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Vance, Carter. "Unwilling Consumers: A Historical Materialist Conception of Compulsory Sexuality." Studies in Social Justice 12, no. 1 (2018): 133–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.26522/ssj.v12i1.1537.
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This paper seeks to expand the work of Marxist-feminist scholars Rosemary Hennessy and Nancy Fraser by placing it into conversation with the emerging work of scholars of asexuality and asexual identity. In resisting the tendency to reify the identity category of “asexual” as a newly emerging and dialogically structured identity which stands in opposition to the “allosexual,” this paper will rather attempt to determine its nature as a historically structured and contingent emergence of a particular moment in neoliberal capitalism. From this, it will argue that there need not be a tension between the notions of “compulsory sexuality” and “sexusociety” developed by scholars such as Elizabeth Emens and Ela Przybylo. It will be demonstrated that asexuality can be used as a positional tool in order to illuminate the totality of sexuality as a reified and commodified entity under late capitalism, one which is useful for understanding and resisting the capitalist historical (re)organization of human potentials for sensation and affect.
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Emens, Leisha A., Leonard D. Goldstein, Peter Schmid, et al. "The tumor microenvironment (TME) and atezolizumab + nab-paclitaxel (A+nP) activity in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC): IMpassion130." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (2021): 1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.1006.
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1006 Background: IMpassion130 was the first randomized phase 3 study to show clinical benefit of cancer immunotherapy (CIT) in untreated PD-L1+ mTNBC. Enhanced A + nP efficacy vs placebo (P) + nP was seen in pts with a richer immune TME but was confined to PD-L1 IC+ pts (PD-L1–expressing immune cells on ≥1% of tumor area; Emens JNCI 2021). While TNBC molecular subtyping and CD8 localization are prognostic in early TNBC, it is unknown whether these features are associated with CIT benefit in mTNBC. This exploratory analysis aimed to identify TME components associated with A + nP efficacy in IMpassion130. Methods: IHC was used to assess PD-L1 status (VENTANA SP142) and immune phenotypes (inflamed/excluded/desert per CD8 stromal/intratumoral localization; Mariathasan Nature 2018). RNA-seq was used for molecular subtyping (Burstein CCR 2015) and pathway analyses (MSigDB Hallmark). Cox regression was used to compare PFS/OS between A + nP vs P + nP, adjusted for prior taxanes, liver mets. Results: Sample classification and PD-L1 distribution are shown (Table). Improved PFS with A + nP vs P + nP was seen in PD-L1 IC+ inflamed and excluded tumors, but improved OS was limited to PD-L1 IC+ inflamed tumors. PD-L1 IC+ basal-like immune activated (BLIA) and immune suppressed (BLIS) subgroups derived PFS benefit, but OS benefit was limited to PD-L1 IC+ BLIA subgroups. In PD-L1 IC+ pts, pathway analysis identified proliferation/DNA damage repair (basal-like tumor features) and angiogenesis/ER response (higher in luminal androgen receptor [LAR]/ mesenchymal [MES] tumors) were associated with improved and reduced PFS, respectively. Conclusions: PD-L1 IC+ immune-inflamed tumors and PD-L1 IC+ BLIA tumors show highest CIT sensitivity, and LAR tumors may be resistant to CIT. These data warrant further study and validation. Clinical trial information: NCT02425891 .[Table: see text]
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MECHCATIE, ELIZABETH. "Plavix, Emend." Skin & Allergy News 37, no. 11 (2006): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0037-6337(06)71682-5.
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MECHCATIE, ELIZABETH. "Plavix, Emend." Family Practice News 36, no. 20 (2006): 58–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0300-7073(06)74056-7.
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MECHCATIE, ELIZABETH. "Plavix, Emend." Internal Medicine News 39, no. 19 (2006): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1097-8690(06)74251-2.
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Prommer, Eric. "Aprepitant (EMEND)." Journal of Pain & Palliative Care Pharmacotherapy 19, no. 3 (2005): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j354v19n03_06.
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Prommer, Eric. "Aprepitant (EMEND)." Journal Of Pain & Palliative Care Pharmacotherapy 19, no. 3 (2005): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j354v19n03_06.
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Marchand, Morgan. "New models in old frameworks? Contributions to the extension of international management theories through the analysis of emerging multinationals." International Journal of Emerging Markets 13, no. 3 (2018): 499–517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoem-03-2016-0070.
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Purpose The extent to which emerging multinational enterprises (EMNEs) challenge extant international management (IM) theories is a question under current discussion. The purpose of this paper is to confront two classic theories (internationalization process model (IPM) and post-acquisition integration types) to several EMNEs strategies within their initial conceptual frameworks, exploring how their practices lead to extend and update existing models. Design/methodology/approach This paper compares the classic IPM with the development stages of iconic EMNEs. This reveals how EMNEs’ strategies can be analyzed within extant conceptual frameworks, extending their theoretical content. This approach is then applied to an empirical study of post-acquisition integrations conducted in France by EMNEs from 11 countries of origin. Findings Two theories are discussed, with suggested updates, within their extant frameworks, taking into account EMNEs’ strategies. First, the initial IPM is re-explored to reveal concentrated paths, from all quadrants of the framework. Similarly, post-integration typologies are updated, including the partnering approach frequently implemented by EMNEs, and the holding approach empirically identified with some specific features (subjection). Originality/value This paper combines an analysis of some iconic EMNEs’ internationalization processes and empirical data on up-market acquisitions by EMNEs from diverse countries of origin. It provides suggestions to update two IM theories.
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Hill, Daniel S., Leigh Cowling, Fleur Jackson, Richard Parry, Robert G. Taylor, and Jonathan P. Wyatt. "ED, email, emess!" Emergency Medicine Journal 30, no. 1 (2011): 68–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/emermed-2011-200741.
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Xie, Yu, Yi-Fei Du, Francis Boadu, and Xuan-Ya Shi. "Executives’ Assessments of Evolutionary and Leapfrog Modes: An Ambidexterity Explanation Logic." Sustainability 10, no. 8 (2018): 2893. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10082893.
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Under the background of resource dependence, it is of great significance to study the emerging market multinationals’ (EMNEs) entry mode into international market. How do complementary assets and expansion opportunities in a host country market influence the EMNEs executive’s entry mode choice? We adopt policy capture method to designed questionnaire and administered to high-level EMNEs executives in China. The results show that the availability of complementary assets in the host country market have a positive influence on EMNEs executives’ evolutionary and leapfrog entry modes choice, and EMNEs executives’ preferences for leapfrog mode over evolutionary mode is positively related to the host country’s complementary assets. The expansion opportunities in the host country market have a positive influence on EMNEs executives’ evolutionary and leapfrog entry modes choice. This shows that expansion opportunities in the host country market have a similar degree of attraction for executives’ evolutionary and leapfrog modes. Unlike most current studies, which advocate that leapfrog is mainly used to obtain international assets, while evolutionary approach is more suitable for seeking international opportunities. This paper shows that the opportunity factors play the same important role as assets factors in promoting EMNEs executives’ springboard behavior. It also reveals the ambidexterity logic in EMNEs executives’ decision-making process.
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Nurpandi, Finsa, and Diki M. Rosid Liki. "Perancangan dan Pembangunan Aplikasi Electronic Menu Restoran." Media Jurnal Informatika 13, no. 1 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.35194/mji.v13i1.1270.
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Electronic Menu or abbreviated as eMenu is an application that designed to improve the performance of service processes in a business sector, especially restaurants. eMenu aims to change thefood ordering service process that was originally traditional using paper, into web-based digital media. Not only handling food ordering services, eMenu also handles almost all business processes in a restaurant such as menu management, managing information on orders received by waiters and chef, payment transactions, to sales reports. To handle payment transaction, eMenu using third party application payment gateway, called Duitku. eMenu is built using Single-Page Application concept that use AJAX calls which allows time efficiency in displaying the required data. By using the Single-Page Application, the browser does not reload the entire requested page but only part of data is displayed dynamically. The Single-Page Application uses Vue.js as Front-end stack, and Laravel to manage Back-end. eMenu application is responsive design, so that user can access via smartphone or desktop computer with properly.
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Sidenna, Mariem, Reem Bux, Tasnim Fadl, Ugur Ozbek, and Hatem Zayed. "Association of Genetic Variants with Colorectal Cancer in the Extended MENA Region: A Systematic Review." Current Molecular Medicine 20, no. 4 (2020): 286–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1566524019666191014170136.
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Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer-related death. It is a heterogeneous disease that develops through different genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. To date, no comprehensive systematic review investigating genetic risk factors for familial and sporadic CRC has been performed on the extended MENA (eMENA) region. Aims: This study aimed to systematically analyze genetic variations significantly associated with CRC in the eMENA region. Methods: We searched four literature databases (PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Web of Science) from the time of inception until May 2019 using broad search terms to obtain all reported genetic data related to eMENA patients with CRC. Variants with an OR>1 that are associated with CRC were identified. Results: A total of 1,200 studies were obtained from our search method, 27 of which met the inclusion criteria for our systematic review, with a total of 8,230 CRC patients and 7,611 controls. Of these, 1,941 patients distributed throughout nine eMENA countries were found to carry 46 variants in 33 different genes. Interestingly, 19 variants were unique to CRC patients in the eMENA region. Interpretation: This is the first systematic review to capture the spectrum of variants significantly associated with CRC in the eMENA region. There appears to be a distinctive clinical picture for eMENA patients with CRC, and the range and distribution of variants among patients from the eMENA region differ from those noted in other ethnic groups.
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Williamson, Peter, and Feng Wan. "Emerging market multinationals and the concept of ownership advantages." International Journal of Emerging Markets 13, no. 3 (2018): 557–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoem-08-2017-0319.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to re-assess the concept of ownership advantages in the light of successful international expansion of multinationals from emerging economies (EMNEs) and explore how these advantages are built. Design/methodology/approach The paper presents a viewpoint based on analysis of the successful international expansion of a sample of Chinese EMNEs where success is measured their ability win share in overseas markets. This allows us to identify their ownership advantages, the antecedents of these advantages and how they were built using dynamic capabilities. Findings EMNEs have “non-traditional” ownership advantages that have been built by finding innovative ways to leverage the locational advantages of their home countries. The conversion of locational advantages into ownership advantages requires that firms build dynamic capabilities that enable them to innovate in the use of the locational advantages they enjoy. Research limitations/implications The study is limited to a small sample of EMNEs from China who have succeeded in winning market share in the initial phases of their international expansion. In the light of these limitations, the authors discuss the question the sustainability of their competitive advantage as well as the likely applicability of our findings to EMNEs from other EMNEs. Originality/value The authors revisit the paradox that despite the growth and success of multinationals from EMNEs in the past decade they are assumed to lack ownership advantages. The authors show that EMNEs’ ownership advantages differ from the traditional advantages such proprietary technologies and brand equity that are enjoyed by incumbent multinationals.
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Dau, Luis Alfonso. "Regulatory Reforms and EMNEs." Academy of Management Proceedings 2016, no. 1 (2016): 17974. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2016.17974abstract.
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Skelton, Patricia A., Leslie Droege, and Mary T. Carlisle. "EMEDs and SPEARR teams." Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America 15, no. 2 (2003): 201–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0899-5885(02)00073-4.
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Gu, Jinlong, Yong Yang, and Roger Strange. "Location choice, ownership structure and multinational performance." Multinational Business Review 26, no. 3 (2018): 250–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mbr-12-2017-0105.
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Purpose This paper aims to link location choice and ownership structure to the debate on the multinationality–performance relationship. Design/methodology/approach This paper draws on a panel data set that covers 1,321 emerging economy multinational enterprises (EMNEs) and includes 4,227 observations from 44 emerging economies between 2004 and, 2013. Findings The empirical results find that multinationality has a positive effect on EMNEs’ performance, and that this positive effect is larger for their investments in developed countries than in developing countries. The study also finds that this positive effect of foreign operation in developed countries switch to negative at higher levels of multinationality for privately owned EMNEs than for state-owned EMNEs. Originality/value This paper provides new empirical evidence to support an institutional perspective of the internationalisation of EMNEs that are investing in developed countries, contributing to the multinationality-performance literature, highlighting the importance of foreign direct investment location decision and ownership structure.
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Verbeke, Alain, and Liena Kano. "The New Internalization Theory and Multinational Enterprises from Emerging Economies: A Business History Perspective." Business History Review 89, no. 3 (2015): 415–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007680515000689.
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The recent surge of emerging-economy multinational enterprises (EMNEs) has prompted a debate on whether existing international business theory—particularly internalization theory—can accommodate this phenomenon. Our view is that no new, EMNE-centric theory is required to study EMNEs. Using historical evidence, we argue that “new” internalization theory is sufficient to address the complexity of EMNEs, and we illustrate our argument with examples of ten successful EMNEs from Asia and the Americas. We further argue that a business history lens can illuminate the behavior of developed-economy multinationals. We show how management scholars can advance their research agendas by engaging with business history and how business historians can use internalization theory to analyze the history of multinationals.
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Samprathi, Madhusudan, Vipul Gupta, Muralidharan Jayashree, Arun Bansal, Arun Baranwal, and Karthi Nallasamy. "Epidemiology and Outcomes of Early Morning Neuroparalytic Syndrome Following Snake Bite—A Retrospective Study." Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 66, no. 4 (2020): 435–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tropej/fmz084.
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Abstract Objective Snake envenomation has been poorly studied in developing countries. ‘Early morning neuroparalytic syndrome’ (EMNS), the classical clinical constellation caused by krait bites, refers to nighttime, indoor bites where nonspecific symptoms progress to neuroparalysis. Literature regarding EMNS in children is scarce. This study was planned to describe the clinical profile, intensive care needs and predictors of outcome in children with EMNS. Methods It is a retrospective study of children below 12 years admitted with a clinical diagnosis of snake envenomation to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of a tertiary care hospital in North India. Patient records were reviewed from the electronic patient database manager. Comparison was made between the EMNS group and the non-EMNS group and between survivors and nonsurvivors within the EMNS group. Results Of the 111 children with snake envenomation, 76 had neuroparalysis (68%) and 51 had EMNS. In the EMNS cohort, 37 (72.5%) belonged to rural areas, 46 (90.2%) had indoor bites and 39 (76.5%) were witnessed. Patients with EMNS were more likely to have absent fang marks, hypoxemia at admission, bulbar palsy and need for PICU admission. Mortality rate was 13.7% in EMNS; predictors included younger age, presence of ptosis, cardiac arrest at admission and nonavailability of PICU bed (univariable analysis) but none of them independently predicted mortality. Conclusion Younger age, presence of ptosis, cardiac arrest at admission and nonavailability of intensive care beds increase the risk of mortality in children with EMNS. Timely recognition and respiratory support may reduce mortality in these children.
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Gao, Qiuling, Zijie Li, and Xinli Huang. "How EMNEs choose location for strategic asset seeking in internationalization?" Chinese Management Studies 13, no. 3 (2019): 687–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cms-06-2018-0573.
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Purpose Based on the strategy tripod perspective, this study aims to address how emerging economy multinational enterprises (EMNEs) make a strategic decision of choosing a foreign location for their strategic asset seeking and under what mechanism EMNEs make foreign direct investment (FDI) location choice. Design/methodology/approach This paper first reviews the literature on strategy tripod and strategic asset seeking strategy of EMNEs. Then, six cases of Chinese multinational enterprises operating in manufacturing industry have been introduced, emphasizing on interactions within three dimensions of strategy tripod framework, namely, resource-based dimension, industry-based dimension and institution-based dimension. By triangulating with multiple sources of archival and interview data, this paper identified a conceptual model presenting location choice mechanisms. Findings Based on a comparative multi-case study, four mechanisms of EMNEs’ location choice when seek strategic asset by FDI within a strategy tripod framework have been revealed. Specifically, EMNEs make their strategic decision of choosing a foreign location for their strategic asset seeking under mechanisms of seeking complementary resources based on industry characteristics; echoing with institutional dimension of home country when exploitation of resource; matching institutional dimension of host country when consider industry fitness; and institutional leveraging combined with understanding of resource and industry dimensions inside strategy tripod. Originality/value The findings shed novel insights into the mechanisms under which EMNEs choose their location for strategic asset-seeking FDI. It also broadens the strategy tripod framework by looking deeper into the characteristics of each dimension within a new research context of EMNEs’ FDI location choice.
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Mondal, Arindam, and Sarada Devi Gadepalli. "Does Knowledge from Home Markets Boost Outward Foreign Direct Investments of Emerging Economy Multinationals? Evidence from Indian Family EMNEs." American Business Review 23, no. 2 (2020): 211–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37625/abr.23.2.211-240.
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Despite increasing research on multinationals from emerging economies (EMNEs), our understanding of the antecedents of their international expansion is still limited. In this study, we seek to examine whether knowledge gained from operating in their complex and diverse domestic markets deter or aid the outward foreign direct investments of EMNEs. As family firms are dominant in emerging economies, we further explore how heterogeneity within family firms moderate this relationship. We conduct our investigations using a proprietary longitudinal dataset comprising 213 EMNEs from India featuring in the S&P Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) 500 index covering a six-year period from 2007-08 to 2012-13, of which 175 were family EMNEs and find supporting evidence for our theoretical predictions.
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Sinclair, Andrew. "Bassey's (Emen) Application." European Law Reports 15, no. 2 (2011): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5235/109132911794927320.
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Liu, Yang, Ping Deng, Jiang Wei, Ying Ying, and Mu Tian. "International R&D alliances and innovation for emerging market multinationals: roles of environmental turbulence and knowledge transfer." Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 34, no. 6 (2019): 1374–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-01-2018-0052.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships between environment turbulence, knowledge transfer and innovation performance for emerging market multinationals (EMNEs) in an asymmetric international R&D alliance.Design/methodology/approachData were collected through a survey of high-tech firms in Zhejiang Province of China from 2013 to 2015.FindingsInnovation performance of EMNEs is positively influenced by knowledge transfer activities (knowledge replication and knowledge adaption), technological and market turbulence, while negatively influenced by institutional turbulence. In addition, different aspects of environmental turbulence moderate the relationship between knowledge transfer practices and innovation performance of EMNEs differently.Research limitations/implicationsFuture studies could use a longitudinal design to capture the dynamism driving innovation performance of EMNEs through R&D alliances.Practical implicationsPractical guidelines are provided particularly for EMNE managers on how to develop an innovation strategy by leveraging external knowledge, adaptive innovation and environmental turbulence.Originality/valueThis study deepens the knowledge of how EMNEs enhance their innovation by building the linkage between environmental turbulence and absorptive capacity through knowledge transfer activities in an asymmetric international R&D alliance.
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Hennart, Jean-François. "Springing from where? How emerging market firms become multinational enterprises." International Journal of Emerging Markets 13, no. 3 (2018): 568–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoem-09-2017-0324.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to show that existing theories, principally Dunning’s OLI model, Mathews LLL model and Rugman’s version of internalization theory are unable to explain the rise of emerging market multinationals (EMNEs). The reason is that they over-emphasize the strategic importance of intangibles and ignore that of complementary local assets. Taking complementary local assets into account makes it possible to understand why EMNEs are able to finance their intangible-buying sprees and, often with the help of their governments, to swap market access for technology. Design/methodology/approach This is a conceptual paper based on the bundling model (JIBS 2009) and backed by the case histories of four EMNEs. Findings The author shows that EMNEs have much better prospects vis-à-vis established MNEs than generally thought in Western Europe and the USA and that they will become serious competitors. Originality/value This is, as far as the author knows, the first explanation of why EMNEs have the bargaining power and the resources necessary to swap or buy technology from established MNEs.
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Zhong, Yifan, Jiuhua Cherrie Zhu, and Mingqiong Mike Zhang. "Expatriate Management of Emerging Market Multinational Enterprises: A Multiple Case Study Approach." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14, no. 6 (2021): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14060252.
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Expatriate management has evolved through the practices of developed economy multinational enterprises (DMNEs), with the aim of improving expatriate adaptability, cross-cultural adjustment, and performance. However, most of these studies focus on expatriates from developed countries and try to help DMNEs instead of emerging market MNEs (EMNEs). In a turbulent global economy, how EMNEs manage their expatriates when conducting business through their outward foreign direct investment (FDI) is understudied. This empirical study aims to address this research gap by utilising a qualitative approach and a multiple case study. It has conducted semi-structured interviews with expatriates, executives, and middle managers of Chinese MNEs in 2014. It contributes as one of the few to systematically examine expatriate related issues in the context of EMNEs with first-hand empirical evidence. The findings show that EMNEs are leapfrogging with their internationalisation and hence their expatriate policies are often ad hoc without systematic planning. Moreover, this study has contributed to practice, especially to EMNEs, regarding the way they need to improve their expatriate policies and practices.
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Omidsalar, Mahmoud. "To emend or not to emend? Notes on restoring the text of theShahnamah." Iranian Studies 35, no. 1-3 (2002): 177–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00210860208702015.
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He, Shaowei, Zaheer Khan, Yong Kyu Lew, and Grahame Fallon. "Technological innovation as a source of Chinese multinationals’ firm-specific advantages and internationalization." International Journal of Emerging Markets 14, no. 1 (2019): 115–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoem-02-2017-0059.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how innovation-related firm-specific ownership advantage (FSA) plays a role in developing the competitive advantage of Chinese multinationals when they internationalize. Design/methodology/approach Based on a review of the existing literature concerning foreign direct investment by emerging economy multinational enterprises (EMNEs), the authors identify that numerous studies explain this phenomenon on the basis of their location-bound country-specific advantages. However, such views do not fully explain the key underlying factors behind the rapid rise and success of many EMNEs as these firms rapidly internationalize and develop global competitiveness in developed markets. The current research explores three leading innovative Chinese EMNEs from the engineering sector: BYD, Sany Heavy Industry and CSR China. Findings The authors find that EMNEs’ knowledge, and particularly their innovation-creating technological knowledge, has contributed greatly to their successful internationalization. The illustrative cases show that the three firms have now moved beyond the infant to the mature stage of EMNE development through developing their technological knowledge in order to realize FSA through internationalization. This study helps in contributing fresh reflections to the continuing debate concerning the causes of internationalization and global competitive development by EMNEs and the role of their FSAs in these processes. Originality/value This is one of the few studies which have demonstrated that some of the EMNEs do possess firms’ specific advantage which helps explain their innovative capabilities, competitive advantages and subsequent internationalization patterns.
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Pereira, Vijay, Kamel Mellahi, Yama Temouri, Swetketu Patnaik, and Mohammad Roohanifar. "Investigating dynamic capabilities, agility and knowledge management within EMNEs-longitudinal evidence from Europe." Journal of Knowledge Management 23, no. 9 (2019): 1708–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jkm-06-2018-0391.
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Purpose This paper aims to analyse the impact of dynamic capability (DC) of emerging market multinationals (EMNEs) on their firm technological performance by teasing out the concepts of agility and knowledge management (KM) through DC. Design/methodology/approach Evidence from this study is contextualised on EMNEs that operate in the UK, Germany and France. This study examines the investment in intangible assets which EMNEs use to develop their DC over the period 2005-2016 and how this leads to increased firm technological performance. Findings Results show that higher investments in DC allow EMNEs to be more agile and gain competencies through KM and thereby sustain competitiveness in the three leading European countries. This research also identifies which EMNE groupings show greater technological performance and how such EMNE groupings are able to translate dynamic capabilities into greater technological performance compared to others over time. In summary, the role of DC during of the global financial crisis was also examined, where they are required to be more agile. Originality/value This paper sheds light on a novel way and motivation of successful EMNEs in using developed host countries as a location for generating DC through agility and KM.
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Yeganeh, Kia Hamid. "An examination of the conditions, characteristics and strategies pertaining to the rise of emerging markets multinationals." European Business Review 28, no. 5 (2016): 600–626. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ebr-10-2015-0129.
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Purpose This paper aims to examine the conditions, characteristics and strategies pertaining to the rise of emerging markets’ multinationals (EMNEs). Design/methodology/approach The paper relies on both academic and professional resources to offer a holistic understanding of EMNEs by reviewing, analyzing and classifying their underlying conditions, characteristics, internationalization motivations, strategies and competitive advantages. Findings The analysis indicates that EMNEs ascended as a result of major socio-economic transformations in the past two decades after the Cold War; follow an accelerated path of expansion; implement flexible and decentralized organizational configurations; enjoy strong political connections; do not internationalize according to the ownership-location-internalization paradigm, rather follow the linkage-leverage-learning pattern; benefit from multiple sources of competitive advantage and adopt five main types of international strategies; are becoming more sophisticated and represent serious threats to their counterparts from advanced economies. Research limitations/implications As emerging markets and their multinationals are highly heterogeneous, the findings and suggestions remain context-bound. Practical implications The paper synthesizes the EMNEs literature, bridges theory and practice and offers an integrative outline that can be useful for international business managers. Originality/value The paper takes an all-inclusive approach and provides insights into multiple societal and organizational facets of EMNEs.
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Mitsunaga, Toshiya, Izumu Hasegawa, Masahiko Uzura, et al. "Comparison of the National Early Warning Score (NEWS) and the Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS) for predicting admission and in-hospital mortality in elderly patients in the pre-hospital setting and in the emergency department." PeerJ 7 (May 16, 2019): e6947. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6947.
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The aim of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of the pre-hospital National Early Warning Score (pNEWS) and the pre-hospital Modified Early Warning Score (pMEWS) for predicting admission and in-hospital mortality in elderly patients presenting to the emergency department (ED). We also compare the value of the pNEWS with that of the ED NEWS (eNEWS) and ED MEWS (eMEWS) for predicting admission and in-hospital mortality. This retrospective, single-centre observational study was carried out in the ED of Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, in Chiba, Japan, from 1st April 2017 to 31st March 2018. All patients aged 65 years or older were included in this study. The pNEWS/eNEWS were derived from seven common physiological vital signs: respiratory rate, peripheral oxygen saturation, the presence of inhaled oxygen parameters, body temperature, systolic blood pressure, pulse rate and Alert, responds to Voice, responds to Pain, Unresponsive (AVPU) score, whereas the pMEWS/eMEWS were derived from six common physiological vital signs: respiratory rate, peripheral oxygen saturation, body temperature, systolic blood pressure, pulse rate and AVPU score. Discrimination was assessed by plotting the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calculating the area under the ROC curve (AUC). The median pNEWS, pMEWS, eNEWS and eMEWS were significantly higher at admission than at discharge (p < 0.001). The median pNEWS, pMEWS, eNEWS and eMEWS of non-survivors were significantly higher than those of the survivors (p < 0.001). The AUC for predicting admission was 0.559 for the pNEWS and 0.547 for the pMEWS. There was no significant difference between the AUCs of the pNEWS and the pMEWS for predicting admission (p = 0.102). The AUCs for predicting in-hospital mortality were 0.678 for the pNEWS and 0.652 for the pMEWS. There was no significant difference between the AUCs of the pNEWS and the pMEWS for predicting in-hospital mortality (p = 0.081). The AUC for predicting admission was 0.628 for the eNEWS and 0.591 for the eMEWS. The AUC of the eNEWS was significantly greater than that of the eMEWS for predicting admission (p < 0.001). The AUC for predicting in-hospital mortality was 0.789 for the eNEWS and 0.720 for the eMEWS. The AUC of the eNEWS was significantly greater than that of the eMEWS for predicting in-hospital mortality (p < 0.001). For admission and in-hospital mortality, the AUC of the eNEWS was significantly greater than that of the pNEWS (p < 0.001, p < 0.001), and the AUC of the eMEWS was significantly greater than that of the pMEWS (p < 0.01, p < 0.05). Our single-centre study has demonstrated the low utility of the pNEWS and the pMEWS as predictors of admission and in-hospital mortality in elderly patients, whereas the eNEWS and the eMEWS predicted admission and in-hospital mortality more accurately. Evidence from multicentre studies is needed before introducing pre-hospital versions of risk-scoring systems.
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Stone, G. M., and R. G. Wales. "Clifford Walter Emmens 1913 - 1999." Historical Records of Australian Science 15, no. 1 (2004): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr03014.
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Kedia, Ben, Nolan Gaffney, and Jack Clampit. "EMNEs and Knowledge-seeking FDI." Management International Review 52, no. 2 (2012): 155–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11575-012-0132-5.
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HEDBERG, O. "The genusKoenigiaL. emend. Hedberg (Polygonaceae)." Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 124, no. 4 (1997): 295–330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bojl.1997.0103.
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Zheng, Ying, Daying Yan, and Bing Ren. "Institutional distance, firm heterogeneities, and FDI location choice of EMNEs." Nankai Business Review International 7, no. 2 (2016): 192–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nbri-10-2015-0022.
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Purpose This paper aims to propose an integrated framework combining the cost-reduction rationale and the institution-leveraging rationale to explain how institutional distance, both formal and informal, influences emerging multinational enterprises (EMNEs)’ foreign direct investment (FDI) location choice. This paper also explores the moderating role of EMNEs’ FDI experience and strategic intent on value chain positioning as a reflection of firm heterogeneities, on the link between institutional distance and location choice. Design/methodology/approach This paper tests the hypotheses based on a firm-level longitudinal data set of FDI by Chinese EMNEs. The unique data are manually collected from Chinese companies listed on Shenzhen and Shanghai Stock Exchanges, composed of 250 FDI entries of 122 manufacturing firms from 2006 to 2010. The conditional logit model is used to estimate the proposed main effect and moderating effect. Findings Cultural distance does not deter Chinese EMNEs’ entrance in general, but firms investing in low value-added manufacturing subsidiaries are more likely to choose culturally similar countries than those investing in high value-added subsidiaries such as in upstream R&D and downstream marketing. Formal institutional distance with positive direction promotes Chinese EMNEs’ entrance, and this effect is enhanced when firms have less FDI experience and have the strategic intent to invest in high value-added subsidiaries. Originality/value This paper contributes to the current literature by identifying a holistic view of the institutional influences on FDI location choice of EMNEs and revealing how firm-level heterogeneities, particularly FDI experience and strategic intent of subsidiary value chain positioning, shape the boundary conditions of the institutional effects in different ways.
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Mondal, Arindam, and Sarada Devi Vsb Gadepalli. "Does Knowledge from Home Markets Boost OFDI of EMNEs? Evidence from Indian Family EMNEs." Academy of Management Proceedings 2020, no. 1 (2020): 20548. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2020.20548abstract.
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Pananond, Pavida. "Motives for foreign direct investment: a view from emerging market multinationals." Multinational Business Review 23, no. 1 (2015): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mbr-02-2015-0008.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper explains how the framework on motives of foreign direct investment (FDI) needs to be rethought when analyzing emerging market multinational enterprises (EMNEs). It argues that the weak position of emerging market firms and their interdependent relationship with lead firms in global value chains (GVCs) modify the selection of internationalization motives. Design/methodology/approach – The arguments are illustrated through a critical review of the literature on FDI motives and a discussion on how the literature can be extended from looking through the lens of emerging market multinationals, particularly those with early development as suppliers in global value chains. Findings – The weak position of emerging market firms and their interdependent relationship with lead firms in global value chains modify the selection of internationalization motives on two aspects. First, internationalization decisions of EMNEs in GVCs are not undertaken in an independent manner. Rather, decisions are influenced by the initial position along the value chain and the dynamic relationships that these EMNEs have with lead firms. Second, the selection of FDI motives of these EMNEs reflects both their international expansion strategy and the upgrading effort they wish to pursue to undertake higher value-adding activities along the GVCs. Originality/value – These implications addressed in this paper add more nuances to the interpretation of FDI motives. Previously viewed mainly from the perspective of lead firms, FDI decisions are considered as independent alternatives that multinational enterprises (MNEs) can undertake to fulfill their internationalization strategy. Revisiting the FDI motives from the perspective of EMNEs reveals further insights on the interdependent nature of their internationalization, particularly reflecting the weaker position of EMNEs and their interdependent relationship with lead firms in their industry.
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Yang, Yi, and Zhizhong Guo. "Sufficient Condition for the Parallel Flow Problem of Electromagnetic Loop Networks." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8192710.
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Electromagnetic loop networks (EMLNs) are pervasive in power networks. Their major characteristic is parallel flow. EMLNs with substantial parallel flow are considered to have a parallel flow problem. There is currently a serious disagreement about whether EMLNs have a parallel flow problem, which has resulted in different configurations of national grids. Therefore, this paper proposes a general model of EMLNs and derives the parallel current function, which formulates parallel flow, from the network equations of both the high and low voltage sides of an EMLN. Accordingly, the high and low voltage sides of an EMLN are equivalent to two sets of parallel identical multi-transmission lines. Finally, this paper considers operating margins and derives the sufficient condition under which parallel flow can be ignored. The sufficient condition not only determines whether an EMLN has a parallel flow problem but also reveals simple approaches to visually diminishing parallel flow. If the EMLN satisfies the sufficient condition, parallel flow can be ignored; otherwise, the EMLN needs to operate in a restricted way or to adopt open loop planning.
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GHOSH, ATISH R., CHRISTOPHER CROWE, JUN IL KIM, JONATHAN D. OSTRY, and MARCOS CHAMON. "IMF POLICY ADVICE TO EMERGING MARKET ECONOMIES DURING THE 2008–2009 CRISIS: NEW FUND OR NEW FUNDAMENTALS?" Journal of International Commerce, Economics and Policy 02, no. 01 (2011): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793993311000191.
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This paper reviews the International Monetary Fund (IMF) policy advice to emerging market economies (EMEs) during the 2008-09 crisis, contrasting it to previous crisis episodes. EMEs that had strong fundamentals, and were mainly affected through international trade and financial spillovers, were advised to loosen monetary and fiscal policies, much like the counter-cyclical policies pursued by advanced economies. But in EMEs with "home-grown" vulnerabilities, the advice was more traditional fiscal consolidation, monetary restraint and structural reform, albeit with more financing and greater emphasis on cushioning the impact of the shock. Thus, the "new" IMF advice was the result of "new fundamentals" in EMEs.
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Jovanović, Bojana. "Energy management expert system (EMEXS): Proposal of computer application." Tehnika 73, no. 6 (2018): 875–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/tehnika1806875j.
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Neuwirth, Fritz, Inge Niedek, Michael Sprenger, and Andreas Nägele. "Stefan Emeis – 25 years of commitment to Meteorologische Zeitschrift." Meteorologische Zeitschrift 26, no. 2 (2017): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/metz/2017/0857.
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Williamson, Peter J. "The competitive advantages of emerging market multinationals: a re-assessment." critical perspectives on international business 11, no. 3/4 (2015): 216–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cpoib-02-2014-0008.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to re-assess both the nature and sources of the competitive advantages which multinationals expanding from home bases in emerging economies (EMNEs) may enjoy in the global market. Design/methodology/approach – The paper analyses the results of 12 concurrent studies undertaken by a group of experts who were asked to examine how strategies for innovation, international value chain configuration and foreign mergers and acquisitions contributed to the competitive advantages of multinationals emerging from Brazil, Russia, India and China (the BRICs), respectively. Findings – EMNEs do have competitive advantages that can underpin their expansion abroad, but these are mainly “non-traditional” advantages that have been built by finding innovative ways to leverage advantages of their home countries. EMNE’s internationalisation is as much about accessing new resources and knowledge to enable them to extend their competitive advantage, as it is a route to exploiting existing advantages over a larger set of markets. As a result, the global value chain structure of EMNEs tends to be fundamentally different from that chosen by incumbent multinationals. Research limitations/implications – The study is limited to EMNEs from the BRIC countries, but implications for EMNEs emerging from other countries are discussed. Originality/value – We bring to bear extensive data and a systematic approach to understanding the new breed of multinationals emerging from the BRIC countries; their sources of competitive advantage; and how they are using innovation, foreign investment and overseas acquisitions to transform global competition.
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Cui, Lin, Di Fan, Xiaohui Liu, and Yi Li. "Where to Seek Strategic Assets for Competitive Catch-up? A configurational study of emerging multinational enterprises expanding into foreign strategic factor markets." Organization Studies 38, no. 8 (2016): 1059–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0170840616670441.
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Emerging multinational enterprises (EMNEs) often engage in strategic-asset-seeking foreign direct investment (FDI) for competitive catch-up. This study explores the linkages between an EMNE’s competitive scenario consisting of a configuration of its awareness-motivation-capability (AMC) conditions and the comparative institutional advantages of its strategic-asset-seeking destination. Our configurational analyses of Chinese FDIs in the technology-intensive industries of OECD countries reveal a taxonomy of four distinct asset-seeking strategies of EMNEs. Our findings shed novel insights into the strategic variations within EMNEs based on a theoretically and methodologically extended AMC framework. This study also extends the varieties of capitalism literature by addressing the implications of comparative institutional advantages for foreign entrants, rather than domestic incumbent firms.
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Khan, Farid, Boris Stoeber, and Farrokh Sassani. "Modeling and Simulation of Linear and Nonlinear MEMS Scale Electromagnetic Energy Harvesters for Random Vibration Environments." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/742580.
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The simulation results for electromagnetic energy harvesters (EMEHs) under broad band stationary Gaussian random excitations indicate the importance of both a high transformation factor and a high mechanical quality factor to achieve favourable mean power, mean square load voltage, and output spectral density. The optimum load is different for random vibrations and for sinusoidal vibration. Reducing the total damping ratio under band-limited random excitation yields a higher mean square load voltage. Reduced bandwidth resulting from decreased mechanical damping can be compensated by increasing the electrical damping (transformation factor) leading to a higher mean square load voltage and power. Nonlinear EMEHs with a Duffing spring and with linear plus cubic damping are modeled using the method of statistical linearization. These nonlinear EMEHs exhibit approximately linear behaviour under low levels of broadband stationary Gaussian random vibration; however, at higher levels of such excitation the central (resonant) frequency of the spectral density of the output voltage shifts due to the increased nonlinear stiffness and the bandwidth broadens slightly. Nonlinear EMEHs exhibit lower maximum output voltage and central frequency of the spectral density with nonlinear damping compared to linear damping. Stronger nonlinear damping yields broader bandwidths at stable resonant frequency.
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Peng, Xinmin, Keyi Fang, and Martin Lockett. "From focus to ambidexterity: the choice of catch-up strategy for EMNEs." Cross Cultural & Strategic Management 28, no. 2 (2021): 265–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ccsm-03-2020-0062.
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PurposeEmerging-market multinational enterprises (EMNEs) can choose focused or ambidextrous strategies to catch up with global market leaders through overseas foreign direct investment (OFDI). The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), launched by the Chinese government in 2013, had a profound impact on Chinese multinational enterprises’ international behavior. This paper analyses how EMNEs select focused or ambidextrous catch-up strategies before and after the BRI, integrating ambidexterity and catch-up theories to provide a more nuanced understanding of the evolution of EMNE strategy.Design/methodology/approachA case study is well suited for deriving rich descriptions of empirical phenomena for which little theory exists. Because the existing literature has not yet fully explored and conceptually modeled the influence of windows of opportunity on international catch-up strategies, we use qualitative research to explore the mechanisms of strategy evolution in EMNEs.FindingsThe results show that the choice of catch-up strategy is influenced by the nature of windows of opportunity and the firm's accumulated technological capability. Specifically, the opening of institutional windows as a result of the BRI could give significant momentum to the international catch-up process by providing incentives and opportunities for EMNEs to enter more markets and new technology fields. The EMNEs studied underwent a transition from a focused strategy in the catch-up stage to an ambidextrous strategy in the beyond catch-up stage.Originality/valueThese conclusions can not only deepen our understanding of the dynamics of catch-up strategies in the global context but also enrich the research on the ambidexterity of EMNEs, especially in the context of the BRI.
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Likupe, Gloria, Carol Baxter, and Mohamed Jogi. "Exploring health care workers’ perceptions and experiences of communication with ethnic minority elders." Quality in Ageing and Older Adults 19, no. 3 (2018): 180–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qaoa-08-2017-0034.
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Purpose There is a recognition in Europe and in the western world of a demographic shift in the ageing population. While the overall ageing of the general population is growing, the numbers of immigrants getting old in their host countries is also increasing, thereby increasing the racial and ethnic proportion of older people in these countries. This changing landscape calls for understanding of issues related to health care provision, policy and research regarding ethnic minorities. Communication is seen as a key factor in understanding the needs of ethnic minority elders (EMEs). The purpose of this paper is to explore health care workers’ (HCWs) perceptions and experiences of communication with EMEs. In this paper the term HCW includes qualified nurses and health care assistants. Design/methodology/approach A descriptive qualitative study design using semi-structured interviews was employed. Ten HCWs, who had ethnic minorities in their care were individually interviewed to explore their perceptions and experiences of communication when caring for EMEs. Findings Analysis of data revealed that in common with all older people, EMEs experience stereotyped attitudes and difficulties in communication. However, EMEs face particular challenges, including cultural differences, different language and stereotyping of care based on misunderstood needs of EMEs. Facilitators of communication included appropriate training of HCWs and appropriate use of interpreters. Research limitations/implications Only homes willing to take part in the study gave permission for their staff to be interviewed. In addition, the HCWs came from various settings. Therefore, views of staff in homes who did not give permission may not be represented. Practical implications The diversity of older people needing care in nursing homes and the community calls for training in culturally competent communication for effective provision care provision for EMEs. Originality/value Training of health care staff in culturally appropriate communication requires effective practice.
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Lassalle, Paul, and Gerard McElwee. "Polish entrepreneurs in Glasgow and entrepreneurial opportunity structure." International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 22, no. 2 (2016): 260–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijebr-01-2016-0012.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a modelized representation of the concept of opportunity structures for ethnic minority entrepreneurs in Glasgow, Scotland, that incorporates the different demand and supply side dimensions influencing entrepreneurial activity. Design/methodology/approach – An appropriate qualitative research design was implemented in order to capture and understand the influence of contextual dimensions on entrepreneurial behaviour of Polish EMEs in Glasgow. As part of the abductive and reflective process of the research, 21 semi-structured interviews were carried out in with Polish EMEs who are sole-owners of businesses. Findings – By contextualising ethnic minority entrepreneurship, the paper reveals the crucial and ambivalent role played by the community (for resource mobilisation and as the primary market) and by Polish EMEs’ perception of the opportunity structure, on their entrepreneurial behaviour. Moreover, it highlights the importance of the household as a contextual dimension on entrepreneurial decision making among those Polish entrepreneurs in Glasgow. Practical implications – Provides a comprehensive and operational model of opportunity structure for EMEs which can be used an operational tool for both scholars in the field as well as by policy makers. The proposed model constitutes a framework for analysing the influence of different contextual dimensions on EMEs’ entrepreneurial behaviour. Originality/value – The contribution is the provision of an original tool to enable further systematic comparative approaches while conducting research on EMEs across different communities and localities.
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Korteweg, Anton. "The Poet Jan Emmens (1924–1971)." Dutch Crossing 16, no. 48 (1992): 39–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03096564.1992.11783994.
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Barbot, Baptiste, Claire Safont-Mottay, and Nathalie Oubrayrie-Roussel. "Multidimensional scale of self-esteem (EMES-16): Psychometric evaluation of a domain-specific measure of self-esteem for French-speaking adolescents." International Journal of Behavioral Development 43, no. 5 (2019): 436–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025418824996.
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The EMES-16 is a very short multidimensional measure of domain-specific Self-Esteem designed for French-speaking adolescents. This study presents a psychometric evaluation of this measure among 2603 adolescents with a focus on its factor structure tested in CFA for alternative, theoretically grounded models. Results revealed the superiority of a domain-specific, and partly hierarchical structure, over unidimensional or fully hierarchical structures. This structure supports the derivation of five domain-specific scores (Emotional, Social, Physical, Academic and Creative Self-Esteem) as well as a superordinate composite index (Core Self-Evaluation) underlying the Emotional, Social and Physical Self-Esteem. Measurement invariance testing supported partial equivalence of the construct measured by the EMES-16 across gender and strict equivalence by age groups. Construct validity evaluation suggested strong evidence of EMES-16’s scores convergent and divergent validity with measures of unidimensional Self-Esteem, Self-Concept Clarity, Big Five Personality and Social Desirability. Internal consistency was also satisfactory given the concision of the EMES-16 scales. In conclusion, we discuss the promise of the EMES-16 as a psychometrically solid measure for screening and developmental research purposes among French-speaking adolescents.
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Goyal, Ashima. "Asian Reserves and the Dollar: Is Gradual Adjustment Possible?" Global Economy Journal 5, no. 3 (2005): 1850045. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1524-5861.1083.
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Large dollar reserves in Asian EMEs accompany large U.S. fiscal and current account deficits. Analysis of strategic sales by Asian EMEs suggests that an attack on the dollar is not certain but is possible. A unique equilibrium where Asian EMEs sell their reserves does not exist but there are multiple Nash equilibria. Therefore action, which includes adjustment, is required to coordinate to the better equilibrium. There is evidence that more flexibility in Asian exchange rates will reduce risk for Asian EMEs, but the flexibility will have to be limited, and it depends on more flexibility in the renminbi. Moreover, limits to adjustment in wages put limits on realignments between US and Asian exchange rates. Therefore while a gradual adjustment strategy is feasible it will require both expenditure switching and expenditure reduction with the latter moderated by the maintenance of robust global growth.
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Kang, Wei Min, Bo Wen Cheng, Xiao Ning Jiao, Ya Liu, and Yuan Lin Ren. "Research on Polypropylene Electret Melt-Blown Nonwoven Doped with Nano-Tourmaline." Materials Science Forum 675-677 (February 2011): 449–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.675-677.449.
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Electret filter composed of permanently charged electret fibers is a good material for environmental protection. A novel kind of electret melt-blown nonwovens (EMNs) doped with nano-tourmaline was developed by corona charging in this paper. The structure of web, mechanical properties, surface charge density and filtration efficiency of samples were discussed. The results showed that the structure of EMNs became loose and the initial surface charge density was increased markedly. Furthermore, the EMNs exhibited higher filtration efficiency and lower pressure drop, especially the content of nano-tourmaline was about 6 wt. %.
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Hernandez, Marco. "Does monetary policy in advanced economies have differentiated effects on portfolio flows to emerging economies?" Journal of Research in Emerging Markets 2, no. 3 (2020): 25–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.30585/jrems.v2i3.483.
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This work analyzes whether the monetary policy in advanced economies (the US, the euro area, and the UK) had differentiated effects on portfolio flows from these countries toward EMEs. The results show the following: First, US monetary policy had a bigger impact on bond and equity investment to EMEs than the euro area or UK monetary policy. Second, investors' response to US monetary policy was mostly homogeneous. Among EMEs regions, foreign portfolio investment to Emerging Europe and Latin America was more volatile that than to Emerging Asia, probably because other factors such as investors' preference (in the case of bond flows) or expectations of firms' profits (in the case of equity flows) could play an important role in investors' decisions. These results could be useful for policymakers from EMEs as a benchmark to anticipate differentiated effects in portfolio flows caused by advanced economies' monetary policy.