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Journal articles on the topic 'Embryotoxicity test'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 September 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2025

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1

Peterka, M., and R. Peterkova. "Estimation of isotretinoin embryotoxicity using the chick embryotoxicity test." Reproductive Toxicology 6, no. 2 (1992): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0890-6238(92)90144-i.

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2

Maňáková, Eva, Lucie H. Hubičková, Jana Košťálová, and Zdena Zemanová. "Embryotoxicity of Mirtazapine: A study using Chick Embryotoxicity Screening Test." Reproductive Toxicology 30, no. 2 (2010): 240–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2010.05.066.

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3

Romero, Andrea C., Eugenio Vilanova, and Miguel A. Sogorb. "Shortening and Improving the Embryonic Stem Cell Test through the Use of Gene Biomarkers of Differentiation." Journal of Toxicology 2011 (2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/286034.

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The embryonic Stem cell Test (EST) is a validated assay for testing embryotoxicityin vitro. The total duration of this protocol is 10 days, and its main end-point is based on histological determinations. It is suggested that improvements on EST must be focused toward molecular end-points and, if possible, to reduce the total assay duration. Five days of exposure of D3 cells in monolayers under spontaneous differentiation to 50 ng/mL of the strong embryotoxic 5-fluorouracil or to 75 μg/mL of the weak embryotoxic 5,5-diphenylhydeantoin caused between 20 and 74% of reductions in the expression of

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4

Boehn, Susanne, Hennicke Kamp, Tanja Kaufmann, et al. "Modification and evaluation of the chicken embryotoxicity screening test (CHEST) as in vitro test system for embryotoxicity." Toxicology Letters 189 (September 2009): S82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.06.248.

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5

Lingfeng Li, Zhen Chen, Zihe Zheng, and Xiaofu Dai. "Toxicology of milrinone by zebrafish embryotoxicity test." Cellular and Molecular Biology 70, no. 5 (2024): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.14715/cmb/2024.70.5.12.

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6

Delaroche, L., P. Oger, E. Genauzeau, et al. "Embryotoxicity testing of IVF disposables: how do manufacturers test?" Human Reproduction 35, no. 2 (2020): 283–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dez277.

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Abstract STUDY QUESTION How do manufacturers perform embryotoxicity testing in their quality control programs when validating IVF consumables? SUMMARY ANSWER The Mouse Embryo Assay (MEA) and Human Sperm Survival Assay (HSSA) used for IVF disposables differed from one manufacturer to another. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Many components used in IVF laboratories, such as culture media and disposable consumables, may negatively impact human embryonic development. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Through a questionnaire-based survey, the main manufacturers of IVF disposable devices were contacted during the

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7

Imai, Koichi, Fumio Watari, Kazuaki Nakamura, and Akito Tanoue. "Study of the C60 Fullerene on Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells." Key Engineering Materials 529-530 (November 2012): 385–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.529-530.385.

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The risks of nanomaterials for future generations should be elucidated. Thus, it is important to establish an experimental method to accurately examine embryotoxicity. We have conducted anin vitroembryotoxicity test with mouse ES cells to examine the embryotoxicities of various nanomaterials. In this study, the C60 fullerene did not influence the differentiation of ES-D3 cells and "non embryotoxicity". In the future, the biological safety should be comprehensively examined by improving dispersion in medium.

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8

Hermsen, Sanne A. B., Evert-Jan van den Brandhof, and Aldert H. Piersma. "Relative embryotoxicity of 1,2,4-triazoles in the zebrafish embryotoxicity test and comparison with their in vivo potencies." Reproductive Toxicology 30, no. 2 (2010): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2010.05.060.

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9

Manzo, S. "Sea urchin embryotoxicity test: proposal for a simplified bioassay." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 57, no. 2 (2004): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2003.10.007.

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10

Walker, Lauren Michelle, Nicole R. L. Sparks, Veronica Puig-Sanvicens, Beatriz Rodrigues, and Nicole I. zur Nieden. "An Evaluation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Test for Cardiac Developmental Toxicity." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 15 (2021): 8114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22158114.

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To prevent congenital defects arising from maternal exposure, safety regulations require pre-market developmental toxicity screens for industrial chemicals and pharmaceuticals. Traditional embryotoxicity approaches depend heavily on the use of low-throughput animal models which may not adequately predict human risk. The validated embryonic stem cell test (EST) developed in murine embryonic stem cells addressed the former problem over 15 years ago. Here, we present a proof-of-concept study to address the latter challenge by updating all three endpoints of the classic mouse EST with endpoints de

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11

Beekhuijzen, Manon, Coco de Koning, Selinda de Vries-Buitenweg, et al. "Zebrafish embryotoxicity test (ZET): The importance of internal exposure analyses." Reproductive Toxicology 48 (September 2014): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2014.07.044.

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12

Menezes, Tamires Meira, Wyndly Daniel Cardoso Gaião, Larissa Caroline de Almeida Sousa Lima, et al. "Evaluation of acute oral toxicity, embryotoxicity and cytotoxicity of the polar fraction of Parkinsonia aculeata aerial parts extract." Toxicology Research 9, no. 1 (2020): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxres/tfz002.

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Abstract Ethnopharmacobotanical information reports that Parkinsonia aculeata infusion is used to control diabetes-related complications and dyslipidemia. However, few studies are reported on the safe use of this species. The aim of this study is to evaluate the acute toxicity, embryotoxicity and cytotoxicity of a polar fraction obtained from hydroethanolic extract of P. aculeata (PfrHEPA). For the acute toxicity test, we considered the Up and Down method which the guidelines are described by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD N°425). The animals were treated with

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13

Hermsen, Sanne A. B., Evert-Jan van den Brandhof, Leo T. M. van der Ven, and Aldert H. Piersma. "Relative embryotoxicity of two classes of chemicals in a modified zebrafish embryotoxicity test and comparison with their in vivo potencies." Toxicology in Vitro 25, no. 3 (2011): 745–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2011.01.005.

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14

Scholz, G., E. Genschow, I. Pohl, et al. "Prevalidation of the Embryonic Stem Cell Test (EST)—A New In Vitro Embryotoxicity Test." Toxicology in Vitro 13, no. 4-5 (1999): 675–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0887-2333(99)00046-6.

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15

Liu, Hui, Caiping Ren, Weidong Liu, et al. "Embryotoxicity estimation of commonly used compounds with embryonic stem cell test." Molecular Medicine Reports 16, no. 1 (2017): 263–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.6552.

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16

Cao, F., F. Chen, Z. Su, L. Li, A. Huang, and H. Xu. "Evaluation of Embryotoxicity of Radix scutellariae Based on Embryonic Stem Test." Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 14, no. 3 (2015): 431. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v14i3.11.

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17

Seiler, Andrea E. M., and Horst Spielmann. "The validated embryonic stem cell test to predict embryotoxicity in vitro." Nature Protocols 6, no. 7 (2011): 961–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2011.348.

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18

Jomaa, Barae. "Developmental toxicity of thyroid-active compounds in a zebrafish embryotoxicity test." ALTEX 31, no. 3 (2014): 303–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.14573/altex.1402011.

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19

Vecchione, Lucia, Micol Massimiani, Antonella Camaioni, et al. "A comparative study of metal oxide nanoparticles embryotoxicity using the embryonic stem cell test." BioNanoMaterials 14, no. 1-2 (2013): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bnm-2013-0008.

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AbstractMany in vitro studies demonstrated that metal oxide nanoparticles like zinc oxide and titanium dioxide are versatile platforms for industrial and biomedical applications. In this paper, investigation of the embryotoxic potential of these nanoparticles using the Embryonic stem Cells Test (EST) was evaluated. The EST is a validated in vitro toxicity test used to predict embryotoxicity of soluble chemical compounds, which only recently has been applied to nanoparticles, demonstrating its suitability also in nanotoxicology. Through such test, we were able to classify zinc oxide nanoparticl

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20

Jomaa, Barae, Sanne Hermsen, Maurijn Kessels, et al. "A zebrafish embryotoxicity test detects the developmental toxicity of thyroid-active compounds." Toxicology Letters 229 (September 2014): S136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.06.480.

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21

Combes, Robert David. "The ‘μEST’ in vitro test for embryotoxicity – Validated and endorsed or not?" Toxicology in Vitro 23, № 2 (2009): 360–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2008.11.014.

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22

Gonçalves, Micael F. M., Rita C. Bicho, Alexandra Rêma, Amadeu M. V. M. Soares, Augusto M. R. Faustino, and Mónica J. B. Amorim. "Development of an embryotoxicity test for Enchytraeus crypticus – The effect of Cd." Chemosphere 139 (November 2015): 386–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.07.021.

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23

Eliso, Maria Concetta, Ilaria Corsi, Loredana Manfra, and Antonietta Spagnuolo. "Phenotypic and Gene Expression Profiles of Embryo Development of the Ascidian Ciona robusta Exposed to Dispersants." Water 14, no. 10 (2022): 1539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14101539.

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Within EU approval policies, most dispersant ecotoxicity testing considers lethal concentrations for marine adult species, overlooking the embryotoxicological effects. Here we studied the ecotoxicity of two commercial dispersant formulations (dispersant A and B) on the embryogenesis of the ascidian Ciona robusta. Embryotoxicity and phenotypic alterations stated that dispersant B resulted more toxic than A (EC50 value of 44.30 and 160 μg mL−1, respectively) and induced severe larvae malformations at lower concentrations. Furthermore, the analysis of genes involved in different cellular response

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24

Bremer, Susanne, Cristian Pellizzer, Sarah Adler, Martin Paparella, and Jan de Lange. "Development of a Testing Strategy for Detecting Embryotoxic Hazards of Chemicals In Vitro by using Embryonic Stem Cell Models." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 30, no. 2_suppl (2002): 107–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119290203002s16.

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The importance of developing in vitro tests for embryotoxicity is discussed, and ECVAM's work with its collaborators is summarised. Studies are in progress to find new endpoints for use in the scientifically validated embryonic stem (ES) cell test, so that the potential for chemical effects on endodermal, mesodermal and/or ectodermal differentiation can be identified. This involves, inter alia, the use of genetically modified ES cells.

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25

Spielmann, Horst, and Manfred Liebsch. "Validation Successes: Chemicals." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 30, no. 2_suppl (2002): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119290203002s05.

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The ECVAM validation concept, which was defined at two validation workshops held in Amden (Switzerland) in 1990 and 1994, and which takes into account the essential elements of prevalidation and biostatistically defined prediction models, has been officially accepted by European Union (EU) Member States, by the Federal regulatory agencies of the USA, and by the OECD. The ECVAM validation concept was introduced into the ongoing ECVAM/COLIPA validation study of in vitro phototoxicity tests, which ended successfully in 1998. The 3T3 neutral red uptake in vitro phototoxicity test was the first exp

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26

Cahova, Jana, Jana Blahova, Lucie Plhalova, Zdenka Svobodova, and Caterina Faggio. "Do Single-Component and Mixtures Selected Organic UV Filters Induce Embryotoxic Effects in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)?" Water 13, no. 16 (2021): 2203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13162203.

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UVs are important ingredients in common cosmetic products (e.g., sunscreens, hairsprays, soap). After their use, they can enter the aquatic ecosystem and negatively affect non-target aquatic organisms. The aim of our study was to evaluate acute embryotoxicity of selected organic UVs 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid (PBSA), ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (EHMC), octocrylene (OC), 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC) and benzophenone-3 (BP-3). The chemicals were tested both as a single substance and their mixtures. The types of mixtures were chosen as follows: the combination of OC and 4-MBC; t

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27

Sangermano, Felicia, Marco Masi, Amrish Kumar, et al. "In Vitro and In Vivo Toxicity Evaluation of Natural Products with Potential Applications as Biopesticides." Toxins 13, no. 11 (2021): 805. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13110805.

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The use of natural products in agriculture as pesticides has been strongly advocated. However, it is necessary to assess their toxicity to ensure their safe use. In the present study, mammalian cell lines and fish models of the zebrafish (Danio rerio) and medaka (Oryzias latipes) have been used to investigate the toxic effects of ten natural products which have potential applications as biopesticides. The fungal metabolites cavoxin, epi-epoformin, papyracillic acid, seiridin and sphaeropsidone, together with the plant compounds inuloxins A and C and ungeremine, showed no toxic effects in mamma

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28

Chen, Rui, Jing Chen, Shujun Cheng, et al. "Assessment of embryotoxicity of compounds in cosmetics by the embryonic stem cell test." Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods 20, no. 3 (2010): 112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/15376510903585450.

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29

Galanjuk, S., E. Zuehr, A. Doenmez, J. Tigges, and E. Fritsche. "Characterization of the Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (HIPS)-Test to Predict Embryotoxicity." Toxicology Letters 350 (September 2021): S143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4274(21)00579-8.

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30

Clemann, Nicole, and Matthias Festag. "Molecular and cellular endpoints of embryotoxicity in the embryonic stem cell test (EST)." Toxicology Letters 189 (September 2009): S53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.06.083.

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31

Bošnjak, Ivana, Tanja Šegvić, Tvrko Smital, Jasna Franekić, and Ivona Mladineo. "Sea Urchin Embryotoxicity Test for Environmental Contaminants—Potential Role of the MRP Proteins." Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 217, no. 1-4 (2010): 627–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-010-0615-6.

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32

Pereira, Aryelle Canedo, Tânia Gomes, Mônica Rodrigues Ferreira Machado, and Thiago Lopes Rocha. "The zebrafish embryotoxicity test (ZET) for nanotoxicity assessment: from morphological to molecular approach." Environmental Pollution 252 (September 2019): 1841–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2019.06.100.

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33

Heuer, J., S. Bremer, I. Pohl, and H. Spielmann. "Development of an in vitro embryotoxicity test using murine embryonic stem cell cultures." Toxicology in Vitro 7, no. 4 (1993): 551–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0887-2333(93)90064-c.

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34

Lyng, R. Douglas. "Test of six chemicals for embryotoxicity using fetal mouse salivary glands in culture." Teratology 39, no. 6 (1989): 591–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tera.1420390610.

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35

Koëter, H. B. W. M., and A. Bär. "Embryotoxicity and Teratogenicity Studies with Lactitol in Rats." Journal of the American College of Toxicology 11, no. 2 (1992): 249–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10915819209141502.

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The embryotoxicity/teratogenicity of lactitol, a polyol sugar substitute, was examined in Wistar-derived Cpb:WU rats. Lactitol was fed at dietary concentrations of 0, 2, 5, and 10% to groups of 25 female rats which were pretreated in utero and subsequently received lactitol after birth, for 15 weeks prior to mating and from day 0 to 21 of pregnancy. The treatment was generally well tolerated; however, body weights of the 10% lactitol group were lower during the premating period and subsequently during pregnancy. Weight gain during gestation, food consumption, and food efficiency was similar in

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36

Galanjuk, Saskia, Etta Zühr, Arif Dönmez, et al. "The Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Test as an Alternative Method for Embryotoxicity Testing." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 6 (2022): 3295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23063295.

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The evaluation of substances for their potency to induce embryotoxicity is controlled by safety regulations. Test guidelines for reproductive and developmental toxicity rely mainly on animal studies, which make up the majority of animal usage in regulatory toxicology. Therefore, there is an urgent need for alternative in vitro methods to follow the 3R principles. To improve human safety, cell models based on human cells are of great interest to overcome species differences. Here, human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are an ideal cell source as they largely recapitulate embryonic stem

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37

Wang, Wen-Qian, Hao-Hao Chen, Wen-Jun Zhao, Ke-Ming Fang, Hong-Jie Sun, and Feng-Yun Zhu. "Ecotoxicological assessment of spent battery extract using zebrafish embryotoxicity test: A multi-biomarker approach." Chemosphere 287 (January 2022): 132120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132120.

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38

Barenys, Marta, Anna Molins, Lola Amorós-Galicia, Burkhard Flick, and Jesús Gómez-Catalán. "Implementation of a functional endpoint to the zebrafish embryotoxicity test to evaluate craniofacial abnormalities." Toxicology in Vitro 61 (December 2019): 104638. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2019.104638.

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39

Vinšová, Jarmila, Karel Kosař, and Evžen Kasafírek. "Spirocyclic Dipeptides of 1-Amino-1-cyclohexanecarboxylic Acid." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 59, no. 1 (1994): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19940195.

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Spirocyclic cyclodipeptides with 1-amino-1-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid of the general formula cyclo(-Ach-A-), where A is Gly, L-Ala, D-Ala, L-Val, D-Val, L-Leu, D-Leu, D-Pgl, L-Phe or D-Phe, have been prepared by cyclization of the corresponding linear dipeptide methyl esters. The peptides cyclo(-L- or D-Ala-Ach-), cyclo(-L-Val-Ach-) and cyclo(-D-Leu-Ach-) show higher activity in the Chick Embryotoxicity Screening Test when compared with derivatives containing 1-amino-1-cyclopentanecarboxylic acid or 1-amino-1-cyclobutanecarboxylic acid.

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40

Bekešová, Barbora, Vladimír Petrilla, Magdaléna Polláková, et al. "A Comparative Analysis of the Cytotoxic and Vascular Activity Effects of Western Diamondback Rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox) and Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake (Crotalus adamanteus) Venoms Using a Chick Embryo Model." Animals 14, no. 11 (2024): 1634. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14111634.

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Crotalus snakebites induce various toxicological effects, encompassing neurological, myotoxic, and cytotoxic symptoms, with potentially fatal outcomes. Investigating venom toxicity is essential for public health, and developing new tools allows for these effects to be studied more comprehensively. The research goals include the elucidation of the physiological consequences of venom exposure and the assessment of toxicity using animal models. Chicken embryos serve as valuable models for assessing venom toxicity through the chick embryotoxicity screening test (CHEST) and the chick chorioallantoi

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41

Riebeling, Christian, Katrin Hayess, Annelieke K. Peters, et al. "Assaying embryotoxicity in the test tube: Current limitations of the embryonic stem cell test (EST) challenging its applicability domain." Critical Reviews in Toxicology 42, no. 5 (2012): 443–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10408444.2012.674483.

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42

Mektrirat, Raktham, Terdsak Yano, Siriporn Okonogi, Wasan Katip, and Surachai Pikulkaew. "Phytochemical and Safety Evaluations of Volatile Terpenoids from Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. on Mature Carp Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells and Embryonic Zebrafish." Molecules 25, no. 3 (2020): 613. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25030613.

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Pharmaceutical products of essential oil from Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. are extensively being developed, while the research on their safety is seldom documented. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the phytochemical profile and the effect of cassumunar ginger oil on cell-based assay and the zebrafish model. The essential oil was isolated from fresh rhizomes of Z. cassumunar using simultaneous steam-distillation. Chemical composition was analyzed using gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Effect of cassumunar ginger oil on adult carp fish peripheral blood mononucle

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43

LI, LIN-YAN, FEN-FANG CAO, ZHI-JIAN SU, et al. "Assessment of the embryotoxicity of four Chinese herbal extracts using the embryonic stem cell test." Molecular Medicine Reports 12, no. 2 (2015): 2348–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2015.3598.

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44

Gao, Yan-Jie, Hao-Jun Zhu, Yi Chen, Yun-He Li, Yu-Fa Peng, and Xiu-Ping Chen. "Safety Assessment of Bacillus thuringiensis Insecticidal Proteins Cry1C and Cry2A with a Zebrafish Embryotoxicity Test." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 66, no. 17 (2018): 4336–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01070.

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45

Pype, Casper, Evy Verbueken, Moayad A. Saad, et al. "Antioxidants reduce reactive oxygen species but not embryotoxicity in the metabolic Danio rerio test (mDarT)." Reproductive Toxicology 72 (September 2017): 62–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.06.132.

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46

Hermsen, Sanne A. B., Tessa E. Pronk, Evert-Jan van den Brandhof, Leo T. M. van der Ven, and Aldert H. Piersma. "Concentration-Response Analysis of Differential Gene Expression in the Zebrafish Embryotoxicity Test Following Flusilazole Exposure." Toxicological Sciences 127, no. 1 (2012): 303–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfs092.

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47

Baek, Dae Hyun, Tae Gyun Kim, Hwa Kyung Lim, et al. "Embryotoxicity assessment of developmental neurotoxicants using a neuronal endpoint in the embryonic stem cell test." Journal of Applied Toxicology 32, no. 8 (2011): 617–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jat.1747.

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48

Vinšová, Jarmila, Karel Kosař, and Evžen Kasafírek. "Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activity of Spirocyclic Cyclodipeptides, Derivatives of 1-Amino-1-cyclobutanecarboxylic Acid." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 58, no. 12 (1993): 2987–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19932987.

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A series of chiral spirocyclic cyclodipeptides of the general formula I was synthesized; the aim was to determine how the substitution of cyclobutane for cyclopentane in cyclo(-alanyl-1-amino-1-cyclopentanecarbonyl-) would influence the inhibition of the proliferative activity of the caudal morphogenic system (CMS) of Chick embryos. Spirocyclic cyclodipeptides Ia - Il were obtained by cyclization of linear dipeptides IIa - IIf, prepared by condensation of protected amino acids by DCCI method. The inhibition was investigated by the Chick Embryotoxicity Screening Test. The results show generally

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49

Irfan Norazhar, Anis, Wan Norhamidah Wan Ibrahim, Nur Atikah Saleh Hodin, Siti Munirah Mohd Faudzi, and Khozirah Shaari. "Zebrafish Embryotoxicity and Teratogenic Effects of Christia vespertilionis Leaf Extract." Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science 45, no. 2 (2022): 351–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.47836/pjtas.45.2.01.

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Christia vespertilionis or butterfly wings is a traditional medicinal plant used to treat, among others, colds and bronchitis. The plant was also reported to be a remedy for cancer, with several products based on the plant becoming commercially available, raising some safety concerns on its consumption. The present study was carried out to assess the toxic and teratogenic effects of the plant on the embryonic development of zebrafish (Danio rerio) as the animal model. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 μg/mL of the methanolic leaf extract of C. vespertilionis, startin

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50

Adam, Aziza Hussein Bakheit, Laura H. J. de Haan, Jochem Louisse, Ivonne M. C. M. Rietjens, and Lenny Kamelia. "Assessment of the in vitro developmental toxicity of diethylstilbestrol and estradiol in the zebrafish embryotoxicity test." Toxicology in Vitro 72 (April 2021): 105088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105088.

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