Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Emergency Route'

Throughout United States and world history, disasters have caused not only significant loss of life, property but also enormous financial loss. The tsunami that occurred on December 26, 2004 is a telling example of the devastation that can occur unexpectedly. This unexpected natural event never happened before in this area. In addition, there was a lack of an emergency response plan for events of that magnitude. Therefore, this event resulted not only in a natural catastrophe for the people of South and Southeast Asia, but it is also considered one of the greatest natural disasters in world history. After the giant wave dissipated, there were more than 230,000 people dead and more than US$10 billion in property damage and loss. Another significant event was the terrorist incident on September 11, 2001 (commonly referred to as 9/11) in United States. This event was unexpected and an unnatural, i.e., man-made event. It resulted in approximately 3,000 lives lost and about US$21 billion in property damage. These and other unexpected (or unanticipated) events give emergency management officials short- or no-notice to prevent or respond to the situation. These and other facts motivate the need for better emergency evacuation route planning (EERP) approaches in order to minimize the loss of human lives and property in short- or no-notice emergency situations. This research considers aspects of evacuation routing that have received little attention in research and, more importantly, in practice. Previous EERP models only either consider unidirectional evacuee flow from the source of a hazard to destinations of safety or unidirectional emergency first responder flow to the hazard source. However, in real-life emergency situations, these heterogeneous, incompatible flows occur simultaneously over a bi-directional capacitated lane-based travel network, especially in short- and no-notice emergencies. After presenting a review of the work related to the multiple flow EERP problem, mathematical formulations are presented for the EERP problem where the objective for each problem is to identify an evacuation routing plan (i.e., a traffic flow schedule) that maximizes evacuee and responder flow and minimizes network clearance time of both types of flow. In addition, we integrate the general human response behavior flow pattern, where the cumulative flow behavior follows different degrees of an S-shaped curve depending upon the level of the evacuation order. We extend the analysis to consider potential traffic flow conflicts between the two types of flow under these conditions. A conflict occurs when flow of different types occupy a roadway segment at the same time. Further, with different degrees of flow movement flow for both evacuee and responder flow, the identification of points of flow congestion on the roadway segments that occur within the transportation network is investigated.
Ph.D.
Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
Engineering and Computer Science
Industrial Engineering PhD

A segurança nos voos de Veículos Aéreos Não Tripulados (VANTs) é uma importante questão e vem ganhando destaque devido a uma série de acidentes com tais aeronaves. O aumento do número de aeronaves no espaço aéreo e a autonomia cada vez maior para realizar missões estão entre outros elementos que merecem destaques. No entanto, pouca atenção tem sido dada a autonomia da aeronave em casos emergenciais [Contexto]. Nesse contexto, o desenvolvimento de algoritmos que efetuem o planejamento de rotas na ocorrência de situações críticas é fundamental para obter maior segurança aérea. Eventuais situações de insegurança podem estar relacionadas a uma falha nos equipamentos do veículo aéreo que impede a continuação da missão em curso pela aeronave [Lacuna]. A presente pesquisa avança o estado da arte considerando um conceito chamado In-Flight Awareness (IFA), que estabelece consciência situacional em VANTs, visando maior segurança de voo. Os estudos também avançam na proposição de modelos matemáticos que representem o estado da aeronave avariada, viabilizando o pouso emergencial e minimizando possíveis danos [Propósito]. Este trabalho utiliza técnicas de computação evolutiva como Algoritmos Genéticos (AG) e Algoritmos Genéticos Multi-Populacional (AGMP), além de uma Heurística Gulosa (HG) e um modelo de Programação Linear Inteira Mista (PLIM) no tratamento de falhas críticas juntamente com o conceito de IFA [Metodologia]. As soluções obtidas foram avaliadas através de experimentos offline usando os modelos matemáticos desenvolvidos, além de validadas em um simulador de voo e em um voo real. De forma geral, o AG e AGMP obtiveram resultados equivalentes, salvando o VANT em aproximadamente 89% dos mapas. A HG conseguiu trazer a aeronave até uma região bonificadora em 77% dos mapas dentro de um tempo computacional abaixo de 1 segundo. No modelo PLIM, o tempo gasto foi de cerca de quatro minutos já que garantia a otimalidade da solução encontrada. Devido ao seu elevado tempo computacional, uma estratégia evolvendo rotas pré-calculadas foi definida a partir do PLIM, mostrando-se bastante promissora. Nos experimentos envolvendo simulador de voo foram testadas diferentes condições de vento e se verificou que mesmo sobre tais condições os métodos desenvolvidos conseguiram efetuar o pouso com segurança [Resultado]. O trabalho apresentado colabora com a segurança de Veículos Aéreos Não Tripulados e com a proposta de modelos matemáticos que representem a aeronave em caso de situações críticas. Os métodos, de forma geral, mostraram-se promissores na resolução do problema de pouso emergencial já que trouxeram a aeronave com segurança até regiões interessantes ao pouso em um baixo tempo computacional. Isso foi atestado pelos resultados obtidos a partir das simulações offline, em simulador de voo e em voo real [Conclusão]. As principais contribuições do trabalho são: modelagem de regiões adequadas ao pouso, modelagem de falhas, arquitetura do sistema planejador de rotas e modelo linear para para pouso emergencial [Contribuição].
The security involved in flights of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) is an important issue and is achieving prominence due to a number of accidents involving such aircraft. Other elements that deserve highlights are the increase in the number of aircraft in the airspace and autonomy to perform missions, however, little attention has been given to the autonomy of the aircraft in emergency cases [Context]. In this context, the development of algorithms that contribute significantly to the path planning in the event of critical situations is essential for more air traffic. Possible situations of insecurity may be related to a failure in the equipment of vehicle that prevents the continuation of the current mission by aircraft [Gap]. The research advances the state of the art considering a concept called In-Flight Awareness (IFA), which provides situational awareness in UAVs aiming at greater flight safety. Advances also in the developing of mathematical models that represent the state of the damaged aircraft, with the purpose to execute the emergency landing by minimizing damages [Purpose]. Thus, this work applies evolutionary computation techniques such as Genetic Algorithms (GA) and Multi-Population Genetic Algorithms (MPGA), as well as a Greedy Heuristic (GH) and a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model to deal with critical situations along with the concept of IFA [Methodology]. The solutions obtained were evaluated through offline experiments using the developed mathematical models, which were validated in a flight simulator and a real-world flight. In General, the GA and MPGA reached similar results by saving the UAV in approximately 89% of the maps, while the GH was able to bring the aircraft to a bonus region for 77% of maps within a feasible computational time lower than 1 second. In the MILP model, the time spent was about four minutes since it guarantees optimality of the solution found. Due to such high computational time, a strategy involving nearby routes pre-calculated was defined from the MILP which was very promising. In experiments involving flight simulator, different wind conditions were tested and it was found that even under such conditions the methods developed have managed to execute the landing safely [Result]. The work presented collaborates with the safety of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles and with the proposal of mathematical models that represent the aircraft under critical situations. The methods, in general, were promising since they brought the aircraft to execute a safe landing within a low computational time as shown by offline simulations, flight simulator and real flight [Conclusion]. The main contributions are: fault modeling, system architecture planner routes and linear model for emergency landing. [Contribution].

Mine safety is of paramount concern to the mining industry. The generation of a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) which can administrate relevant spatial data and metadata of underground mining safety efficiently is a very vital issue in this sense. In an effort to achieve a balance of safety and productivity, GIS can contribute to the creation of a safe working environment in underground (U/G) mining. Such a system should serve to a continuous risk analysis and be designed for applications in case of emergency. Concept for safety should require three fundamental components, namely (i) constructive safety
(ii) surveillance and maintenance
and (iii) emergency. The implementation has to be carried out in a Web-Based Geographic Information System. The process comprises first the safety concept as the application domain model and then a conceptual model was generated in terms of Entity- Relationship Diagrams. After the implementation of the logical model a user interface was developed and GIS was tested. Finally, one should deal with the question if it is possible to extend the method of resolution used to a national GIS infrastructure.

Emergency call takers listen to callers expressing mundane errands, but also to callers who describe severe accidents, agony and deaths. The emergency setting is further complicated by having to perform triage under time-pressure, but without possibilities of seeing the patient. The setting rests on an imperative of speedy management—there are few or no possibilities to postpone or reconsider decisions. At the same time, the mode of communication (telephone) may cause overflow or insufficient information, resulting in an uncertain and ambiguous decision setting. A focal point for the organization is therefore the individual capability of conducting triage. However, call takers are also helped by organizational routines, which are manifested in decision support systems, in order to navigate this uncertain and ambiguous setting. Taken together, the emergency setting brings a tension to the fore—how does this emotional setting, with features of vivid and interruptive experiences that possibly detour normative decisions, interact with routines that are supposed to provide for both stability and that recurrent decisions can be made under similar conditions? Drawing on the fields of psychology, decision making, organization theory and communication theory the tension is investigated by a series of four studies. The first study is a field study of the emotional landscape of emergency call taking. Emergency call takers rated callers’ emotional expressions in authentic emergency calls, the level of intensity and expressed need for help. The second study is an experiment, using a speech sample from authentic emergency calls in order to find out whether expressed emotion and intensity contribute to perceived need for help. The third study focuses on management strategies of call takers. More specifically, how do emergency call takers manage double-faced emotional management—i.e., their own and the caller’s emotions—simultaneously? The fourth study focuses on how call takers make decisions, more specifically how call takers use intuitive and emotional capabilities to complement or challenge rational aspects of the decision support systems. The studies reveal that certain emotions occur more often than others and that the level of intensity of expression contributes to perceived help need. Call takers have also developed specific emotional management strategies in order to cope with both callers’ and their own emotions. Finally, call takers were found to use rational and formal routines as well as non-formal, intuitive and emotionally based individual routines in order to derive their decisions. These findings are put into organizational context in terms of implications for emergency call taking. Limitations to the development of situation-specific expertise and obstacles for organizational learning are identified. Also, emergency call taking would benefit from drawing on knowledge found outside of the medical domain. However, the most important finding is that interpretation of emotional expressions in callers’ voices can trigger modifications of the triage routine in use.

Disp. June 12

Every year the Philippines get affected by a number of typhoons, which cause severe damage, sometimes due to flooding. The capital, Manila, is located on a flood plain that is partly at, and even below sea level and with several rivers crossing the area. These are some of the factors that contribute to that Manila often is affected by severe flooding. During ten weeks of the spring semester in 2014, this thesis was conducted as a completion of the bachelor program Geographic Information System (GIS) at Karlstad University, Sweden. Eight weeks were spent in Manila in the Philippines at the University of the Philippines Diliman, School of Urban and Regional Planning (UP SURP). The aim of the study was to investigate how hospitals in Manila City get affected during flooding. GIS was used to perform network analyses, in order to calculate the shortest route for the emergency service to travel from a station via a barangay to a hospital. The shortest alternative route during a 5-year flood was also calculated in order to compare the distance differences that might be due to flood. During a 100-year flood another type of analysis was performed, where suggestions for suitable locations for placing emergency service and temporary medical centre were presented. These suggestions on suitable locations were placed in an area that will not be affected during a 100-year flood. Results from the analyses showed that Manila City is a very exposed area during flood. During a 5-year flood some parts of Manila City will be highly exposed and about 1/4 of the population will be affected. The shortest alternative route for the emergency service to use during flood will generally be longer than in normal situations. Some hospitals cannot be accessed from some barangays due to impassable roads. During a 100-year flood the area gets gravely affected, almost 2/3 of the population will be affected and many roads become impassable, which limits the accessibility in Manila City.

Thesis (M.S. in Modeling, Virtual Environments and Simulation and M.S. in Computer Science)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2003.
"This thesis is done in cooperation with the MOVES Institute"--Cover. Thesis advisor(s): Eugene Paulo, John Hiles. Includes bibliographical references (p. 49). Also available online.

Pretende-se apresentar uma solução para a determinação de rotas de evacuação em cenário urbano, perante casos de crise sísmica seguida de um tsunami, simulando as consequências dos efeitos sísmicos do evento ocorrido a 1 de Novembro de 1755 nos dias de hoje. O caso de estudo recairá sobre a cidade de Faro, Algarve. Perante este problema é necessária a avaliação da vulnerabilidade sísmica do parque edificado existente, de forma a determinar uma estimativa de distribuição de danos provocada por uma ocorrência desta natureza. Para esta avaliação será aplicado um método macrossísmico segundo a escala de danos EMS-98. Gerada a rede urbana, será aplicado um algoritmo de emergência construído no desenvolvimento deste trabalho. Tem como objectivo estabelecer rotas de evacuação em situações de emergência, dentro do tempo de evacuação existente, ponderando as distâncias entre dois nós obtidas com o algoritmo de Dijkstra (1959) com as características do nó de destino, tais como cotas altimétricas e grau de dano estimado; ABSTRACT:It is intended to provide a solution for the determination of evacuation routes in the urban scenario, in cases of seismic crisis followed by a tsunami earthquake, simulating the consequences of the effects of the seismic event occurred on the 1st of November of 1755, nowadays. The case study will be on the city of Faro, Algarve. Faced with this problem it is necessary to assess the seismic vulnerability of existing buildings to determine the distribution of damage caused by an occurrence of this nature. For this evaluation, it will be applied a macrosseismic method according to the damage scale EMS-98. With the urban network created, an emergency algorithm is applied, built in this work. It aims to establish evacuation routes in case of emergency, in the existing evacuation time, by weighing the distances between two nodes obtained with the Dijkstra algorithm (1959) with the characteristics of the destination node, such as altitudes and estimated damage degrees obtained with the macrosseismic method.

La Direction générale responsable de l’aide humanitaire de la Commission européenne(DG ECHO) est un acteur particulier des relations internationales. Sa singularité est marquée par une institutionnalisation progressive et par un fonctionnement distinct au sein des institutions européennes.L’étude de la stratégie qu’elle a élaborée pour lutter contre la malnutrition au Sahel révèle tout particulièrement les forces, les faiblesses, mais aussi les opportunités et les contraintes de l’aide humanitaire de la Commission européenne. À la lumière de cette stratégie, la DG ECHO est parvenue à promouvoir une approche crédible et reconnue afin de combattre la malnutrition. Néanmoins, l’enjeu sécuritaire que représente ce phénomène expose les vulnérabilités de la Commission européenne, à plus forte raison dans le contexte volatil du Sahel. Le manque de cohérence des actions extérieures et l’administration de l’Union européenne se révèlent particulièrement contraignants.Pourtant, l’autorité et la maturité dont fait preuve la DG ECHO, notamment dans la dimension nutritionnelle de l’aide, lui offrent la légitimité d’exister et le privilège d’être devenu un acte urfondamental, voire incontournable, du système humanitaire. La plus-value qu’elle apporte repose sur l’expertise de son personnel mais aussi sur un partenariat original avec des opérateurs spécialisés. Au terme de deux décennies d’existence, la DG ECHO s’affirme et exerce une influence croissante sur la scène européenne, où elle contribue à la construction de l’identité de l’Union, mais aussi internationale
The European Commission Directorate-General for Humanitarian Aid (ECHO) has become a unique actor in international relations. Its singularity is defined by a progressive institutionalisation and a proper functioning within the European institutions. In particular, the study of the strategy ECHO has developed to fight malnutrition in the Sahel reveals the strengths, the weaknesses, the opportunities and the constraints of the European Commission humanitarian aid system. Indeed, ECHO has succeeded in promoting a credible and recognized policy to combat malnutrition. However, the security challenge posed by malnutrition exposes the European Commission’s vulnerabilities, which are heightened in the volatile environment of the Sahel. The lack of coherence of the EuropeanUnion external actions and administration are particularly constraining. Though, the authority and maturity displayed by ECHO, specifically in the nutritional dimensions of aid, has increased its legitimacy to exist and to be a key player in the humanitarian aid system. The added value it provides is based on the expertise of its staff,but also on a unique system of partnerships with specialized operators. Twenty years after its creation, ECHO has asserted itself and has a growing influence on the international and European scene, where it contributes to the construction of the EU identity

Il lavoro è stato suddiviso in tre macro-aree. Una prima riguardante un'analisi teorica di come funzionano le intrusioni, di quali software vengono utilizzati per compierle, e di come proteggersi (usando i dispositivi che in termine generico si possono riconoscere come i firewall). Una seconda macro-area che analizza un'intrusione avvenuta dall'esterno verso dei server sensibili di una rete LAN. Questa analisi viene condotta sui file catturati dalle due interfacce di rete configurate in modalità promiscua su una sonda presente nella LAN. Le interfacce sono due per potersi interfacciare a due segmenti di LAN aventi due maschere di sotto-rete differenti. L'attacco viene analizzato mediante vari software. Si può infatti definire una terza parte del lavoro, la parte dove vengono analizzati i file catturati dalle due interfacce con i software che prima si occupano di analizzare i dati di contenuto completo, come Wireshark, poi dei software che si occupano di analizzare i dati di sessione che sono stati trattati con Argus, e infine i dati di tipo statistico che sono stati trattati con Ntop. Il penultimo capitolo, quello prima delle conclusioni, invece tratta l'installazione di Nagios, e la sua configurazione per il monitoraggio attraverso plugin dello spazio di disco rimanente su una macchina agent remota, e sui servizi MySql e DNS. Ovviamente Nagios può essere configurato per monitorare ogni tipo di servizio offerto sulla rete.

博士
國立臺灣海洋大學
航運管理學系
104
The purpose of this study aims to understand IMO SOLAS and related regulations or codes for passenger ship evacuations. The system simulation approach is used to establish a training ship evacuation model, which can assist the captain to assess the shortest time path in emergency evacuation of abandon ship drills. Safety specifications for domestic marine equipment and passenger ships appear scattered in rules, regulations and checklist issued by the Ministry of Transportation and Communications. On the contrary, there are special chapters in SOLAS related to the structure specification for passenger ships, emergency evacuation and fire safety requirements. Furthermore, Chapter 13 of Fire Safety System Code (FSS Code), a sub-regulation of SOLAS, describes a method of escape. Shipping Chapter of Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) also provides special sections that specify specifications and requirements for escape equipment. Hence, this study makes comparison between the original regulations for academic reference. First, this study reviews evacuation theories related to building evacuation, especially the literature of hydraulic model of occupant’s movement and the service level of evacuation facilities. Next, the study summaries the literature of passenger ship evacuations, in particular to the application of the International Maritime Organization's Maritime Safety Committee promulgated “Guidelines for Evacuation Analysis for New and Existing Passenger Ships,” (MSC.1 / Circ.1238). Using blueprints of the training ship “Yu-Ying No. 2”, taking field measurements of the hull size, calculating marine evacuation time, we have demonstrated the actual evacuation calculation suitable for maritime college education. The most important issue of this stage is to measure the clear width, length and personnel walking speed, as the input for the simulation program. In order to build a simulation model, we must transform all internal space of the training ship into a space network. The space inside the training ship includes an audio-video room, a library, a restaurant, a gym and other recreational space. These components are connected by corridors, stairs, etc. The relationship between plane and three-dimensional space is quite complicated, so this study focuses on exploring the corridors and stairs connecting recreational space. Arcs and nodes are utilized to connect space and construct the network. VisualFORTRAN was used to write the emergency evacuation program. By implementing the program to collect information on different evacuation scenarios, analyzing the collected information and comparing the simulation results, the risk and cost of evacuation drills can be reduced without using real environment and real people. Finally, the evacuation system was simulated to compare the performance of different scenarios based on one-way ANOVA. The shortest evacuation time was searched under significant differences in the total evacuation time and accordingly the shortest time three decks emergency evacuation path diagram was constructed. The results can provide a reference for the captain and high rank officers of the training ship when they plan an abandon ship drill to obtain an evacuation path with the shortest feasible time.

碩士
大葉大學
資訊管理學系碩士班
95
To make route guidance of ambulance effective, it is important that the system should be able to provide timely and correct traffic information to the ambulances. We propose an approach that utilizes the Adaptive Network-Based Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS) to develop the Emergency Route Guidance Systems (ERGS) that combines with real-time traffic information. The ambulances make use of the vehicle navigation systems that are connected with an automatic calling system and crumple sensor to get to the traffic accident scene in time so that the traffic victims can have more opportunity to be survive. We have prototyped an ERGS system based on ANFIS approach. Our test case utilizes the peripheral topography of hospitals in Taichung. By revising every weight parameters of ANFIS, the result shows the average error rate is below 1%. Empirical results demonstrate the error rate can be extremely low, as long as our system is provided with real road information of this area.

Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Geospatial Technologies
Disasters are unpredictable. Natural disasters such as earthquake, flood, landslide or man-made disaster such as fire, road accident can affect our life anytime. Many casualties occur during the disaster on the absence of preparedness and prevention measure. Lack of evacuation routes and the timely response to the injured people to the nearby emergency services is one of the main sources for a large number of casualties. Proper response operations must be carried out, as a slight delay can risk the lives of citizens. Since disaster cannot be mitigated, preventive measures before and after the disaster are important. Spatial data play a significant role in emergency management: preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation. A suitable network analysis aids to a smooth network and especially helps during a disaster. In this paper, Castellon network dataset is developed using validated Voluntary Geographic Information. It is developed to find the fastest route to the emergency services, especially during or after the occurrence of a disaster. Data quality assurance is performed using positional, attribute and network length check to produce efficient results. The fastest and safest route to and from the emergency services are recognized to plan safety measure during the occurrence of a disaster. The evaluation of the network by participants provides insight into the quality and use of the network in a disaster scenario. It also reveals that VGI can be used further in the preparation of a disaster prevention system for various cities.

碩士
逢甲大學
建築所
98
Although safety containment in hospitals is designed according to the building codes in Taiwan, there is a lack of considerations of different patients’ physical conditions, suitable fire escape apparatus and whether there is sufficient space in the safety containment. Moreover, if the planning of the architectural safety containment does not work together with the rescue policy of a hospital, rescue would not be achieved effectively, fire escape facilities would be useless, and fire rescue drill would be a waste of time. Do fire escape facilities and safety containment meet the needs of patients? Do nursing staffs help patients correctly and fast enough when fire occurs? What are nursing staffs’ knowledge of rescue mode, fire escape circulation and safety containment? These issues are going to be investigated in this research. The first part of the research was concentrated on the field investigation of the studied hospitals, including interview, corridors of wards, fire escape circulation and rescue mode, to find out the square footage of safety containment and locations of fire escape apparatus. The second part was to take part in fire rescue drill of the studied hospitals. Rescue mode, fire escape circulation and the use of safety containment were observed and analyzed. The third part was to conduct surveys. The questionnaire consisted of four parts – rescue policy, fire escape circulation, fire escape apparatus and the use of safety containment. Finally, the problems of fire escape in the wards were found out through crosstab analysis. The differences between rescue mode practiced by nursing staff and rescue policy made by hospital were acknowledged. And suggestions regarding to the above problems were made. The results showed that different specialties in a hospital had different needs for safety containment. Because of the action capabilities – patients in surgical specialty could walk by themselves with guarding of nursing staffs, patients in internal medicine could not - the differences and needs in each specialty had to be take into account of design of the safety containment to avoid putting patients in danger.

碩士
逢甲大學
運輸科技與管理學系
99
There are couple typhoons invading Taiwan area every summer. As usually, the typhoon always will take heavy rain and damage the mountain route. The route of mountain could be the only one axle for resident and aborigine. Take the state route No. 18 as sample, Typhoon Morokot had serious damage in 2009. Especially, landslides of STA. 71km were only 300m, and it takes 20 work days to Rehabilitation. Ali mountain Road is the one of sightsee route, landslip usually have serious influence in Recreation & Tourism Industry. Disaster rescue and emergent rehabilitation are the most important challenge for Ali Mountain branch, Directorate General of Highways. The study was focused on emergent rehabilitation in Ali Mountain Road, and the historic data of disaster were collected. The first topic was emergent rehabilitation for continuous landslip and disaster in statutory maximum repair time and minimum Machines. The optimal emergent rehabilitation would be discussed and fund. Detour Strategy would be also researched. According to results of this study, some disasters are too difficult to repair in short time, it also spent a lot budget of government, and some disasters are easy to see in very year. Base on resident and tourism, the Ali mountain route should be rehabilitated as soon as possible. The Detour Strategy would be the best option to solve this problem. In 71 km of Ali mountain route, long span bridge which like Viaduc de Millau should be best feasible option, it was worthy of further study.

碩士
國立交通大學
人文社會學系族群與文化碩士班
107
In 2016, Provincial Highway 3 was officially named as Taiwan Romantic Route 3 under a national policy outlining major Hakka cultural areas along the road. More than one-third of Taiwan’s Hakka population live along Neishan Road. Long before the government intervened, the Hakka people walked around the area, carrying produces on poles to make a living. The economy along this road was based on items for international trade (e.g., camphor and tea) and agricultural produces, with local people living in peace and contentment. Because of current agricultural, cultural, transport, recreational, and ethnic policies, the area along Neishan Road is marked by multilevel industries, operational readiness, and tourism. This study is based on the emergence theory and the space–power relationship between state and road traffic, which are used to deconstruct how Taiwan Romantic Route 3 emerged from the cause–effect relationships between national policies, the Neishan Road, and Hakka ethnicity. Furthermore, this study interprets the Hakka people’s ethnic imaginations of Taiwan Romantic Route 3 and their expectations for settling down in terms of grounded theory.

碩士
逢甲大學
建築與都市計畫所
91
Taiwan is a place where is populous and belongs to a seismic belt above. There are many earthquakes. These years, the several earthquakes had been brought dread and casualties to us. It’s very important of the function that to relieve the victims of a disaster and to prepare against natural calamities. The function of the surgical division is especially important. But the surgical division expects for the ability of earthquake-resistant and earthquake-proof, if it can’t establish a detailed project for the emergency evacuation scheme that will bring about the staff who they work in the surgical division become nervous when the earthquake happen. Therefore, it is a very complex and urgent topic that to reduce the disaster, to process the precaution and to train the staff to deal with emergency. And now the design of the surgical division, most of that pointed to the demand of medical treatment, the request of the enactment and the documents of overseas to dispose. In that, for “control infecting” that is most important and must with effect, only to adopt the conception of “Zoning”. And the passageways also develop many patterns. For example: single passageway, twin passageway, separating passageway and the nucleus of cleaning ……and so on. Although for “control infecting” that is efficacious and well done, but therefore as a result that the passageway is becoming long, the amount of passageway increased, and the passageway is becoming complex. That will make the staff and the patients hardly to flee off the surgical division. And becoming the most complex space of fleeing. This research focus on the level is higher than regional hospital of Taichung county, and the level is higher than regional hospital of Nontow county is the second. Utilizing the document analyzing method for conferring the strategy of the emergency evacuation scheme of hospital’s surgical division. According to the pattern of the passageways to divide. Analyzing the plan of function, the way of fleeing, the plan of shelter. The writer to get the information through the method of interview that in order to realize the counterplot of fleeing and relieving to disasters of the surgical division, and about the suggestion of the staff. The writer using a lot of methods that it would to make the theory more conscientious. We hope it could provide to the hospitals as accordance. The process in this research, the affiliation by interview to the surgical division staff discusses asks the volume with the cognition the investigation, on the one hand to collecting correlation the present situation material and the literature performs to compare the analysis, on the other hand from asks in the volume investigates the present surgical division staff regarding guards against, the disaster relief system cognition and the surgical division escapes seeks asylum moves the on-line question, urges the surgical division staff or making correlation strain specific energy value this one gravity and the solution way plan, urges to be able as fast as possible the establishment to be appropriate also the comprehensive surgical division urgent emergency measure, by because of should disaster crisis processing, and the hope affiliation from this the research conclusion and the suggestion, Provides the hospital surgical division which will construct for the at present or the future does the reference, will cause the surgical division to have the whole escapes seeks asylum the generatrix with guards against, the disaster relief system, and the increase staff urgent strain and the sickness urgently will evacuate the ability, the surgical division occurs after the disaster still has ability and the strain countermeasure the continuation medical service and so on, will let the surgical division the staff or the sickness is arrived the deep one safeguard.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2006.
Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-07, Section: B, page: 3964. Adviser: James M. LaFave. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 251-256) Available on microfilm from Pro Quest Information and Learning.

The prolonged wait times may arguably put into question the Canadian Health Act of 1984. Statistics show throughput wait times are 5.5 hours and output wait times for admitted patients are 32.4 hours. After probing and analyzing best practices through a qualitative/quantitative Value Stream Mapping and a qualitative SWOT Analysis; Team Triage and an Overcapacity Protocol is suggested to improve non-admitted patients wait times by 1.89 hours and admitted patients wait times by 16 hours by eliminating wasteful steps in the patient process and upon overcapacity, effectively sharing already stabilized and admitted patients with all wards in the hospital.
NSBE - UNL

博士
逢甲大學
土木及水利工程博士學位學程
101
In this study, the typological building fragility curves are developed base on the complete building damage records collected after the 1999 Chi-Chi Earthquake in Taiwan. These fragility curves are further applied in selecting routes and planning network of urban emergency earthquake. An aspect of the building fragility curves, a grid-based clustering maximum likelihood estimate (grid-based method), in combination with a grid-based cluster analysis procedure and with a novel maximum likelihood estimate, is proposed to derive fragility curves for 16 building typologies in Taiwan. This new grid-based method generates lower-deviation vulnerability data for reducing the dispersion of datasets than does the traditional district-based method. The proposed grid-based method has three analysis models, including binomial distribution, multinomial distribution (Method 1), and multinomial distribution with a common log-standard deviation (Method 2). The results of the grid-based method show that: (1) the fragility curves are more stable, unsusceptible, and convergent than those from the district-based method; (2) the fragility curves can reasonably expressed vulnerability of buildings thus applicable to the development of building fragility curves for wide-regional damage records; (3) Method 2 provides a more reasonable vulnerability of building thus the common log-standard deviation is a better choice to derive the empirical fragility curves; (4) the fragility curves have acceptable prediction performance even though only two levels of damage in the 1999 Chi-Chi Earthquake. Above results demonstrate that the developed fragility curves can reasonably be implemented for estimating earthquake loss and assessing seismic risk in the future. An aspect of the emergency earthquake routes, a road seismic vulnerability curves analysis is proposed to express the exceeding probability of the road-section block as a function of a specific earthquake intensity measure. The road seismic vulnerability curves are further using in analysis of low disruption risk for emergency earthquake routes (Low-DREER), in combination with road-section block risk analysis and with network analysis. The results of the road seismic vulnerability curves show that: (1) the road-sections with different buildings have different vulnerabilities of road-section block which related the composition of the number of buildings and its typologies; (2) the more number of buildings induced higher and rapidly increasing vulnerabilities of road-section block. An aspect of Low-DREER, the proposed accumulative route risk values can appropriately describe routes disruption risk, which caused by probable road-section block risk induced from the earthquake-induced building collapse. The results of Low-DREER show that a disaster prevention region should have a Primary Low-DREER which has a lowest accumulative route risk values and is able to communicate outside the access road intersections. Finally, the former metropolitan area in Taichung as a case study, the study proposes a method of bi-stage selection for earthquake emergency network. For urban earthquake emergency network in future, the method can be used in selecting primary earthquake emergency routes and applied in suitability assessment of the various types of disaster prevention facility.

碩士
國立臺北科技大學
建築與都市設計研究所
98
Cram schools have long become an integral part of the educational system in Taiwan. The Taipei Railway Station area has the highest density of crams schools in the country offering more than a dozen different types of subject areas and skills training. However, many of the students are “crammed” into small classrooms, and there are instances where multiple schools are located in the same building, which could be hazardous in an emergency situation. The objective of this research is to study the evacuation routes and the equipments used during an emergency situation in cram schools. The sample covered in this research includes 50 middle school / high school level cram schools situated in the Taipei Railway Station vicinity established between July 1966 and December 2009. All of the cram schools in the sample have legally registered with the Taipei City Bureau of Education. The method of research includes questionnaire surveys, professional interviews, onsite investigation, and safety equipment performance validation. This research also further studies actual cases to examine the safety performance of cram schools. In two of the four cases, the evacuation time was over 40 minutes during an emergency situation, which could potentially cause severe casualties. The research concludes and recommends the following to improve emergency evacuation: 1. Establish the position of fire marshal at all of the cram schools, 2. Complete emergency evacuation plan, 3. Increase net-width of entrance/exist doorway, 4. Establish separate evacuation routes, and 5. Reduce maximum occupancy at each location This research hopes to provide government, cram school owners and researchers recommendations to improve emergency evacuation performance of cram schools, under the premise of complying with building safety codes.