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Arms, Anda R. "Indicators of success: measuring outcomes of evacuating pets in state and local emergency preparedness operational plans in area of economic and public health value." Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/6394.
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Master of Regional and Community PlanningDepartment of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning
Richard L. Hoag
Abstract On October 6, 2006 President Bush signed the Pets Evacuation and Transportation Standards Act (PETS Act, Pub. Law No. 109-308). The Act ensures that state and local emergency preparedness operational plans address the needs of individuals with household pets and service animals following a major disaster or emergency (The Library of Congress, 109:H.R. 3858, 2006). This thesis identifies nineteen indicators to be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the PETS program in the areas of economics and public health. This report gives specific examples of how each indicator can be used to measure, assess, guide, and monitor the outcomes of evacuating pets in state or local emergency preparedness operational plans.
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Tigges, Julie M. "Emergency preparedness an analysis of Iowa high school emergency preparedness plans /." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2008.
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Kelenske, Chris A. "Emergency responder personal preparedness." Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/10628.
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CHDS State/LocalCitizens have an expectation that emergency responders will come to their aid during emergencies. There is the general assumption that these responders and the agencies they work for are prepared for any type of event. With a core element of any disaster response being the capability of the emergency responders, a lack of personal preparedness by emergency response personnel is likely to be highly detrimental and reduces this capability when responders are needed to respond to a catastrophic event. Past incidents and research has indicated that emergency responders may not respond until they ensure their own families safety. Emergency responders do not have the option to assist voluntarily during a disaster-they must respond to ensure citizen safety and security while maintaining order. This research used a nationwide survey of emergency responders to determine why emergency responders are not personally prepared and what factors may influence increasing their personal preparedness level. The result of this research identified three reasons why emergency responders do not personally prepare for disasters and concludes with recommendations that involve five incentives or motivations on how emergency response agencies can increase personal preparedness among their personnel.
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Alvarez, Maria Doris. "Emergency preparedness and response systems." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/06Sep%5FAlvarez.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Information Technology Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2006.Thesis Advisor(s): Alex Bordertsky. "September 2006." Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print.
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Groves, Season. "Knowledge, Involvement and Emergency Preparedness." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4683.
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This research formed a descriptive frame of the current levels of emergency preparedness and applied Hallahan's Issues Processes Model to examine the relationship between knowledge, involvement, and emergency preparedness among the participants. The variables were measured in the context of self-perception. The research method involved a survey of students who are just becoming responsible for their personal emergency preparedness. The results suggest that students lack overall emergency preparedness measures and show that self-perceived knowledge is positively related to self-perceived emergency preparedness. Yet, higher self-perceived knowledge is negatively related to actual emergency preparedness actions. Thus, the more knowledgeable the participants believed themselves to be the less likely they were to have an active household emergency plan. The results did not support involvement as a predictor of personal emergency preparedness. The findings highlight a serious deficiency among the population sample. Knowledge of personal emergency preparedness and related motivators can improve overall preparedness on local, state, and federal levels. Little is known about the relationship between knowledge and personal emergency preparedness. This paper presents findings that may assist public relations professionals in creating messages that account for the lack of preparedness and the contrary relationship between perceived knowledge and actual personal emergency preparedness.
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Bloom, Paula S. "Citizen preparedness campaign information campaigns increasing citizen preparedness to support creating a 'Cuture of Preparedness' /." Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion.exe/07Mar%5FBloom.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2007.Thesis Advisor(s): David Tucker. "March 2007." Includes bibliographical references (p. 115-125). Also available in print.
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Choi, Junghwa, and Wesley Wehde. "Trust in Emergency Management Authorities and Individual Emergency Preparedness for Tornadoes." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1002/rhc3.12185.
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The risks associated with disasters can be significantly reduced if individuals are well prepared according to the orders and recommendations of emergency management authorities such as the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and local government. Despite this fact, there is evidence that individuals are not cooperative with these authorities and are therefore underprepared for an emergency. This article argues that individual trust in emergency management authorities may affect their cooperation with emergency preparedness recommendations. Using unique survey data, this study finds a nuanced relationship between individual emergency preparedness for tornadoes and trust in emergency management authorities. Although trust in FEMA in isolation does not explain variations in individual preparedness for tornadoes, increased preparation for a tornado is explained by trust in local government contingent upon a low baseline level of trust in FEMA. This article concludes with some practical and theoretical implications for emergency management authorities and scholars.
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Basharat, Salma. "Proactive Emergency Preparedness in the Barents Sea." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for produksjons- og kvalitetsteknikk, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-18401.
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Today rise in oil and gas demand, energy crisis, issues concerning energy security and increase in oil prices in the world provoke further exploration and production of oil and gas. The Arctic Sea is the last frontier of abundant hydrocarbon reserves. Having effective regulations, innovative technologies and adequate safety norms, the world has still seen some major accidents such as Gulf of Mexico accident. Knowing that offshore petroleum industry is moving further north in Arctic poses additional challenges due to harsh climatic conditions and remoteness from existing oil and gas infrastructure. The objective of this thesis is to provide an overview of offshore petroleum activity in arctic and sub-arctic areas as well as the accidents which took place in these areas. Furthermore, the accidents are analyzed with respect to the emergency preparedness handling of accidents using the NORSOK Z-013 standard as one basis. The thesis also discusses the anticipated emergency preparedness challenges for arctic and sub-arctic areas. The Arctic Sea is the final destination in the north having enormous amount of hydrocarbons. The harsh weather conditions of the Arctic Sea characterized by polar lows, long nights, extreme fog and sub-zero temperatures have not prevented the countries bordering the Arctic Sea in exploiting the oil and gas resources. Russia, having extended pipeline infrastructure, has the most active part in the Arctic region followed by the US and Norway. The offshore exploration and production activities in the Canadian and Greenland Arctic Sea are gradually progressing. Up to date, there have been very few accidents in the Arctic Sea thereby providing a limited knowledge base for emergency response in the Arctic Sea. The accidents which we have been able to account for are mainly related to blowout, pipeline leak, ship collision and capsize accidents. The accidents have occurred in the Russian Arctic Sea and the Alaskan Arctic Sea.The NORSOK Z-013 standard refers to alert, danger limitation, rescue, evacuation, and normalization as the five emergency preparedness phases and their detailed description is available in the Activities Regulation by the Petroleum Safety Authority in Norway (PSAN). It is stated in the NORSOK Z-013 standard that a set of Defined Situation of Hazard and Accident (DSHA) needs to be defined as part of the risk and emergency preparedness analysis. The set of DSHAs provided in the “Trends in risk level” project is used in this thesis for the classification and analysis of the accidents in the Arctic Sea.The analysis of the accidents in the Arctic Sea shows that all the emergency operations went through the phases of alert and normalization while the oil spill related accidents did not pass through escape and evacuate operations as there were no personnel involved in these accidents. All the emergency operations were affected by bad and tough weather conditions. Advanced emergency preparedness tools, equipment and technology are needed for effective emergency operations under such conditions. Due to scarcity of accidents in the Arctic Sea, only four DSHAs (out of 12) have been experienced, or at least reported. It may be that some of the remaining DSHAs are not reported due to minor consequences. In addition to the lessons learned from the emergency response operations for the accidents experienced in the Arctic Sea, there are also some emergency preparedness challenges which can be anticipated. The challenging weather conditions due to sudden polar lows, strong winds, spray icing, snowstorms and severe fog can hamper the emergency operations. Furthermore, long distances and lack of infrastructure can create communication and logistic problems and can result in delay of rescue and evacuation operations. Robust and reliable ice and weather data is a challenge due to global warming and may become a limiting factor for the adequate design of offshore equipment. The use and maintenance of emergency response equipment is also a challenge in sometimes dark, snowy and foggy areas of the Arctic Sea and the Barents Sea.
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Abrams, Amanda Mischell. "Emergency/Disaster Preparedness of Rural Healthcare Providers." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/28076.
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Healthcare systems have a legal and moral duty to provide competent care to all consumers whom seek treatment even when natural disasters, terrorism events, pandemics, widespread chemical/radiologic exposure and other emergency/disaster events stress the system beyond its capabilities. Education, training and exercises are emergency/disaster preparedness activities that are essential to providing quality care to victims. Healthcare providers, including physicians, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants, are a vital resource for an emergency/disaster response; a consensus of research indicates an overall inadequate level of preparedness among healthcare providers. A majority of emergency/disaster planning efforts have been primarily aimed at urban communities with few published disaster planning efforts addressing the needs of rural communities and the unique challenges they face in emergency/disaster preparedness. The purpose of this practice improvement project was to identify the current status of education/training of rural healthcare providers and identify gaps in training/education to better prepare them to care for victims of emergencies/disasters. A needs assessment was administered to the healthcare providers at a rural healthcare facility in southwest North Dakota and analyzed for trends. Based on the analysis of the survey, the healthcare providers felt moderately prepared to care for victims, yet a universal desire to gain access to increased emergency/disaster education and training was reported. A comprehensive educational plan was developed, and corresponding educational resources were identified. The educational plan addressed 12 domains: personal preparedness, hazard recognition/response, terminology/emergency operations frameworks, communication, health/safety, patient logistics management, special needs populations, mental health considerations, legal/ethical principles, and hazard-specific medical management/triage. The needs assessment findings and education plan were provided to key stakeholders within the sponsoring organization to increase healthcare provider emergency/disaster preparedness awareness. Project methods can serve as a framework for ongoing development of assessment of rural healthcare providers? competency in providing care to victims and rural emergency/disaster educational plans.
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Camposano, Nicholas. "Community preparedness creating for change /." Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2010/Mar/10Mar%5FCamposano.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2010.Thesis Advisor(s): Bergin, Richard. Second Reader: Wollman, Lauren. "March 2010." Description based on title screen as viewed on April 28, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Citizen corps; personal behavior change model for disaster preparedness; behavior change model, extended parallel process model, transtheoretical model, precaution adoption model, community readiness model, fear appeals, community, preparedness, Manchester Fire Department. Includes bibliographical references (p. 129-140). Also available in print.
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Liu, Ke. "HLARTI based emergency preparedness and response training simulation." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27881.
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Many wake-up calls have been received for emergency response, due to natural disasters such as hurricanes, fires or man-made incidents, for example: oil and chemical spills, city bombings, and the terrorist attacks of 9-11. The emergency responders need to work in a coordinated, well-planned manner to best mitigate the impact of an emergency incident. Simulation systems as valuable tools provide a wider range of training at a much lower expense for emergency preparedness and response, and can be used for vulnerability assessment, organizing, educating and decision support. This is identified as the only feasible approach when it is difficult to emulate real-life experiences.
This thesis presents an emergency evacuation training simulation, taking the demonstrative example of the SITE building of the University of Ottawa. The objective of the research is to design a multi-user distributed simulator to conduct the safety training in the scenarios of emergent evacuation. The real-time interaction and collaboration, in the simulation, among the users are achieved over HLA/RTI, the IEEE standard for distributed simulation and modeling.
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Korosi, Gabriella. "Emergency Preparedness Experiences by Emergency Managers in Rural Hospitals of the Pacific Northwest." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7023.
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This qualitative research focused on the emergency preparedness (EP) rule implementation in rural hospitals in the Pacific Northwest. A new law has been implemented that requires hospitals to comply with Medicaid and Medicare law. Learning about the implementation and preparedness process could help rural regions in the Pacific Northwest better prepare for emergencies and comply with the law. The purpose of the study was to gain increased understanding of how the new EP rule of 2016 impacts rural hospitals' preparedness in the Pacific Northwest. The theoretical framework was complexity theory. This study focused on the lived experience of emergency managers who have been working on the implementation of the new EP rule in rural hospitals in the Pacific Northwest. Using a phenomenological approach, 8 in-depth phone and face - to - face interviews were conducted. Selection criteria included working as emergency preparedness managers in rural hospitals in the Pacific Northwest. The verbatim transcripts of interviews were analyzed by first cycle analysis, used concept and descriptive coding to find common themes. The findings of the study included that small rural hospitals working on EP need more support and help that include financial needs, resources, staff preparedness improved communication and more exercises local communities including every individual living in the community are also responsible for their own preparedness. This inquiry could help understand the effects of the new EP rule for rural hospitals; it could identify gaps in research that could support rural hospitals and surrounding communities; it could affect positive social change by applying the research evidence to additional health care settings.
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Campasano, Nicholas. "Community preparedness : creating a model for change." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. https://www.hsdl.org/?view&doc=120265&coll=documents.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School.Thesis Advisor(s): Bergin, Richard. Second Reader: Wollman, Lauren. "March 2010." Author(s) subject terms: Citizen corps; personal behavior change model for disaster preparedness; behavior change model, extended parallel process model, transtheoretical model, precaution adoption model, community readiness model, fear appeals, community, preparedness, Manchester Fire Department. Includes bibliographical references (p. 129-140).
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Mathes, Amy L. "Promising Practices: A case study on public health emergency preparedness at a university." OpenSIUC, 2013. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/730.
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AN ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION OF Amy L. Mathes, for Doctor of Philosophy degree in HEALTH EDUCATION, presented on May 8, 2013, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. TITLE: PROMISING PRACTICES: A CASE STUDY ON PUBLIC HEALTH EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS MAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. Kathleen Welshimer There is little published literature on operational coordination during a real time disaster regardless of the setting. This study describes a university's emergency management plan and its execution in response to a specific natural disaster, the May 8, 2009 "inland hurricane," which was later classified as a "Super Derecho." The case study design allowed for an in-depth exploration into the intricacy and complexity of an emergency response by interviewing individuals present in the CEOC and others from State Police, local EMA agencies, local health departments, and IEMA, document analysis of the Campus All-Hazards Emergency Preparedness and Violence Prevention Plan (CAHEPVPP), Situation Reports, Illinois Emergency Management Agency (IEMA), Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), and National Incident Management Agency (NIMS) documents. This study will assist public health emergency preparedness officials in higher education to educate students and development of proactive development of planning and response during a real disaster. This study will also provide contributions to universities regarding mitigation, planning, response, and recovery activities. It shows the value of proactive, forward-thinking leadership from day-to-day preparedness activities to response and recovery efforts.
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Elliott, Ross W. "Measuring disaster preparedness of local emergency medical services agencies." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/5112.
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CHDS State/LocalApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited
Emergency Medical Services (EMS) plays a key role in disaster response. Yet, determining how much preparedness is enough to achieve an acceptable level of preparedness is challenging. After conducting an extensive literature review, it is evident no nationally accepted method exists to evaluate an EMS system's level of disaster preparedness systematically. Research was conducted to define the skills and equipment that local emergency medical services agencies (LEMSA) or a similar entity needs to perform strategic disaster response duties and identify performance indicators for measuring preparedness. Using an appreciative inquiry approach, surveys and interviews of EMS personnel from across the nation were conducted. Interview questions focused on the positive aspects of each response with an effort to understand what might be possible in future events. Research subjects had first-hand experience in managing the EMS response during a disaster. Multiple types and sizes of events were studied. A framework for defining minimum standards for adequate disaster preparedness for LEMSAs is constructed, including core EMS disaster response roles; essential competencies; skills needed to perform the core roles; and tools or equipment used for core roles. Training strategies for developing experience, competencies, and skills are identified, and metrics listed for measuring the level of preparedness.
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Watt, Frank. "The utility of perceived community efficacy in emergency preparedness." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2016. http://bbktheses.da.ulcc.ac.uk/185/.
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The present study adopts a mixed methods approach, integrating data from qualitative and quantitative studies, to examine the utility of perceived community efficacy in measuring a community’s collective beliefs towards undertaking preparedness measures. Previous research indicated that social cognitive theory and the construct of collective efficacy were important in understanding behaviours that contributed to the achievement of goals. Although research studies had employed the construct of perceived community efficacy to investigate problems, none had focused on community beliefs and actions regarding emergency preparedness. The qualitative study used 20 semi-structured interviews to elicit detailed information on beliefs about collective community activities. Both inductive and deductive approaches were used to develop an a priori model. Three individual constructs taken from community based research domains; community network structure, social capital and community capacity were integrated to form a composite model that was used to investigate how social and community aspects influence beliefs and behaviours of residents. The model was used as a guide for the thematic analysis of the transcripts and the construction of an item pool consisting of 40 items to be used in a quantitative study. The quantitative study involved over 500 respondents who resided within flood risk zones. The data from this study were used in the instrumentation of the model. Exploratory factor analysis was used to explore factorability and hierarchical regression would be used to explore relationships between variables. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to determine goodness of fit. The major finding of the qualitative study was the participants’ collective belief that their respective communities would engage in preparedness activities. The quantitative study supported the main findings of the qualitative study. The contribution of this model to community based theory has been to generate new knowledge on how the constructs of community network structure, social capital and community capacity act collectively to influence a residents’ beliefs and actions. A measurement scale was developed to elicit new knowledge regarding perceived community efficacy as a predictor of the likelihood of a community in undertaking preparedness measures in an emergency. Being able to predict likely future performance or behaviours is key to understanding whether or not a community might protect themselves in the future against an imminent natural hazard or disaster. The research has established the application of social cognitive theory in disaster and emergency research and extends the current body of knowledge on community preparedness research. The results, implications for the profession and future research are discussed.
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Alteneiji, H. R. "A strategic approach to emergency preparedness in the UAE." Thesis, University of Salford, 2015. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/36146/.
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Disasters experienced in recent years have had significant impact on people, property and the environment,and this widespread impact has informed the review of policies, mearsures and approches in managing them. Despite response arrangements such as multi-agency response, military efforts and variuos other international efforts, disasters still continue to have a negative impact on communities across the world. While response approaches and arrangements are not incorrect, they are at times not grounded in the minimal response strategies from preparedness phase. This gap emphasises the ralated concepts of practices in emregency management, its phases, and the role of strategic preparedness in ensuring that the impacts of emergencies are better managed. However, review of existing practices and literature shows that there are various explanations and operations for the preparedness phase which do not actually result in effective response to and mitigation of emergency/disasater impact. The preparedness phases as operational in the United States of America (USA), the United Kingdom (UK) and Australia were all examined to identify best practice and effective preparedness cycles and systems. This approach to the research proved useful in identifying the main gaps and problems in the preparedness phase in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), which is the research case study. Therefore, this resaerch aims to investigate the state of emergency preparedness in the UAE, identify limitations and provide recommendations for the UAE government to adopt strategic approach for improving emergency preparedness in the UAE. Following examination of the National Response Framework (NRF), a series of interviews was carried out in the UAE which confirmed that no preparedness system, framework or cycle existed. Qualitative methods of data collection and documentation were adopted to examine the current preparedness practice in the UAE, its application and effectiveness. Content analysis was used to analyse these data which helped to identify barriers to the current deployment of the preparedness phase in the UAE. The findings of this research show that the eight elements for emergency preparedness are missing in the UAE emergency management system. This finding affirms the need for a startegic approach which combines all eight elements of emergency preparedness in the UAE. Therefore, both barriers to deployment of the preparedness phase and the lack of elements of preparedness provided the basis for the recommendation made in order to strategically improve the emergency preparedness phase in the UAE.
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Wilson, Laura L. "Before the emergency : a framework for evaluating emergency preparedness alternatives at higher education Institutions." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/5179.
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CHDS State/LocalApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited
This research gathered information about the ways in which 10 higher education institutions (HEIs) in the U.S. are currently making decisions about which emergency preparedness activities to pursue and how those most familiar with emergency management at HEIs think that these decisions should be made. Using this information, in concert with principles from the field of decision analysis, a conceptual framework was developed to enable decision makers to evaluate proposed preparedness alternatives using a normative approach to decision making. A simplified version of the framework was then presented to demonstrate how a proposed preparedness activity could be evaluated using the model and how several proposed alternatives could be compared to one another. In addition to presenting an analytical framework for evaluating preparedness options, recommendations were offered for optimizing preparedness and preparedness decision making at HEIs. These recommendations centered on the organizational structure of an emergency management program, including roles and responsibilities; strategic planning efforts specific to emergency management; and innovative practices currently being utilized by the HEIs involved in this study.
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Huddleston, Kathi C. "Diffusion of innovation a descriptive analysis of pediatric preparedness in emergency departments /." Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/3080.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--George Mason University, 2008.Vita: p. 144. Thesis director: P. J. Maddox. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Nursing. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed July 3, 2008). Includes bibliographical references (p. 129-143). Also issued in print.
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Doré, Michel C. "Factors Affecting Household Disaster Preparedness: A Study of the Canadian Context." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2678/.
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This study addresses the issue of household disaster preparedness. This work contributes two elements to disaster research. The first contribution improve the knowledge of the factors that affect household disaster preparedness. The review of literature yielded three categories of variables that can jointly explain household disaster preparedness: household structure, demographics, and risk-perception factors. In this study 19 variables compose these factors. A second contribution constitutes a theoretical exploration of the concept of disaster preparedness. In this work, four different constructs of disaster preparedness were tested. These constructs include material preparedness, preparedness activities, a combined index, and a weighted and combined index. The study presents the logic and methodology of the index construction and validation. The data used in this study came from households in the Montreal Urban Community (MUC) in Canada. A random sample of 1,003 English- and French-speaking heads of households adequately represents the 1.8 million persons within the MUC. An independent survey firm conducted the interviews in 1996. Results show that the weighted combined household disaster preparedness index constitutes the best construct to represent the concepts under study. Study results also reveal that risk-perception variables (attitudinal factors) offered the strongest explanatory power. Household structure and demographic variables collectively explained less than 8% of the dependent variable. The model used in this study yielded a coefficient of determination of .320, explaining 32% of the variance in the household disaster preparedness level. Concluding this study, the discussion offers implications for both disaster managers and researchers. Researchers should add to their analysis the household perspective as a complement to the organizational one. Also, it is clear that many other conceptual issues must be explored in understanding and measuring disaster preparedness. Disaster managers should base their efforts on sound research rather than on misconceptions about social behavior. Such implications can contribute to bridging the gap and also putting into practice the knowledge drawn from this growing and collective effort of studying disasters.
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Charrier, Ronald J. "Mass care (ESF-6) preparedness for catastrophic disasters." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Sep/09Sep_Charrier.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2009.Thesis Advisor(s): Gordon, Ellen M. "September 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on November 5, 2009. Author(s) subject terms: mass care, ESF-6, American Red Cross (ARC), Salvation Army (TSA), Southern Baptist Convention, Convoy of Hope, sheltering, disaster shelter, mass feeding, bulk distribution, catastrophic disaster response, New Madrid earthquake, long-term recovery process, National Shelter System (NSS), multi-agency coordination, voluntary agency, post-congregate sheltering policies, Missouri State Emergency Management Agency. Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-91). Also available in print.
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Rupp, Laura Kay. "Disaster Preparedness of Rural Healthcare Providers." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/27460.
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The purpose of this project was to identify the current status of education/training of rural health care providers and identify gaps in training/education to better prepare rural providers to care for victims of disasters. A survey was conducted and distributed to 21 physicians, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants employed at rural clinic/critical access hospital. The survey consisted of quantitative and fill in the blank questions. The survey was distributed through the electronic survey engine ?Qualtrics.? Participation in the survey was voluntary and responses were anonymous. The survey addressed/identified: basic demographic information, knowledge of disaster/emergency preparedness and care of victims as a first receiver, experience and education related to disasters/emergencies, perceptions of emergencies/disaster types most likely to impact their facility, future education/training preferences, and barriers to participation in disaster/emergency education/training. The survey also assessed the providers? comfort level with suggested disaster/emergency core competencies put forth from professional emergency/trauma organizations. The response rate to the survey was 57.14%. Of those that responded 41.67% reported experience in caring for victims of disaster. Participation in previous disaster education/training was reported by 83.3% and these same respondents were familiar with their role according to the facility?s Emergency Operations Manual (EOM). The providers perceived that natural disasters were most likely to affect their community (83.33%) in relation to events from the facility?s Hazard Vulnerability Analysis (HVA). Respondents that reported having not participated in disaster education/training indicated a lack of time and new employment as barriers. For future training 66.66% of those that responded would prefer hands on training and were willing to spend one hour per year on disaster training/education. In regard to their ability to care for disaster/emergency victims, participating providers considered themselves novice (25%), advanced beginner (25%), competent (16.67%), proficient (25%) and expert (8.33%). Overall, results indicate that most respondents had experience and are currently participating in education/training. However, the majority still consider themselves novice or advanced beginner in their ability to care for disaster/emergency victims. Most felt that there was little likelihood for most disaster events to occur in their community other than natural disasters.
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O'Brien, John E. "Essential elements for preparedness planning." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2006. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/06Mar%5FOBrien.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2006.Thesis Advisor(s): Robert L. Simeral. "March 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 55-57). Also available online.
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Burns, Katherine M. "Emergency Preparedness Self-Efficacy and the Ongoing Threat of Disasters." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3635102.
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The three studies that follow were designed to advance the field's knowledge of positive coping patterns in response to insidious, ongoing natural and human-generated disaster threat. They will address the following three aims: 1) to create a psychometrically sound measure of self-efficacy as it applies to human-generated and natural disaster events; 2) to test a theory-driven moderation model of emergency preparedness self-efficacy and its role in the relationship between perceived risk and psychological outcomes; and, 3) to examine how the role of emergency preparedness self-efficacy might vary in ethnically diverse populations. Although numerous assessments of disaster mental health functioning exist, the field has lacked continuity of measurement across disasters; a parsimonious, all-hazard measure is needed in order to identify important psychological risk and resilience factors across disasters. In Paper 1, the psychometric properties of the Emergency Preparedness Self-Efficacy (EPSE) scale are evaluated; this scale assesses an individual's perceived self-efficacy with respect to preparation for, and response to emergencies arising in natural and human-generated disasters. Results from undergraduate and community samples suggest reliability and validity of this emergency preparedness self-efficacy measure. Paper 2 examines the moderating roles of both general self-efficacy and domain-specific (emergency preparedness) self-efficacy on the relationship between the ongoing perceived risk of human-made disaster (terrorism) and mental health outcomes. As hypothesized, emergency preparedness self-efficacy (but not general self-efficacy) moderated the relationship between perception of risk and anxiety and perception of risk and general distress. Greater emergency preparedness self-efficacy reduced the impact of risk perception on both mental health outcomes, highlighting the protective function of the contextually specific belief in one's capacity to overcome hardship and exercise control. Paper 3 examines how the moderating effect of emergency preparedness self-efficacy might differ for the ethnic minority subgroup as compared to the Caucasian subgroup. Results revealed that the relationship between perceived risk and anxiety was stronger for individuals with lower levels of emergency preparedness self-efficacy, compared to those with higher levels of emergency preparedness self-efficacy, in the Caucasian subsample. However, the relationship between perceived risk and anxiety did not differ according to level of emergency preparedness self-efficacy in the ethnic minority subgroup. Although preliminary, findings reveal a differing role of self-efficacy in response to ongoing terrorism threat for Caucasian versus ethnic minority individuals. Limitations of these studies are noted and recommendations for future research are provided. However, in combination, these studies provide evidence to support the psychometric properties of a scale for self-efficacy for disasters, which is noticeably absent from the field; highlight intervention opportunities at the individual level; and, demonstrate the need to tailor interventions to differing protective mechanisms across cultural populations.
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Cooks, Tiffany. "Factors Affecting Emergency Manager, First Responder, and Citizen Disaster Preparedness." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1530.
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Despite the increased frequency of natural and man-made disasters, there is a problem in the level of preparedness of emergency managers, responders, and citizens to address them. The purpose of this grounded theory study was to explore the factors that affect these groups' preparedness to inform the development of better emergency plans to handle emergency incidences. The conceptual framework for the study was knowledge management, which was used with a grounded theory approach. The study was guided by primary research questions that focused on understanding psychological, material, temporal, organizational, and other factors that affect the preparedness of emergency managers, first responders, and citizens, and on identifying measures for improving those levels of preparedness. Interview data were collected from a purposeful sample of emergency managers (n = 11), first responders (n = 26), and citizens (n = 26) from South Carolina who had experienced disasters. Secondary data from 6 disasters, 3 emergency operations plans, and 2 standard operating procedure guides were also collected. The constant comparative method was used to analyze data, informing the development of a theory that suggests emergency managers, first responders, and citizens must act collaboratively to prepare for and respond more effectively to disasters, in addition to their independent work. This study promotes positive social change by providing emergency management agencies with information necessary for developing better emergency preparedness plans, thus reducing the personal and economic impact of future disasters.
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Scherr, Tanya Marie. "Perceived Effects of the Affordable Care Act on Emergency Preparedness." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3070.
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National healthcare as executed through the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) was introduced in 2010, but was discussed for several decades prior to its enactment. Section 5210 of the ACA established funding for a Regular and Ready Reserve Corps (RRRC) to provide support to local healthcare entities with emergency preparedness. It is unknown what impact Section 5210 of the ACA has had on local emergency preparedness, as well as what obstacles are encountered with implementing this piece of legislation at the local level. The purpose of this case study was to understand the obstacles encountered at a local level by healthcare entities by combining rational choice theory and complex adaptive systems through Ostrom's institutional analysis and development theory. Data for this case study were obtained through interviews with 6 hospital emergency coordinators of hospitals in the Tennessee Highland Rim Region. These data were coded and analyzed following Moustakas' modified Van Kaam procedure. Findings from this study concluded that participants perceived that Section 5210 of the ACA did not impact hospital operations at the local level. However, other obstacles including employee turnover, communication, and process standardization and education are perceived to exist in terms of planning and emergency preparedness. The results of this study may impact social change by enhancing state and local policy makers' ability to identify and create a future roadmap for health care policy implementation at local and regional levels.
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Porth, Leslie. "A Comparison of Regional Health Care Structures for Emergency Preparedness." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/330.
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Since 2001, increased policy attention and federal funding mechanisms have required more effective disaster response by government actors and private sector organizations, including the health care system. However, there is limited scholarly evidence documenting which structural elements have been associated with efficacious regional coalitions. This study addressed the gap by examining whether the number of different participating disciplines (a proxy for coalition roles), community setting, and prior weather-related disaster declaration influenced the number of activities (a proxy for coalition responsibilities) conducted by the health care coalition. Social network theory was the theoretical lens with which the study results were used to examine the relational structures within coalitions. The quantitative study was based on archival data from a survey in 2011 of 375 acute care hospitals in the United States. A general linear model analysis was conducted, and results suggest a statistically significant relationship between the number of disciplines and the number of conducted activities. As the number of different disciplines increases in a coalition, so do the different types of conducted activities. Based on the analysis, community setting--urban versus nonurban--and the occurrence of a federally declared, weather-related disaster did not influence the number of coalition activities. This study provides evidence that establishing network structures for health care coalitions will advance the field of health care emergency preparedness and disaster response. The findings from this research may promote social change by guiding future policy development and research necessary to develop resilient and efficacious disaster response systems, resulting in reduced loss of life and injury.
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Basham, Sherah L. "Emergency Preparedness and Community Policing Within Campus Law Enforcement Agencies." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6775.
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Campus law enforcement agencies are an essential component of the campus community, and the greater criminal justice system. While policing research has focused on the activities and organizational structure of municipal police, much less attention has been given to campus agencies. This study builds on existing research by examining the activities and organizational structures of campus law enforcement agencies. The purpose of this quantitative nonexperimental study was to analyze the variation in emergency preparedness across campus law enforcement agencies using Meyer and Rowan's institutional theory. The research questions addressed the extent to which emergency preparedness was influenced by organizational structural, agency characteristics, wider campus characteristics, and community policing. Secondary data were collected from the 2011-2012 Bureau of Justice Statistics Survey of Campus Law Enforcement Agencies, the Office of Postsecondary Education, and the National Center for Education Statistics. Findings from multiple regression analyses indicated that agency organizational structure and agency characteristics are greater influences than campus characteristics on emergency preparedness activities than campus. Findings also showed that the number of community policing activities in which an agency engages in is the greatest predictor of emergency preparedness activities in campus law enforcement agencies. The findings have implications for social change by suggesting the integration of emergency preparedness with community policing initiatives. Collectively, this will create a holistic approach by campus law enforcement agencies.
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Warlick, James S. "The Preparedness for Emergency Conditions of Public Schools in Texas." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277810/.
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A survey of Texas public schools was conducted to determine the state of their emergency preparedness programs with particular interest in hazard analysis, disaster experience, chain of command of responsibility, personnel training, and inter-agency cooperation. A model emergency management plan was proposed. A stratified random sample of all Texas public school districts was drawn from the twenty education service center regions and university interscholastic league district size classifications. Of the 275 districts sampled, 214 questionnaires were completed for a 78% return. The strong return justified a generalization to the entire population.
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Chen, Chien-Hung. "Optimization and decision strategies for medical preparedness and emergency response." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/52939.
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The public health emergencies, such as bioterrorist attacks or pandemic outbreaks, have gained serious public and government attentions since the 2001 anthrax attacks and the SARS outbreak in 2003. These events require large-scale and timely dispensing of critical medical countermeasures for protection of the general population.
This thesis research focuses on developing mathematical models, real-time algorithms, and computerized decision support systems that enable (1) systematic coordination to tackle multifaceted nature of mass dispensing, (2) fast disease propagation module to allow immediate mitigation response to on-site uncertainties, and (3) user-friendly platform to facilitate modeling-solution integration and cross-domain collaboration. The work translates operations research methodologies into practical decision support tools for public health emergency professionals.
Under the framework of modeling and optimizing the public health infrastructure for biological and pandemic emergency responses, the task first determines adequate number of point-of-dispensing sites (POD), by placing them strategically for best possible population coverage. Individual POD layout design and associated staffing can thus be optimized to maximize throughput and/or minimize resource requirement for an input throughput. Mass dispensing creates a large influx of individuals to dispensing facilities, thus raising the risk of high degree of intra-facility infections. Our work characterizes the interaction between POD operations and disease propagation.
Specifically, fast genetic algorithm-based heuristics were developed for solving the integer-programming-based facility location instances. The approach has been applied to the metro-Atlanta area with a population of 5.2 million people spreading over 11 districts. Among the 2,904 instances, the state-of-the-art specialized integer programming solver solved all except one instance to optimality within 300,000 CPU seconds and solved all except 5 to optimality within 40,000 CPU seconds. Our fast heuristic algorithm returns good feasible solutions that are within 8 percent to optimality in 15 minutes. This algorithm was embedded within an interactive web-based decision support system, RealOpt-Regional©. The system allows public health users to contour the region of interest and determine the network of PODs for their affected population. Along with the fast optimization engine, the system features geographical, demographical, and spatial visualization that facilitate real-time usage. The client-server architecture facilities front-end user interactive design on Google Maps© while the facility location mathematical instances are generated and solved in the back-end server.
In the analysis of disease propagation and mitigation strategies, we first extended the 6-stage ordinary differential equation-based (ODE) compartmental model to accommodate POD operations. This allows us to characterize the intra-facility infections of highly contagious diseases during local outbreak when large dispensing is in process. The disease propagation module was then implemented into the CDC-RealOpt-POD© discrete-event-simulation-optimization. CDC-RealOpt-POD is a widely used emergency response decision support system that includes simulation-optimization for determining optimal staffing and operations. We employed the CDC-RealOpt-POD environment to analyze the interactions between POD operations and disease parameters and identified effective mitigation strategies. The disease propagation module allows us to analyze the efficient frontier between operational efficiencies and intra-POD infections. Emergency response POD planners and epidemiologists can collaborate under the familiar CDC-RealOpt-POD environment, e.g., design the most efficient plan by designing and analyzing both POD operations and disease compartmental model in a unified platform. Corresponding problem instances are formed automatically by combining and transforming graphical inputs and numerical parameters from users.
To facilitate the operations of receiving, staging and storage (RSS) of medical countermeasures, we expanded the CDC-RealOpt-POD layout design functions by integrating it with the process flow. The resulting RSS system allows modeling of both system processes along with spatial constraints for optimal operations and process design. In addition, agent-based simulation was incorporated inside where integrated process flow and layout design allow analysis of crowd movement and congestion. We developed the hybrid agent behavior where individual agents make decision through system-defined process flow and autonomous discretion. The system was applied successfully to determine guest movement strategies for the new Georgia Aquarium Dolphin Tales exhibit. The goal was to enhance guest experience while mitigating overall congestion.
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Holgersson, Annelie. "Preparedness for mass-casualty attacks on public transportation." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Kirurgi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-117263.
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Background: Public transportation constitutes a vulnerable sector in modern day society with a high probability of generating mass casualties if attacked. By preparing for mass-casualty attacks (MCAs), response can become more effective and public transportation can become a less rewarding target. However, preparedness for attacks, much like response, implies resource constraints, and this dissertation pinpoints some major dilemmas that inhibit achieving preparedness for MCAs on public transportation in Sweden. Aim: The aim of this dissertation was to investigate preparedness for mass-casualty attacks on public transportation. This allowed for identification of major challenges for preparedness and response with a particular focus on the Swedish context. Methods: Study I included 477 MCAs identified through searches of the Global Terrorism Database, journals, newspapers and websites, which were examined with descriptive statistics. Study II thematically analyzed 105 articles attained by systematic searches of the PubMed and Scopus databases. Study III and IV statistically analyzed data from 864 responses to a purposive-designed questionnaire, from operational personnel of the Swedish emergency organizations. Study V entailed validation of a finite element (FE) simulation model of a bombing in a train carriage compared to the bombings in Madrid 2004. Results: International trends of MCAs (≥ 10 fatally injured and/or ≥ 100 non-fatally injured) on public transportation, during the years 1970-2009 (I) showed that the average number of injured increased considerably, despite a quite stable incidence rate since the 1980s. High numbers of injured people were connected to attacks on terminal buildings, multiple targets and complex tactical approaches. Few MCAs occurred in Europe, but the average number of fatalities per incident and injured per incident were the second highest among regions. The literature study (II) of previous on-scene management showed that commonly encountered challenges during unintentional incidents were added to during MCAs, implying specific issues for safety, assessment, triage and treatment, which require collaborative planning and specific training. The study regarding the Swedish emergency organizations’ perceptions of terrorist attacks (III) showed significant differences on perceptions of event likelihood, willingness to respond, estimated management capability and level of confidence in knowledge of tasks to be performed on scene. The police respondents stood out; e.g., fewer police personnel had high estimates of their organizations’ management capability and knowledge of tasks on-scene compared to the other organizations. The study of factors that influence responders’ perceptions of preparedness for terrorism (IV) showed that these were influenced by the responders’ sex, work experience, organizational affiliation, various training arrangements and access to personal protective equipment (PPE). Investing in amenable factors, such as terrorism-related management training and provision of PPE, could improve responders’ perceptions of preparedness for terrorism. A finite-element (FE) model of an explosion in a train carriage (V) was developed and showed that FE modeling techniques could effectively model damage and injuries for explosions with applicability for preparedness and injury mitigation efforts, but, also, there was room for improvement of the model in terms of injuries. Conclusion: Achieving preparedness for MCAs on public transportation is a multiple choice balancing act between ostensible dilemmas regarding investments, disaster plans, training, response strategies, collaboration and inventions.Bakgrund: Kollektivtrafik utgör en sårbar sektor i dagens samhälle, med hög sannolikhet att generera en situation med många drabbade vid attentat. Genom att förbereda för masskadeattentat (MCA) kan hanteringen bli effektivare och kollektivtrafiken utgöra ett mindre givande mål. Beredskap för attentat, liksom själva hanteringen, innefattar dock resursbegränsningar och denna avhandling belyser somliga avgörande utmaningar som hämmar utvecklandet av beredskap för MCA mot kollektivtrafiken i Sverige. Syfte: Syftet med avhandlingen var att undersöka beredskapen för masskadeattentat mot kollektivtrafik. Detta möjliggjorde identifiering av stora utmaningar för beredskap och insatser, med särskilt fokus på den svenska kontexten. Metoder: Studie I innefattade 477 MCA som identifierades genom sökningar i Global Terrorism Database, vetenskapliga tidskrifter, tidningar och webbsidor, som sedan undersöktes med deskriptiv statistik. I Studie II genomfördes en tematisk analys av 105 artiklar, funna genom systematiska sökningar i databaserna PubMed och Scopus. I Studie III och IV genomfördes statistisk analys av data från 864 respondenter till en ändamålsenligt utformad enkät, utskickad till operativ personal inom blåljusorganisationerna. Studie V innebar validering av en finita element (FE)-modell av en explosion i en tågvagn genom jämförelse med bombningarna i Madrid 2004. Resultat: I den internationella utvecklingen av MCA (≥ 10 dödsfall eller ≥ 100 icke-dödligt skadade) mot kollektivtrafik, under åren 1970-2009 (I) visade det sig att det genomsnittliga antalet skadade ökade kraftigt, trots en tämligen stabil incidens av antalet händelser sedan 1980-talet. Skadadeutfallet var ofta stort vid angrepp på terminalbyggnader, multipla mål och användning av komplexa taktiska metoder. Få MCA inträffade i Europa, men det genomsnittliga antalet dödsfall per fall och skadade per fall var den näst högsta bland regioner. Litteraturstudien (II) av skadeplatshantering vid tidigare attentat visade att vanligt förekommande utmaningar under oavsiktliga masskadehändelser utökades under MCA med särskilda svårigheter kring säkerhet, bedömning, triage och behandling, vilket i sin tur kräver gemensam planering och särskild utbildning. Studien om de svenska blåljusorganisationernas uppfattningar om terroristattacker (III) visade signifikanta skillnader på uppfattningar om sannolikhet av olika händelser, viljan att respondera, beräknad hanteringskapacitet och förlitan till kunskap om uppgifter som ska utföras på skadeplats. Polisernas svar utmärkte sig; t.ex. hade färre inom polisen höga uppskattningar av sin organisations hanteringskapacitet och sin egen kunskap om uppgifter på plats, jämfört med de andra organisationerna. Studien av vilka faktorer som påverkade respondenternas uppfattning om beredskap för terrorism (IV) visade att uppfattningar påverkades av deras kön, arbetslivserfarenhet, organisationstillhörighet, olika former av utbildning och tillgång till personlig skyddsutrustning. Investeringar i åtgärder såsom terrorism-relaterad träning och personlig skyddsutrustning skulle kunna förbättra uppfattning om beredskap för terrorism inom blåljusorganisationerna. En FE modell av en explosion i en tågvagn (V) utvecklades och visade att FE metoden skulle kunna modellera materiella skador och personskador av explosioner, med tillämpning för beredskap och skadelindrande åtgärder, men visade också att det fanns utrymme för förbättring av modellen avseende personskador. Slutsats: Förverkligandet av beredskap för masskadeattentat mot kollektivtrafik utgör en balansgång i beslutstagande mellan vad som förefaller vara dilemman om investeringar, krisplaner, utbildning, responsstrategier, samverkan och innovationer.
Preparedness for mass-casualty attacks on public transportation
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Kalanzi, Joseph. "An analysis of health facility preparedness for major incidents in Kampala." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21188.
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Background & Objectives: Major incidents occur commonly in Uganda, but little is known about either local hazards which risk causing major incidents, or health system preparedness for such events. Understanding risk and current preparedness is the first step in improving response. Methods: We undertook a cross - sectional study across four teaching hospitals in Kampala (Mulago National Referral Hospital, Nsambya Hospital, Mengo Hospital and Lubaga Hospital). A local geographic area Hazard Vulnerability Analysis (HVA) f or each site was combined with a key informant questionnaire and standardized facility checklist within the hospitals. Data collected included status of major incident committees, operational major incident plans and facility major incident operation centres, bed capacity, equipment and supplies and staffing. The HVA assessed the human impact, impact on property and on business of the hazards as well as measures for mitigation (preparedness, internal response and external response) in place at the hospitals. Results: Only one of the four hospitals was found to have had an operational major incident plan. The designated coordinator for major incidents across all facilities was mostly a general surgeon; no funds were specifically allocated for planning .All hospitals have procedures for triage, resuscitation, stabilization and treatment. None of the facilities had officially designated a major incident committee. All the facilities had sufficient supplies for daily use but none had specifically stock piled any reserves for major incidents. All hospitals were staffed by at least a medical officer, clinical officers, nurses and a specialist with procedures for mobilizing extra staff s for major incidents. Some staffs had received some emergency care training in courses namely basic life support, advanced trauma life support, primary trauma care and emergency triage and treatment but no team had received training in major incident response. Only one hospital carried out annual simulation exercises. Incidents involving human hazards specifically bomb threats, road crash mass casualty incidents, civil disorder and epidemics posed the highest risk to all four hospitals and yet preparation and response measures were inadequate. Conclusion: Hospitals in Kampala face a wide range of hazards and frequent major incidents but despite this they remain under - prepared to respond. Large gaps were identified in as far as staffing, equipment and infrastructure.
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Bleakney, Eric M. "Finding the "sweet spot" for catastrophic incident search and rescue." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Sep/09Sep%5FBleakney.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2009.Thesis Advisor(s): Supinski, Stan. "September 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on November 05, 2009. Author(s) subject terms: Search and Rescue, Catastrophic Incident, Catastrophic Planning, National Search and Rescue Advisory Committee, Integrated Planning, NIFC, National Interagency Fire Center, MAC, National Multiagency Coordination Center, MACC, Multiagency Communications Center, Interagency Coordination, sweet spot, USNORTHCOM, United States Northern Command, CI SAR, Catastrophic Incident Search and Rescue, Air Force Rescue Coordination Center, Joint Personnel Recovery Center, Personnel Recovery Includes bibliographical references (p. 134143 Also available in print.
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Satula, Brian M. "Outcomes-balanced framework for emergency management: a predictive model for preparedness." Thesis, Monterey California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/37710.
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CHDS State/LocalThe homeland security community has struggled with a unifying system to support national preparedness even though states and local jurisdictions have gone to great lengths to enhance their capability. State preparedness reports, with inconsistent ranking systems and measurement tools that are self-assessments of individual capabilities, lack a holistic connection. The literature suggests that a one-size-fits-all assessment system has limited comparative value and has not proven to answer to the unique risks each state faces. By looking at the risk posture in each state and the unique capability needs, a model emerges that includes existing quantitative information and combines it with qualitative efforts sustained in emergency management. This research will introduce a predictive model that balances value-added inputs with intended results enhanced by leadership, with the organizational processes and performance outputs enhanced by management, into a system that delivers the outcomes intended with preparedness and further comparing it with current policy on national preparedness. With the demand by Congress to reconcile the treasury spent on homeland security, emergency management must find a system that balances both the measureable outputs and anecdotal impacts of preparedness that will guide each state toward improvement of its effort and secure strategies for future investments.
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Regan, Bonnie L. "Enhancing emergency preparedness and response partnering with the private business sector." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Dec/09Dec%5FRegan.pdf.
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Thesis (Master of Arts in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2009.Thesis Advisor: Rollins, John. Second Reader: Woodbury, Glen. "December 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 29, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Public private partnerships, private sector, private business sector, collaboration, coordination, emergency management, local government, continuity of community, challenges to partnering, emergency preparedness, emergency response. Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-88). Also available in print.
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Register, David Lain Brian. "Programming homeland security citizen preparedness and the threat of terrorism /." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2007. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-3922.
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Petersen, Katherine M. "Disaster preparedness and recovery for museums : a business recovery model /." View online, 2006. http://ecommons.txstate.edu/arp/118/.
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Dawson, Daniel. "DEVELOPING EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS PLANS FOR ORLANDO INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT (MCO) USING MICROSCOPIC SIMULATOR WATSIM." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2006. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2860.
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Emergency preparedness typically involves the preparation of detailed plans that can be implemented in response to a variety of possible emergencies or disruptions to the transportation system. One shortcoming of past response plans was that they were based on only rudimentary traffic analysis or in many cases none at all. With the advances in traffic simulation during the last decade, it is now possible to model many traffic problems, such as emergency management, signal control and testing of Intelligent Transportation System technologies. These problems are difficult to solve using the traditional tools, which are based on analytical methods. Therefore, emergency preparedness planning can greatly benefit from the use of micro-simulation models to evaluate the impacts of natural and man-made incidents and assess the effectiveness of various responses. This simulation based study assessed hypothetical emergency preparedness plans and what geometric and/or operational improvements need to be done in response to emergency incidents. A detailed framework outlining the model building, calibration and validation of the model using microscopic traffic simulation model WATSim (academic version) is provided. The Roadway network data consists of geometric layout of the network, number of lanes, intersection description which include the turning bays, signal timings, phasing sequence, turning movement information etc. The network in and around the OIA region is coded into WATSim with 3 main signalized intersections, 180 nodes and 235 links. The travel demand data includes the vehicle counts in each link of the network and was modeled as percentage turning count movements. After the OIA network was coded into WATSim, the road network was calibrated and validated for the peak hour mostly obtained from ADT with 8% K factor by comparing the simulated and actual link counts at 15 different key locations in the network and visual verification done. Ranges of scenarios were tested that includes security checkpoint, route diversion incase of incident in or near the airport and increasing demand on the network. Travel time, maximum queue length and delay were used as measures of effectiveness and the results tabulated. This research demonstrates the potential benefits of using microscopic simulation models when developing emergency preparedness strategies. In all 4 main Events were modeled and analyzed. In Event 1, occurrence of 15 minutes traffic incident on a section of South Access road was simulated and its impact on the network operations was studied. The averaged travel time under the incident duration to Side A was more than doubled (29 minutes, more than a 100% increase) compared to the base case and similarly that of Side B two and a half times more (23 minutes, also more than a 100% increase). The overall network performance in terms of delay was found to be 231.09 sec/veh. and baseline 198.9 sec/veh. In Event 2, two cases with and without traffic diversions were assumed and evaluated under 15 minutes traffic incident modeled at the same link and spot as in Event 1. It was assumed that information about the traffic incident was disseminated upstream of the incident 2 minutes after the incident had occurred. This scenario study demonstrated that on the average, 17% (4 minutes) to 41% (12 minutes) per vehicle of travel time savings are achieved when real-time traffic information was provided to 26% percent of the drivers diverted. The overall network performance in delay for this event was also found to improve significantly (166.92 sec/veh). These findings led to the conclusion that investment in ITS technologies that support dissemination of traffic information (such as Changeable Message Signs, Highway Advisory Radio, etc) would provide a great advantage in traffic management under emergency situations and road diversion strategies. Event 3 simulated a Security Check point. It was observed that on the average, travel times to Sides A and B was 3 and 5 minutes more respectively compared to its baseline. Averaged queue length of 650 feet and 890 feet worst case was observed. Event 4 determined when and where the network breaks down when loaded. Among 10 sets of demand created, the network appeared to be breaking down at 30% increase based on the network-wide delay and at 15% based on Level of Service (LOS). The 90% increase appeared to have the most effect on the network with a total network-wide delay close to 620 seconds per vehicle which is 3 and a half times compared to the baseline. Conclusions and future scope were provided to ensure continued safe and efficient traffic operations inside and outside the Orlando International Airport region and to support efficient and informed decision making in the face of emergency situations.M.S.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Civil Engineering
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Petal, Marla Ann. "Urban disaster mitigation and preparedness the 1999 Kocaeli earthquake /." online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium access full-text, 2004. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3142562.
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Andersson, Annika. "In case of emergency : Collaboration exercises at the boundaries between emergency service organizations." Doctoral thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avd för hälsa, kultur och pedagogik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-9333.
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Due to the emergent and dynamic nature of incidents, the complexity of emergency work is often referred to as a challenge for learning. Another recurrent challenge in emergency work is that of collaboration at and across established organizational boundaries involving actors with specific types of expertise who are operating under different regulations and responsibilities. In addition, training emergency service organizations in collaboration remains a challenge. In light of the difficulties and shortcomings that have been identified in major incident responses, the need for exercises for developing and maintaining collaborative response effectiveness prior to the next incident is often highlighted. The overall aim of this thesis is to understand how full-scale exercises can provide conditions for developing inter-organizational collaboration between the police, ambulance and rescue services at the incident site. Learning activities that carry the potential to support and develop collaborative capacity, and how the alignment of distributed expertise can be trained for, were of particular interest. Interviews with participants in eight full-scale exercises with professionals and interviews and observations of one exercise with senior-level students in Sweden served as the empirical base.Central concepts from Cultural-Historical Activity Theory (CHAT) provided theoretical tools to explore the exercises and understand boundaries between organizations with a wider, systemic approach. The empirical studies show that the participants understood full-scale exercises to be valuable opportunities for becoming involved in response work, making decisions, and acting and interacting in uncertain situations and realistic environments. As in real-life responses, exercises are characterized by the stabilization and confirmation of everyday routines on the one hand, and by improvisation and change on the other hand. The studies also show that exercises tend to focus on specific scenarios,intra-organizational routines, and leadership positions. Infrequent exercises inwhich the participants were only trained in a limited role were perceived to be in adequate for developing preparedness and collaboration. However, the analysis suggested that the way in which exercises were organized and performed had implications for how participants were trained in collaboration.Realizing the potential of boundaries as resources for learning in exercises depends on how boundaries are explicated and approached. Thus, rather than striving to ignore or eliminate boundaries in exercises, the studies illustrated the learning value of explicitly reflecting on the multiple understandings around boundaries. The studies demonstrated that much of the work at an incident site takes place around negotiations. Collaboration at the incident site was not only aquestion about boundary crossing; operational tasks may not always be aligned and have to be prioritized and sequenced. The exercises comprised work situations in which no single motive could explain or determine the collaboration,due to different types of expertise, primary responsibilities and needs forinformation. These factors were understood in terms of the concepts of boundarywork and boundary awareness. These concepts point at a more divergent understanding of collaboration that reaches beyond striving to create mutual understanding between organizations in learning activities. Differences between organizations, such as in terminology, time horizons, priorities, leadership structures, understandings of safety and how intra-organizational decisions and actions could impact the collaborating organizations' work, were central triggers for discussion and negotiation. These differences required explanations in order to make the actions and decisions of one organization understandable and justifiable to another, based on organizational mandates and types of expertise.Giving emergency services the opportunity to work together, to develop an awareness of their expectations of each other in various situations, to use and interpret their own and others' terminologies, and to identify internal hierarchies and motives for prioritizations was essential dimensions of exercises
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Gibson, Stacey L. "Individual Emergency Preparedness in Canada: Widening the Lens on the Social Environment." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/24099.
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The goal of this thesis was to reposition individual preparedness within a social environmental context. First, a theoretical model was developed to more accurately represent the social environmental considerations neglected in current preparedness research and policy. A series of three studies tested this model using a mixed-methods approach: First, subjective conceptualizations of preparedness were explored in a qualitative analysis (N = 12). Findings revealed that participants evaluated their readiness not in terms of prescribed activities, but perceptions about their current resourcefulness as well as past local hazards. Participants’ had positive social environments which also reinforced their perceived coping ability in future emergency events. Subsequent thesis studies investigated the role social environment further, using quantitative data. The second study explicitly tested whether perceptions of risk and coping could explain differences in preparedness based on demographic attributes linked to variations in social environment. Data from a survey examining Canadians perceptions regarding terrorism threats (N = 1503) revealed that greater anticipated response was significantly associated with increased age, as well as female gender, higher education levels, and higher income levels. Statistically significant differences in threat appraisals were also reported based on these demographic groupings. However, mediation analyses demonstrated that with the exception of gender, differences in anticipated response could not be explained via risk perceptions or perceived coping efficacy, suggesting that social environment’s role in preparedness is not related to the internal processes often targeted in current campaigns. The third study used a multilevel design to investigate the contextual role of neighbourhood social environment in anticipated emergency response. Results demonstrated that a more deprived social neighbourhood context was related to lowered anticipated emergency response. This relationship was maintained after controlling for significant individual-level factors such as previous experience and sociodemographics, highlighting the importance of neighbourhood social context in facilitating emergency preparedness. Taken together, these findings provide novel evidence that focusing preparedness strategies to primarily target internal processes is misguided, and that future research and policy must position preparedness efforts in the context of existing social environmental resources and barriers in order to build capacity for effective emergency response.
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Gustetic, Jennifer L. (Jennifer Leigh). "A framework for understanding and designing partnerships in emergency preparedness and response." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/40299.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2007.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references.
Using partnerships between the public and private sectors to provide emergency preparedness and response (EPER) functions has become a useful and necessary tool for improving overall emergency management in the United States. Privatization has been studied comprehensively in many areas that are ripe for partnerships, but not in the field of emergency preparedness and response. Thus, this research fills that gap and advises both the architects of EPER partnerships and the policy makers that influence them, how to design partnerships based on the experience of former and existing EPER partnerships. In order to learn from existing partnerships, this research uses a case study method. After identifying and interviewing representatives from 16 EPER partnerships, this research classifies those partnerships based on several attributes. There are three general categories for those descriptive attributes: structural, functional and event. The structural attributes represent characteristics of a partnership that an architect has decision making power over. Functional and event attributes, on the other hand, are dependent on the EPER function being provided and are thus largely pre-defined for an architect.
(cont.) This research identifies links between the independent variables -- the functional and event attributes -- and the dependent variables -- the structural attributes -- that will guide architects and policy makers in their decision making processes. In general, this research found that there are several event and functional attributes of successful past EPER partnerships that can inform the structural decisions of the architect. Also, this research finds that there are several lessons the policy maker can take from past EPER partnerships, including the importance of allowing and encouraging flexibility in the partnership design process.
by Jennifer L. Gustetic.
S.M.
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Speer, Sandra Marie. "Qualitative Study of How to Improve Encouragement of Increased Emergency Management Preparedness." Thesis, Capella University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10976356.
Full textAbstract:
It is necessary to increase emergency preparedness in the United States, to ensure safety for all Americans before, during, and after critical incidents. Historical research on emergency preparedness indicated that the need to increase disaster preparedness in the United States is known, but how to accomplish gaining the necessitated increase of emergency preparedness is not known. Due to the shortage of information on how to increase emergency preparedness, this study was designed to reveal an understanding of how to increase disaster preparedness in the United States. Results from this study will offer the public service leadership industry valuable information to utilize in further study of how to effectively accomplish increasing disaster preparedness in the United States. The study was a qualitative phenomenological research study with a phenomenological method of data collection. When the information acquired from descriptive answers provided by qualified participants was compared to historical research using content data analysis, three themes were revealed. The first theme presented information supporting the necessity to increase emergency preparedness in the United States. The second theme revealed the concerns among emergency management preparedness researchers and practitioners that disaster preparedness may be too complex to accomplish increasing. The third theme offers suggestions of how to improve present methods of disaster preparedness encouragement in the United States.
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Doyle, Rebekah. "Perceptions of Emergency Preparedness Among Immigrant Hispanics Living in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2811.
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Tornadoes are occurring with increased frequency in Oklahoma. Emergency preparedness planning is essential to decreasing individuals' risks of injury or death from a tornado. Research on immigrant Hispanics' knowledge and perceptions of emergency preparedness is limited. The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions and lived experiences of immigrant Hispanics who had experienced a tornado or other crisis weather conditions in Oklahoma during spring of 2013. The research questions explored their perceived risk for injury and knowledge of tornado preparedness planning. The health belief model provided the theoretical underpinnings for this qualitative phenomenological study. Semi structured interviews were conducted with a purposeful sample of 10 immigrant individuals living in and around Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Data were subjected to triangulation and analyzed to identify themes and patterns. Findings indicated that immigrant participants had experienced multiple tornadoes, routinely sought shelter during a tornado, and 50% had created a family emergency plan and supply kit because of their experience with tornadoes and perceived risk for injury. Identified barriers to preparedness planning were language barriers and lack of information on natural disaster preparedness. Recommendations included conducting public health outreach and establishing multidisciplinary partnerships within communities to provide cultural and linguistically appropriate disaster preparedness information to immigrant individuals. Findings provide public health practitioners with the ability to improve access and dissemination of preparedness planning information that may promote positive social change by decreasing immigrants' risk of injury and death.
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Ide, Dawn M. "Cited and Underprepared; the Call for Improved Emergency Preparedness in LTC Facilities." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7663.
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This research investigated the connection between the Medicare star rating system and E-tags on emergency preparedness of nursing homes for disasters in Hampton Roads, Virginia. Emergency preparedness in nursing homes has been a topic of growing interest within the past decade. Hampton Roads, Virginia, has a history of natural disasters including hurricanes and flooding, which necessitates a proper and efficient emergency preparedness plan in nursing home facilities. The primary purpose of this research was to review the secondary Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) data regarding the star rating system and E-tag surveys of each of the 37 nursing facilities that were not connected to a hospital or part of a continuing care retirement community to find a correlation, if any, between emergency preparedness and CMS star rating. The theoretical foundation for the research was the diffusions of innovation theory, which addresses innovation that is communicated between members of a team or social group, inclusive of gaining knowledge of an innovation, persuading others to move toward that innovation, team decision making on the innovation, and implementation/confirmation of that innovation. The statistical analysis provided inconclusive answers to research questions. The potential social change from this study is it may inform nursing home administrators of the 4 most frequent E-tag deficiencies found in this research; and their nonlinear relationship to total bed count and variables such as individual Medicare star rating categories so that administrators can apply this new knowledge to their field in general and their facility in particular; to achieve better overall disaster preparedness coordination.
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Botha, R. W., and B. Kotze. "The preparedness of Bloemfontein radiographers for common medical emergencies." Journal for New Generation Sciences, Vol 12, Issue 2: Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/658.
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Published ArticleRadiographers need to know how to react appropriately when a patient has a medical emergency; this is not only essential but lifesaving. This reaction stems from a theoretical framework that guides an automotive sense of knowing what to do and how to assist. Having the correct equipment completes this circle. The objectives of this study was to evaluate the responses of Bloemfontein radiographers in emergency situations based on the awareness of their role in emergency procedures and their role in the application of pharmaceuticals and equipment on the emergency trolley. A checklist compiled from literature was used to evaluate the state of emergency trolleys at four hospitals in Bloemfontein through impromptu visits. A questionnaire was used to determine the preparedness of radiographers for common medical emergencies. The currency of their first aid training was also established. The study results showed that 50% of the emergency trolleys' content conformed to guidelines in literature; the other trolleys contained expired medicine. Forty-five percent of the radiographers in the sample did not know how to assist effectively when using an emergency trolley. Of the participants 73.5% would respond according to protocol in emergency situations. Fifty-three percent of the radiographers in the study did not have valid first aid certificates. This study showed that though most participating radiographers would respond to emergency situations according to protocol, certain aspects of their response have shortcomings. Additionally the availability of equipment and medication is cause for concern.
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Williams, Jewel E. "Court officers as certified first responders assisting in homeland security and community emergency preparedness." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Jun%5FWilliams%5FJewel.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.A. in National Security (Homeland Defense and Security))--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2005.Thesis Advisor(s): David Brannan. Includes bibliographical references (p.75-77). Also available online.
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Watson, Stephanie Victoria. "Transportation infrastructure resilience and disaster preparedness education in Alabama." Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2007. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2009r/watson.pdf.
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Crawford, Ian William Frederick. "Chemical incidents-emergency preparedness and response in the United Kingdom National Health Service." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.499850.
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Gerla, Stephanie Rae. "Emergency Preparedness in Utah Households with Emphasis on Water and Food Storage Conditions." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3934.
Full textAbstract:
Emergency preparedness steps taken by individuals in Utah households were evaluated in 3 studies. Study 1 evaluated the 2011 landline and cell phone Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey and General Preparedness Optional Module results from two states, Louisiana and Utah, to find factors from demographic and medical data that can be used to predict emergency preparedness in individuals. Stepwise logistical regression analysis ascertained the ability of chosen variables to predict individuals' preparedness. The rate of prepared individuals was lower if they were between the ages of 18 to 54 years, when compared to the reference age group of 65 or older. Also, the rate of prepared participants was lower if they were female, had children under age 18 at home, or were unable to afford a doctor in the past year. Rate of prepared respondents was higher if they owned a home or were married (p <0.05). Study 2 evaluated water stored for emergency purposes in households throughout Utah for coliform, E. coli, free chlorine, and antimony. Ninety one percent of the stored water samples were found to be safe for human consumption. However, 9% of water samples were not considered safe due to over chlorination or the presence of coliform. Of 240 samples, 7 contained coliform and 14 samples had total chlorine levels over the Environmental Protection Agency's 4 ppm limit. Water in clear, polyethylene terephthalate soda bottles, even when stored for >18 months, did not exceed 0.3 ppb antimony, a level significantly lower than the Environmental Protection Agency limit of 6.0 ppb antimony. Study 3 measured for one year the temperature and humidity of food storage areas in 67 households within Utah. In 63% of locations, temperatures exceeded 24 °C, which can be considered abusive for food storage. The maximum temperature reached in a food storage area was 37.9 °C. Percent relative humidity exceeded 60% in 43% of food storage areas, which can be considered abusive for food stored in packaging permeable to moisture. The maximum percent relative humidity reached was 92.5%. In conclusion, most water stored for emergency purposes was considered safe, but temperature and humidity conditions for most food storage areas exceeded recommended maximums, and emergency preparedness of households within Utah needs to be improved.