Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Émergence de la parole'
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Sock, Rudolph. "Organisation temporelle en production de la parole émergence de catégories sensori-motrices phonétiques." Grenoble 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE39019.
Full textSpeech production is a complex motor process, governed by the temporal orchestration of the articulators that are organized in time and space, thus contributing to the emergence of sensorimotor categories: the sounds of a given language. By paying more attention to the motor dimension of speech and by making a few epistemological adjustments, this approach resembles that of Stetson, who stated in his book "Motor phonetics" (1928; 1951; Reed. 1988) that speech was rather a set of gestures made audible than a set of sounds produced by movements. However, this research attempts to demonstrate, from experimental results, that speech is both a set of movements made audible (and visible) and a set of sounds produced by movements. In this perspective, the focus is on the nature of the mutual specification of the articulatory and acoustic levels, a trait that seems to characterize sensorimotor systems in general and, particularly, the speech production-perception one. In order to understand the timing of the gestures that "govern" the production of phonetic categories, it is essential to look, first, at the general principles that underlie biological sensorimotor behaviours to be able, second, to make necessary theoretical and methodological adaptations in the specific area of timing of linguistic gestures. This dissertation is concerned with a major theme in speech production: the timing of well contrasted linguistic categories. The main aim is to uncover temporal constraints that are tied to the production of quantity contrasts, by analyzing both articulatory and acoustic phasing patterns. Various hypotheses are made in this work, the strongest being the following: it is possible to pinpoint articulatory-acoustic regularities in the timing of quantity contrasts, regardless of language, dialect and speaker differences. Such regularities could be rationalized by referring to physical and semiotic demands of the speech production-perception system. After verifying the initial hypotheses, an attempt is made to discuss the data within a general theory of speech production and perception. Finally, propositions are made for a theoretical modelling of the emergence of sensorimotor behaviours in speech production and perception
Belrhali, Rabia. "Phonétisation automatique d'un lexique général du français : systémique et émergence linguistique." Grenoble 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE39057.
Full textThis study aims at describing relations between the orthographic code and the phonetic code in a french letter-to-phone system. Through the analysis of a large lexicon sample phonetic references of the "le petit robert 1" associated to the canonical forms of the icp lexicon "le 60 000", a systematic methodology stresses the optimal fonctionnement of units. The graphone, the minimal unit of logical operating, inferior to the grapheme, emerges from this analysis. Our concern is to show the linguistic validity of this unit. With the analysis of all the occurences of letters, whatever the locati ons of lexies, a toph grammar-lexicon of french was built, by bootstrapping on a primitive grammar. Each rule and each l exicon of this grammar was systematically studied, from the synchronic and diachronic points of view, which made them re levate in terms of linguistic descriptors. It is shown that the general lexicon of language includes sub-lexicons, defined by similar functional and etymological characteristics (e. G. Same input language, same usage). These sub-lexicon s cannot be related to an ideographic processing of language : they are described in phonographic relations sub-systems. This work finds applications in a text-to-speech and in automatic spelling errors correction
Talayssat, Anne-Sophie. "La parole pulvérisée : émergence et singularité d’une littérature de témoignage sur le génocide du Rwanda." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU20048.
Full textSince 1997 Rwandan witnesses who have survived the Tutsi genocide in Rwanda in 1994 have related their dreadful experience of one of the worst events of the 20th century. The urge to write about this terrible event was the starting point of a new genre of writing in French in the country. By analysing sixteen direct witnesses' accounts this thesis examines the assumption that the need to resort to another person to transcribe their oral testimonies could present an obstacle. It reveals the newness and singularity of this " witness literature " : a dramatic break from all traditional artistic forms, the specific technique with a note of poetry, the way it describes the devastation caused by the traumatic events. Moreover what is remarkable in a culture in which self- expression is not encouraged is how it combines testimony and autobiography. Indeed where personal history and collective history meet, by telling their private accounts some surviving witnesses have been able to rebuild what the genocide had destroyed, that is to say introspection and the relationship with the community which not only had not considered them as human beings but had also delayed recognising them as victims. This " testimony project" is an attempt at resilience and a demand for justice as well, a way of coming out of mourning in order to be able to go on living. This thesis intends to fully acknowledge the literary quality of these very important, essential writings and to understand the intensity of the trauma caused by the criminal acts they had to endure during the genocide
Andry, Soucila. "Emergence de la parole chez des enfants paralysés cérébraux et pathologies associées." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAC044/document.
Full textIn this research on the emergence of speech among children with cerebral palsy, whose pathology is motor disorders, our epistemological approach lies within theories that help to understand general cognitive development, based on the neurobiological functioning of the brain, and also on motor biomechanical and sensory processes involved in speech production. ln our study, we hypothesized the existence of a correlation between the development of swallowing-mastication and the emergence of speech. Underlying this correlation would be the development of control of the mandible, as well as that of the articulators of the orofacial sphere (tongue, lips, velum and epiglottis). The main experimental results show that despite their pathologies, these children follow preferential trends observed in all "valid" children, with the production of a new associative pattern that appears, including labial and coronal sounds. ln addition, our study indicates that grasping and food intake, through ils diversity, as well as its texture, would favour the development of prelinguistic and linguistic maturity in these children. Moreover, we posit that children with eating disorders, corresponding to primary eating disorders, will tend to develop secondary eating disorders that will lead to speech disorders
Le, Pipec Erwan. "Etude pluridimensionnelle d'un parler : description, émergence et aspects sociolinguistiques du breton de Malguénac." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00335105.
Full textLe, Pipec Erwan. "Etude pluridimensionnelle d’un parler : description, émergence et aspects sociolinguistiques du breton de Malguénac." Rennes 2, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00335105/fr/.
Full textThis thesis is an attempt to gain a large-scale understanding of a rural community dialect, in this case, the Breton dialect of Malguénac. In order to establish it, the study begins with a description of the phonological system. This description ignores certain well-known aspects which have previously been studied in detail, instead paying attention to both the vocalic system (by far the most original trait), and the accentual system, which had been quite ignored until now by Celtic language scholars in this area. After the most relevant characteristics have been brought out, this study focuses on putting this language back into a context in which it makes sense. This is done according to three axes: space, time and society. From the spatial point of view, Malguénac Breton is thus given a place on the Breton language network as a whole, especially regarding stress and word-patterns. Following on from other observations, it can be presented as transitional haut-vannetais. On the scale of time, the social and demographic evolution of the local population throughout the XIXth and XXth centuries is presented, so as to isolate the linguistic consequences of the mutations taking place in that period. Cohesion is the most striking phenomenon inside Malguénac society: on one hand, from neighbouring communities, which allows a local linguistic norm to be maintained, but also strengthening it as the community opens to newcomers. On the other hand, cohesion also distinguishes the Breton-speaking community from the French-speaking urban world. On this point however, opposition would not last. The sociolinguistic approach deals with this question. After revealing how the language is used in social interactions through the analysis of variation and adjustment strategies by certain speakers, the dynamic relationship that exists between Breton and French is examined. Reporting the collapse in the use of Breton, it is assumed that the contact between the two languages should not be considered as diglossia, but rather as a linguistic conflict
Corroy, Laurence. "Prises de paroles des lycéens et des étudiants au XIXe siècle : émergence d'une presse spécifique." Paris 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA030046.
Full textThe expression of the world vision is an issue for the back of history in the 19th first appear. In fact, under the Restauration then the July monarchy, the newspapers from the French National Library expressed the desire of the young even though the government and the educational establishment refuse to recognize them. Despite the obstacles they faced an unceasing censorship students newspapers developed - the 1881 freedom of the press law indeed encouraged this development. This press thought to develop links between grammar school and university students and abroad. This press analysed students representations of the world in which they lived - the everyday familiar world of working people and of feminine domestic help; it also shades light on bourgeois society and its triumphant rhetoric. The established press did not always look favourably on these mass pieces of the young : the uncouth dynamism of the young disturbed the journalists of the established press who considered that they did not sufficient respect to their elders
Rochet-Capellan, Amélie. "De la substance à la forme : rôle des contraintes motrices orofaciales et brachiomanuelles de la parole dans l’émergence du langage." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPG0129.
Full textAnd what if the sensori-motor properties of speech model language ? This hypothesis drove language in the field of complexity and embodied cognition. Here, we introduce different kind of evidences showing the part of the motricity of speech in the genesis of language. Orofacial motricity, first, with the assumption that the properties of inter-articulators coordination may constraint the morphogenesis of langage. Orofacial and brachiomanual motricity, then, with the hypothesis that language may emerge from hand-mouth coordination that support the act of pointing by the voice and by the hand. Hence, our experiments analyze the recorded motions of speakers of french during differents tasks in order to establish the properties of jaw-tongue-lips coordinations in speech and of jaw-hand coordination in pointing. These studies lie within the global and recent research framework that propose to investigate language as a complex-system
Ouni, Slim. "Parole Multimodale : de la parole articulatoire à la parole audiovisuelle." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00927119.
Full textHénaff, Nolwenn. "Parole authentique versus parole instrumentalisée : le pouvoir communicationnel des blogs." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00329927.
Full textDidiot, Emmanuel. "Segmentation parole/musique pour la transcription automatique de parole continue." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00187941.
Full textHénaff, Nolwenn Chevalier Yves. "Parole authentique versus parole instrumentalisée le pouvoir communicationnel des blogs /." Rennes : Université Rennes 2, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00329927/fr.
Full textSpreafico, Paola. "Le parole dell'Ostalgia." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/7441/.
Full textTravers, de Faultrier Sandra. "La parole professorale." Montpellier 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON10038.
Full textConvert, Agnès. "Parole et origine." Paris 4, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA040179.
Full textThis is an inquiry about original ontology. It take place in the Judeo-Christian civilization. Since the origin, the word is there. Searching what are the relations between origin and word is inquiring about a way of being in the world. Through the creative word, its transforming power, its truth, we find a man who is together one and three, build of the divine trinity. And we see haw he can be adequate to what the has to live
MOKDESSI, RANDA. "La parole salutaire." Paris 4, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA040122.
Full textSaint-Éloi, Rodney. "Émergence de la poétique créole en Haïti." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0009/MQ42008.pdf.
Full textBardet, Ivan. "Émergence de dynamiques classiques en probabilité quantique." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1071/document.
Full textThis thesis focus on the study of several bridges that exist between classical probabilities and open quantum systems theory. In the first part of the thesis, we consider open quantum systems with classical environment. Thus the environment acts as a classical noise so that the evolution of the system results in a mixing of unitary dynamics. My work consisted in defining a relevant von Neumann algebra on the environment which, in this situation, is commutative. In the general case, we show that this algebra leads to a decomposition of the environment between a classical and a quantum part. In the second part, we forget for a time the environment in order to focus on the emergence of classical stochastic processes inside the system. This situation appears when the quantum Markov semigroup leaves an invariant commutative maximal von Neumann algebra. First, we develop a recipe in order to generate such semigroup, which emphasizes the role of a certain kind of classical dilation. We apply the recipe to prove the existence of a quantum extension for L\'evy processes. Then in the same part of the thesis we study a special kind of classical dynamics that can emerge on a bipartite quantum system, call \emph. Such walks are stochastic but displayed strong quantum behavior. We define a Dirichlet problem associated to these walks and solve it using a variational approch and non-commutative Dirichlet forms. Finally, the last part is dedicated to the study of Environment Induced Decoherence for quantum Markov semigroup on finite von Neumann algebra. We prove that such decoherence always occurs when the semigroup has a faithful invariant state. Then we focus on the fundamental problem of estimating the time of the process. To this end we define adapted non-commutative functional inequalities. The central interest of these definitions is to take into account entanglement effects, which are expected to lower the speed of decoherence
Cherni, Anouar. "L'impossible émergence du théâtre tunisien (1960-2008)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100047.
Full textDespite of all his performances and his breakthrough under rather critical conditions, the Tunisian theatre remains in the hand of the government. The relationship between the State and the culture was always difficult. In a climate of mutual suspicion, each of the two parts try to have the confidence of the other for better using it in his own projects. The Tunisian theatre lives in a society which ist daily influenced by the modernity and must modify his cultural references. These phenomena disturb his way of working. Netherless, the theatre remains an effective means of expression, not only to affect the masses and to heighten public awareness of the problems of the society, but also to refflect the situation and the evolution of tunisian people. The question ist wether Tunisia could offer the conditions in terms of regulations, éducation, means and subsidies to make possible the realization of this programm and give to the men of theatre a solid platforme for a profound and original expression
Le, Prado Cécile. "Ecriture sonore : entre déterminisme, émergence et interactivité." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CNAM0913/document.
Full textThe author of this thesis has worked as music composer on numerous sound walk art installations. During the last decade, this work has been influenced by the design methods used in video games, leading to interactive sound walk pieces. In the design process of such pieces, as compared with interactive music works, the composer must write her/his sound design in a real or a virtual space according to the listener’s promenade. A way to drive this walk is to let the listener interact with the System through Non Player Characters (NPC). Such an installation shows the evolution of the composer’s role from that of a deterministic creation to a non-deterministic one. For a given piece, the creator leaves to the interactor a certain amount of freedom and to the system, according its level of self-sufficiency, a certain amount of autonomy. According to these two parameters, each art piece can be positioned somewhere within a triangle D.I.S. which vertices are the Designer, the Interactor and the System. The main goal of this thesis is to analyze the goals and the needs of the designer of such interactive pieces, in terms of methodology and tools. We begin this work by a state of the art covering various fields, from interactive art to intelligent agents. The third chapter is devoted to the analysis of interactive pieces designed by musicians, plastic artists, game designers. From this analysis we propose a set of classification criteria and we place these art works in the DIS triangle. The fourth chapter raises the problematic of our research. We assume that the choice of a position in this triangle is directly related to a choice between two writing styles, the “scripting style” and the “emergent style”. In the scripting style, the designer takes the point of view of the interactor who becomes the narrator. In the emergent style, the designer takes the point of view of the NPC. The two styles are first compared according to the criteria presented in the previous chapter.For a deeper analysis of the two styles, we have designed, with the help of a development team, two versions of the same interactive sound installation The Listening Walker. The installation was created in Paris during the “Futur en Seine” Festival in June 2013 and shown as an art installation for ICEC 2013 in Sao paulo.The goal of this sound walk is to discover a virtual district of Paris around the Pantheon. This installation is designed as a video game with different levels of exploration. The player’s reward is the discovery of the city mainly via sound. Success depends on his listening behavior: NPC are moving around him, interpreting his moves, the direction he takes and the time spent listening particular sounds. Depending upon the listener’s attitude, each NPC has his own reaction such as running away, getting closer to the listener, ignoring him or helping him to discover secret areas. In the fifth chapter, we present the whole creation and development process of the two versions of the installation. It starts with the constraints and artistic choices. The informal specifications of the two versions are presented and the methods and programming methodologies used described. In both cases, the lack of efficient tools for non programmers is pointed out. This experiment shows also the great complexity of the emergent style compared to the scripting style: it is much more difficult to specify a world than to write a story, even an interactive one.In the conclusion, we corroborate our analysis with the point of view of creators working in different fields from interactive music to game design. Some possible extensions of this work are then presented
Zerlauth, Pascale. "Le Christ, Parole créatrice." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00961175.
Full textLeclerc, Marie-Christine. "La parole chez Hésiode." Paris 10, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA100108.
Full textThis problem is to know what is Hesiod’s representation of speech, and in which way he integrates his own poetic speech in this view. The study is made up of four parts. The first two present the semantic and stylistic documents. It is to be noted that Hesiod gives an original touch to the homeric texts he uses to introduce new meanings. The poet has no general view of speech: the human way of speaking is defective, and comes second to situations. Reversely the gods'speech precedes actions. The third development reconstitutes the history of this difference between men's and gods' ways of speaking. In the theogony, considered as a kind of world "history", different series of expressions are collected and compared. It appears that in the past, men and gods spoke the same language, which men lost in the course of a long process of separation from gods, the end of which being the myth of prometheus. Their voice is now conform to their mortal destiny, which is not original. The myths in the works and days are in accordance with these conclusions. The fourth section studies the way hesiod tells of his job. It appears that the muses give him back the ancient voice. . Which permits him to reveal the truth. But at the same time, be remains responsible for the poetical forms, these being either tales appropriate to the small capacities of men, or clear truth. This is mostly made up of the transparent names he re-discovered thanks to be muses. Thus the poet, knowing men's and gods' language, places himself in the center of the world, for his speech is indispensable to cosmic communication
Gerbaix, Sylvie. "Une technologie de communication en émergence : la visioconférence." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20030.
Full textMohammad-Zadeh, Mehdi. "L'iconographie chiite des Qâdjârs : émergence, sources et développement." Paris, EPHE, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EPHE5021.
Full textThis PhD thesis is studying the genesis and the special characteristics of the Shiite iconography, to present an outline of its progress and report on its operation within the Iranian society at the time of qâdjârs (1796-1925). The Shiite iconography in Iran of qâdjârs, analysed in detail in five parts of this work, was presented in its dealings with the literary genres of representation of saints and stages of its evolution chronological on the one hand, and detailed presentation of its main themes and his sources of inspiration on the other hand. In this study, the representation of saints is seen in its iranian, shiite, historical and sociological context. Therefore, it took account of three methods of approaching the shiite icon ; a theology and history, a technique and its evolution and, finally, an aesthetic and its structures. The work consequently aims to introduce and analyse how the religious imagery was born n Iran of Qâdjârs and was defined during this time
Labardin, Pierre. "L' émergence de la fonction comptable en France." Orléans, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00487687.
Full textThis PhD dissertation tries to explain why and how the accounting function appeared in French firms. This research is based on cases study, on the study of accounting and management historic literature and on secondary sources. First of all, we point out that an organization without an accounting function existed during the 18th and the 19th century, even in the greatest firms. There were a huge gap between a technique well developed and the lack of staff. Then, we show a major change in the structure of the accounting knowledge at the beginning of the 19th century. It is progressively more legitimate and became normative. It can explain the appearance of new institutions : teaching and accounting assocations, profesional press and professions (accountants and consultants). They helped to diffuse the accounting function as the best way of accounting organization in the greatests firms. At least, we define the accounting function. This is obviously an issue of intellectual (accounting) and material (mechanization, loose leaf, ect. ) technique. This is also a great increase of functions with a very precise division of labour. This is fianlly the place where the word organization can perfectly sum up the situation : the organization of space, of time and strcuture
Lefeuvre, Pierre. "Recombinaison et émergence virale : le modèle des Begomovirus." La Réunion, 2008. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/08_11-lefeuvre.pdf.
Full textEmerging viruses are defined as those that have recently appeared or those whose populations have recently increased in prevalence, pathogenesis and / or geographical distribution. Understanding the pathways viruses use to evolve and adapt to new ecological niches is a central issue of viral emergence. Among phytoviruses, Begomovirus genus (circular single strand DNA) is responsible of numerous emerging diseases on crops. Recent studies have shown the existence of indigenous and exotic begomovirus complexes in the South West Indian Ocean Islands. This region, because of its isolation and its ecological richness, represents an opportunity for begomovirus diversity study and the understanding of evolutionary factors involved in. In Reunion Island, the accidental and successive introduction of two exotic and invasive strains of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), gave us the opportunity to study the spatial and temporal evolution of this viral complex in a tropical and insular ecosystem. This study has put forward a rapid displacement of TYLCV-Mld by TYLCV-IL strain. Our analyses of pathogenicity showed no statistical difference in fitness between the two strains, but the virulence tests have demonstrated that TYLCV-IL present a higher virulence than TYLCV-Mld. Hypotheses about those differences and explanation of TYLCV-Mld displacement in regards to the recombinant nature of TYLCV-IL were proposed. In the broader context of the South West Indian Ocean Islands, the study of begomovirus genetic diversity has shown the existence of an extraordinary viral diversity. Phylogenetic reconstruction demonstrates that the island viruses are associated with the 'African Mediterranean' monopartite and bipartite begomovirus group and that they display a polyphyletic origin. An analysis of evolving factors associated with the genesis of this diversity, enabled (1) to show that recombination had taken a dominant place in the evolution of these viruses, and (2) to describe the existence of hot and cold spots of recombination on begomovirus genome. Therefore, conducting a comprehensive analysis based on begomovirus sequences available in public databases, has led to suggest the intervention of mechanistic factors and / or selective pressure in shaping recombination patterns. Mechanistic factors due to conflicts between replication and transcription complexes were proposed to be involved in the creation of recombinant viruses. The study of recombinant protein disruption level (SCHEMA analysis) demonstrates that newly created recombinants are under strong purifying selection acting on deleterious rearrangements. Ultimately, it would only remain the reasonably adapted recombinant viruses, for which recombination has not disrupt the multiple interactions networks encoded by the genome and responsible of its biological functions. Finally, enlargement of the same analysis to all circular single strand DNA viruses, viruses presenting a wide host ranges (animals, plants and bacteria), demonstrated once again the importance of recombination in their evolution and that purifying selection shapes recombination profiles. The ability of begomovirus to exchange genetic material by recombination and the existence of high mutation rates appear to be a strong advantage for the adaptation to new ecological niches offered by their vectors and its worldwide spread. Those factors made begomovirus having a strong emerging potential, domain in which they were already successful
Muhindo, Matiri Benoît. "Le Synode pour l'Afrique, émergence d'un projet d'évangélisation." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/44281.
Full textMilot, Véronique. "Émergence d'un nouveau paradigme éducationnel: Le mobile-learning." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27536.
Full textChen, Zhongrui. "Azacalixphyrines : émergence d'une nouvelle famille de tétraazamacrocycles aromatiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4074.
Full textThe thesis work deals with three families of π-conjugated molecules and particularly focuses on amino-azacalixarenes and phenazine derivatives as well as a new class of aromatic tetraazamacrocycles named “azacalixphyrin”. Since these compounds are emerging in the literature, we have deliberately focused our efforts on their synthesis and on the physico-chemical studies of these new π-conjugated systems in order to, when it is appropriate, establish structure / properties relationships. The synthetic accesses to these compounds are mainly based on aromatic nucleophilic substitutions. All these derivatives are potentially new molecular tools for various applications in the fields of energy, materials and medicines
Vilaysouk, Vilayphone. "Codage de parole par transformée pour le développement de codeurs parole-audio unifiés." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8148.
Full textBarreaud, Vincent Haton Jean-Paul. "Reconnaissance automatique de la parole continue compensation des bruits par transformation de la parole /." (S.l.) : (s.n.), 2004. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCD_T_2004_0175_BARREAUD.pdf.
Full textBarreaud, Vincent. "Reconnaissance automatique de la parole continue : compensation des bruits par transformation de la parole." Nancy 1, 2004. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2004_0175_BARREAUD.pdf.
Full textPerformances of an automatic speech recognition system degrade when test and training conditions do not match. Classical Stochastic Matching (SM) method proposes an off-line estimation of a compensation function that maximizes the likelihood of the compensated speech, given the optimal sequence of models proposed by the recognition process. We developed a new frame-synchronous technic based on SM : compensation is performed in parallel with the recognition. This is suitable to cope with slowly varying noise. We proposed two additional versions of our approach: -a tree structure of transformations is used to build a state-dependant non-linear compensation function. This is motivated by the fact that similar observations will be affected similarly by the environment. -a surveillance process monitoring the fluctuations in the environment is used to trigger the reinitialisation of the compensation process. This enables our algorithm to cope with environments experiencing sudden occurrences of noise
Forcier, Denis. "Étude de cas, MLB.com : émergence des médias Internet d'entreprise." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25806/25806.pdf.
Full textVoinson, Marina. "Émergence et contrôle des épidémies dans les populations humaines." Thesis, Lille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1R063.
Full textInfectious diseases have shaped the history of the human species. Nowadays, the emergence of new pathogens threatens public health. Understanding the interaction between pathogen ecology and human behaviour can help understanding the dynamics observed in human populations. In this thesis, two main axes were studied: the epidemic dynamics of emerging infectious diseases (EID's) in human populations and the impact of human behaviour on the control of infectious diseases. The epidemic dynamics of emerging pathogens is poorly understood because it is often studied without taking into account the effect of their characteristics, namely their persistence in a reservoir population and their ability to emerge in a broad range of species. For the first time, we modeled the dynamics of EID's and highlighted that transmission from both the reservoir and intermediate populations are critically important to consider in order to understand the many and unpredictable outbreaks that can be observed. Thereafter, the impact of human behaviour on infectious diseases control was studied by considering two aspects, vaccination decision-making and cultural practices. We show that consideration of cognitive biases related to vaccination decision-making and the interaction between behaviour and epidemiology can lead to the fluctuations observed in vaccination coverage. Finally, the study of cultural practices has shown that, although often assumed to favour the spread of pathogens in a population, certain practices can limit disease transmission. The results taken together suggest that an ecological approach is key for predicting the dynamics underpinning the emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases and adapt control strategies
Vallois, Nicolas. "L' émergence d'un nouveau domaine de savoir : la neuroéconomie." Paris 1, 2012. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00765033.
Full textMalaterre, Christophe. "Les origines de la vie : émergence ou explication réductive ?" Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010581.
Full textLuis, Gamallo María. "Émergence d'un nouveau roman en Galice : idéologie, esthétique, imaginaire." Paris 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA030068.
Full textThis study presents the evolution of contemporary novel written in Galician language (1980-2003). It stresses on the stakes and the contradictions which act upon Galician writing in a minority, marginal literary context and a situation of diglossia. The creation can hardly be divided from a linguistic, social, ideological even political aspect. The novel's evolution is probably subject to misadventures of nationalism, conditioned itself by the will of creating a national galician literature. Actually, while the cultural universalization aims at the disappearance of literary borders, " minor " literatures get out of " ghettoes " to take place in the universal literary system. These " minor " literatures, the galician one among others, affirm precisely their differences and struggle for their own survival and preservation against the world-wide homogenization
Pigem, Nathalie. "Styles de lecture mère-enfant et émergence de littéracie." Toulouse 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU20087.
Full textCoris, Marie Laëtitia. "Le logiciel libre : émergence et hybridation d'une alternative productive." Bordeaux 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR40038.
Full textKoné, N'Bégué. "L' émergence de l'Afrique dans l'oeuvre de Michel Leiris." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON30047.
Full textThe emergence of Africa in the work of Michel Leiris testifies his willingness to know the other and at the same time to re-evaluate his own self through the encounter with the other. Leiris travels through Africa from the west to the east during the Dakar/Djibouti mission from 1931 to 1933 as the recording archivist of the ethnographic and linguistic mission headed by Marcel Griaule. This mission becomes an occasion for Leiris to get in touch with Africans and to be away from Europe for a moment. His stay in Sanga allows him to enter the sacred universe of Dogon people and to analyse the significance of the masks. As far as that goes, his stay in Abyssinia also gives him the opportunity to be in direct contact with the possessed people and the Zar spirits. Ethiopia is the last country visited by Leiris and it is the country which touches him the most. Blacks do not make any difference between Leiris and the other white colonialists during this particular period of colonisation. His encounter with Africa gives birth to several pieces of work such as Ghost Africa and The Secret Language of Sanga’s Dogons. Leiris hopes that his travel to Africa will help him find a therapy to his problems. In this vast enterprise, he will see the myth of a regenerative travel broken and will not be able to get rid of his obsessions. Ghost Africa is a testimony on the ambiguous position of ethnology of this particular period. Objectively; he tries to say everything on his own self and on what he feels while in Africa. The other becomes his main concern, from Africa to the West Indies; he is interested in the cultures of the black people with often a critical comment on them. He becomes ethnologist himself, questioning the world from the sample of human category that he is, as an external witness somehow, of what is happening in his own self and around him. Africa remains a ghost for Leiris because of the image of Emawayish, the Gondarian of Ethiopia with whom he falls in love during his stay in Abyssinia
Vega, Rua Anubis. "Émergence du virus chikungunya en Amérique et en Europe." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066197/document.
Full textChikungunya virus (CHIKV), transmitted mainly by the mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, is a major public health problem. Since 2004, CHIKV epidemics have been reported in Africa, Asia, the Indian Ocean Islands, and Europe. Only the Americas seemed spared despite high densities of mosquitoes and multiple introductions of the virus to the continent by travelers returning from countries where CHIKV was circulating. We have assessed the risk of CHIKV emergence in the Americas by evaluating the vector competence of 35 local populations of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus infected with different strains of CHIKV. These populations were shown to be susceptible to CHIKV infection, highlighting the predominant role of salivary glands as a "filter" of transmission. Genotyping of Ae. albopictus from the Americas using microsatellites allowed the identification of a genetic cluster of populations characterized by a low transmission of CHIKV strains of the East-Central-South-African genotype. In October 2013, Asian strains of CHIKV began circulating in the Caribbean. Thus, we evaluated the susceptibility of 11 populations of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus to the Asian CHIKV genotype and showed that the two species were sufficiently competent to ensure dissemination of the virus throughout the continent. Furthermore, we showed that Ae. albopictus was likely to facilitate the spread of CHIKV to Europe. However, the vector competence of French Ae. albopictus to the Asian CHIKV genotype was negatively affected by temperatures lower than those usually found in tropical countries
Roose-Debut, Marie-Clotilde Wunenburger Jean-Jacques. "Désir d'être et parole poétique." Lyon : Université Lyon 3, 2006. http://thesesbrain.univ-lyon3.fr/sdx/theses/lyon3/2006/roose_mc.
Full textBissonnette, Beauchemin Lucie. "Une catéchèse qui tient parole." [S.l. : s.n.], 2007.
Find full textFenelli, Laura <1980>. "Sant'Antonio Abate: parole, reliquie, immagini." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2007. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/245/.
Full textBianchi, Marina <1978>. "Vicente Núñez: parole come armi." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/1168/.
Full textGhitti, Jean-Marc. "La parole et le lieu." Nice, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NICE2005.
Full textAfter showing that space covers up place, this work strives to situate, beyond all thought of dwelling, the appearence of place in poetical speech
Amehraye, Asmaa. "Débruitage perceptuel de la parole." Télécom Bretagne, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TELB0072.
Full textCerf, Jean-Yves. "Le roman de la parole." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2008/CERF_Jean-Yves_2008.pdf.
Full textThis ethnography of word, is based on dialogues between a inhabitant of Mulhouse (Alsace), Alfred Weil (1909-2006) and the author. The childhood of Alfred Weil, son of a couple of German Jewish immigrants, was confused by the first world war and its suites. He was a butcher, a healer, and he transmitted divine warnings. His experience has an important religious element. He asserts the Jewish-Alsatian traditional values in a bottomless practice of word. This practice is the object of study. It is truthfully transcribed in its polyglot dimension. The corpus of his jokes in Alsatian Yiddisch and in French takes part in the building of borders of his world. Across this experience, the author questions about the place of orality in the society and in the anthropological field
Morin, Edwige. "Tchekhov : la parole au féminin." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28072.
Full textBissonnette, Beauchemin Lucie. "Une catéchèse qui tient parole." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2007. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/5212.
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