvβ3 alone or in combination are useful markers of endometrial functional receptivity: there were no differences in expression or coexpression of these two markers between fertile controls and infertile patients. On the other hand, endometrial OPN and αvβ3 integrin expression or co-expression during the window of implantation are not impaired in patients with stage I–II endometriosis. Finally, OPN and alphavbeta3 integrin expression was closely related to endometrial maturation and this was irrespective of the hormonal treatment received. In conclusion, the results of our studies do not support the routine use of these markers in the clinical practice.
28
Meira, Miriam dos Santos. "O USO DE MODELOS TRIDIMENSIONAIS NO ENSINO DE EMBRIOLOGIA HUMANA: CONTRIBUIÇÃO PARA UMA APRENDIZAGEM SIGNIFICATIVA." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2015. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/3544.
Full textAbstract:
The inherent complexity of development of a new human being, especially when related to a lack of teaching-learning resources, makes the process of teaching-learning in the area of Human Embryology often difficult and abstract. The possibility of using and/or producing three-dimensional concrete models is recognized as an alternative capable of promoting the understanding of the different stages of human embryogenesis. Trying to evaluate, qualitatively and quantitatively, the educational potential of such macroscopic tools, three-dimensional models were used as intervention in Human Embryology lessons concerning the discipline taught to the second semester of undergraduate Biological Sciences, at Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), RS. To collect data, a knowledge test with illustrated and, in most of cases, closed questions was applied three times, what consisted in a pre-test, a post-theory test and a post-intervention test. The knowledge test and the models used were referring to the first four weeks of human embryogenesis. The pre-test helped in the first moment to survey the prior knowledge of the sample on the topic and, in a second moment, as a reference for comparison with the results of subsequent applications. Qualitative analysis of the tests resulted in categories of responses and quantitative analysis, in frequencies of each category and average score. Such analysis showed that the performance of the sample in the post-intervention test was considerably higher than in previous applications, what means that intervention models contributed significantly to the process of teaching and learning of the sample, what resulted in a better acquisition of knowledge about human embryonic development. The evaluation made by the sample also contributed to this statement. In this sense, it s highlighted the importance of using such pedagogical alternatives in initial and continuing teacher training, so such tools may be effectively used at different levels of science teaching.A complexidade inerente ao desenvolvimento de um novo ser, principalmente quando aliada à falta de recursos didático-pedagógicos, torna, muitas vezes, o processo de ensino-aprendizagem, na área de Embriologia Humana, árduo e abstrato. A possibilidade de utilizar e/ou produzir modelos concretos tridimensionais é, reconhecidamente, uma alternativa capaz de favorecer o entendimento das diferentes fases da embriogênese humana. Buscando avaliar, qualitativa e quantitativamente, o potencial pedagógico de tais ferramentas macroscópicas, modelos didáticos tridimensionais foram utilizados, de forma interventiva, em aulas de Embriologia Humana referentes à disciplina ministrada ao segundo semestre da graduação em Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), RS. Para a coleta de dados, um teste de conhecimentos com questões ilustradas e, em sua maioria fechadas, foi aplicado em três momentos distintos, constituindo um pré-teste, um teste pós-teoria e um teste pós-intervenção. O teste de conhecimentos e os modelos utilizados foram referentes às quatro primeiras semanas da embriogênese humana. O pré-teste serviu, inicialmente, para o levantamento dos saberes prévios da amostra acerca do tema em questão e, em um segundo momento, de referência para comparação com os resultados das aplicações posteriores. A análise qualitativa dos testes resultou em categorias de respostas, e a análise quantitativa nas frequências de cada categoria e na média geral de acertos. Tais análises demonstraram que o desempenho da amostra no teste pós-intervenção foi consideravelmente maior do que nas aplicações anteriores, o que permite considerar que a intervenção com os modelos contribuiu, de forma significativa, para o processo de ensino e aprendizagem da amostra, resultando, assim, em uma maior apropriação dos conhecimentos referentes ao desenvolvimento embrionário humano. A avaliação da metodologia realizada pela própria amostra também levou a esta constatação. Nesse sentido, destaca-se a importância da utilização de tais alternativas didáticas na formação inicial e continuada de professores da área, para que tais ferramentas venham a ser, efetivamente, utilizadas nos diferentes níveis do Ensino de Ciências.
29
Kharraz, Yacine. "Contribution à l'étude de la fonction de la protéine TIAR dans l'embryogenèse et la réponse innée." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210197.
Full textAbstract:
Le TNF-α est une cytokine pro-inflammatoire du système immunitaire qui, lorsque sa production est déréglée, induit de nombreuses pathologies chez l’homme (cachexie, arthrite rhumatoïde, etc.) Outre une régulation transcriptionnelle de cette cytokine, il existe aussi une régulation post-transcriptionnelle permettant un contrôle affiné de sa production. Le laboratoire de Biologie du Gène étudie cette régulation post-transcriptionnelle faisant intervenir une séquence consensus dans l’ARNm appelée séquence AU-riche (ou ARE pour AU-rich element) et les protéines qui y sont impliquées. Généralement, les ARNm porteurs d’ARE codent pour des protéines dont l’expression est transitoire. Ces gènes requièrent un contrôle très précis de leur expression et c’est pourquoi, en plus d’être soumis à de nombreux contrôles transcriptionnels, la traduction et la stabilité de leurs ARNm sont très finement régulées. La réponse immune innée implique de nombreux ARNm de ce type. Jusqu’à présent, la fonction de la protéine TIAR dans la régulation de l’expression du TNF-α n’a pas été complètement élucidée. Outre le TNF-α, la participation à la réponse immune innée de nombreuses protéines encodées par des ARNm porteurs d’ARE pourrait conférer à la protéine TIAR un rôle de régulateur essentiel dans le contrôle de l’inflammation. Nous avons donc générés plusieurs lignées de macrophages RAW 264.7 surexprimant la protéine TIAR entière ou différents mutants de TIAR afin de déterminer, par une analyse globale par puces à ADN, les ARNm cibles de TIAR au cours de la réponse immune. Cette approche nous a permis de démontrer que la protéine TIAR exerce un contrôle sur le métabolisme de l’ARNm du TNF-α et de MKP-1 (MAP kinase phosphatase 1), une phosphatase majeure dans la voie de signalisation de la MAPK p38. Cette voie de signalisation joue un rôle essentiel dans la stabilisation et la traduction de nombreux ARNm porteurs d’ARE encodant des protéines de la réponse inflammatoire. D’autre part, nous avons voulu étudier in vivo la fonction de la protéine TIAR au cours de la réponse immune. Nous avons, dans ce but, généré des souris transgéniques surexprimant l’isoforme courte de la protéine TIAR. Si nous n’avons pas encore pu mesurer les effets d’une surexpression de TIAR sur la réponse inflammatoire chez ces souris, ces individus transgéniques ont révélé qu’une expression anormale de la protéine TIAR induit une létalité importante au cours du développement embryonnaire.Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
30
Williams, Nicola Jane. "Pre-implantation and pre-natal selection of offspring : can there be a duty to select against disability?" Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/preimplantation-and-prenatal-selection-of-offspring-can-there-be-a-duty-to-select-against-disability(00aa8d13-c161-46cc-a338-9cf49106dacc).html.
Full textAbstract:
The question of whether there might be a moral obligation to select against disability in our offspring has received considerable attention and attracted great controversy within both the philosophical community and beyond over the last couple of decades. Within this thesis I examine this question, taking as a basis for discussion the view that prospective parents should be formally free to choose whether or not to select against disability in their offspring in the absence of adequate justifying reasons to the contrary. I then move on to examine and outline arguments that suggest variously and for a plethora of different reasons that selection against disability should be condemned morally or required. After this is done and it is noted that the sheer volume of different positions and arguments requires a more specific focus I, in my thesis articles take what I view to be the strongest of moral reasons, person-affecting reasons, and look to the question of whether it is possible ground a moral obligation to select against disability in our offspring in the person affecting harms that our reproductive choices might produce. In the first paper I ask whether the non- identity problem really poses such an insurmountable obstacle to the claim that to select against disability may harm those that are created as a result of our selection choices. This leads to the conclusion that on certain accounts of personal identity over time and trans-world identity it is possible to determine harm in a number of previously non-identity cases of which the selection against disability case is one. In the second paper I broaden my focus slightly by looking to the possible harms that our procreative choices might impose on others than the children we may create: ourselves, our existing dependents and existing members of society. In doing this it is shown that our reproductive choices do, at least in societies with advanced social and medical welfare systems, have the potential to impose significant burdens on others. However, whilst this is so, it is also demonstrated that this is not necessarily a decisive reason to condemn a reproductive choice to select for or to fail to select against disability in our offspring. In my final paper I take a slightly different approach, focusing less on the question of whether there should be a moral obligation to select against disability in our offspring and more on the question of whether there should exist a legal imperative to do so. Taking as a basis a liberal approach to the moral limits of law I suggest that impingements on individual liberty may only be justified when it can be shown that our reproductive choices cause significant harms or offence to others, I ask whether the recent insertion into English and Welsh Law of a prohibition on selection for disability can be justified. In line with the findings of the previous two papers which are far from conclusive and by examining the reasons given in legal and policy documents in England and Wales relating to this prohibition I suggest that as it stands such a prohibition cannot be justified. This ultimately leads to a rather unsatisfying – but perhaps inevitable, in light of the messy nature of reproduction – conclusion: It is possible to discuss the ethics of selection against and for disability on person-affecting accounts of morality and to discuss the matter in this way offers sensitive and sensible prescriptions. However, such discussions turn out to be, in virtue of the many competing claims of those affected by reproductive decisions and policy, far more complex than might be assumed and do not fit neatly with the commonly held moral intuition that it is always morally preferable to select against disability in our offspring.
31
Caspar, Philippe. "La Saisie du zygote humain par l'esprit : destin de l'ontogenèse aristotélicienne /." Paris : Namur : Lethielleux ; Culture et vérité, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb349700587.
Full text
32
Guichard, Paul. "Etude structurale de la morphogénèse du centrosome humain par cryo-tomographie électronique." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066440.
Full textAbstract:
Le centrosome est un organite cellulaire qui joue un rôle majeur dans l'organisation spatiale du réseau de microtubules. Le centrosome est composé de deux centrioles qui ne se dupliquent qu'une seule fois pendant le cycle cellulaire, générant un procentriole en région proximale des centrioles matures. En dépit des rôles essentiels du centrosome, les mécanismes structuraux impliqués dans la duplication du centriole restent largement mal connus. Cette thèse décrit l’assemblage du procentriole humain en utilisant la cryo-tomographie électronique. Dans les centrosomes isolés de cellules KE37, nous observons que chacun des neuf triplets de microtubules croît indépendamment des autres autour d’une structure périodique. L’extrémité proximale du microtubule A est fermée par une structure conique et les microtubules B et C s’allongent bidirectionellement à partir de la paroi du microtubule A et B respectivement. Ces observations suggèrent que le complexe de γ-tubuline en forme d’anneau (γ-TuRC) joue un rôle fondamental dans la formation du procentriole en nucléant le microtubule A, lequel sert de support à l’élongation du microtubule B qui, à son tour, supporte la croissance du microtubule C. Ce travail apporte un nouveau regard sur les évènements structuraux précoces impliqués dans l’assemblage du procentriole et établit les bases pour déterminer le mécanisme moléculaire de la duplication du centriole à une échelle nanométrique.
33
Justino, Marilia Lopes 1988. "Estratégias para uso de um software de ensino de embriologia humana : utilização e avaliação." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317689.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Luis Antonio Violin Dias PereiraDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T06:06:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Justino_MariliaLopes_M.pdf: 4973879 bytes, checksum: 876805a44e4e574031c6f8adea9f285d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Resumo: O termo e-learning abrange a utilização de ferramentas eletrônicas para mediar o processo de ensino e afeta, portanto, a comunicação entre alunos e professores. Para o cenário da educação presencial a incorporação do e-learning deu origem ao conceito de educação presencial aprimorada, prática que tem sido incitada para educação de nível superior. A percepção desse contexto instigou a possibilidade de aplicação de novas estratégias complementares ao modelo de aula expositiva presencial no ensino de embriologia humana. Aos estudantes da área da saúde essa ciência é particularmente importante por permitir a compreensão de questões de saúde reprodutiva e as bases dos defeitos congênitos, no entanto, como ocorre em geral para as disciplinas da etapa pré-clínica, a retenção de seu conteúdo é bastante pobre. Esse estudo se baseou na utilização do software Embriologia Clínica Humana como recurso didático em disciplinas de graduação da UNICAMP para os cursos de Fonoaudiologia, Enfermagem e Medicina, para os anos de 2010, 2011 e 2012. Foram estabelecidas três estratégias de utilização do software que se diferenciam pelo momento e forma de interferência na dinâmica de aula: (I) com o professor como o único usuário ativo do software em aula expositiva; (II) inicialmente com professor utilizando o software em aula expositiva e retomada desse material pelo aluno para revisão de conteúdo; (III) inicialmente com o aluno utilizando o software para introdução de conteúdo e retomada deste material pelo professor através de exposição dialogada. Para o curso de Medicina empregou-se ainda a utilização do software em estratégias de aprendizagem individual (II/III) e colaborativa (II'/III'). A avaliação do desempenho cognitivo imediato baseou-se no cálculo de valores de ganho normalizado (g) a partir de questões do pré e pós-testes realizados a cada aula. Os desempenhos cognitivos em curto e médio prazo foram dados pela análise de variância (ANOVA) de avaliações somativas das disciplinas e de retenção em médio prazo, respectivamente. Para a cognição imediata, a estratégia I mostrou-se superior as demais. Em curto prazo houve equivalência entre as estratégias e em médio prazo, as estratégias que favorecem comportamentos de aprendizagem ativa (II/II' e III/III') destacaram-se positivamente. A investigação da percepção de estudantes baseou-se em instrumentos de percepção com asserções que compunham uma escala de Likert, itens tipo Likert, e entrevistas semi-estruturadas. A percepção do professor responsável pelas disciplinas de graduação envolvidas no estudo foi coletada através de entrevista. Com relação ao material utilizado e a coerência das atividades, as percepções apresentadas foram positivas. Na percepção dos estudantes diante das estratégias de aula propostas foi notada resistência às estratégias que desconstruíam o modelo de aula expositiva. A estratégia III/III' foi alvo de maior oposição, embora, na percepção do professor responsável, essa tenha sido a estratégia mais motivadora, por valorizar a importância do professor frente aos alunos. A experiência relatada e os resultados obtidos destacam ainda que a introdução de novos métodos de ensino exige o envolvimento íntimo de membros do corpo docente, um aspecto fundamental da qualidade da educação e para o sucesso de qualquer estudante
Abstract: The term e-learning covers the use of electronic tools to mediate the learning process, affecting communication among students and teachers. For the face to face educational scenario, the incorporation of e-learning gives rise to the enhanced learning, a practice that has been encouraged on higher education. The perception of this context instigated the possibility of implementing new strategies to complement the lecture style often adopted in human embryology classes. Students of health science should be particularly interest in this topic, since it allows the understanding of reproductive health issues and the basis of birth defects, however, as occurs in general for the disciplines of pre-clinical stage, the retention of its content is quite poor. This study were based on the use of the software Clinical Human Embryology as a teaching resource in graduate courses at UNICAMP for courses in speech therapy, nursing and medicine, for the years 2010, 2011 and 2012. It was established three strategies using software that differ by time and form of interference in the class' dynamics: (I) with the teacher as the only active user of the software during lecture presentation; (II) initially using the software with teacher during lecture presentation and then by the student to review content; (III) initially with the student using the software to introduce the content and then by the teacher during exposure dialogue. To the medical course it was also possible to use the software trough individual (II / III) and collaborative (II '/ III') learning strategies. The immediate assessment of cognitive performance was based on the calculation of values of normalized gain (g) based on the score of pretests and posttests performed for each class. Cognitive performance in the short and medium term was given by analysis of variance (ANOVA) of summative evaluations and retention assessments, respectively. For immediate cognition, the strategy I figured out with the higher socres. In the short term there was equivalence between strategies and at medium-term the strategies that promote active learning behaviors (II / II 'and III / III') positively stood out. The investigation of the students' perception was based on instruments of perception with assertions that comprised a Likert scale, Likert type items, and semi-structured interviews. The perception of the teacher responsible for undergraduate disciplines involved in the study was collected through an interview. With regard to the material used and the coherence of the activities, perceptions presented were positive. In the perception of the students for the proposed strategies there was noted a resistance to the ones that deconstruct the lecture model. The strategy III / III' was subject to greater opposition, though, in the perception of the teacher in charge, this was the most motivating strategy for valuing the importance of the teacher front students. The reported experience and the results highlight that the introduction of new teaching methods requires the intimate involvement of faculty members, a key aspect of quality of education and to the success of any student
Mestrado
Histologia
Mestra em Biologia Celular e Estrutural
34
Legros, Eve Z. "L'embryon humain : approche pluridisciplinaire pour une tentative de compréhension du concept d'embryon humain en vue d'une amélioration de son insertion dans la sphère juridique." Lille 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LIL20008.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse a pour ambition de comprendre l'embryon humain et son statut, de comprendre pourquoi les propositions concernant le statut actuel de l'embryon ne sont pas satisfaisantes ? Il faut comprendre, ce qu'est l'embryon humain et de quelles façons il est envisagé. Il est question de biologie, de techniques médicales, mais également de philosophie, de religion, d'âme, de volonté, de droit. L'embryon n'existe t-il pas d'un point de vue purement biologique ? N'existe t-il pas d'un point de vue purement spirituel ? Ne mérite t-il pas que l'on pense à lui comme ce qu'il est : l'enfant à naître est le même que celui juste né, à quelques divisions cellulaires près. Il sera question de réflexion qui s'arroge le droit de dire ce qu'il est ou ce qu'il n'est pas ? Quels sont les principes qui guident la réflexion éthique ? Faut-il être près de l'homme ou de la société pour concevoir un statut, ou au contraire mieux vaut s'en éloigner et se rapprocher de Dieu (?) de l'absolu (?) de la nature humaine pour décider ce qu'est ou n'est pas l'embryonThis thesis has the aim of understanding the human embryo and its status, and understanding why the proposals concerning the status are not satisfactory. It si necessary to understand what is the human embryo , and in which way it is viewed. It is a question not only of biology and medical techniques, but equally of philosophy, religion, soul, wish, and law. Does it exist purely from a biological point of view ? Does it exist purely from a spiritual point of view ? Does it merit that we think that a child to be born is the same as a new born child but with some cellular divisions still to be made ? It would require deep thougth for the law to take upon itself to say that it is or is not. What are the principles that guide ethical thought ? It is up to man or society to conceive a status, or otherwise better to distance oneself and leave it to the God of Judgement of human nature to decide what is or is not an embryo ?
35
Bastian, Sandrine. "Caractérisation moléculaire du récepteur B1 humain des kinines." Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20181.
Full text
36
Schleich, Jean-Marc. "Modélisation 3D de la morphogenèse cardiaque : création d'un outil multimédia d'enseignement et de recherche sur le développement normal du coeur humain." Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN1B059.
Full textAbstract:
Enseignement de l'embryologie cardiaque est une tâche indispensable pour la formation des futurs médecins mais représente une réelle difficulté en raison de problèmes de représentation spatiale et temporelle de formes multiples et complexes. L'objectif du travail décrit dans ce mémoire concerne : élaboration d'un outil d'apprentissage sous forme d'une animation tridimensionnelle 3D réalisée en images de synthèse 1) une description médicale du développement cardiaque humain permettant l'écriture du scénario de l'animation, 2) le modelage par un infographiste, sous contrôle du médecin, des formes 3D définies dans l'étape de conceptualisation, et 3) la réalisation d'une séquence dynamique d'objets par morphing 3D permettant de représenter les variations anatomiques observées durant le développement cardiaque. L'outil autonome d'apprentissage définitif, présenté sous forme de cédérom, comporte aussi un outil de manipulation de formes 3D, un texte exhaustif, des références bibliographiques et des séquences d'échocardiographie fætale. La validation de la séquence nous a orienté vers une nouvelle étude, sur la reconstruction 3D de coeurs d'embryons humains de 8 à 12 semaines de grossesse à partir d'images de coupes sériées obtenues par microscopie optique. Cette reconstruction apparaît comme un nouvel outil diagnostique anatomo-pathologique. Les outils multimédias apparaissent ainsi comme une nécessité pour l'enseignement en raison de leur potentialité et interactivité.
37
Muhale, Filipe. "Études morphologiques et fonctionnelles de l'estomac foetal humain xénogreffé chez la souris alymphocytaire T." Nancy 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN11312.
Full textAbstract:
Thèse de doctorat en génie biologique et médicale. Les études expérimentales des développements morphologiques et fonctionnels de l'estomac foetal humain in utero sont éthiquement inconcevables mais leur greffe microchinrrgicale, créée et développée chez les souris alymphocytaires T par le Pr DUPREZ et le Dr ANGIOI, ont rendu possibles de telles études. Ces greffons provenant d'IVG de 6 à 10 semaines de grossesse, prennent à 100 % mais ne dépassent pas 3 x 4 x 4 cm, quel que soit le temps de greffe et des fistules peptiques apparaissent presque toujours après 90 jours de greffe. Les études histologiques, histophysiologiques, ultrastructurales et biochimiques du développement montrent que, 60 jours environ après la greffe, les estomacs ont une muqueuse et une musculeuse matures de type adulte. Les cellules pariétales (A TPase-H+ /K+ et facteur intrinsèque positives), principales (pepsinogènes positives), ECL, G et D se différencient complètement. Le liquide gastrique contient des ions Na +, K+ et Cl-, du mucus, du facteur intrinsèque, des pepsines et de la gastrine. L'étude du chimérisme cellulaire démontre que seuls de rares fibromyoblastes murins sont présents dans le chorion gastrique et que les cellules endothéliales murines sont plus nombreuses avec la durée de la greffe dans les vaisseaux. La sécrétion acide est augmentée par l'injection de pentagastrine et inhibiée par celle d'oméprzole avec modifications, en microscopie électronique, des cellules pariétales. Enfin des greffons ont pu être infectés par Helicobacter pylori avec persistance du germe durant les trois mois d'observation. Tous ces résultats démontrent que le développement in vivo de l'estomac foetal xénogreffé est normal mais plus précoce qu'in utero. Cette accélération de la différenciation sans modification des chronologies est probablement induite par des facteurs épigénétiques provenant de l'hôteIt's ethically unthinkable to study morphological and functional developments of the human stomach in utero. In contrast, the method developed by Pr DUPREZ and Dr ANGIOI, allows such studies. Human foetal stomachs 6-10 week-old from requested legal abortion were microsurgically engrafted in recipient nude and SCID mice. All grafts grew normally, and their size never exceed 3 x 4 x 4 cm whatever the graft delay. Peptic type gastric fistulae uses to develop after 90 graft-days. The development of stomach grafts was studied by using histological, histophysiological, ultrastructural and biochimieal methods and showed that by 60 graft-days glandular and muscular layers were mature as an adult type gastric mucosa. Host cells in stomach xenografts were restricted to some host fibromyoblasts in the lamina propria and to vascular endothelial cells which augmented with the graft duration. ,Parietal cells (H+ /K+ -A TPase and intrinsic factor positives), chief cells (pepsinogen positive), ECL, D and G cells were all fully differentiated. Stomach grafts secreted an acidic gastric juice, containing mucous, Na+, K+ and crions, intrinsic factor, pepsins and gastrin. Acid secretion was increased by pentagastrin and lowered by omeprazole, with modifications of subcellular structures of parietal cells, showed by transmission electron microscopy analysis. Transplants could be infected pennanently by Helicobacter pylori during the three-months of observation. All this results demonstrate that in vivo development of the human foetal stomach xenografts was normal but early than in utero. The acceleration of stomach differentiation but without changing the chronology is probably induced by host epigenetic factors
38
Barbee, Cindy. "Compréhension des mécanismes moléculaires régulant la différenciation des cellules souches embryonnaires murines en cellules folliculaires thyroïdiennes." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/278853.
Full textAbstract:
L’hypothyroïdie congénitale est un des troubles endocriniens les plus fréquents chez l’enfant, touchant un nouveau-né sur 2500.[1] Toutefois, même si quatre facteurs de transcription principaux, NKX2.1, PAX8, FOXE1 et HHEX, sont connus pour être impliqués et nécessaires au développement de la glande thyroïde, seuls 2% des patients atteints de dysgénésies thyroïdiennes sont reliés à une mutation au niveau d’un de ces quatre facteurs de transcription. Ceci suggère que d’autres facteurs, encore inconnus, pourraient jouer un rôle important durant l’organogenèse de la glande thyroïde.[1]Les mécanismes moléculaires contrôlant les différentes étapes du développement thyroïdien étant encore très peu connus, l’objectif de ce projet vise à décrypter le réseau génique contrôlant le développement thyroïdien. Pour se faire, la mise au point d’un protocole d’invalidation de gènes candidats impliqués dans le développement thyroïdien au sein de cellules souches embryonnaires murines à l’aide de la technologie des Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs) a été mis au point. Ce nouveau protocole d’édition ciblée du génome de cellules souches embryonnaires permet la modélisation des différentes mutations identifiées au sein de patients atteints d’hypothyroïdisme congénital mais aussi la compréhension des différents mécanismes impliqués dans le développement de la glande thyroïde lorsque ce protocole est couplé avec notre modèle in vitro de différenciation de cellules souches embryonnaires murines en cellules folliculaires thyroïdiennes. Grâce à l’utilisation combinée de ces deux protocoles, nous avons pu mettre en évidence la nécessité du gène Foxe1 pour la différenciation in vitro correcte des progéniteurs NKX2.1+ en cellules folliculaires thyroïdiennes. Toutefois, il a été démontré qu’une faible proportion de cellules sont toujours capables de générer des follicules thyroïdiens en l’absence du gène Foxe1. Enfin, la génération inattendue de structures pulmonaires tridimensionnelles parmi les cellules Foxe1 KO différenciées avec du 8-br-cAMP a été observée. Cette génération de structures pulmonaires ne semble pas être une conséquence directe de la diminution d’expression du gène Pax8 observée au sein de ces lignées Foxe1 KO mais pourrait refléter un potentiel rôle épigénétique du gène Foxe1 permettant ou non le recrutement de certaines protéines au sein de la chromatine. Le gène Foxe1 semble à la fois jouer un rôle de facteur « pioneer » et de « Gatekeeper » en orientant le destin cellulaire des progéniteurs NKX2.1+ vers une différenciation thyroïdienne à défaut d’une différenciation pulmonaire.Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques (Médecine)
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
39
Etchevers, Heather. "HABILITATION A DIRIGER LES RECHERCHES." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00709758.
Full textAbstract:
Born and educated for the most part in the United States, I have enjoyed the luxury of excellent mentorship during my career thus far as an independent scientist in France. All these mentors have taken it on trust that my training for a Ph.D. also included the necessary tools for directing original research responsibly, at all levels. However, the habilitation is an obligate rite of passage for researchers in France, Germany, Sweden and a number of other European countries. It ensures both that I am competent to not only continue to conduct original research, and that I have a directive seam in my research interests over time that is sufficiently rich to support myself and those trainees who will learn from my experience and contribute their efforts by my side to advancing science. To demonstrate that the faith of these esteemed colleagues has been well-placed since my Ph.D., I hereby present, to the best of my ability, my acquired credentials and my near- to mid-term projects. The over-arching theme of my work has been to identify molecular hallmarks and improve the physiopathological understanding of congenital and progressive conditions implicating a highly plastic embryological cell population known as the neural crest. These neural crest cells (NCC) participate directly or indirectly in the formation of a stunning array of tissues organs during embryogenesis. When the genes regulating the differentiation, proliferation, or migratory and appropriately invasive behavior of NCC are muted, this can lead to associations of pediatric congenital malformations or tumorigenesis. I make use of avian and, more recently, murine models, as well as careful observations effected on tissues derived from normal human embryos, to tease apart those mechanisms.
40
Moindjie, Hadia. "Rôles du Facteur PréImplantatoire (PIF) dans le placenta humain normal et pathologique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV094/document.
Full textAbstract:
Le placenta humain est un organe indispensable au bon déroulement de la grossesse. La villosité choriale est l’unité structurale et fonctionnelle du placenta. Elle est constituée essentiellement de cellules trophoblastiques. Les cytotrophoblastes extra-villeux (CTEV) présentent des propriétés invasives et assurent l’ancrage du placenta dans l’endomètre maternel. De plus, une apoptose physiologique assure le renouvellement des cytotrophoblastes tout au long de la grossesse.Le Facteur Préimplantatoire (PIF) est un peptide de 15 acides aminés, sécrété par des embryons viables. Le PIF exerce un effet autocrine positif sur le développement embryonnaire. Le PIF est également impliqué dans le contrôle de l’immunité et de l’inflammation dans divers types cellulaires.Au cours de ce travail de thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés aux rôles du PIF dans le développement placentaire humain. Dans un premier temps, nous avons caractérisé l’expression protéique du PIF dans des placentas humains de 1er et 3ème trimestre de grossesse.Nous avons montré que i) l’expression du PIF diminue au cours de la grossesse et ii) le PIF est majoritairement exprimé dans les CTEV.Dans un second temps, nous avons mis en évidence que le PIF i) favorise l’invasion trophoblaste et ii) inhibe l’apoptose des CTEV en régulant la voie de signalisation de p53.Par ailleurs, des altérations de l’invasion et de l’apoptose trophoblastiques sont associées à des pathologies de la grossesse telles que la pré-éclampsie et le retard de croissance intra-utérin. Ainsi, dans un dernier temps nous avons montré que l’expression du PIF est diminuée dans des placentas humains de 3ème trimestre issus de grossesses pathologiques par comparaison avec des grossesses normales.L’ensemble de ces résultats démontrent que le PIF est un nouvel acteur de la placentation humaine. De plus, le PIF pourrait être considéré comme un nouveau biomarqueur des pathologies de la grossesseHuman placentation is a critical step in the establishment of a successful pregnancy. The chorionic villus constitutes the structural and functional unit of the placenta. The extravillous trophoblast (EVT) is a placental cell type that differentiates from the highly proliferative cytotrophoblast located at the base of the anchoring villous. EVT have invasive properties, essential for placenta anchoring in the endometrium and uterine artery remodeling. Moreover, programmed cell death is an active process required for normal trophoblastic cell turnover during pregnancy.PreImplantation Factor (PIF) is a 15-amino-acid peptide secreted by developing embryos. PIF exerts autotrophic and protective effects on the embryo. PIF is also implicated in the control of immune and inflammatory processes in various cell types.In this work, we aimed to determine the direct effects of PIF on human placental development.In a first part, we characterized PIF protein expression in first and third trimester human placentas. We showed that PIF protein expression i) decreased over the course of the pregnancy and ii) was higher in EVT compared to villous trophoblast.In a second part, we showed that PIF i) enhanced pro-invasive capacities and ii) prevented cell death by regulating p53 signaling pathway in human EVT.Dysregulation of trophoblastic invasion and apoptosis have been associated with pregnancy pathologies. Thereby, in a last part, we showed that PIF protein expression was lower in placentas from preeclampsia and intra-uterine growth restriction as compared with non-pathological placentas. Altogether, we highlighted for the first time, that PIF is a new positive regulator of placental functions. PIF could be considered as a novel biomarker of a favorable outcome of pregnancy
41
Jouk, Pierre-Simon. "Étude de la topographie des cellules myocardiques au cours du développement embryonnaire et foetal." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10093.
Full textAbstract:
Au cours de la periode embryonnaire et foetale, le coeur poursuit son developpement tout en assurant deja son travail mecanique de pompe. Ceci impose des contraintes mecaniques ayant un role essentiel dans le processus morphogenetique. La presente etude a ete menee pour decrire le pattern topographique des cellules myocardiques au cours du developpement embryonnaire et foetal humain normal. Des methodes quantitatives originales d'etude de l'orientation des cellules myocardiques ont du etre developpees a l'echelle microscopique et macroscopique, basees respectivement sur la microscopie confocale a balayage laser et la microscopie en lumiere polarisee avec acquisition multiparametrique. Des donnees anatomiques et histologiques nouvelles ont ete obtenues. Au stade embryonnaire, la forme generale de chacun des 2 ventricules est definie avant que le pattern caracteristique des trabeculations ne le soit. A la periode foetale, l'architecture des fibres myocardiques est etablie. Nous donnons ici la premiere description precise de l'architecture des fibres myocardique du septum interventriculaire, dont le fonctionnement biomecanique se voit ainsi explicite. L'inference en anatomie pathologique concerne la caracterisation de la desorganisation des cellules myocardiques. En effet, il importe d'interpreter ces zones en connaissance exacte de leur localisation et de l'origine des differents faisceaux de fibres myocardiques qui convergent vers la zone etudiee. C'est ce recadrage dans un contexte plus large qui permet de restituer l'organisation globale du myocarde, a laquelle la zone etudiee participe meme si elle est heterogene du point de vue de l'orientation des cellules
42
Luxardi, Guillaume. "Fonctions biologiques et intégration des signaux BMP, FGF, Nodal et Notch au cours de la différenciation et la morphogenèse de l'embryon de xénope." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX22122/document.
Full textAbstract:
Mon travail de thèse a été principalement de comprendre comment les voies de signalisations contrôlent la différenciation et la morphogenèse de l'embryon de vertébré. Les communications entre cellules sont à la base du développement des métazoaires et de leurs évolutions et sont souvent impliquées dans les pathologies humaines. J'ai profité de la puissance des approches fonctionnelles chez le xenope pour essayer de comprendre comment les signaux BMP, FGF, Nodal et Notch sont intégrés dans le temps et l'espace afin de coordonnées différentes décisions cellulaires. Premièrement, nous avons montré que la voie Nodal est active avant la transition mid-blastuléene et permet l'induction du mesedoderme à travers l'auto régulation de l'expression de ces ligands Xnr5 et Xnr6 (Skirkanish et al. soumis à Development). Deuxièmement, j'ai montré que différent ligand de la voie Nodal contrôlent séquentiellement l'induction du mesendoderm et les mouvements de gastrulation (Luxardi et al., Development, 2010). Troisièmement, j'ai montré qu'un cinquième ligand de la voie Nodal, Xnr4, contrôle la régionalisation médio latérale de la plaque neurale ouverte et la neurogenèse. Quatrièmement, nous avons montré qu'une famille de microARN, nir449, contrôle la différenciation des cellules multi-ciliées à travers son action sur un ligand de la voie Notch, Delta-1 (Marcet et al. Nature Cell Biology, en révision). Enfin, j'ai découvert une nouvelle fonction des signaux BMP dans le control de la spécification des épithéliums muco ciliéMy PhD work generally addressed how signaling pathways control differentiation and morphogenesis in the vertebrate embryo. intercellular communication is the basis of metazoan development and evolution and is often involved in human pathologies. I take advantage of the power of functional approaches in the Xenopus embryo, to try and understand how BMP, FGF, Nodal and Notch signals are intragrated in time ans space to coordinate vatious cellular decisions. First, we showed that Nodal signaling is activated before the mid blastula transition and allow mesendoderm induction through the auro regulation of the expression of its ligands Xnr5 and Xnr6 (Skirkanish et al., submitted to development). Second, I have demonstrated that in a gastrulation movements (Luxardi et al., Development, 2010). Third, I have demonstrated that a fifth Nodal ligand, Xnr4, control medio-lateral patterning of the open neural plate and neurogenesis. Froth, we showed that a microRNA family, mir449, controls differenciation of multiciliated cells through the regulation of the Notch ligand Delta-1 (Marcet et al. Nature Cell Biology, in revision). Last, I have discovered a novel function of the BMP pathway in the control of cell type specification within the epidermal mucocialiary epithelium
43
Corbineau, Sébastien. "Génération de progéniteurs hépatiques dérivés de cellules souches : application à l’hypercholestérolémie familiale." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA114821/document.
Full textAbstract:
La transplantation d’hépatocytes représente une alternative à la transplantation hépatique pour le traitement de certaines maladies métaboliques dont l’hypercholestérolémie familiale. Les cellules souches embryonnaires (ES) et les cellules souches pluripotentes induites (iPS) humaines représentent de nouvelles sources de cellules hépatiques. Nous avons mis au point une approche de différenciation des cellules souches humaines en cellules hépatiques et généré ainsi des cellules dérivées de cellules iPS de patients atteints d’hypercholestérolémie familialeHepatocyte transplantation represents an alternative to liver for the treatment of metabolic diseases including familial hypercholesterolaemia. Embryonic stem cells (ES) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) represent new sources of hepatic cells. We have developed an approach to differentiate human stem cells into hepatic cells and thus we have generated hepatic cells derived from iPS of familial hypercholesterolaemia patients
44
Amsaguine, Siham. "Différenciation du système rénine angiotensine et son activité au cours de l'ontogénèse." Nancy 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10025.
Full textAbstract:
Le système rénine-angiotensine occupe une place considérable dans la régulation de la pression artérielle et de l'homéostasie. La position clé de la rénine dans ce système, lui a valu un grand nombre de travaux biochimiques et immunocytochimiques essentiellement réalisés chez l'adulte. Le nombre réduit de travaux réalisés chez le foetus nous a incité à étudier la différenciation, la maturation et l'activité du système rénine-angiotensine au cours de l'ontogenèse. La différentiation des cellules à rénine s'effectue suivant des modalités comparables chez toutes les espèces étudiées : les cellules granuleuses à rénine apparaissent en premier lieu dans la paroi des artères situées en dehors des structures néphrogènes puis prolifèrent le long des ramifications artérielles intranéphrogènes. La culture organotypique a montré que la différenciation de ces cellules est tributaire de facteurs externes provenant du flûx sanguin ou diffusant à partir des territoires perinéphrogènes. La différenciation des cellules à rénine intrarénale ultérieure se caractérise par l'hyperplasie des cellules à rénine et leur concentration au niveau des appareils juxtaglomérulaires. L'analyse biochimique et électrophorétique a montré que l'hypertrophie des cellules à rénine est consécutive à une augmentation de l'activité biologique enzymatique conduisant à l'accumulation de précurseurs et de formes de maturation intermédiaires attestant de l'hyperactivité biosynthétique de ces cellules. L'innervation sympathique catécholaminergique et peptidergique NPY ne semble pas impliquée dans les processus de différenciation et de maturation des cellules à rénine. La stimulation du système rénine-angiotensine maternel par une dièe sodée, se traduit au niveau foetal par un trouble de croissance et une inhibition des phénomènes de maturation des cellules à rénine. Les procéssus de différenciation ne sont par contre, ni perturbés, ni différés
45
Folligan, Koué. "Profil d’expression de protéines spécifiques au cours du développement de la surrénale humaine et applications a la pathologie (hypoplasie surrénale congénitale)." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10185/document.
Full textAbstract:
L’embryologie de la surrénale humaine et la pathogénie de l’hypoplasie congénitale des surrénales sont mal connues et complexes. L’une pouvant expliquer l’autre, nous présentons, à partir de 119 fœtus humains normaux de12 à 36 semaines de développement (SD), une étude cinétique histologique et moléculaire de la surrénale fœtale et nous décrivons 3 cas d’hypoplasie surrénalienne. Après un rappel des mécanismes moléculaires connus, régulant ensemble l’embryologie surrénalienne, gonadique et hypophysaire et ceux de l’hypoplasie surrénale congénitale, nous présentons nos résultats. Dans la corticosurrénale humaine fœtale normale, les cellules du cortex permanent prolifèrent et, dès la 12ème SD, expriment la NCAM, la 3β-HSD et la P450 c21. Elles ont la capacité de synthétiser des minéralocorticoïdes et/ou du cortisol. Les cellules du cortex fœtal ne prolifèrent pas et expriment ni la 3β-HSD, ni la NCAM. La médullosurrénale est formée par des neuroblastes immatures (CgA-, NCAM+) qui migrent et prolifèrent de la périphérie vers le centre de la glande, où ils se différencient en neuroblastes matures (CgA+). Dans les deux cas d’hypoplasie surrénale de type anencéphalique, avec absence de mutation de DAX-1 et de SF-1, la dysembryoplasie surrénalienne est probablement d’origine hypophysaire, par absence de cellules gonadotropes. Dans le 3ème cas, jamais décrit, associant un RCIU, une hypoplasie surrénalienne congénitale, une ambiguïté sexuelle, une absence de différenciation des cellules antéhypophysaires, l’absence de mutation de gènes connus (DAX-1, SF-1, SRY, FGF9, SOX2, SOX3, SOX5 et SOX9) suggère l’existence de nouveaux gènes régulant la différenciation précoce de ces trois glandes endocrinesThe embryology of the human adrenal and the pathogenesis of the hypoplasia adrenal congenital are complex and not well known. We studied the histological and functional characteristics of the fetal human adrenal in normal fetuses aged 12 to 36 weeks development (WD) and presented three cases of congenital adrenal hypoplasia with pituitary abnormalities. In the human fetal adrenal cortex, only the cells of the definitive zone proliferate from the 12th WD. We observe the expression of an adherence protein (NCAM) and of two steroidogenesis enzymes (3β-HSD and P450 c21) in the definitive zone cells, attesting to the capacity of these cells to synthesize mineralocorticoids and/or cortisol. In the fetal zone, only P450 c21 immunoreactivity is detected. The adrenal medulla is formed by immature neuroblasts (CgA -, NCAM+) which migrate and proliferate from the periphery toward the center of the gland, where they differentiate in mature neuroblasts (CgA+). In the two cases of congenital adrenal hypoplasia of anencephalic type without DAX 1 and SF-1 mutation, the cause is probably from pituitary origin and related to absence of gonadotrope cells. In the third case of congenital adrenal hypoplasia, never described, combining a retard intrauterine development, a congenital adrenal hypoplasia, sexual ambiguity, pituitary abnormalities. The absence of mutation of known genes (DAX -1, SF -1, SRY, FGF9, SOX2, SOX3, SOX5 and SOX9) suggests the existence of new genes regulating early differentiation of the adrenal, the gonad and the pituitary
46
Keller, Laetitia. "Ressources cellulaires mésenchymateuses pour l'ingénierie de l'organe dentaire." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00766865.
Full textAbstract:
Notre équipe a développé un protocole d'ingénierie de l'organe dentaire basé sur la biomimétique et l'utilisation de cellules dentaires embryonnaires dissociées. La recherche de ressources cellulaires permettant d'éviter le recours aux cellules embryonnaire reste un défi majeur, et nécessite une meilleure connaissance des paramètres limitants. Nous avons testé les potentialités odontogènes de lignées cellulaires, dentaires ou non, embryonnaires ou adultes. Le développement dentaire étant contrôlé par des interactions réciproques entre ectomésenchyme dérivé des crêtes neurales et épithélium, ces cellules ont été réassociés à un épithélium dentaire compétent. Nous avons recherché la formation de dents in vitro et/ou après implantation chez la souris adulte et étudié un certain nombre de paramètres biologiques et techniques. Ainsi, nous avons étudié l'impact de l'âge, de la mise en culture, et de l'hétérogénéité cellulaire sur les potentialités odontogènes des cellules mésenchymateuses. Nos résultats montrent que le potentiel odontogène des différentes lignées mésenchymateuses testées pouvait être lié à l'âge des cellules et qu'il est perdu lorsque les cellules mésenchymateuses sont cultivées avant d'être ré-associées. Ceci pouvant s'expliquer par un changement phénotypique, nous avons testé un certain nombre de gènes essentiels au développement dentaire, et suivi l'expression de marqueurs de surface. Les changements observés peuvent être liés à une sélection cellulaire in vitro pouvant conduire à des modifications de l'hétérogénéité des cellules en monocouche.
47
Garrett, Frances Mary. "Narratives of embryology : becoming human in Tibetan literature /." 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3131460.
Full text
48
Trinh, Le A. "Heart tube morphogenesis : Genetic and cellular analyses in zebrafish /." 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/search.
Full text
49
Hanigan, Timothy A. "The role of thrombospondin 1 in embryonic vasculogenesis and angiogenesis thesis submitted in partial fulfillment ... for the degree of Master of Science in Orthodontics ... /." 1994. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/68798291.html.
Full text
50
GIANCANI, ADRIANO. "Chromosomal and functional characterization of the early stages of human embryogenesis." Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/1349894.
Full textAbstract:
The main objective of modern IVF is to maximize the effectiveness of the times to achieve a pregnancy and at the same time also manage the risks, looking for new predictive parameters of the embryonic developmental competence. The analysis of embryo morphodynamic growth is not associated with its euploidy or implantation competence. However, some static parameters of embryo quality might exist that could be associated with embryo competence beyond its chromosomal constitution. The aims of this project are: i) To study from a morphodynamic, genetic and clinical point of view, embryos that show an abnormal development during preimplantation growth, in particular, the exclusion of cells (ExC) from embryonic mass at the moment of morulation. ii) Trying to understand if the morphodynamic characterization of euploid blastocyst development allows a higher prediction of live-birth (LB) after single-embryo-transfers (SET). For both the aims set in this Ph.D. project, preimplantation development and morphodynamic growth of embryos were observed in a time-lapse culture system (Embryoscope, Vitrolife). For the first aim, our preliminary data show that the exclusion of cells from the body of the blastocyst could be not-intuitively associated to a higher competence resulting from the embryonic capacity to overcome an abnormal cleavage pattern occurred in the very first divisions before the activation of the embryonic genome (4 to 8cell stage in humans). It is exciting the future perspective of collecting the ExC aiming at analyzing them through the karyomapping technology as well as biochemical assays, to better describe both the chromosomal segregation and the cellular physiology. For the second aim, we have divided the study into two phases in collaboration with 3 IVF Centers. In phase1, 511 first euploid SETs from 1069 patients undergoing preimplantation-genetic-testing-for-aneuploidies (PGT-A) cycles at 2 IVF centers were investigated (training set). All embryos were cultured in a specific time-lapse incubator with continuous media. The data from the time of polar-body-extrusion to time starting-blastulation were collected. Trophectoderm (TE) and inner-cell-mass (ICM) static morphology were also assessed. Logistic regressions were conducted to outline a predictive model of LB, whose power was estimated through a ROC-curve. In phase2, this model was tested in an independent dataset of 319 consecutive SETs from 546 PGT-A cycles at 3 IVF centers (validation set). The average LB-rate in the training set was 40% (N=207/511). Only time-of-morulation (tM) and trophectoderm quality were outlined as putative predictors of LB at both centers. The model showed a significant AUC (area under the curve) of 0.65. In the validation set, the euploid blastocysts characterized by tM<80hr and high-quality trophectoderm resulted in an LB-rate of 55.2% (n=37/67), while those with tM≥80hr and a low-quality trophectoderm resulted in an LB-rate of 25.5% (N=13/51;p<0.01). The ROC-curve analysis pictured an AUC of 0.6. A model including tM and trophectoderm quality involves a better prediction of euploid blastocyst reproductive competence. This model was reproducible across different centers under specific culture conditions. These data support the crucial role of morulation for embryo development, a stage that involves massive morphological, cellular and molecular changes requiring more investigations. Moreover, important guidelines for IVF laboratories that do not conduct a time-lapse-based embryo culture may arise from these two studies.