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Journal articles on the topic 'Emergency contraceptives'
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Pokharel, Yagya Raj, Shaluja Pokharel, and Bharat Kumar Shrestha. "Assessment of knowledge towards emergency contraceptives among college students in Ramechhap district of Nepal." Journal of General Practice and Emergency Medicine of Nepal 9, no. 14 (2022): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.59284/jgpeman8.
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Introduction: A high rate of unintended pregnancy exists among college students as they belong to the sexually active age group. So, it is significant to know the knowledge of college students regarding emergency contraceptives.
 
 Objectives: To assess the knowledge of students towards Emergency Contraceptives and to identify the association between male and female students towards knowledge of emergency contraceptives.
 
 Method: An online survey in Ramechhap district among college students studying in bachelor’s and master’s level was conducted from March 15, 2022 to April 10, 2022 where total of 169 students participated. Non parametric test was used to find the result of the objectives.
 
 Result: The study showed that 83.4% students had the knowledge of Emergency Contraceptive pills and 59.2% of students first heard about such pills in the last 5 Years. Among them 79.9% of students knew where to get Emergency Contraceptive pills, 24.2% of students know the Emergency Contraceptive pills works if there is menstrual delay. Only 56.9% of students know the time to take Emergency Contraceptives pills after unprotected sexual intercourse and 46.7% of students know that the Emergency Contraceptive pill is not used for regular contraception. Only 49.1% of students know the right number of tablets that needs to be consumed after unprotected intercourse.
 
 Conclusion: Majority of the students are aware of the Emergency Contraceptive pills however they have limited understanding about it. In comparison to female students, male had better understanding about Emergency Contraceptives.
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Tenaw, Lebeza Alemu. "Practice and determinants of emergency contraceptive utilization among women seeking termination of pregnancy in Northwest Ethiopia—A mixed quantitative and qualitative study." PLOS ONE 17, no. 2 (2022): e0263776. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263776.
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Background Emergency contraceptives are used within 72 hours after unprotected sexual intercourse to prevent unwanted pregnancy. Although emergency contraceptives are widely available in Ethiopia, termination of pregnancy remains a public health problem indicating low uptake of emergency contraceptives after unprotected sexual intercourse. This study aimed to assess utilization and determinants of emergency contraceptives among women seeking termination of pregnancy in Northwest Ethiopia. Methods An institutional-based cross-sectional study was carried out, supplemented by phenomenologically approached in-depth interviews. Systematic random sampling was used to select study participants. A structured questionnaire and an in-depth interview guide were used to collect data. Data were entered by EPI-info and analyzed through SPSS version 23 to conduct logistic regressions. Thematic analysis was used to conduct qualitative interpretation. Results Almost one-fifth (78; 19.2%) of the study participants used emergency contraceptives to prevent their index pregnancy. Women who had secondary education (aOR 3.28; 95% CI 1.59, 6.79) and women who had no living children (aOR 4.52; 95% CI 1.40, 14.57) had a positive significant association with emergency contraceptive utilization. On the other hand, women who did not discuss contraceptives with their sexual partner (aOR 0.49; 95% CI 0.27–0.91) and women without a history of abortion (aOR 0.45; 95% CI 0.24–0.97) had a negative significant association with emergency contraceptive utilization. Conclusion and recommendation There is relatively low utilization of emergency contraception among pregnancy terminating women. Reproductive health programs should encourage women discussion with their partners about emergency contraceptives to decrease occurrence of unwanted pregnancy and termination of pregnancy.
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Matyanga, Celia M. J., and Blessing Dzingirai. "Clinical Pharmacology of Hormonal Emergency Contraceptive Pills." International Journal of Reproductive Medicine 2018 (October 4, 2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2785839.
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Emergency contraceptives play a major role in preventing unwanted pregnancy. The use of emergency contraceptives is characterized by myths and lack of knowledge by both health professionals and users. The main objective of this paper is to summarize the clinical pharmacology of hormonal methods of emergency contraception. A literature review was done to describe in detail the mechanism of action, efficacy, pharmacokinetics, safety profile, and drug interactions of hormonal emergency contraceptive pills. This information is useful to healthcare professionals and users to fully understand how hormonal emergency contraceptive methods work.
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Ghike, Sunita, Savita A. Somalwar, Sulbha A. Joshi, Anjali S. Kawthalkar, Sheela H. Jain, and Madhuri S. Gawande. "LNG Emergency Contraceptive Pills: Risk Factor for Ectopic Pregnancy." Journal of South Asian Federation of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 5, no. 2 (2013): 87–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10006-1233.
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ABSTRACT Hormonal emergency contraceptive drugs designed to prevent undesired pregnancy are available over the counter. In spite of availability of various contraceptive techniques, couple protection rate in our country is still inadequate. A large number of couples prefer to use emergency contraceptive pill instead of regular contraceptives. Though hormonal emergency contraceptives pills are highly effective and safe with fewer side effects, their failure rate is high when used in periovulatory period with increased chances of ectopic pregnancy. How to cite this article Jain SH, Ghike S, Gawande MS, Joshi SA, Kawthalkar AS, Somalwar SA. LNG Emergency Contraceptive Pills: Risk Factor for Ectopic Pregnancy. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2013;5(2):87-88.
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Dahan-Farkas, N., and M. Vally. "The use of emergency hormonal contraception in South Africa: current and future perspectives." South African Family Practice 61, no. 2 (2019): 46–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/safp.v61i2.5003.
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Emergency hormonal contraceptives play an important role in preventing unplanned pregnancies in South Africa. In this review, we discuss the levonorgestrel emergency contraceptive, the combined estrogen and progestin regimen (also known as the Yuzpe method) and the use of Ulipristal acetate. The levonorgestrel and the combined estrogen, progestin regimen are available in South Africa. The specific mechanisms of action of each of these emergency hormonal contraceptives will be discussed as well as their efficacy, the side effects associated with each of these preparations and the drug interactions. Levonorgestrel can be used as a single dose (1.5 mg) instead of two doses (0.75 mg) 12 hours apart. Levonorgestrel is very effective, with fewer adverse effects than the combined estrogen and progestogen administration. Levonorgestrel and the Yuzpe method have demonstrated good efficacy when utilised within 72 hours after unprotected intercourse or contraceptive failure. These emergency hormonal contraceptives should not be used as regular contraception. It is essential that all health professionals and educators inform women of reproductive age about the risks and common side effects of emergency hormonal contraceptives.
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O. Raji, Mansur, Sahiha Wakkala, Ummu Salma Mustapha, et al. "Emergency Contraceptives: Knowledge, Attitude and Prescription Practice of Primary Healthcare workers in Sokoto Metropolis, Northwest Nigeria." Annals of Basic and Medical Sciences 2, no. 1 (2021): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.51658/abms.202121.2.
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Background: Emergency contraception refers to methods of contraception that can be used to prevent pregnancy after sexual intercourse. About thirty percent of all pregnancies, and 61% of all unintended pregnancies, ended in an induced abortion in Nigeria, and many women with unwanted pregnancies decide to end them by abortion. Healthcare providers' knowledge and attitude towards emergency contraception is very important for dissemination of awareness, consumer acceptance and use of contraceptives, as health care workers interact with large numbers of women and are reliable sources of information. This study aimed to assess healthcare workers' emergency contraception knowledge, attitude and prescription practice. Materials and Methods: The study was a cross-sectional study. Healthcare workers providing services in Primary Health care facilities of Sokoto metropolis were studied. Using formula for sample size estimation for crosssectional study, a total of 419 respondents were recruited into the study using systematic sampling technique. The instrument of data collection was a structured interviewer administered questionnaire and data was collected by means of Open Data Kit for android App and analysed using IBM SPSS statistical software package version 23. Univariate and bivariate analysis were conducted; level of significance was set at 5%. Results: Few (39.9%) respondents knew that Intra uterine contraceptive devices can be used for emergency contraception, only 15.4% knew how emergency contraceptives work. Most (75.4%) believed that emergency contraceptives should be available only on prescription; and 30.5% felt that emergency contraceptive pills promote irresponsible behaviour. More than half of the respondents (56.5%) had prescribed within the last one month, 48.7% of them prescribed less than 5 times within the month. Only 27(8.0%) have ever prescribed emergency contraceptive pills in advance of need. Conclusion: The study respondents had good knowledge of emergency contraceptives, albeit, with some misconceptions, they also demonstrated good attitude, however, the prescription practice was fair.
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Belachew, Sewunet Admasu, Dawit Kumilachew Yimenu, and Begashaw Melaku Gebresillassie. "Pharmacy Professionals’ Dispensing Practice, Knowledge, and Attitude towards Emergency Contraceptives in Gondar Town, Northwestern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study." International Journal of Reproductive Medicine 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8754126.
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Background. Pharmacy professionals, as the most available members of medical team, have an important role in educating patients about the effective and appropriate use of contraceptives. The purpose of this study was to assess pharmacy professionals’ dispensing practice, knowledge, and attitude towards emergency contraceptives use in Gondar town, northwestern Ethiopia. Methods. An institution based cross-sectional study was employed from May 14 to June 14, 2016, on 60 pharmacy professionals, who have been working in 8 randomly selected pharmacies and 6 drug stores. The collected data was entered to and analyzed using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Result. More than half 33 (55.0%) of the participants were druggist with 5–9 years of experience. About 56 (93.3%) of the participants knew about the dosing schedule (when and how much to take) and side effects of emergency contraceptives. More than two-thirds of the participants (39, 65%) agreed that the existence of emergency contraceptives is a positive thing and considered their use is ethical (42, 63.3%). The majority of participants (51, 85%) also reported that they counsel all women when dispensing emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs). Conclusion. This study revealed that knowledge, attitude, and dispensing practice of emergency contraceptives are very good even though there were variations with respect to different factors. Findings suggested that additional training and proper counseling technique on emergency contraceptives will improve the service delivery.
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Liao, Shao-Feng, Ching-Hsing Lee, Lung-Sheng Wu, Chih-Huang Li, and Hsien-Yi Chen. "Left ventricular thrombus and systemic embolism after painless myocardial infarction in a young female." Hong Kong Journal of Emergency Medicine 25, no. 2 (2018): 110–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1024907917745233.
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Oral contraceptives are widely used because of their reliability. Although oral contraceptives are known to increase the risk of thromboembolic events, there are extremely few reports of oral contraceptive–induced left ventricular thrombus. Herein, we report a 37-year-old non-smoking female, who had regularly taken oral contraceptives for 14 years, developed an anterior myocardial infarction concomitant with left ventricular thrombus, bilateral segmental renal infarctions, and lower limb ischemia. Medical treatment with a combination of dual antiplatelet therapy and anticoagulants completely relieved her symptoms.
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Nayak, Ranjeeta, Manasi Panda, Sarmistha Padhy, and Kumar Guru Mishra. "Awareness regarding emergency contraception among married women attending urban health centre, Berhampur, Odisha, India." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 8, no. 2 (2020): 524. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20200229.
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Background: In India unplanned pregnancy and illegal abortions still remains a problem. Unintended early pregnancy and frequent childbearing contribute to high pregnancy related morbidity and mortality which can be prevented by use of suitable contraceptives. In circumstances where women are unable to exercise sexual and reproductive decision making, introduction of emergency contraceptive pills may provide important back up option to enable women to control their fertility.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between August- October 2016 among 215 married women of reproductive age group attending the Urban Health Center, Berhampur, to study the awareness about most common methods of contraception, decision-making regarding contraceptive and knowledge and practice of emergency contraceptive pills.Results: This study concludes that most commonly used method was Oral contraceptive pills (28.3%) and major source of information regarding different methods of contraception were through friends and relatives (44.6%). Awareness about emergency contraception mostly came through television. Of those aware of ECPs (14.4%) only 16.1% had used it in their lifetime.Conclusions: Although there is awareness about contraceptives methods, knowledge and practice of emergency contraception is low.
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Sonubi, S. A., and Lushiku Nkombua. "Contraceptive usage in women requesting emergency contraception in Swaziland." South African Family Practice 57, no. 3 (2015): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/safp.v57i3.3981.
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Background: The Kingdom of Swaziland, following the introduction of the National Family Planning Programme in 1973, has witnessed insufficient scientific publications on the contraceptive practices in the country despite documented high fertility rates and low contraceptive prevalence rates. This study was conducted to understand the practices and potential determinants of contraception among Swazi women who requested emergency contraception.Methods: The data were collected over a period of one month and analysed using simple descriptive analysis to summarise the data and bivariate analysis to determine relevant factors associated with the use of contraception.Results: The majority of participants (79%) use contraceptives. Reasons given for not using contraception previously ranged from medical conditions to not being sexually active. Widely used contraceptives are male condoms, injectable hormones and combined oral contraceptives while the least popular are implants, and post-coital pills. Knowledge of contraceptives came mainly from the health facilities, peers and mass media while parents are the least consulted sources. A high percentage (97%) are aware of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and that male and female condoms are the best forms of protection against STDs. Demographic and socio-economic variables are not significantly related to the use of contraceptives.Conclusion: The study established that the majority of the participants used some form of contraception and they also delayed their sexual debut up to the age of 18–20 years. The observed changes of increased contraceptive use and later age of sexual debut could be associated with increased levels of education of the participants and the predominant relaxed approach by Protestants and Zionists who are usually tolerant of contraception. The recommendations, based on the findings of this study, would assist with the planning and implementation of future family planning programmes for which this study serves as a foundation.
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Fareed, Perveena, Farhana Siraj, and Neha Mahajan. "Knowledge attitude and practice of contraceptives in married women in a tertiary care." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 9 (2017): 4102. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20174069.
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Background: To estimate the knowledge, attitude and practice of contraception among women attending postpartum OPD.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Obstetrics and Gynecology outpatient department Government medical college Srinagar. Sample size of 200 patients attending post-partum OPD were taken and questioned using a questionnaire. Questions were asked regarding age, educational status, parity, knowledge, practice of contraceptives and reasons for non-use of contraceptives.Results: 63% of patients were aware of any contraceptive. Among contraceptives most common known contraceptive was OCP’s (62%) followed by female sterilization (52%) and Intrauterine devices (51%). Only 21% were aware of male sterilization. Implants were known to only 5% of patients. Awareness of emergency contraceptives was seen in only 18.5% of patients. Among patients having awareness of contraceptives most common used method was OCP’s (73%) followed by barrier, IUD’s (48%) and injectable (44%).Conclusions: The study highlights that awareness does not always lead to the use of contraceptives. A lot of educational and motivational activities and improvement in family planning services are needed to promote the use of contraceptives and reduce the high fertility rate.
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Said, André, Matthias Ganso, Leonard Freudewald, and Martin Schulz. "Trends in dispensing oral emergency contraceptives and safety issues: a survey of German community pharmacists." International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy 41, no. 6 (2019): 1499–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-019-00911-6.
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Abstract Background Oral emergency contraceptives containing levonorgestrel or ulipristal acetate are available without prescription and only in pharmacies in Germany since March 2015. Due to this change community pharmacists are responsible for evaluating whether the product is appropriate and to educate women on proper use. Objective To measure the utilization of emergency contraceptives without a prescription and describe potential concerns and safety issues identified by community pharmacists in Germany. Setting The Drug Commission of German Pharmacists' nationwide network of reference pharmacies which includes 860 community pharmacies. Methods Reference community pharmacies were asked to participate in the eleven-questions online survey. Respondents were asked to recall their experiences with oral emergency contraceptives in the past 3 months. Data were collected between January 8 and February 19, 2018. Main outcome measure The survey focused on the utilization of emergency contraceptives without a prescription in Germany, and on the pharmacists’ experiences with (potential) problems and concerns regarding safe use. Results In total, 555 community pharmacies (64.5%) participated. Overall 38.2% of community pharmacists stated they dispensed six to ten courses of emergency contraceptives within the past 3 months. In addition, 54.3% of the pharmacists estimated they dispensed emergency contraceptives exclusively without prescription and 35.9% dispensed more than 30% of emergency contraceptives during night-time and emergency services. Moreover, 82.8% of pharmacists stated that emergency contraceptives were requested not by the women concerned but a third person and 44.3% identified uncertainties in woman's self-diagnosis. Three out of four pharmacists had concerns about the effective and safe use of emergency contraceptives. In situations suggesting sexually transmitted diseases, or suspicion for use of force, 59.5% and 55.8% of the pharmacists, respectively, dispensed emergency contraceptives. In cases of acute health impairment or chronic disease, or (potentially) relevant drug/drug interaction, the vast majority (91.0% and 90.5%) did not. Here, most pharmacists referred to gynecologists. Conclusion Pharmacists had safety concerns when dispensing emergency contraceptives. Professional expertise in evaluating the need for oral emergency contraceptives and the proper use is needed.
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Khanal, Prabha. "Factors Responsible for the Decline Contraceptive Prevalence rate in Nepal." Patan Prospective Journal 2, no. 1 (2022): 118–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ppj.v2i1.48129.
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This study is based on the factors responsible for the decline in the use of contraceptives in Nepal since 2006. The main objective of this study is to identify potentially responsible factors contributing to the reduction of CPR in Nepal. This study is based on a secondary resource. For the purpose of this study, data and information has been collected from various sources such as demographic and health survey reports, published national and international articles and reports in related contexts. The Family Planning Program is a priority program of the Government of Nepal, established with the objective of ensuring that individuals and couples fulfill their reproductive needs and rights using quality family planning methods based on voluntarily informed choices. The use of temporary contraceptives in Nepal has not increased over the past few years and has remained stable rate since 2011 and 2016. This does not mean an overall decline in the prevalence of contraceptives because of the prevalence rate of any method of contraception has increased (53%) in 2016 from 50 percent in 2011 and 48 percent in 2006. Since 2006, the uses percentage of modern contraceptive methods has not increased, this study is focused on the causes of low or stable contraception rate. Still, the current supply of contraceptives has not able to meet the high demand of contraceptive users. The demand for contraceptives was 67 percent in 2016.The reasons for the decline in contraceptives in Nepal could be (a) Spousal Separation (especially in the reproductive age group), (b) increasing use of traditional methods, (c) legalization of abortion and (d) use of emergency contraception. Results show that 47 percent of married women discontinued the use of family planning methods because of their husband being away from home. Similarly, 9.8 percent of married women were traditional method users. After the legalization of abortion, the number of abortions has been gradually increasing over the year and the use of emergency contraceptive pills is also increasing day by day.
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Dubrovina, S. O. "Topical issues in combined oral contraceptives usage." Gynecology 20, no. 2 (2018): 60–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.26442/2079-5696_2018.2.60-63.
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The article presents topical issues of combined oral contraceptive (COC) use: among women with obesity, the effectiveness of COC in the management of premenstrual syndrome, the risk of thrombosis among women using of COCs and the economic justification for screening thrombophilia before the appointment of combined oral contraceptives, and the "quick start" of COCs after emergency contraception.
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Jha, Bhu Dev. "Knowledge and Use of Emergency Contraceptive Pills among Bachelor's Level Female Students of Kathmandu Valley." Journal of Health Promotion 8 (November 22, 2020): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jhp.v8i0.32990.
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Emergency Contraceptive Pill (ECP) is used for preventing pregnancy after having unprotected sexual intercourse, contraceptive failure or forced sex. The use of ECP within 120 hours of sexual intercourse could prevent unwanted pregnancy and its adverse effects particularly unintended childbirth and unsafe abortion. The study, therefore, aimed to assess knowledge and use of emergency contraceptives among Bachelors level female students from Kathmandu Valley. A descriptive cross-sectional study was undertaken from August to November 2017 among 347 female students who were studying at the Bachelors's level. A random sampling technique was used to select study participants and a structured self-administered questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge and use of ECP after securing informed consent. Epi data and SPSS version 22 were used for data processing and analysis. The mean age of the female students was 21.5 years. Overall, 91.4% of the respondents had ever heard about emergency contraceptives. The main sources of information were radio or television, the internet and newspapers. About 4.6% of the undergraduate female students used ECP. Age, marital status, use of contraceptives and knowledge of ECP used within 72 hours were significantly associated with use of ECP. Although the findings of this study showed a high prevalence of knowledge among respondents, the improvement of female students’ knowledge on specific details of ECP and its advantages/disadvantages and timely utilization needs to be considered for any future awareness programmes.
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Getinet, Mamaru. "Emergency contraception among female regular undergraduate students of Debre Markos University - knowledge, attitude, utilization, and associated factors, 2021: a cross-sectional study." Ethiopian Journal of Reproductive Health 14, no. 4 (2022): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.69614/ejrh.v14i4.627.
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Introduction: Emergency contraception is a type of modern contraception used to prevent pregnancy after a sexual act that is either unprotected or insufficiently protected. Conceived failure, condom breakage, missed doses of oral contraceptives, and failure to utilize any method of contraception are all common reasons for emergency contraception. To prevent such problems, emergency contraceptives are the only method that can be used after unprotected sex. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practice of emergency contraception in the study area. Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study using multistage stratified sampling was conducted at Debre Markos University from June 27 to July 15, 2021. A sample size of 446 students was proposed for the study and a self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were entered to EPI INFO and translated to SPSS for window version 26 for data analysis. Multiple logistic regressions were employed to describe the strength of the association between the selected study variables by controlling the effect of possible confounders Result: The majority of the participants (74.4%) reported that they had heard about EC. Out of those who heard about emergency contraceptives, 58.1% identified oral pills as a possible method of emergency contraceptive, followed by injectable 18%. Around half, 207 (46.7%) of the study participants indicated that they recommended others to use ECs. Among the respondents who had ever heard of EC, almost one-fourth 104 (23.3%) of them had ever used EC Pills. The Father's educational level, field of study, and year of study showed a significant association with good knowledge of EC in multivariate logistic regression analysis. There is a strong association between the field of study, marital status, and knowledge about emergency contraceptive communication with the practice of emergency contraception. Conclusions and recommendations: This study showed that the awareness of emergency contraception among respondents was fair. Moreover, their attitude to using emergency contraception and to advising others to use and their practice is low. Therefore, further to increase the knowledge, attitude, and practice of emergency contraception user-friendly services, basic training about reproductive health and family communication services should be promoted.
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Grimes, D. A. "Emergency contraceptives over the counter." Western Journal of Medicine 172, no. 3 (2000): 148–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ewjm.172.3.148.
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Bhatta, Ramesh, Susmita Godar, and Kabita Aryal. "Knowledge and practice regarding the use of emergency contraception among the higher secondary students of Nepal." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 7 (2019): 2751. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20192805.
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Background: Emergency contraception or post coital contraception refers to methods of contraception that can be used to prevent pregnancy after sexual intercourse. Among the adolescents, premarital and unplanned sexual intercourse mostly result unintended pregnancy. In such conditions, emergency contraception is effective, safe and relatively inexpensive and can prevent pregnancies up to 95% if taken immediately or within 5 days after the sexual intercourse. Emergency contraception is available in pill form and IUD. Objective of this study was to assess the knowledge and practice of emergency contraception use among the higher secondary level students.Methods: Study includes descriptive cross-sectional method with total 190 respondents who were selected though census method of sampling. Study data were collected through semi structured questionnaire and the data was analyzed by using the SPSS version 20.Results: Mean age of the respondent was 17.8 years and 98.4% of them were unmarried. Among the total respondents only 63.7% of them have heard about the emergency contraception. About 14.2% of the respondents had experience sexual intercourse, out of those 51.8% have used emergency contraceptive method to prevent them from unintended pregnancies. Among those who had experience sexual intercourse, 22% of them got unintended pregnancies, which were managed through surgical abortion (83.3%) and medical abortion (16.7%).Conclusions: Knowledge on proper use of emergency contraceptives can prevent unintended pregnancies that may occur among the adolescents due to premarital and unplanned sexual intercourse. However, only two third of respondents have heard about the emergency contraceptives. So it is important to raise awareness on emergency contraception and its rational use among the adolescents.
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Habitu, Yohannes Ayanaw, Hedija Yenus Yeshita, Abel Fekadu Dadi, and Desta Galcha. "Prevalence of and Factors Associated with Emergency Contraceptive Use among Female Undergraduates in Arba Minch University, Southern Ethiopia, 2015: A Cross-Sectional Study." International Journal of Population Research 2018 (January 23, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2924308.
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Emergency contraceptives (ECs) need to be available and used appropriately as a backup in case regular contraception is not taken by people like university students. This study was conducted to assess emergency contraception use and its associated factors among female undergraduates of Arba Minch University. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 515 undergraduates using a structured questionnaire. Respondents were selected by the stratified random sampling technique and data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were fitted to identify associated factors. The adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was used to present the identified risk factors. The prevalence of emergency contraception use among Arba Minch University students was 78.0% (95% CI: 71.5%, 84.5%). Better information about emergency contraceptives (AOR = 6.3; 95% CI: 2.4, 9.7), good approach of EC service providers (AOR = 9.3; 95% CI: 2.4, 11.6), and positive attitude about ECs (AOR = 2.4; 95% CI: 1.5, 7.2) were factors significantly associated with EC use. The prevalence of emergency contraceptive use noted in this study was comparatively higher than the results found by previous studies conducted in Africa and Ethiopian universities. Continuing support for and wider dissemination of the class are recommended. The fact that the students/participants readily accepted the preceding provisions made such positive findings possible and sustainable.
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Jain, Seema, and Komal Anand. "Emergency Contraceptives: A Response from Nurses." International Journal of Current Research and Review 12, no. 21 (2020): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31782/ijcrr.2020.122121.
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Jain, Seema, and Komal Anand. "Emergency Contraceptives: A Response from Nurses." International Journal of Current Research and Review 12, no. 23 (2020): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31782/ijcrr.2020.122306.
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Soon, Judith A., Marc Levine, Brenda L. Osmond, Mary H. H. Ensom, and David W. Fielding. "Provision of Emergency Contraceptives by Pharmacists." Canadian Pharmacists Journal / Revue des Pharmaciens du Canada 137, no. 6 (2004): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/171516350413700605.
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Bist, Aayush, Rajshree Jha, Meeta Singh, Kanchan Devkota, Divya Das, and Neha Das. "Knowledge and Prevalence of Emergency Contraceptive Pills among the General Population Visiting a Tertiary Care Centre." Journal of Nepalgunj Medical College 20, no. 2 (2022): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jngmc.v20i2.51906.
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Introduction: Emergency contraception is a contraceptive method used to prevent unwanted pregnancy in the first few days after unprotected sexual intercourse or contraceptive failure/accident. Many women are unaware of the existence of emergency contraception, misunderstand its use and safety, or do not use it when needed. Especially, residents of the rural regions of Nepal are deprived of family planning services and measures, which cover a major percent of our hospital patients.
 Aims: To assess the knowledge regarding emergency contraceptive pills, family planning and their prevalence.
 Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study with a population size of 392 was performed at Nepalgunj medical college teaching hospital, Kohalpur, starting from January to April 2022. A pre-tested questionnaire containing structural, semi-structural, and open-ended questions in printed form was made as a data collection tool. All the people in this study were interviewed after receiving their consent.
 Results: 363 out of 392(92.6%) people in our study have known about contraceptives. Only 74.93% responded to having used some sort of contraceptive measure. Oral contraceptive pills were found to be the most used measure in 265 (73%). 222(61.6%) of 363 have heard about emergency contraceptive pills but only 71(31.98%) of them have ever used them. Out of 222 respondents who were aware of emergency contraceptive pills, only 129(58.10%)correctly identified 72 hours as the time limit for the methods to be used. Nineteen respondents (8.56%) believed that emergency contraceptive pills could be used as regular pills. None of them were aware of the use of the intrauterine contraceptive device as an emergency contraception.
 Conclusion: Despite having knowledge, only two-third population was found using any of the contraceptive measures. Among those having knowledge about emergency contraceptive pills, more than a half people preferred emergency contraceptive pills for any unplanned event. Emergency contraception awareness is essential to prevent unwanted pregnancy.
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Rana, M., and UD Ranjitkar. "Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Reproductive Aged Women regarding Emergency Contraceptives in Tertiary Hospital." Journal of Institute of Medicine Nepal 40, no. 3 (2018): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.59779/jiomnepal.899.
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Background: In Nepal maternal mortality rate is very high more than one in five women die from pregnancy or pregnancy related causes. Emergency contraception is a method used to avoid pregnancy after unprotected sexual intercourse unlike the regular methods of contraception that are taken before sexual contact. Oral contraceptive pills and intrauterine contraceptive devices are mainly used as emergency contraceptives. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge, attitude and practice of emergency contraceptive among women Methods: A descriptive cross sectional research design was carried out .Non probability purposive sampling was used to select sample which was 174 reproductive aged women attending family planning clinic of TUTH. Data was collected by interview using semi structured interview questionnaire. Data analysis was done by descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS version 17.0. Results: Based on findings majority 67.24% of respondent had knowledge to prevent unintended pregnancy, regarding practice only 13% used emergency contraceptive (EC) correctly within 72 hours of unsafe intercourse. 90.80% of respondents used family planning (FP) methods to reduce unwanted pregnancy. 47.13% responded correctly as EC is not a method of abortion and among all respondents 43.68% did abortion for unwanted pregnancy. Maximum 82.76% respondents had positive attitude towards EC. Conclusion: The study findings showed majority of respondents had knowledge to prevent unintended and unwanted pregnancy; but only few percentage practice EC correctly within 72 hours of unsafe intercourse. Similarly majority of respondents had positive attitude towards EC, hence IEC prograamme should be planned to provide information regarding prevention of unintended pregnancy among reproductive aged women.
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Ngugi, Rachel N., James Musovya, Wacuka G. Njoroge, and Maurice O. Kodhiambo. "Impact of contraceptive counselling, an essential element of post-abortion care, on uptake of contraceptives: a cross-sectional study of adolescents who received post-abortion care services in Makueni County, Kenya." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 9, no. 1 (2021): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20214982.
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Background: Contraceptive counselling and provision of contraceptives are essential elements of the post-abortion care model which was first published in 1994 with an aim of promoting post-abortion care as an effective public health strategy. Despite being core elements of this model, they are often overlooked during provision of post-abortion care services as health care workers focus on emergency services and removing the retained products of conception. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of contraceptive counselling on uptake of contraceptives among adolescents presenting for post-abortion care.Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 100 adolescent girls who presented for post-abortion care at the Kibwezi-east sub-county hospital, Makueni county, Kenya. Self- administered questionnaires were used for data collection and data was analyzed using SPSS version 25. Chi-square was used to compare study participants who received/did not receive contraceptive counselling and their uptake of contraceptives.Results: The mean age of the 100 participants was 17 years (SD=1.457). 98% of them were formally educated, 57% had the mother as their only guardian and majority of them were of Christian religion (56%). 41% (n=41) received contraceptive counselling services and 59% (n=59) were not counselled. Among the 41 participants who received contraceptive counselling, 92% (n=37) of them took up a contraceptive method and 8% (n=4) did not take up any method and among the 59 participants who did not receive contraceptive counselling, 51% (n=30) of them took up a contraceptive method while 49% (n=29) did not.Conclusions: Contraceptive counselling remains an integral part of post abortion care and in this study it was found to have a positive correlation with utilization of post abortion contraceptives (rs=0.412, p=0.000).
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Ngene, Masereka Benon. "Knowledge Attitude and Barriers to the Use of Family Planning Among Married Men and Women at Fort Portal Hospital-Kabarole-Uganda." IDOSR JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SCIENCES 10, no. 1 (2024): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.59298/idosr/jes/101.918.1124.
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According to the Uganda Demographic and Health Survey, most women and men knew some family planning methods but only about 29%of married women were using contraceptives. 20% of women had an unmet need for family planning. We examined knowledge, attitudes and contraceptive practice as well as factors related to contraceptive use in Fort Portal region Uganda. Methods: Data were collected between Sept-Nov 2023 among 160 married couples using a multi-stage sampling design. Quantitative data was based on semi-structured questionnaires and was triangulated with qualitative data collected during focus group discussions. We compared proportions and performed logistic regression analysis. The concept of family planning was well-known in the studied population. Sex-stratified analysis showed pills and injectables were commonly known by both sexes, while long-term contraceptive methods were better known by women, and traditional methods as well as emergency contraception by men. Formal education was the most important factor associated with better knowledge about contraceptive methods (aOR = 2.07, p,0.001), in particular among women (aOR women = 2.77 vs. aOR men = 1.49; p,0.001). In general, only 1 out of 160 men ever used contraception, while 65% and 44% of females ever used and were currently using contraception respectively. The high knowledge of contraceptives did not match with the high contraceptive practice in the study area. The study demonstrated that mere physical access (proximity to clinics for family planning) and awareness of contraceptives are not sufficient to ensure that contraceptive needs are met. Thus, projects aiming at increasing contraceptive use should contemplate and establish better counselling about contraceptive side effects and method switches. Furthermore, in all family planning activities, both wives’ and husbands’ participation should be considered. Keywords: Family planning, Contraceptive use, Women, Men, Married couples.
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Hasan, Areeba, Amardip A. Nandeshwar, D. K. Srivastava, and Afroz A. Khan. "A study on prevalence of contraceptive use and its determinants among eligible couples in urban slums of Gorakhpur district." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 10 (2018): 4288. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20183961.
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Background: As the urban slum population is increasing rapidly and have higher rate of illness than non-slum areas of the same city. Root of most of the health related problems are due to population which can be best controlled by family planning. The aims and objectives of the study were to know the prevalence of use of contraceptive methods and determinant of contraceptive use among couples in urban slums of Gorakhpur.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted from September 2013-August 2014 in urban slums of District Gorakhpur. WHO 30 cluster sampling method was applied.Results: 145 (67.4%) of all eligible couple had ever used a contraceptive method. About one third of females (28.9%) had undergone Permanent sterilization followed by Condom (21.3%) use. About (15.0%) DMPA and IUCD were used in about equal in proportion. OCPs were used only by (12.4%) females. On the basis of caste, SC/ST showed highest ever use of contraception.Conclusions: Among the males 92.1% males and 89.8% females had the knowledge about contraceptives to be used. Prevalence of currently using contraceptives is 44.6%. About one third of females (28.9%) had undergone permanent sterilization followed by condom (21.3%) use. About (15.0%) DMPA and IUCD were used in about equal in proportion. OCPs were used only by (12.4%) females. Emergency contraceptives least used. No vasectomy done. About 10% lack of knowledge of contraception and a huge gap between knowledge and practice. So some educational programmes and motivational programmes must run in our community.
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Chernick, Lauren S., Jonathan Y. Siden, David L. Bell, and Peter S. Dayan. "A Qualitative Assessment to Understand the Barriers and Enablers Affecting Contraceptive Use Among Adolescent Male Emergency Department Patients." American Journal of Men's Health 13, no. 1 (2019): 155798831982591. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988319825919.
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Early fatherhood is common in the United States (U.S.). The emergency department (ED) plays a disproportionate role in serving patients with unmet reproductive and sexual health needs. With 8 million adolescent males visiting U.S. EDs annually, the ED is a potential site to implement interventions to minimize early fatherhood and unintended teenage pregnancy. Little is known about how adolescent male ED patients perceive and behave in sexual relationships and how they influence contraceptive decision making. The objective of this study was to identify the barriers and enablers affecting contraceptive and condom use among adolescent male ED patients. Semistructured interviews were conducted with males aged 14–19 in one urban ED. Enrollment continued until saturation of key themes. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded based on thematic analysis using NVivo 10. The Social Ecological Model was used to organize and understand themes. Participants ( n = 24) were predominantly 18–19 years (63%) and Hispanic (92%). Most (71%) had sex ≤3 months prior but infrequently used a condom at last intercourse (42%). The primary barrier influencing contraceptive use was lack of knowledge of effective contraceptives. Other barriers consisted of perceived gender roles, poor partner communication, and little relationship with a primary provider. Enablers included intention not to get a partner pregnant, school-based sexual health education, normalcy to use condoms, and a trustworthy confidante. The identified barriers and enablers influencing adolescent males’ perspectives toward contraceptives should be addressed if designing future ED-based pregnancy prevention interventions targeting teen males.
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Nemser, Bennett, and Nicholas Addofoh. "Contextual factors associated with contraceptive utilization and unmet need among sexually active unmarried women in Kenya: A multilevel regression analysis." PLOS ONE 17, no. 6 (2022): e0270516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270516.
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Background Unmarried women who report less recent sexual intercourse (>30 days from survey enumeration) are largely excluded from global health monitoring and evaluation efforts. This study investigated level and contextual factors in modern contraceptive utilization and unmet need within this overlooked female subpopulation in Kenya from 2014 to 2019. Methods This study analyzed data from the Performance Monitoring and Accountability (PMA) survey in Kenya, a nationally representative survey of female respondents, to understand the level and contextual factors for family planning utilization and unmet need within female subgroups including married, unmarried sexually active (defined as sexual intercourse within 30 days of survey enumeration), and unmarried with less recent sexual intercourse (defined as sexual intercourse 1–12 months prior to survey enumeration). The analysis included multilevel regression modeling to assess correlates on outcomes of modern contraceptive prevalence rate (mCPR), unmet need, and recent emergency contractive pill (ECP) use, which is a unique PMA question: “Have you used emergency contraception at any time in the last 12 months?”. Results Cumulatively, the surveys enumerated 19,161 women and this weighted analysis included 12,574 women aged 15–49 from three female subgroups: 9,860 married women (78.4%), 1,020 unmarried sexually active women (8.1%), and 1,694 unmarried women with less recent sexual intercourse (13.5%). In 2019, while controlling for covariates, unmarried women with less recent sexual intercourse exhibited statistically significant differences (p-value<0.02) in current mCPR, mCPR at last sexual intercourse, unmet need for modern contraceptives, and recent ECP use. As compared to an unmarried woman with less recent sexual intercourse (i.e., reported sex 1–12 months prior to survey), the odds of an unmarried sexually active woman (i.e., reported sex within last 30 days of survey) currently using modern contraceptives was 2.28 (95% CI: 1.64, 3.18), using modern contraceptives at last sexual intercourse was 1.44 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.95), and having an unmet need for modern contraceptives was 2.01 (95% CI: 1.29, 3.13) while controlling for covariates. The odds of a married woman using ECP during the last 12 months was 0.60 (95% CI: 0.44, 0.82) as compared to an unmarried woman with less recent sexual intercourse. In 2019, unmarried women with less recent sexual intercourse reported the highest rate of ECP use during the last 12 months at 13.5%, which was similar for unmarried sexually active women at 13.3%. Since 2014, summary measures of unmet need and total demand for modern contraceptives increased for unmarried women with less recent sexual intercourse, but declined for the other female subgroups. Conclusion In Kenya, unmarried women with less recent sexual intercourse exhibited significantly different contraceptive utilization, unmet need, and recent emergency contraceptive use. Moreover, changes over time in key family planning indicators were asymmetrical by female subgroup. This study identifies an important monitoring gap regarding unmarried women with less recent sexual intercourse. Evidence dissemination by the global measurement community for these unmarried women is exceedingly scarce; therefore, developing an inclusive research agenda and actionable information about these marginalized women is needed to enable targeted planning and equitable service delivery.
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Al-Metwali, Basma Zuheir, and Juan Majid Shaukat. "Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Iraqi Community Pharmacists Toward Emergency Contraceptives (Conference Paper )#." Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-ISSN 1683 - 3597 E-ISSN 2521 - 3512) 31, Suppl. (2023): 141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31351/vol31isssuppl.pp141-152.
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Emergency contraceptives (ECs) are indicated for preventing the chance of unintended pregnancy that follows unprotected sexual intercourse in cases of incorrectly used regular contraceptives and in sexual assault. It is considered a safe choice to prevent pregnancy than abortion which is considered life threating. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of community pharmacists towards emergency contraceptives and their association with sociodemographic variables. This study was a cross sectional study conducted between August and September 2021 on a convenient sample of community pharmacists from Iraq. The survey tool was an online, self-administered questionnaire, in English language and a paper-based copy of the questionnaire was delivered face-to-face to some of the study participants. The questionnaire consisted of four parts, sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude and practices of community pharmacists toward emergency contraceptives. A total of 212 community pharmacists participated in the study. Of the study participants, 67.9% were in the age range of (24-29) years, 61.8% were females,60% had less than 5 years of experience, the majority (73.1%) were from Baghdad. This study showed that the majority of community pharmacists (74%) had good knowledge and 95% of them had a very positive attitude. However, 51% of the participants had poor practice where 62.5% of the pharmacists did not make counselling during dispending on mechanism of action. This study results have shown no significant relationship between demographic characteristics and KAP of participants towards emergency contraceptives. The majority of the study participants had good knowledge and very positive attitude too, whereas poor practice was observed in more than half of the participants. Educational programs and training sessions are required to raise knowledge about the importance of emergency contraceptives and also to improve the dispensing practice of these products.
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Qato, Dima M., Rebecca Myerson, Andrew Shooshtari, Jenny S. Guadamuz, and G. Caleb Alexander. "Use of Oral and Emergency Contraceptives After the US Supreme Court’s Dobbs Decision." JAMA Network Open 7, no. 6 (2024): e2418620. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.18620.
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ImportanceThe US Supreme Court Dobbs v Jackson Women’s Health Organization decision allowed states to strengthen restrictions on abortion access, triggering the closure of family planning clinics and leading to confusion about the legality of emergency contraceptives (ECs).ObjectivesTo evaluate the association between the Dobbs decision and fills for oral and emergency contraceptives in states that enacted the most restrictive abortion policies after Dobbs.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study used data on contraceptive fills for women of reproductive age (15-49 years) in the US from IQVIA’s National Prescription Audit PayerTrak and data from the Guttmacher Institute were used to categorize changes in abortion restrictions in each state. A difference-in-differences analysis compared changes in monthly fill rates for daily oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) and ECs in states that became most restrictive (implemented a full abortion ban after Dobbs) and comparison states (kept a medium level of abortion restrictions after Dobbs) before (March 2021 to November 2021) and after (July 2022 to October 2023) the Dobbs decision.ExposureState-level abortion restrictions.Main Outcomes and MeasuresMonthly fills of OCPs and ECs per 100 000 women of reproductive age.ResultsBetween March 2021 and October 2023, 142.8 million prescriptions for OCPs and 904 269 prescriptions for ECs were dispensed at US retail pharmacies. Before Dobbs, trends in monthly fill rates were similar for OCPs and ECs between the most restrictive and comparison states. After the Dobbs decision, states that became the most restrictive experienced an additional 4.1% decline in OCP fills with 285.9 fewer fills per 100 000 (95% CI, −495.8 to −6.8; P = .04). In contrast to OCPs, fills for ECs increased during the first year after Dobbs (July 2022 to June 2023) in both groups of states. However, 1 year after Dobbs (July 2023 to October 2023), the most restrictive states experienced an additional 65% decrease in emergency contraceptive fills with 13.2 fewer fills per 100 000 (95% CI, −27.2 to −4.1; P = .01).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of prescriptions filled at US pharmacies, the Dobbs decision was associated with declines in oral contraceptives, particularly ECs, in states enacting the most restrictive abortion policies. Given the important role of OCPs and ECs in preventing pregnancy and the need for abortion, efforts to improve access may be needed, especially in states where legal abortion is no longer an option.
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Escalante-Reinozo, Manuel R., Desireé G. Bermúdez-Morantes, and Antonio J. Villavicencio-Moreno. "Anticoncepción de emergencia en estudiantes universitarios. ¿Qué tanto usan y conocen este método los jóvenes?" Revista de Obstetricia y Ginecología de Venezuela 83, no. 04 (2023): 425–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.51288/00830409.
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Objective: To determine the level of knowledge that a group of university students have about emergency contraception, in addition to knowing how often they use these methods. Methods: Quantitative, correlational, cross-sectional research. A survey was applied to all the students of the Physiopathology course of the Pharmacy and Bioanalysis Faculty of the Universidad de Los Andes in Mérida-Venezuela. The data collection instrument was validated by Matzumura-Kasano in her research and was used with previous authorization, in addition, a review of the literature was made, inquiring about the most controversial aspects of emergency contraceptives. Results: 87 people surveyed, between 21 and 36 years old, 66 women. Seventy-seven percent actively have sexual intercourse. 59.8 % have never received information on emergency contraception methods. 71.2 % know the ideal time to use postcoital contraceptives. 89.7% consider that emergency contraceptives are not safe and have repercussions on health, 82.8% think that they are not effective in preventing pregnancy and 53% do not know how they work. Conclusion: There is little education about emergency contraceptives among the respondents, most of them do not know how they work. Most of the respondents know the ideal time to use postcoital methods, but consider that they are not safe, have health repercussions and are not effective in preventing pregnancy, which demonstrates the need to inform the population.
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Rahman, Md Atiqur, Md Mahfuzar Rahman, Sazia Huq, and Sardar Mahmud Hossain. "Contraceptive Practice of Married Women: Experience from a Rural Community of Bangladesh." Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal 5, no. 1 (2014): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/akmmcj.v5i1.18767.
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Bangladesh is a country having high density of population in the world. Its fertility rate ranges from 4.1 to 5.49 and life expectancy is 66years while the total fertility rate of Asia is 2.2 and life expectancy 70 years. This descriptive type of cross sectional survey was carried out among 240 married women of reproductive age from July to December, 2012 in some villages of Keranigonj, Upazila, Dhaka. 73(31%) were practicing some methods of contraception, while 167 (69%) were not using it. OCP (Oral Contraceptive Pill) was the commonest method of contraception followed by Condoms 12(5%), Injectable 12(5%), Implant 12(5%) & Tubectomy 6(3%). None was found using IUCD and Traditional method ( withdrawal, rhythm method ) and emergency contraceptive method. The use of contraceptive was more common in grand multipara (p<0.01), >35 years old ladies (p<0.05). Non users of contraceptives in this study were 167 (69%) and the major reason for the non use was intention to have more children 53(31.46%) followed by pressure from the husband 21(12.35%), prohibition by the religion 18 (10.9%) and desire for son 17 (10.11%). Among the 73 contraceptive users 38 (52%) experienced side effects with the use of contraceptives. The commonest side effects were menstrual irregularities 17(23.8%) followed by change in body weight 8(11.19%). Frequency of contraceptive use was found comparatively low among rural married women despite high level of awareness. Desire for larger family, religious concerns and fear of side effects were the main factors responsible for non users. Religious scholars must play their role in clarifying many aspects regarding contraceptives. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/akmmcj.v5i1.18767 Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal Vol. 5, No. 1: January 2014, Pages 14-18
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Sahile, Addisu Tadesse, and Mieraf Shiferaw Beyene. "Magnitude of Induced Abortion and Associated Factors among Female Students of Hawassa University, Southern Region, Ethiopia, 2019." Journal of Pregnancy 2020 (September 22, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2856502.
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Objectives. This study was aimed at assessing the magnitude of induced abortion and associated factors among students in Hawassa University, southern region, Ethiopia, 2019. Methods. An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among a total of 422 students selected on the bases of a probability simple random sampling method. A pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Analysis was made with SPSS 20. Descriptive summary and inferential statistics (binary logistic regression) were used with a 95% CI and P value of less than 5% as a level of significance. Findings were presented in tables, figure, and texts. Confidentiality of information was also secured. Results. The prevalence of induced abortion in the study setting was 68.7% (95% CI: 64.15%-73.2%). Participants who used emergency contraceptives had 12 times higher odds of undergoing abortion than those who did not use emergency contraceptives at AOR: 11.95, 95% CI: 5.615-25.326, P<001. Conclusions. A higher prevalence of induced abortion was observed in the study setting. Contraceptive use was the predictor of induced abortion identified. Concerned bodies were recommended to work on the identified determinant of induced abortion in the study setting.
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Rott, Hannelore. "Birth Control Pills and Thrombotic Risks: Differences of Contraception Methods with and without Estrogen." Hämostaseologie 39, no. 01 (2019): 042–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1677806.
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AbstractIn Germany one-third of the women in fertile age use combined oral contraceptives (COCs), which consist mostly of ethinylestradiol (EE) and a synthetic progestin. Older COCs with norethisterone or levonorgestrel have a lower risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE) than newer COCs with desogestrel, drospirenone, or gestodene. This is also true for nonoral combined hormonal contraceptives. The risk of newer COCs containing estradiol instead of EE is not clear due to missing data. Progestin-only hormonal contraception is not associated with a significant increase of the risk for VTE with the exception of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate. Emergency contraceptions, which do not contain EE, but only levonorgestrel or ulipristal acetate, do not result in a higher risk for VTE. Oral desogestrel- or levonorgestrel-only contraceptives, intrauterine device, and etonogestrel implants are the contraception of choice in women with a history of VTE and/or suffering from thrombophilia. These safe contraceptives should be offered to women with high risk of VTE due to the much higher VTE risk in pregnancy and postpartum. The screening for thrombophilia is not indicated in every woman with the wish for contraception. This should be restricted to certain cases, for example to women with a positive history for VTE or with close relatives suffering from VTE in younger than 50 years.
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Leung, Vivian W. Y., Marc Levine, and Judith A. Soon. "Mechanisms of Action of Hormonal Emergency Contraceptives." Pharmacotherapy 30, no. 2 (2010): 158–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1592/phco.30.2.158.
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Khan, Farhan, and Elizabeth Gold. "Emergency contraceptives: A review of available options." Dalhousie Medical Journal 41, no. 2 (2015): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15273/dmj.vol41no2.6030.
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Thomin, Anne, Valentin Keller, Emile Daraï, and Nathalie Chabbert-Buffet. "Consequences of emergency contraceptives: the adverse effects." Expert Opinion on Drug Safety 13, no. 7 (2014): 893–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/14740338.2014.921678.
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BEREDA, GUDISA. "Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice towards Emergency Contraceptives use Among Negelle Health Sciience College Female Students, South Eastern, Ethiopia: a Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study, 2021." Women Health Care and Issues 5, no. 1 (2022): 01–08. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2642-9756/093.
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Background: Emergency contraceptives is the only method women cause to prevent pregnancy after they have had unprotected sexual intercourse. About 7.2% of women will be sexually assaulted by a stranger and depending on the region; 23-36% of women will experience unwanted sex from an intimate partner. Objective: To ascertain knowledge, attitude and practice towards emergency contraceptive use among female students in Negelle college of health sciences. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study design was carried out July 29 /2021 to September 31/2021.Data was collected through employing semi-structured self-administered questioner, and then the collected data was cleared, coded and analyzed by statistical packages for social sciences 26.0 version statistical software. Descriptive statistics were used for variables using statistical parameters of frequencies, and percentages, and were presented in table format. Factors with a bivariate test value ≤ 0.05 were included. Results: The study was conducted on total sample of 152 participants, among the respondents, majority 131(86.2%) of them age was >20 years old. Above half 92(60.5%) of the study subjects was heard the cornerstones merit of contraceptives was to prevent pregnancy.82(53.9) respondents were agree about when having unintended sexual intercourse, they take ECPs.60 (39.5%) of the study subjects were agree about fear of side effects hinder them from not using ECPs.85(56.0%) were used EC pills after unprotected sexual intercourse. Age greater than twenty years and unmarred female students was predictors to have good knowledge about EC pills. Conclusion and recommendations: A majority of this study subjects were came from urban area, and majority of the study subjects were bought EC from pharmacy from pharmacy and shop. Knowledge, attitude and practice towards EC among female students were high. Health care workers should have to escalate awareness of the usage of emergency contraceptive methods among female students.
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Adaki, Andeskebtso Yohanna, Jellason Yinalabi Anthony, and Megia Esvandiari. "Examining the Awareness Levels, Usage Trends, and Influencing Factors of Emergency Contraceptives Among Women in Ussa Local Government Area of Taraba State, Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Research Inquiry." Journal of Healthcare and Biomedical Science 2, no. 1 (2023): 50–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31098/jhbs.v2i1.1982.
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Unintended pregnancies and unsafe abortions remain significant global public health concerns, particularly in low-income countries. This research assessed the awareness, usage, and influencing factors of emergency contraceptives among women in the Ussa Local Government Area of Taraba State, Nigeria. The study employed a cross-sectional survey research design where 384 questionnaires were distributed among sampled women of the reproductive age group (15-49 Years) in the study area. The findings indicate that while roughly half of the respondents were aware of emergency contraceptives, there is room for improvement in terms of disseminating information about their availability and usage. Regarding the usage of emergency contraception, a sizable portion of respondents (34.3%) said they had used it, although the majority (65.7%) had not. Furthermore, formal sensitization on emergency contraceptives is lacking for a large part of the population, just as a significant proportion of respondents have yet to use them. The study also found that factors influencing women's attitudes toward emergency contraceptives in Ussa Local Government Area include economic constraints, knowledge gaps, moral beliefs, partner dynamics, social stigma, and the fear of negative health implications. Based on the findings of the study, the recommendations include enhancing health promotions by Health agencies in Ussa Local Government, encouraging parent-child discussions on reproductive health, engaging traditional and religious leaders in family planning promotions, establishing young girls-friendly centers, and implementing comprehensive reproductive health education programs to empower women and reduce unintended pregnancies.
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Vasetska, A. "Emergency contraception using progestin drugs in domestic cats." Ukrainian Journal of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences 3, no. 2 (2020): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/ujvas3-2.01.
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Today, in conditions of strict quarantine, when it is not always possible to carry out surgery in cats, some methods of emergency drug contraception can be used. Over the years, many contraceptive medications have been developed for companion animals, but many secondary adverse effects have limited their use. However, in all species, the secondary adverse effects of progesterone-type drugs limit their use and vary depending on when treatment is given in relationship to the stage of the estrous cycle. An ideal non-surgical sterilant would be safe, effective, permanent, administered as a single injection and capable of being manufactured inexpensively. Contraceptives are used for cats, as a method of renewable fertility over time for breeding animals, as a method of suppressing sexual function for animals at risk for surgery, and to prevent over populations in stray cats. The use of non-surgical, safe and effective methods of suppression of sexual function in cats eliminates traumatization, anesthesia and complicated postoperative period in animals, which in some cases are impossible in the state of health, etc. The most common and affordable method of medical contraception is progestins, such as megestrol acetate, medroxyprogesterone acetate, proligestone (used orally or as a depot injection). These drugs are effective in inhibiting sexual function. Contraceptives for felids are available as implants, depot injections, and pills or liquid for oral administration, powder for mixing with food, or as vaccines. Regimens may differ according to the timing of first treatment, whether coinciding with the active reproductive period, preceding this period, or during anestrus. Ideally, the treatment regimen is initiated during anestrus to minimize the dose needed for reproductive suppression and to avert exposure to endogenous steroids that can cause lesions in reproductive organs.
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Arthur-Norman, Priscilla, Desmond Asamoah Bruce Otu, Frederick William Akuffo Owusu, Annabella Agyemang Aboagye, and Rahel Adutwiwah Aboagye. "Knowledge, Attitude and Usage of Female Oral Contraceptive Pills among Female Hawkers in the Central Business District, Kumasi, Ghana." International STD Research & Reviews 13, no. 1 (2024): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/isrr/2024/v13i1172.
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Background: The use of oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) can prevent pregnancy and improve menstrual health. Their effectiveness, ease of use, and reversibility make them a preferred choice. Accessible birth control options for all individuals, regardless of age or finances, is crucial. Understanding cultural attitudes and usage patterns of contraceptives is vital for effective reproductive health care, including emergency contraception options. Aims: This study evaluated the awareness, perceptions, and usage of oral contraceptives among women (female hawkers) in the central business district of the Kumasi Metropolis. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Central Business District (CBD) of Kumasi Metropolis encompassing the following areas: Adum Shopping Centre, Kejetia lorry station and Central market between the periods of 15th December 2023 and 12th April 2024. Methodology: This study employed a descriptive cross-sectional design to evaluate knowledge, attitude and the use of the common female oral contraceptive pills among female street hawkers in Kumasi’s CBD. A semi-structured face-to-face interview technique was utilized. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 and Microsoft Excel software (2016). Results: The study surveyed 114 participants, with 91.67% below 40 years of age. Most were single (66%), and 30% were married. Over half (54.7%) had used oral contraceptives, while 41.3% had not. Among users, 79% followed the instructions for use as directed by a healthcare professional, but 21% did not. A third (33.3%) reported contraceptive failure, whereas two-thirds (66.7%) did not. A majority (85.2%) believed in a link between contraceptive use and infertility. Usage time of OCP varied as 28.8% used before, 5% during, and 65% after intercourse. Conclusion: Majority of the respondents were found not to choose oral contraception as their means of contraception and those who chose it had limited knowledge about its usage and thus influenced compliance and adherence greatly.
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Dorji, Thinley, Karma Wangmo, Dendup Tshering, Ugyen Tashi, and Kinley Wangdi. "Knowledge and attitude on sexually transmitted infections and contraceptive use among university students in Bhutan." PLOS ONE 17, no. 8 (2022): e0272507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0272507.
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Objectives The unmet needs of contraception can lead to unintended pregnancy and transmission of sexually transmitted infections (STI). Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the contraception use, knowledge, and attitude on STI among students under Royan University of Bhutan (RUB). Methods This was a cross-sectional study using an online questionnaire. The questionnaire was developed in Google forms and the link was shared through the college WeChat groups. The questionnaire consisted of four parts on socio-demographic, sexual behaviour and contraceptive use, knowledge, and attitude on STIs. All the students under RUB were invited to participate voluntarily in this study. The socio-demography was presented in frequency and proportion. Result A total of 1,283 students participated in this survey and 55.0% (701) were females. Of this, 29.4% (377) were sexually active and 94.4% reported using modern contraception. Commonly used contraceptives were: condoms (83.8%, 316) and emergency contraceptives (20.6%, 78), respectively. The mean knowledge and attitude scores on STI were 9.94 (range 2–20) and 12 (range 2–14), respectively. Good knowledge and attitude on STI were reported in 53.2% (683) and 70.1% (899) of participants. Conclusion Students reported average knowledge and a good attitude towards STI. Contraceptive use among university students was low. There is a need to strengthen health education on STIs in schools and universities. All forms of contraceptives especially condoms should be made easily available to sexually active people.
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Amoah, Ebenezer Jones, Thomas Hinneh, and Rita Aklie. "Determinants and prevalence of modern contraceptive use among sexually active female youth in the Berekum East Municipality, Ghana." PLOS ONE 18, no. 6 (2023): e0286585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0286585.
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Introduction Contraceptive use among sexually active women in Ghana remains low despite the efforts by the Ghana Health Service. This development has negative consequences on reproductive health care, particularly among adolescents. This study assessed the prevalence and factors influencing contraceptive use among sexually active young women in the Berekum Municipality, Ghana. Method A community-based cross-sectional analytical study was carried out in Berekum East Municipality among young women between the ages of 15 to 24 years. Using a probabilistic sampling technique, we recruited 277 young women from the four selected communities in the Berekum Municipality based on data available from the Municipal Health Administration. We applied a univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis to test the associations between the dependent and independent variables at a 95% Confidence interval (CI) and 5% significance (p value = 0.005). Results The modern contraceptive prevalence rate among the study participants was 211 (76%). Contraceptives ever used were emergency contraceptive pills 88 (41.7%) condoms 84 (39.8%), injectables 80 (37.9%) and the rest used the Calendar method 16 (7.58%), withdrawal 15 (7.11%), and implants 11 (5.21%). In the adjusted multivariate logistic regression, Age (AOR = 2.93; 95% CI; 1.29–7.50) p = 0.023, marital status (AOR = 0.08; 95%CI; 0.01–0.91) p = 0.041 and religion (AOR = 0.17; 95% CI; 0.05–0.64) p = 0.009 were significantly associated with contraceptive use. Other determinants such as hearing about contraceptives (AOR = 9.44; 95%CI; 1.95–45.77) p = 0.005, partner opposition (AOR = 33.61; 95%CI; 1.15–985.39) p = 0.041, side effects (AOR = 4.86; 95%CI; 1.83–12.91) p = 0.001, lack of knowledge (AOR = 5.41; 95%CI; 1.15–25.42) p = 0.032, and respondents receiving counselling on family planning were significantly associated with contraceptive use (AOR = 4.02; 95% CI;1.29–12.42), p = 0.016. Conclusion Contraceptive use among sexually active women in the Berekum Municipality is higher than the national conceptive prevalence rate. However, factors such as knowledge about the side effects of contraceptive influences contraceptive use among women. Healthcare providers must explore avenues to enhance partner involvement, intensify health education and detailed counselling about contraceptive use to address misconceptions and myths surrounding the side effects of contraceptives.
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Fayaz, Farhana, and Syed Masuma Rizvi. "Knowledge attitude and practice of contraceptives among married women of reproductive age group." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 11, no. 11 (2022): 3119. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20222806.
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Background: This study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of contraceptives among married women of reproductive age group.Methods: It was a cross sectional study which was carried at outpatient department (OPD) of obstetrics and gynaecology, Government medical college Srinagar over a period of 3 months. A total of 210 married women in the age group 15-49 years were included in the study. Along with the demographic profile, their knowledge, attitude and practices on contraception were evaluated with the help of self-structured questionnaire.Results: The mean age of the study population was 32.5±6.8 years. Majority of the women were in the age group of 26-35 years (56.2%), literate with formal education above 10th class (42.4%), house-makers (46.2%) and from rural background (65.2%). 82.9% of women had awareness regarding any method of contraception. Knowledge about emergency contraceptive was quiet low (11.0%). The most common source of information on contraception was friends and relatives (64.8%). 41% of women had a negative attitude towards contraception. The most common method of contraceptive used was barriers (21.9%). 43.8% of women had never used any contraceptive.Conclusions: Despite having good knowledge about contraception, utilization of contraceptives were less.
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Rahman, Md Atiqur, Md Mahfuzar Rahman, and Jasmin Ara Zaman. "Contraceptive Practice Among the Married Women of Reproductive Age in the Garments Factory." KYAMC Journal 3, no. 2 (2013): 282–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/kyamcj.v3i2.15168.
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Background: Bangladesh is a country having high density of population in the world. Its fertility rate ranges from 4.1 to 5.49 and life expectancy is 66years while the total fertility rate of Asia is 2.2 and life expectancy 70 years. This study was conducted to investigate the pattern of contraceptive practices among the married women of reproductive age in the garments factory. Material and Methods: This descriptive cross sectional survey was carried out among 240 married women of reproductive age from January to June,2012 in the garments factory of Dhaka city . Data were collected on a pre-tested questionnaire by face to face interview. SPSS version 16 was used to analyzed the data. A p-value of 0.05 was considered significant for inference. Results: The mean age of the study population was 29±6.5 years with the mean age at marriage of 17.18±2.7 years. 73(31%) were practicing some methods of contraception, while 167 (69%) were not using it. OCP (Oral Contraceptive Pill) was the commonest method of contraception followed by Condoms 12(5%), Injectable 12(5%), Implant 12(5%) & Tubectomy 6(3%). None was found using IUCD and Traditional method ( withdrawal, rhythm method ) and emergency contraceptive method. The use of contraceptives were more common in grand multipara (p<0.01), >35 years old ladies (p<0.05). No statistical association was found between the use of contraceptive method and educational status of the respondents and their husband. Non users of contraceptives in this study were 167 (69%) and the major reasons for the non use were intention to have more children 53(31.46%) followed by pressure from the husband 21(12.35%), prohibition by the religion 18 (10.9%) and desire for son 17 (10.11%). Among the 73 contraceptive users 38 (52%) experienced side effects with the use of contraceptives. The commonest side effects were menstrual irregularities 17(23.8%) followed by change in body weight 8(11.19%). Conclusion: Frequency of contraceptive use was found comparatively low among garments workers despite high level of awareness. Desire for larger family, religious concerns and fear of side effects were the main factors responsible for non users. Religious scholars must play their role in clarifying many aspects regarding contraceptives. KYAMC Journal Vol. 3, No.-2, January 2013, Page 282-289 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/kyamcj.v3i2.15168
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Navarrete, Javiera, Christine A. Hughes, Nese Yuksel, et al. "Community Pharmacists’ Experiences and Attitudes towards the Provision of Sexual and Reproductive Health Services: An International Survey." Healthcare 11, no. 11 (2023): 1530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11111530.
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Access to comprehensive sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services remains a challenge worldwide. Describing community pharmacists’ SRH services in countries with different scopes of practice will aid in understanding how pharmacists view their roles and how to support them in providing needed services. A cross-sectional web-based survey was administered to pharmacists working in community pharmacies in Japan, Thailand, and Canada. The survey covered 7 SRH categories: pregnancy tests, ovulation tests, contraception, emergency contraception, sexually transmitted and blood-borne infections, maternal and perinatal health, and general sexual health. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. A total of 922 eligible responses were included in the analysis (Japan = 534, Thailand = 85, and Canada = 303). Most Thai and Canadian participants reported dispensing hormonal contraceptives (Thailand = 99%, Canada = 98%) and emergency contraceptive pills (Thailand = 98%, Canada = 97%). Most Japanese participants provided patient education on barrier contraceptives for men (56%) and information on the safety of medications in pregnancy (74%) and breastfeeding (76%). The majority of participants expressed interest in additional training and expanding their roles in SRH. Sharing international experiences can guide challenges faced by the evolution of pharmacists’ practice in SRH. Providing pharmacists support could help their readiness for this role.
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Mazuba, Charity C., Kefiloe A. Maboe, and Annalie D. H. Botha. "Sexual Activity, Knowledge of Contraceptives Use among Females Choosing Termination of Pregnancy at a Provincial Clinic in South Africa." Global Journal of Health Science 12, no. 1 (2019): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v12n1p60.
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This study investigated sexual activity, knowledge of contraceptives use among females choosing termination of pregnancy (TOP) at a provincial clinic in South Africa.
 
 This was a quantitative and observational study in the form of a cross-sectional survey. A pre-tested self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from 61 respondents who had terminated their pregnancies. Almost ninety-two (91.8%) percent of the respondents were single women between 18 and 27 years of age. Their level of education showed that 32% had completed high school, 28% were high school learners, 21.1% were tertiary education level learners and 1.8% had tertiary education. The frequency of sexual activity was mostly once a month (40%), followed by once a week (36.5%). Unemployment was high (36%), making the respondents dependent on government grants. Most of the women were aware of contraceptives methods (88.5%). The majority of the respondents (75.4%) have heard about emergency contraceptives (EC), while only 11.5% had never heard of contraceptives in general. The condom was the most popular method (54.1%), followed by the injection (45.9%). However, although 88.5% and 75.4% have heard of emergency contraceptives, their knowledge of contraceptives in general was very low. Contraceptives were used by 78.6% before termination of their pregnancy (TOP) and the most frequently used method was the injection at 36.6%. The respondents were the initiators of TOP. 
 
 The researchers recommended that awareness of contraceptives should be promoted, and programmes aimed at changing the behaviour of sexually active females should be designed in order for them to make use of reproductive health services and family planning. Continuous education on sexual activities and contraceptives needs to be given to women visiting a reproductive health clinic. Policymakers should facilitate access to modern contraceptives and promote their effectiveness in all disadvantaged communities, thus addressing the root cause of the termination of unplanned pregnancies.
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Rahman, Md Atiqur, M. Rahman, M. R. Siddiqui, and J. A. Zaman. "Contraceptive Practice of Married Women: Experience from a Rural Community of Bangladesh." Journal of Medicine 15, no. 1 (2014): 09–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v15i1.19852.
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Background: Bangladesh is a country having high density of population in the world. Its fertility rate ranges from 4.1 to 5.49. This study was conducted to investigate socio-demographic characteristics, type of used contraceptive method, reasons for non use of contraceptive methods and also the side effects due to use of contraceptive method among the married women in some villages of Keranigonj Upazila, Dhaka. Material and Methods: This descriptive cross sectional survey was carried out among 240 married women of reproductive age from July to December, 2012 in some villages of Keranigonj, Upazila, Dhaka. Results: The mean age of the study population was 29±6.5 years with the mean age at marriage of 17.18±2.7 years. 73(31%) were practicing some methods of contraception, while 167 (69%) were not using it. OCP (Oral Contraceptive Pill) was the commonest method of contraception followed by Condoms 12(5%), Injectable 12(5%), Implant 12(5%) & Tubectomy 6(3%). None was found using IUCD and Traditional method ( withdrawal, rhythm method ) and emergency contraceptive method. The use of contraceptives were more common in grand multipara (p<0.01), >35 years old ladies (p<0.05). No statistical association was found between the use of contraceptive method and educational status of the respondents and their husband. Non users of contraceptives in this study were 167 (69%) and the major reasons for the non use were intention to have more children 53(31.46%) followed by pressure from the husband 21(12.35%), prohibition by the religion 18 (10.9%) and desire for son 17 (10.11%). Among the 73 contraceptive users 38 (52%) experienced side effects with the use of contraceptives. The commonest side effects were menstrual irregularities 17(23.8%) followed by change in body weight 8(11.19%). Conclusion: Frequency of contraceptive use was found comparatively low among rural married women despite high level of awareness. Desire for larger family, religious concerns and fear of side effects were the main factors responsible for non users. Religious scholars must play their role in clarifying many aspects regarding contraceptives.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v15i1.19852 J Medicine 2014; 15: 9-13
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Naveen Verma, John Karthik, and Sameer Jain. "An Online KAP Study to Access Contraceptive Use Among Reproductive Females in North-Western India." International Healthcare Research Journal 4, no. 6 (2020): 154–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.26440/ihrj/0406.09289.
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INTRODUCTION: The use of contraceptives has been practiced since thousand of years and if used correctly can lead to birth control. AIM: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of contraceptive of reproductive females aged 18 years and above.MATERIALS AND METHOD: The present study was cross-sectional in nature and included married females above 18 years of age were asked to fill up an online questionnaire, divided into 4 sections and containing 17 questions. After application of descriptive statistics, the multivariate logistic regression and Pearson’s correlation was applied. p value was significant when it was ≤0.05RESULTS: Most respondents has poor knowledge (54.5%) of contraceptives with the most preferred method of contraception being OCP (36.3%) closely followed by condoms (36.1%). Awareness regarding emergency use on contraceptives was mostly seen to be poor (43.9%). The most common method used for contraception was condoms (49.7%%), followed by IUDs (15.6%),Injectables (14.3%) and OCPs(12.7%). Only a few (5.3%) did not practice any method for contraception and 2.4% underwent sterilization. the multivariate logistic regression revealed a significant relation (p=0.03) while and Pearson’s correlation (p=0.76) revealed a strong association. CONCLUSION: There is a need to educate females more about the various methods of contraception to promote their reproductive health