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Vassallo, James M. A. "Major incident triage: development and validation of a modified primary triage tool." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29232.
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Introduction
A key principle in the effective management of a major incident is triage, prioritising patients on the basis of their clinical acuity. However, existing methods of primary major incident triage demonstrate poor performance at identifying the Priority One patient in need of a life-saving intervention. The aim of this thesis was to derive an improved triage tool.
Methods
The first part of the thesis defined what constitutes a life-saving intervention. Then using a retrospective military cohort, the optimum physiological thresholds for identifying the need for life-saving intervention were determined; the combination of which was used to define the Modified Physiological Triage Tool (MPTT). The MPTT was validated using a large civilian trauma database and a prospective military cohort. Subsequently, to describe the safety profile of the MPTT, an analysis of the implications of under-triage was undertaken. Finally, pragmatic changes were made to the MPTT (MPTT-24) - in order to provide a more useable method of primary triage. Statistical analysis was conducted using sensitivities and specificities, with triage tool performance compared using a McNemar test.
Results
32 interventions were considered life-saving and the optimum physiological thresholds to identify these were a GCS <14, 12 < RR <22 and a HR < 100. Within both the military and civilian populations, the MPTT outperformed all existing methods of triage with the greatest sensitivity and lowest rates of under-triage, but at the expense of over-triage. Applying pragmatic changes, the MPTT-24 had comparable performance to the MPTT and continued to outperform existing methods.
Conclusion
The priority of primary major incident triage is to identify patients in need of life-saving intervention and to minimise under-triage. Fulfilling these priorities, the MPTT-24 outperforms existing methods of triage and its use is recommended as an alternative to existing methods of primary major incident triage. The MPTT-24 also offers a theoretical reduction in time required to triage and uses a simplified conscious level assessment, thus allowing it to be used by less experienced providers.
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Martín, Campillo Abraham. "Triage applications and communications in emergency scenarios." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/117616.
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El triatge de víctimes és una de les primeres i més importants tasques a realitzar en arribar a un escenari d'emergència. Aquest procés prioritza l'atenció mèdica a les víctima en base al nivell de les seves lesions. Aquest procés és molt important per a una assignació de recursos eficient i eficaç, sobretot en emergències de gran abast amb un gran nombre de víctimes. El procés de classificació de víctimes tradicional utilitza etiquetes de triatge com a indicador de l'estat de la víctima, una solució que comporta alguns inconvenients: Els metges han d'acostar-se a la víctima per veure el seu estat en l'etiqueta de paper, la pèrdua de l'etiqueta de triatge, etc. Avui dia, la informatització de les etiquetes de classificació és essencial per a una coordinació i atenció a les víctimes més ràpida. No obstant això, els escenaris d'emergència usualment es caracteritzen per la falta de xarxes sense fils disponibles per al seu ús. Xarxes sense fils basades en infraestructura com les xarxes de telefonia mòbil o les xarxes Wi-Fi solen destruir-se o saturar-se a causa d'un gran intent d'utilització o per la mateixa naturalesa de l'emergència. Algunes solucions proposen l'ús de sensors i la creació d'una xarxa de sensors sense fils per transmetre l'estat i la posició de les víctimes o el desplegament de repetidors per crear una MANET completament connectada. No obstant això, en grans emergències, això pot no ser possible a causa de l'extensió d'aquesta o pot no ser viable a causa del temps requerit per desplegar els repetidors. Aquesta tesi analitza les situacions d'emergència des del punt de vista de xarxes i comunicacions. Es proposa un sistema per a la classificació electrònica de víctimes fins i tot en casos sense cap tipus de xarxa disponible gràcies a la utilització de xarxes oportunistes i agents mòbils. També s'analitza el rendiment dels protocols de forwarding a les zones de desastre i es proposen algunes millores per reduir el consum d'energia.<br>El triaje de víctimas es una de las primeras y más importantes tareas al llegar a un escenario de emergencia. Este proceso prioriza la atención médica a las víctima en base al nivel de sus lesiones. Este proceso es muy importante para una asignación de recursos eficiente y eficaz, sobretodo en emergencias de gran abasto con un gran número de víctimas. El proceso de clasificación de víctimas tradicional utiliza etiquetas de triaje como indicador del estado de la víctima, una solución que con algunos inconvenientes: Los médicos tienen que acercarse a la víctima para ver su estado en la etiqueta de papel, la pérdida de la etiqueta de triaje, etc. Hoy en día, la informatización de las etiquetas de clasificación es esencial para una coordinación y atención a las víctimas más rápida. Sin embargo, los escenarios de emergencia usualmente se caracterizan por la falta de redes inalámbricas disponibles para su uso. Redes inalámbricas basadas en infraestructura como las redes de telefonía móvil o las redes Wi-Fi suelen destruirse o saturarse debido un gran intento de utilización o a la misma naturaleza de la emergencia. Algunas soluciones proponen el uso de sensores y la creación de una red de sensores inalámbricos para transmitir el estado y la posición de las víctimas o el despliegue de repetidores para crear una MANET completamente conectada. Sin embargo, en grandes emergencias, esto puede no ser posible debido a la extensión de esta o puede no ser viable debido al tiempo requerido para desplegar los repetidores. Esta tesis analiza las situaciones de emergencia desde el punto de vista de redes y comunicaciones. Se propone un sistema para la clasificación electrónica de víctimas incluso en casos sin ningún tipo de red disponible gracias a la utilización de redes oportunistas y agentes móviles. También se analiza el rendimiento de los protocolos de forwarding en las zonas de desastre y se proponen algunas mejoras para reducir el consumo de energía.<br>Triaging victims is the first and foremost task in an emergency scenario. This process priorizes victim's attention based on their injuries, very important for an efficient and effective resource allocation in mass casualty incidents which large amount of victims. Traditional triage process used paper triage tags as victim's injury level indicator, a solution that had some drawbacks: first responder had to go to the each victim to see their injury level on the paper triage tag, loss of the triage tag, etc. On today emergencies, an electronic triage tag is essential for a faster coordination and attention to victims. However, emergency scenarios are usually characterized by the lack of wireless networks to rely on. Infrastructure based wireless networks as mobile phone networks or Wi-Fi networks are usually destroyed or overused due to the very nature of the emergency. Some solutions propose the use of sensors, creating a wireless sensor networks to transmit the injury level and position of the victim or deploying repeaters to create a fully connected MANET. However, in large emergencies this may not be possible and the time required to deploy all the repeaters could be not worth. This thesis analyses emergencies from the communication point of view. It proposes a system for the electronic triage of victims and emergency management to work even in worst cases scenarios from the network communications perspective thanks to the use of opportunistic networks and mobile agents. It also analyses the performance of several forwarding protocols in disaster areas and proposes some improvements to reduce energy consumption.
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Wilson, Merna Akram. "Triage Template to Improve Emergency Department Flow." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1622280768033809.
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Zhao, Lijuan. "Advanced Triage Protocols in the Emergency Department." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3649.
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Overcrowded emergency departments (EDs) are a major problem in the United States resulting in inefficiency in operation and performance. A Southern California hospital ED was the site for this project because it had operated over its maximum capacity during the last decade. Advanced triage protocols integrating standard order sets were implemented to improve quality of care; however, no evaluation of the protocols had been done. The purpose of this project was to evaluate the effect of the advanced triage protocols. Two project questions determined whether advanced triage protocols reduced ED length of stay (LOS), number of patients who left without being seen (LWBS), and improved patient experience. The Lean Principles and the Plan-Do-Study-Act Model for Improvement were used to guide the project. A pre- and post-implementation design found that ED LOS had a significant 17-minute decrease for ESI Level 3 patients (225.7 -± 8.6 minutes vs. 208.8 -± 6.9 minutes, p = .002), and significant 13- minute decrease for ESI Level 4 patients (146.5 -± 1.6 minutes vs. 133.5 -± 1.5 minutes, p =.001). For the ED rate of patients who LWBS, no statistically significant difference was seen between pre- and post- implementation (41/575, 7.13% vs. 46/611, 7.52%). Satisfaction scores were improved by more than 10% after implementation. The advanced triage protocols enhanced front-end throughput operations and patient experience within the ED by allowing triage nurses to initiate orders and begin pain medication. Delivering timely and efficient care to meet various patients' needs has the potential for a positive social change through improved health care outcomes; perception of care; and trust between patients, providers, and the health care system.
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Sekandari, Zohib, and Shahin Saleh. "Emergency Department Triage Prediction of Emergency Severity Index using Machine Learning Models." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-259402.
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Study Objective: The emergency department (ED) in the United States strongly rely on subjective assessment of patients. This study seeks to evaluate an electronic triage system based on machine learning models that can predict the patients emergency severity index (ESI). Methods: A dataset containing 560 486 patients triage data was investigated.Three different machine learning models was tested and evaluated. A crossvalidation table and a confusion matrix was conducted from each of the models. The precision rate, recall rate and f1-score were calculated and reported. Result: The Gradient Boosting model returned an accuracy rate of 68%. The random forest model returned an accuracy rate of 66%. The Gaussian Naive Bayesmodel returned an accuracy rate of 25%. Conclusion: The model that best predicted the ESI-level is the GradientBoosting model. Further testing is needed with better computational power since we could not train our model with the whole dataset.<br>Syfte: Akutmottagningen i USA förlitar sig kraftigt på en subjektiv värdering av patienter. Denna studie söker efter att evaluera ett elektronisk triage systembaserad på maskininlärningsmodeller som kan förutse patienters ESI. Metod: Ett data set som innehåller 560 486 patienters triage data har undersökts. Tre olika maskininlärningsmodeller har testats och evaluerats. En cross validation tabell och en confusion matrix har skapats för varje modell. Precision, recall och f1 värde har kalkylerats och rapporterats. Resultat: Gradient Boosting modellen har returnerat ett accuracy värde av 68%. Random Forest modellen har returnerat ett accuracy värde av 66%. Gaussian Naive Bayes modellen har returnerat ett accuracy värde av 25%. Slutsats: Modellen som har bäst förutsett ESI nivåerna är Gradient Boostingmodellen. Flera tester behövs med starkare beräkningskraft då vi inte kunde träna vår modell med hela datasetet.
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Benner, Myron, and L. Lee Glenn. "Measurement Validity of Pediatric Emergency Department Rapid Triage." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7481.
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Excerpt: The study by Doyle et al1 concluded that “Implementing rapid triage and fast track guidelines can affect nurse-sensitive patient outcomes related to safety and care delivery in a pediatric emergency department,” but the support for the conclusions was weak because of 2 shortcomings: (1) the authors did not use a side-by-side control group, and (2) the findings can be explained by the Hawthorne effect.
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Kamali, Behrooz. "Decision Support for Casualty Triage in Emergency Response." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/79817.
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Mass-casualty incidents (MCI) cause a sudden increase in demand of medical resources in a region. The most important and challenging task in addressing an MCI is managing overwhelmed resources with the goal of increasing total number of survivors. Currently, most of the decisions following an MCI are made in an ad-hoc manner or by following static guidelines that do not account for amount of available resources and number of the casualties. The purpose of this dissertation is to introduce and analyze sophisticated service prioritization and resource allocation tools. These tools can be used to produce service order strategies that increase the overall number of survivors. There are several models proposed that account for number and mix of the casualties, and amount and type of the resources available. Large number of the elements involved in this problem makes the model very complex, and thus, in order to gain some insights into the structure of the optimal solutions, some of the proposed models are developed under simplifying assumptions. These assumptions include limitations on the number of casualty types, handling of deaths, servers, and types of resources. Under these assumptions several characteristics of the optimal policies are identified, and optimal algorithms for various scenarios are developed. We also develop an integrated model that addresses service order, transportation, and hospital selection. A comprehensive set of computational results and comparison with the related works in the literature are provided in order to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed methodologies.<br>Ph. D.
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Östlund, Charlotte, and Ida Åhlin. "Triage på akutmottagning : Sjuksköterskors upplevelser av nuvarande triagemodell." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-112464.
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<p>To sort, is the meaning of the word “triage”. Triage is used at emergency departments to facilitate prioritization of patients according to the urgency of the chief complaint.<em> </em>The aim of this study was to investigate how the nurses experience the triage model at the emergency department at Uppsala university hospital.</p><p>Twelve nurses were interviewed. The mean age was 40 years and the mean work experience was three years and four months. An interview guide was used, consisting of questions about triage, collaboration and work situation.</p><p>The nurses perceived that triage supports assessment and prioritization of patients. Different triage models were used depending on the nurses’ level of triage-education, which was perceived as problematic. The nurses perceived safety when triage was performed together with the physician. The level of collaboration, between the nurses and the physicians, was experienced to be person-dependent. The importance of good communication between nurses and physicians were highlighted.</p><p>Triage supports the assessment and prioritization of patients.<strong> </strong>A standardized triage model would increase the quality of care. The collaboration between nurses and physicians could be improved if they receive the same information and education about triage. Improved communication will facilitate the collaboration. Physicians should participate in the triage process.</p>
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Göransson, Katarina. "Registered nurse-led emergency department triage : organisation, allocation of acuity ratings and triage decision making." Doctoral thesis, Örebro University, Department of Health Sciences, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-732.
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<p>Successful triage is the basis for sound emergency department (ED) care, whereas unsuccessful triage could result in adverse outcomes. ED triage is a rather unexplored area in the Swedish health care system. This thesis contributes to our understanding of this complex nursing task. The main focus of this study has been on the organisation, performance, and decision making in Swedish ED triage. Specific aims were to describe the Swedish ED triage context, describe and compare registered nurses’ (RNs) allocation of acuity ratings, use of thinking strategies and the way they structure the ED triage process.</p><p>In this descriptive, comparative, and correlative research project quantitative and qualitative data were collected using telephone interviews, patient scenarios and think aloud method. Both convenience and purposeful sampling were used when identifying the participating 69 nurse managers and 423 RNs from various types of hospital-based EDs throughout the country.</p><p>The results showed national variation, both in the way triage was organised and in the way it was conducted. From an organisational perspective, the variation emerged in several areas: the use of various triageurs, designated triage nurses, and triage scales. Variation was also noted in the accuracy and concordance of allocated acuity ratings. Statistical methods provided limited explanations for these variations, suggesting that RNs’ clinical experience might have some affect on the RNs’ triage accuracy. The project identified several thinking strategies used by the RNs, indicating that the RNs, amongst other things, searched for additional information, generated hypotheses about the fictitious patients and provided explanations for the interventions chosen. The RNs formed relationships between their interventions and the fictitious patients’ symptoms. The RNs structured the triage process in several ways, beginning the process by searching for information, generating hypotheses, or allocating acuity ratings. Comparison of RNs’ use of thinking strategies and the structure of the triage process based on triage accuracy revealed only slight differences.</p><p>The findings in this dissertation indicate that the way a patient is triaged, and by whom, depends upon the particular organisation of the ED. Moreover, the large variation in RNs triage accuracy and the inter-rater agreement and concordance of the allocated acuity ratings suggest that the acuity rating allocated to a patient may vary considerably, depending on who does the allocation. That neither clinical experience nor the RNs’ decision-making processes alone can explain the variations in the RNs triage accuracy indicates that accuracy might be influenced by individual and contextual factors. Future studies investigating triage accuracy are recommended to be carried out in natural settings.</p><p>In conclusion, Swedish ED triage is permeated by diversity, both in its organisation and in its performance. The reasons for these variations are not well understood.</p>
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Göransson, Katarina. "Registered nurse-led emergency department triage : organisation, allocation of acuity ratings and triage decision making /." Örebro : Hälsovetenskapliga institutionen, Örebro universitet, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-732.
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Kanegane, Kazue. "Tradução para o português e validação de instrumento para triagem de pacientes \"Manchester Triage System\" (MTS) e adaptação para o Setor de Urgência Odontológica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23147/tde-06032012-163954/.
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A triagem de emergência tem como objetivo dar prioridade aos pacientes mais graves e melhorar a prestação do serviço de emergência, garantindo atendimento no momento adequado, melhor fluxo e segurança. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram traduzir e validar a parte referente às emergências odontológicas do instrumento para triagem de emergência Manchester Triage System (MTS) na língua portuguesa, avaliar a confiabilidade interobservadores e o impacto da aplicação do MTS no Setor de Urgência Odontológica da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo. O MTS foi traduzido através do método padrão de tradução/ retrotradução. A versão foi submetida à validação semântica e idiomática e também conceitual e cultural, feita por um comitê de juízes. Em ambas, a concordância final observada após os ajustes realizados foi superior a 80%. Na concordância interobservadores, 200 pacientes participaram das entrevistas realizadas por 2 voluntários independentes com conhecimentos em odontologia e a pesquisadora. Os coeficientes kappa foram de 0.58 e 0.60. Inicialmente foram entrevistados 120 pacientes sem a aplicação do MTS e em seguida 139 pacientes categorizados de acordo com a prioridade clínica. Houve diminuição no tempo médio de espera para atendimento, de 79.96 min para 36.86 min (Mann-Whitney (MW), p=0.00) e aumento do tempo médio de duração do atendimento, de 29.11 min para 34.78 min (MW, p=0.05). Dentre os pacientes categorizados segundo o MTS, os não-urgentes eram mais velhos (MW, p=0.01), tiveram menor duração de atendimento (MW, p=0.00) e menor intensidade de dor (MW, p=0.00). A versão traduzida e validada do MTS mostrou-se adequada e sua aplicação e útil no atendimento de pacientes do Setor.<br>The emergency triage aims to assign clinical priority to the patients and to improve emergency services, ensuring attendance at the right time, better patient flow and safety. The objectives of this study were to translate and validate part of the Manchester Triage System (MTS) related to dental emergency in Portuguese, to assess the inter-rater reliability and to evaluate the impact of implementation of triage at Setor de Urgência Odontológica of Faculdade da Odontologia of Universidade de São Paulo. The MTS was translated using the standard translation/ back-translation method. The instrument was then submitted to semantic and idiomatic validation, as well as conceptual and cultural validation by a committee of judges. In both, the final concordance after the adjustments was higher than 80%. In the inter-rater agreement, 200 patients were interviewed by two independent volunteers with some knowledge of dentistry and the researcher. The kappa coefficients were 0.58 and 0.60. Then 120 patients were interviewed without the application of the MTS and 139 patients were categorized according to their clinical priority. There was a reduction in the mean waiting time, from 79.96 min to 36.86 min (Mann-Whitney test (MW), p=0.00) and an increase in the mean of treatment duration, from 29.11 min to 34.78 min (MW, p=0.05). Among triaged patients, the non-urgent were older (MW, p=0.01), had shorter duration of treatment (MW, p=0.00) and lower pain intensity (MW, p=0.00). The translated and validated version of the MTS showed to be appropriate and useful in categorization of patients with dental emergencies in this setting.
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Wagner, Wolfgang. "Implementierung einer "Triage und Ersteinschätzung von Patienten"." Bachelor's thesis, Dresden International University, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-130625.
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Hintergrund: Triage und Ersteinschätzung von Patienten in der Krankenhaus-Notaufnahme als Instrument der Prozeßgestaltung. Übersicht: In den vergangenen Jahren zeigte sich deutschlandweit ein Trend. Die Versorgung von Patienten in den Notaufnahmen der Krankenhäuser erlangt eine immer größere Bedeutung. Bedeutendste Ressource in der Notaufnahme ist die ärztliche Arbeit. Diagnosestellung und Festlegung der Therapie sind die wesentlichen Leistungen. Es ist entscheidend, die Prozessqualität am Punkt des Erstkontaktes des Notfallpatienten mit dem Krankenhaus zu verbessern. Das Universitätsklinikum Dresden eröffnete 2012 mit der Konservativen Notaufnahme (KNA-S1) eine neue, interdisziplinäre Funktionsstelle. Organisatorische Intervention war die Entlastung und Steuerung der Ressource „Arbeitszeit Arzt“. Es wurde das Manchester Triage System als Steuerungsinstrument implementiert mit den Zielen: • Optimale Nutzung der Infrastruktur • Neu definierter und verbesserter Ablauf der Integration von Notfallpatienten in den Behandlungsprozeß und den Geschäftsprozeß des UKD. • Entwicklung von Handlungsempfehlungen für das Pflegepersonal für Maßnahmen am Patienten vor Arztkontakt Schlussfolgerungen: Die strukturierte Ersteinschätzung von Patienten ist ein zielführendes Instrument, um den organisatorischen Reifegrad des Workflows in der Notaufnahme zu erhöhen. Auf dieser Grundlage entwickelte Handlungsempfehlungen für das Pflegepersonal schaffen für Patienten, Ärzte und Pflegepersonal ein optimiertes, Risiko-reduziertes Umfeld<br>Background: Triage and initial assessment of patients in Emergency Departments as organizational tool for process improvement. Summary: A trend occurred throughout Germany during the past years. Hospital Emergency Departments achieve increasing importance in patient care. Crucial resource in the ED is physician´s work and authority for diagnosis and therapy. It is important to improve process quality at the point of emergency patient´s first contact to hospital. In 2012 University Hospital Dresden established a new interdisciplinary infrastructure in emergency care for medical and neurological patients (KNA-S1). Organizational intervention has been to relieve and control workload and schedule of the physicians. The Manchester Triage System was implemented as instrument for process control aiming: • Optimized utilization of resources • improved workflow of how emergency patients are introduced into treatment and hospital workflow • Development of guidelines for nursing staff to accomplish appropriate procedures on patients before seeing the physician first Conclusion: Operating an initial assessment on emergency patients leads to improvement of quality and proficiency throughout the operating procedures of an Emergency Department. Guidelines for nursing staff on this foundation will create an optimized and risk reduced environment for patients, physicians and all medical professionals in the ED
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Sprivulis, Peter Carl. "Evaluation of the prehospital utilisation of the Australasian Triage Scale /." Connect to this title, 2003. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2004.0055.
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Edwards, Bernard. "The process of nurse triage : a grounded theory exploration." Thesis, London South Bank University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288107.
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Oscarsson, Susanne. "Triage av barn på akutmottagning." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-16474.
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Beslutsprocessen vid triage är komplex och triageprocessen bör utföras noggrant. Vid akuta situationer måste snabba beslut tas, oftast med lite information. Det ska under kort tid samlas in data genom observation, frågor och kontroll av vitalparametrar. Syftet med studien var att belysa faktorer som påverkar sjuksköterskans triagering av barn på akutmottagning. Studien genomfördes som en litteraturstudie där 13 vetenskapliga artiklar analyserades. I resultatet framkom fyra kategorier: kompetens och erfarenhet hos sjuksköterskan vid triagering av barn, faktorer relaterat till barn och vitalparametrar vid triagering av barn, sjusköterskans kommunikation med barn och närstående vid triagering och beslutsstöd i form av triagesystem. Kontrollen av vitalparametrarna är en grund i triagering men den kan utgöra en otillförlitlig bas för en korrekt triagebedömning. Stor utmaning är i att identifiera avvikande vitalparametrar och ha kunskap om utveckling och beteende relaterat till barnets utvecklingsnivå. Triagering av barn ställer speciella krav på triagesjuksköterskan och på de triagesystem som används. Genom att tydliggöra sjuksköterskans kunskap och skapa en förståelse kring triagering av barn uppmärksammas barnets behov. Vårdverksamheten behöver satsa på utbildning och utveckling av ett triagesystem för barn för att öka patientsäkerheten. Ytterligare forskning behövs om vilka faktorer som påverkar sjuksköterskan i bedömningen av det sjuka barnet.<br>To make a triage decision is a complex process that should be conducted carefully. In emergency situations quick decisions must be made, often with little information about the patient. In a short time information about the patient should be collected through observation, questioning and monitoring of vital parameters. The purpose of this study was to elucidate factors that influence the nurse in the triage process of children in the emergency department. The study was conducted as a literature study in which 13 scientific articles were analyzed. The result revealed four categories: skills and experience of the nurse in triaging children, factors related to children and vital parameters in triaging children, the communication between the nurse and the child and relatives during triaging, decision support in form of a triage system. Monitoring of vital parameters sets the ground to the triage decision but it can be an unreliable basis for an accurate triage assessment. A major challenge is to identify abnormal vital parameters and to understand the development and behavior related to the child’s level of development. Triaging of children puts special demands on the triage nurse and the triage system that is used. By elucidating the nurse’s knowledge and by creating an understanding of triaging of children, more attention is drawn to the needs of the child. Health care institutions need to invest in education and development of triage systems for children to improve patient safety. Further research is needed on which factors that affect the nurse in the assessment of the sick child.
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Anderson, Megan Lynnell. "Reducing Door-to-Provider Times by Using Nurse Practitioners in Triage." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6964.
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Increased patient wait times it the emergency department (ED) have been linked to poor patient outcomes and adverse health care events. The purpose of this quality improvement project was to determine if placing a nurse practitioner (NP) in the triage area would reduce door-to-provider times and improve patient throughput within the ED. The primary question for this quality improvement project was whether the use of NPs in the triage area would improve patient throughput and decrease wait times in the ED. A secondary question identified was if implementing an NP in the triage area would decrease patient length of stay in the ED. Rogers's diffusion of innovations model was used as a theoretical framework for the project. To evaluate the improvement in patient throughput in the ED, data were gathered for 12 months prior to and 12 months after the placement of an NP in the triage area. Data collection included door-to-provider times and door-to-discharge times. Analysis of the data using independent t tests showed no statistically significant reduction in door-to-provider times (p = .278) or overall lengths of stay in the ED (p = .235). There was an overall reduction in door-to-provider times of 11% and a 5% reduction in door-to-discharge times during the intervention. The implications of this project for social change include evidence that NPs are beneficial to the ED when used in the triage area. Based on the findings of this quality improvement project, it is recommended that an NP be placed in the triage area to decrease door-to-provider and door-to-discharge times, and to continue to improve the culture of the ED team to promote the use of NPs within the ED.
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Fry, Margaret. "Triage Nursing Practice in Australian Emergency Departments 2002-2004: An Ethnography." University of Sydney, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/701.
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This ethnographic study provides insight and understanding, which is needed to educate and support the Triage Nursing role in Australian Emergency Departments (EDs). The triage role has emerged to address issues in providing efficient emergency care. However, Triage Nurses and educators have found the role challenging and not well understood. Method: Sampling was done first by developing a profile of 900 nurses who undertake the triage role in 50 NSW EDs through survey techniques. Purposive sampling was then done with data collected from participant observation in four metropolitan EDs (Level 4 and 6), observations and interviews with 10 Triage Nurses and the maintenance of a record of secondary data sources. Analysis used standard content and thematic analysis techniques. Findings: An ED culture is reflected in a standard geography of care and embedded beliefs and rituals that sustain a cadence of care. Triage Nurses to accomplish their role and maintain this rhythm of care used three processes: gatekeeping, timekeeping and decision-making. When patient overcrowding occurred the three processes enabled Triage Nurses to implement a range of practices to restore the cadence of care to which they were culturally oriented. Conclusion: The findings provide a framework that offers new ways of considering triage nursing practice, educational programs, policy development and future research.
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Fry, Margaret Mary. "Triage nursing practice in Australian emergency departments 2002-2004 an ethnography /." Connect to full text, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/701.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2005.<br>Title from title screen (viewed 19 May 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Dept. of Family and Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing. Degree awarded 2005; thesis submitted 2004. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.
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Abdulwahid, Maysam. "Senior doctor triage and emergency department performance : a mixed methods study." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/20166/.
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Charles-Hanmer, Mary-Margaret. "ED Triage Chest Pain Protocol." Mount St. Joseph University Dept. of Nursing / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=msjdn1619697945080865.
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Forde, Colin Ainsworth. "Emergency Medicine Triage as the Intersection of Storytelling, Decision-Making, and Dramaturgy." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5354.
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This dissertation presents a comprehensive qualitative study of the decision-making aspects of emergency department (ED) triage at a large urban Trauma I hospital in the Southeast. Specifically, this study addresses the following research questions: (1) What do triage nurses perceive as the primary role of the triage process? (2) How do triage nurses interpret patient performances? These questions are explored through illuminating the intricacies of triage decision-making by the use of semi-structured interviews and observations.
The findings of this study indicate: (1) a better understanding of the triage decision- making process yielding more practical insights related to the informal, emergent, and often improvisational ways patients are received, categorized, and treated was needed, and (2) providing a clearer understanding of the processes involved in sorting patients may provide much-needed insight regarding clinical concerns and/or issues regarding patient categorization, adverse clinical events, and excessive patient wait times. These findings are of particular importance due to the widespread overuse of EDs for nonemergent care. Essentially, EDs are designed for patients to visit due to an alteration in their physical and/or mental state. Once a patient enters the ED, a medical professional is tasked with the responsibility of interpreting the physical and/or mental state of the patient, which is generally achieved by interpreting the patient story - the precipitating event that brought them into the ED. What this study contributes to the literature is a deeper understanding of the communicative processes that ED triage nurses leverage to make sense of patient stories.
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Opiro, Keneth. "Assessment of hospital-based adult triage at emergency receiving areas in hospitals in Northern Uganda." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/23746.
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Background: Limited health service resources must be used in a manner which does "the most for the most". This is partly achieved through the use of a triage system, but health workers must understand it, and it must be used routinely. Whereas efforts have been made to introduce paediatric triage in Uganda, such as Emergency Triage Assessment and Treatment Plus (ETAT+), there is no unified adult triage system being used in Uganda, and it is not clear if hospitals have local protocols being used in each setting. There are limited data on adult triage systems in Uganda. This study aimed at determining how adult hospital-based triage is performed in hospitals in northern Uganda. Methodology: This was a descriptive study. Allocating numbers to the three sub-regions in the northern region, and using a random number generator, we randomly selected the Acholi sub-region for the study. The study was conducted in 6 of the 7 hospitals in the region - one hospital declined to grant permission for the research. It was a written questionnaire survey under supervision of the investigator. In each hospital, at least one representative of nurses in various duty shifts (night, morning and evening shifts), the nursing in-charge/leader, at least one doctor (head of department or any doctor on duty, if available) and a clinical officer (physician assistant, if available), making a minimum of 5-6 study participants who were health professional staff working in emergency receiving areas from each hospital consented and participated in the study. Results: Thirty-three participants from 6 hospitals including 5 doctors, 4 physician assistants, 11 registered nurses, 9 enrolled nurses and 4 nursing assistants consented and participated in the study. Experience of staff working in emergency receiving areas varied with 15(45.5%) greater than 2 years, 7(21.2%) 1-2 years, 5(15.2%) 6 - <12 months and 6(18.2%) for less than 6 months. Only one hospital (16.7%) of the 6 hospitals surveyed had a formal adult hospital-based triage protocol in place. The triage guide/protocol/charts were kept in drawers, had 3 colours - red, yellow and green. Staff rated it as "good", and all staff acknowledged the need to improve it. Only 2 (33.3%) hospitals had an allocated emergency department, the rest receive emergency patients/perform triage from Out Patient Department (OPD) and wards. Lack of training, variation of triage protocols from hospital to another, shortage of staff on duty, absence of national guidelines on triage and poor administrative support were the major barriers to improving/developing formal triage in all these hospitals. Conclusion: Formal adult, hospital-based triage is widely lacking in northern Uganda, and staff do perform subjective "eyeball" judgments to make triage decisions. Most hospitals do not have specifically allocated emergency department which risks disorganization in the flow of patients, crowding and consequently worse patient outcomes.
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Jansson, Eva. "Rapid emergency triage and treatment system (RETTS): Test av interbedömarreliabilitet -En pilotstudie." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap och medicin, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-24129.
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Inledning: Syftet med föreliggande studie var att testa interbedömarreliabiliteten för det i Sverige vanligaste triageinstrumentet Rapid Emergency Triage and Treatment System (RETTS). Instrumentet består av 42 kontaktorsaker (ESS) som kombinerat med mätta vitalparametrar, t.ex. blodtryck och puls, ger en triagefärg. För att kunna bedriva evidensbaserad omvårdnad krävs att instrument, skalor och metoder är valida och reliabla. Statens beredning för medicinsk utvärdering anser att RETTS saknar både validitets- och reliabilitetsdata. Metod: Två ESS från instrumentet valdes. De berör två av de vanligaste sökorsakerna på en akutmottagning, bröst- respektive buksmärta. Två akutsjuksköterskor bedömde 24 patientsimulatorfall vardera. Resultat: ESS för bröstsmärta visade linjärt viktad kappavärde 0,79 (95 % CI 0,57-1). Med kvadratiskt viktad kappa var resultatet 0,89. Procentuell överensstämmelse var 75 %. ESS för buksmärta visade linjärt viktad kappavärde 0,84 (95 % CI, 0,67-1). Med kvadratiskt viktad kappa var resultatet 0,93. Procentuell överensstämmelse var 75 %. Konklusion: För att möjliggöra evidensbaserad omvårdnad måste skalor, metoder och instrument vara valida och reliabla. Föreliggande studie visar att ESS som handlar om bröst- respektive buksmärta har en god till mycket god interbedömarreliabilitet. Metoden kan appliceras på RETTS samtliga ESS för att på så sätt testa både enskilda ESS och hela instrumentets interbedömarreliabilitet.
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Ciesielski, Gail Lea. "Clinical Indicators of Urosepsis: A Retrospective Study of Geriatric Emergency Department Admissions." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195510.
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Elderly patients make up a disproportionately high proportion of emergency department visits and represent a high-risk sub group for urosepsis. As a component of the geriatric syndrome, acutely ill patients will often present to triage lacking the cardinal signs and symptoms of infection. Further research is necessary to describe geriatric urosepsis and provide a foundation for education for emergency department providers and triage staff. A retrospective, descriptive approach was utilized to examine geriatric patients age 50 years and over who presented to the emergency department with clinically validated urinary tract infection and sepsis. Geriatric age sub-groups as well as discharge mortality was used to compare the clinical and demographic features present with advancing age and urosepsis. Patients meeting urosepsis diagnosis criteria between June 2005 and June 2010 at a community hospital were queried and 270 of these met inclusion criteria. A significant difference in means between younger geriatric age groups (50-64 years) versus older groups (65-74, 75-84, and 85 and over) was observed with regard to presenting symptoms of acute change in mental status, dysuria, chills/ rigors, and nausea/ vomiting. Clinical variables also varied between age groups to include platelets, neutrophils, blood urea nitrogen, initial triage temperature, triage heart rate, highest obtained emergency department temperature and heart rate. On average there also existed significant difference in age, hospital length of stay, body mass index, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, albumin, triage temperature, and highest temperature.
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Bergabo-Lundqvist, Anna-Karin, and Anders Lindkvist. "Sjuksköterskans erfarenheter av att arbeta med triage på en akutmottagning : litteraturstudie." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för hälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-23013.
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Bakgrund: Triage är ett hjälpmedel som används för att genomföra bedömningar och prioriteringar av patienter på akutmottagningar. Bedömningarna av patienterna delas upp i olika nivåer beroende efter deras vårdbehov. Syftet med bedömningarna är att se till att den som har störst behov av hjälp erhåller hjälp först. Det är en legitimerad sjuksköterska som utför denna bedömning. Syfte: Beskriva sjuksköterskans erfarenhet av att arbeta med triage på en akutmottagning samt beskriva vilken datasamlingsmetod som använts i de inkluderade artiklarna i resultatet. Metod: En litteraturstudie med deskriptiv design, där tio vetenskapliga artiklar inkluderades. Sökningar efter vetenskapligt material genomfördes i databaserna Cinahl och PubMed samt genom en manuell sökning i de båda databaserna. Artiklarna har granskats för att urskilja skillnader och likheter och sammanställts både i tabellform och i resultattext. Huvudresultat: I Resultatet framkom tre huvudfaktorer som påverkar sjuksköterskors upplevelse av triage: Klinisk erfarenhet, arbetsmiljön på akutmottagningen och teoretisk och praktisk utbildning. Valda artiklars datainsamlingsmetoder bestod av både intervjustudier, enkätstudier, observationsstudier. Slutsatser: Sjuksköterskor beskriver bristande utbildning, avsaknad av yrkeserfarenhet samt olika faktorer som påverkar arbetsmiljön på akutmottagningen som har visat sig ha betydelse för deras erfarenheter av att arbeta med triage. Faktorerna har var och en för sig betydelse för sjuksköterskors yrkesutövning, inte bara inom akutsjukvården, utan även inom andra verksamhetsområden inom sjukvården. Trots den stora variationen av patient tillströmning på akutmottagningar så uppger sjuksköterskor att arbetstillfredsställelsen är stor men om mer vikt lades vid att skapa en godare arbetsmiljö, erbjuda utbildning samt se över kliniska yrkeserfarenhetens betydelse vid triagering kanske arbetstillfredsställelsen skulle vara ännu högre.<br>Background: Triage is a tool used to carry out assessments and priorities of patients in emergency rooms. The assessment of the patients is divided into different levels according to their health needs. The purpose of the assessments is to ensure that those who have the greatest need of assistance are taken care of first. A registered nurse performs this assessment. Aim: To describe the nurse´s experience working with triage in a emergency department and to describe the data collection method used in the articles included in the result. Method: A literature study with descriptive design, were ten scientific articles were included. A search for scientific material was carried out ant retrieved from the University of Gävle databases Cinahl and PubMed and through a manual search of the two databases. Results: It emerged that nurses describes causes like lack of education, a lack of experience and factors that affect the work environment has been shown to be important for their experience in working with triage. Selected items data collections methods consisted of interview studies, surveys, observational studies and a web-based survey. Conclusion: The results reveled three main factors affecting nurse´s experience of triage: Clinical experience, work environment and education. The factors, each individually is important for nurse’s occupation, not just in emergency care, but also in other areas in healthcare. Despite the great variety influx of patients in emergency rooms the nurse’s professional satisfaction is but if more emphasis was placed on creating a more enjoyable working environment, providing training and reviewing clinical significance of professional experience at the triage then work satisfaction migh be even higher.
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Silva, Michele de Freitas Neves. "Protocolo de avaliação e classificação de risco de pacientes de uma unidade de emergência." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/309776.
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Orientador: Izilda Esmenia Muglia Araújo<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T15:23:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2010<br>Resumo: Introdução: A elaboração e implementação de um protocolo de classificação de risco em unidades de emergência prioriza o atendimento de acordo com a gravidade do paciente de maneira homogênea entre todos os profissionais. Desta forma, diminui-se o tempo de espera dos pacientes graves, melhorando a qualidade da assistência prestada. Para isto, é necessário conhecer a demanda e o perfil da Unidade, utilizando-se um protocolo compatível com estas características. Objetivos: Identificar o perfil sócio-demográfico e as principais queixas da população adulta atendida na Unidade de Emergência de um Hospital Universitário. Validar o conteúdo do protocolo de avaliação e classificação de risco de pacientes elaborado e verificar a sua confiabilidade. Método: Estudo descritivo/retrospectivo e metodológico desenvolvido na Unidade de Emergência de um Hospital Universitário no interior do Estado de São Paulo. Compreendeu cinco etapas: avaliação do perfil e da demanda da Unidade, avaliação dos protocolos de classificação de risco existentes na literatura, elaboração, validação de conteúdo e verificação da confiabilidade do protocolo. O instrumento utilizado para caracterização do perfil foi estruturado com base nos dados do Boletim de Atendimento de Urgência (BAU) e o protocolo de classificação de risco com base nos existentes na literatura. A amostra do perfil da população foi constituída por 3424 BAU do período de janeiro a dezembro de 2008. A validação de conteúdo foi realizada por seis juízes individualmente e uma reunião do comitê de juízes; a confiabilidade pela pesquisadora e quatro observadores, a última mediante aplicação do protocolo em 40 pacientes. Resultados: A procura espontânea pela Unidade foi feita, predominantemente, por mulheres jovens na faixa etária dos 14 aos 54 anos dos bairros próximos à Unidade durante a semana e no horário das sete às dezenove horas. As queixas mais freqüentes foram: cefaléia, dor abdominal, dor torácica, lombalgia, tosse, febre, vômito, dispnéia, dor em MMII, náusea, tontura, dor de garganta, diarréia, mialgia, disúria, cervicalgia e dor em MMSS. Houve predominância da classificação de risco na prioridade verde (67%), sendo o tempo médio de espera para a classificação de 33,6 min e para o atendimento médico de 79,4 min. Na validação de conteúdo foram obtidos os seguintes percentuais de concordância entre os juízes: na organização -100% em 31 itens e 83,3% em quatro; na abrangência - 32 dos 35 itens obtiveram concordâncias iguais ou maiores a 66,6%; objetividade- 24 itens obtiveram concordâncias iguais ou maiores a 66,6% e na pertinência- 30 itens obtiveram concordâncias iguais ou maiores a 66,6%. Após a avaliação individual, o protocolo foi modificado na reunião do comitê de juízes. A confiabilidade obteve grau de concordância excelente (Coeficiente Kappa ponderado = 0,81). Conclusão: O perfil da amostra adulta atendida na Unidade foi de adultos jovens em idade produtiva, sexo feminino, procedentes do próprio município, demanda espontânea, no período diurno em dias úteis. Os atendimentos apontaram para queixas de baixa complexidade, predominando a prioridade verde. O protocolo de avaliação e classificação de risco demonstrou validade de conteúdo e o teste de concordância entre os observadores apresentou excelente confiabilidade. Esta Dissertação de Mestrado pertence à linha de pesquisa Processo de Cuidar em Saúde e Enfermagem.<br>Abstract: Introduction: The design and implementation of a protocol for assessing risks in emergency care prioritizes according to the patient severity evenly between all professionals. Thus, the waiting time is decreased for critical patients, improving quality of care. Therefor, you must know demand and profile of the Unit, using a compatible protocol with these features. Objectives: Identify the socio-demographic profile and the main complaints of the adult population at the Emergency Unit of a Hospital of University. Validate the contents of the protocol for assessment and risk classification of patients and verify its reliability. Method: A descriptive / retrospective and methodology developed in the Emergency Unit of a Hospital of University of São Paulo State. Comprised five steps: assessment of demand and the profile of the Unit; assessment of protocols of risk classification in the literature; development; content validation; and verification of the reliability of the protocol. The used instrument to characterize the profile has been struct ured based on data from the Bulletin of Emergency Room(BER) and the protocol of risk classification on the basis of the literature. The sample profile of the population consisted of 3424 BER from January to December 2008. The content validation was performed by six judges individually and a meeting of the committee of judges, the reliability of the researcher and four observers, the latter by applying the protocol in 40 patients. Results: The spontaneous demand for unity was made predominantly by young women aged 14 to 54 years in neighborhoods close to the unit during the week and on schedule from seven to nineteen hours. The most frequent complaints were headache, abdominal pain, chest pain, back pain, cough, fever, vomiting, dyspnea, pain in lower limbs, nausea, dizziness, sore throat, diarrhea, myalgia, dysuria, pain in neck and upper limbs. There predominance of risk classification in the priority green (67%), and the average waiting time for the classification of 33.6 min and for the medical care of 79.4 min. In the content validation were obtained the following percentages of agreement among the judges: the organization -100% in 31 items and 83.3% in four, in the coverage - 32 of 35 items had equal or greater concordance to 66.6%; objectivity - 24 items had equal or greater concordance to 66.6% and the relevance-30 items had equal or greater concordance to 66.6%. After individual assessment, the protocol was amended at the meeting of the committee of judges. The degree of reliability achieved excellent agreement (weighted kappa = 0.81). Conclusion: The profile of the sample answered in the adult unit were young adults of working age, female, coming from the municipality itself, spontaneous, during the daytime on weekdays. The consultations pointed to complaints of low complexity, predominantly green priority. The protocol for assessment and classification of risk demonstrated content validity and test of agreement between observers showed excellent reliability. This Master Dissertation is of the Processes in Health Care and Nursing research line.<br>Mestrado<br>Enfermagem e Trabalho<br>Mestre em Enfermagem
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Pires, Patrícia da Silva. "Tradução para o português e validação de instrumento para triagem de pacientes em serviço de emergência: Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale (CTAS)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/7/7136/tde-16102006-162026/.
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A triagem de pacientes em serviços de emergência constitui um campo de atuação para o enfermeiro, entretanto faltam instrumentos que possam ser utilizados para classificar a gravidade do paciente e a adequação de recursos ao seu atendimento. A finalidade deste estudo é obter um instrumento confiável que possa classificar as condições do paciente, melhorando a qualidade da assistência e diminuindo os riscos decorrentes da espera para o atendimento.O presente estudo teve como objetivo validar a escala de classificação de pacientes Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale (CTAS). Esta escala classifica o paciente em cinco níveis (1 a 5), respectivamente: situações de risco de vida, emergência, urgência, semi-urgência, não urgência. O instrumento foi submetido à tradução, versão à língua de origem, avaliação semântica, idiomática , cultural e conceitual. Após esta fase de validação, realizou-se a fase de confiabilidade interobservadores, entre a pesquisadora e duas enfermeiras voluntárias. A concordância expressa pelo índice kappa, foi de 0,739. Após esta etapa a pesquisadora avaliou 127 pacientes atendidos em um serviço privado, utilizando a CTAS. Houve predominância de pacientes classificados como nível 4 (46,00%) . O tempo médio entre a chegada do paciente, avaliação pelo serviço de triagem e entrada no serviço foi de 3,71 minutos. Houve associação estatisticamente significante entre o nível de classificação e as variáveis, sexo, idade, sinais vitais, dor, tempo de permanência, realização de procedimentos, avaliação de especialista e destino. Não houve pacientes classificados como nível 1. As mulheres corresponderam a 75,00% dos pacientes classificados como nível 2 e 3. Pacientes classificados como nível 2 e 3 apresentaram maior média de idade (58,75 anos), maior freqüência de alterações nos sinais vitais (60,00% do total de pacientes com alterações), maior média de permanência (188,45 minutos), necessidade de avaliação por especialistas (54,20% dos pacientes que necessitaram de avaliação) e de internação (73,30 % do total de pacientes que internaram). Pacientes classificados como nível 4, corresponderam a 66,70% dos pacientes com dor no momento da avaliação e a 47,60% dos pacientes que necessitaram de consultas, exames e procedimentos. Entre os homens, 53,80% foi classificado como nível 5. Neste nível destaca-se a menor média de idade (38,45 anos), a menor média de permanência (79,94 minutos), a maior freqüência de pacientes que necessitaram apenas de consulta médica (69,40%) e a alta do serviço para todos os pacientes. A concordância entre a queixa de entrada e o diagnóstico médico de saída da unidade foi de 0,884, expressa pelo índice kappa. Os resultados deste estudo mostram que a escala canadense representa um novo instrumento a ser utilizado pelos serviços de emergência, porém faz-se necessário a realização de novos estudos, com ampliação do tamanho da amostra e aplicação em serviços de complexidades diferentes.<br>The triage of patients in emergency facilities is a field of work for nurses. However, there is a lack of tools, which may be used to rate the severity of the patients condition and the suitability of the resources available. This study aims at obtaining a reliable tool that may be used to rate the patients condition, improve the quality of care and reduce the risks arising from the waiting time to care. This study aimed at the validation of the Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale (CTAS), which classified patients in five levels (from 1 to 5) respectively: resuscitation, emergent, urgent, semi-urgent, non urgent. The document was translated into Portuguese, translated back into the original language, and assessed from a semantic, idiomatic, cultural and conceptual perspective. The validation was followed by inter-observer reliability of the tool including the researcher and two volunteer nurses. The agreement reflected by the Kappa statistic was 0,739. Following this stage the researcher assessed 127 patients of a private facility using the CTAS. The majority of the patients were classified in level 4 (46,00%). The average time between the patients arrival, assessment by the triage service and admission was 3.71 minutes. There was a statistically significant co-relation between the level of triage and the following variables: sex, age, vital signs, pain, length of stay, procedures, specialist assessment and destination. No patients were classified in triage level 1. Women accounted for 75.00% of the patients classified in levels 2 and 3. Patients classified in levels 2 and 3 had the highest age average (58,75 years), the highest rate of changes in vital signs (60,00% of the total number of patients had changes), the highest average length of stay (188,45 minutes). This group also had the highest rate of patients who required specialist assessment (54,20% of the patients who required assessment) and admission (73,30 % of the total patients who were admitted). Patients classified in level 4 accounted for 66,70% of the patients with pain at the time of assessment and 47,60% of the patients who required visits, tests and procedures. Of the male patients, 53,80% were classified in level 5. Patients in this level had the lowest age average (38.45 years) and the lowest length of stay (79,94 minutes). This group also had the highest rate of patients who required only a medical visit (69,40%) and the highest rate of discharge among all patients served by the department. The agreement between the presenting complaint and the medical diagnosis was reflected by a kappa statistic of 0.884. The results of this study show that the Canadian scale is a new tool available to emergency departments. However, further studies, which apply the tool to larger samples and departments with different degrees of complexity, are necessary.
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McMullan, Jason T. M. D. "Prospective Prehospital Evaluation of the Cincinnati Stroke Triage Assessment Tool." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1522417658333396.
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Dippenaar, Enrico. "Standardisation and validation of a triage system in a private hospital group in the United Arab Emirates." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/23397.
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Introduction: Upon inspection and evaluation of the Mediclinic Middle East emergency centres in the United Arab Emirates, inconsistencies related to triage were found. Of note, it was found that the use of various international triage systems within and between the emergency centres may have caused potentially harmful patient conditions. The aim of this thesis was to study the reliability and validity of existing triage systems within Mediclinic Middle East, and then to use these systems as a starting point to design, standardise and validate a single, locally appropriate triage system. This single triage system should be able to accurately and safely assign triage priority to adults and children within all of Mediclinic Middle East emergency centres. Methods: A System Development Life Cycle process intended for business and healthcare service improvement was expanded upon through an action research design. Quantitative and qualitative components were used in a five-part study that was conducted by pursuing the iterative activities set by an action research approach to establish the following: the emergency centre patient demographic and application of triage, the reliability and validity of the existing triage systems, a determination of the most appropriate triage system for use in this local environment and development of a best-fit novel triage system, establishment of validation criteria for the novel triage system, and determination of reliability and validity of the novel triage system within Mediclinic Middle East emergency centres. Results: Low-acuity illness profiles predominated the patient demographic; high acuity cases were substantially smaller in number. The emergency centres used a combination of existing international triage systems; this was found to be inappropriate for this environment. Poor reliability and validity performance of the existing triage systems led to the development of a novel, four-level triage system. This novel triage system incorporates early warning scores through vital sign parameters, and clinical descriptors. The novel triage system proved to be substantially more reliable and valid than the existing triage systems within the Mediclinic Middle East emergency centres. Conclusion: Through an initial systems analysis, it became clear that the Mediclinic Middle East emergency centres blindly implemented an array of international triage systems. Using an action research approach, a novel triage system that is both reliable and valid within this local environment was developed. The triage system is fit to be implemented throughout all the Mediclinic Middle East emergency centres and may be transposed to similar emergency centre settings elsewhere.
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Dalwai, Mohammed K. "Reliability and validity of the South African Triage Scale in low-resource settings." Thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28428.
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Emergency medical care (EMC) is proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) as being one of the core components of a horizontal approach to improving population health in low-resource settings; triage is considered to be a fundamental part of this field. Most studies exploring triage have focused on high-income countries. In 2004, the Cape Triage Group (CTG) developed the South African Triage Scale (SATS) a scale that uses a physiologically based scoring system together with a list of discriminators - designed to triage patients into one of four priority groups for medical attention. The SATS was designed for use in the South African context to mitigate the limited numbers of doctors and professional nurses. The SATS has been implemented and assessed extensively in South Africa, but its performance across a spectrum of different low-resource settings, particularly non-sub-Saharan African and trauma-only settings, has not been adequately assessed. Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), an international humanitarian organisation, introduced EMC in 2006 into low-resource settings. In 2011, MSF began introducing the SATS in various projects where it was providing EMC. Methodology: This was a multi-site retrospective cohort study which sought to assess the reliability and validity of the SATS in different low-resource settings. Aim 1: To implement and evaluate the SATS in Northern Pakistan by describing the steps of implementation and how accurate nurses were in using the triage scale. After one month of implementation, 370 triage forms from a one-week period were evaluated. Aim 2: To assess the inter- and intra-rater reliability and accuracy of nurse triage ratings when using the SATS in an emergency centre (EC) in Timergara, Pakistan. Fifteen EC nurses assigned triage ratings to a set of 42 reference vignettes (written case reports of EC patients) under classroom conditions. Inter-rater reliability was assessed by comparing these triage ratings; intra-rater reliability was assessed by asking the nurses to re-triage ten 12 random vignettes from the original set of 42 vignettes and comparing the duplicate ratings. Accuracy of the nurse ratings was measured against the reference standard. Aim 3: To improve the ability to measure reliability and validity in paediatric settings by developing a set of paediatric paper-based vignettes using the Delphi methodology. In a two-round consensus building process, a panel of EC experts were asked to independently triage 50 clinical vignettes using one of four acuity levels: emergency (patient to be seen immediately), very urgent (patient to be seen within 10 min), urgent (patient to be seen within 60 min), or routine (patient to be seen within four hours). The vignettes were based on real paediatric EC cases in South Africa. Vignettes that reached a minimum of 80% group consensus for acuity ratings on either round one or two were included in the final set of reference vignettes. Aim 4: To further assess the reliability of the SATS across MSF-supported hospitals using paper-based vignettes in Afghanistan, Haiti and Sierra Leone. Applying the same methodology as in Northern Pakistan, we assessed reliability under classroom conditions between December 2013 and February 2014. Aim 5: To assess the validity of the SATS across MSF-supported hospitals between June 2013 and June 2014. Validity was assessed by comparing patients’ SATS ratings with their final EC outcomes (i.e., hospital admission, death or discharge) across four sites in Afghanistan, Haiti and Sierra Leone. Findings The SATS was able to be easily implemented and accurately completed in a low-resource setting of Northern Pakistan. We recommended further implementation and assessment of reliability and validity in low-resource settings. Across six sites with a total of 87 nurses, including two trauma-only hospitals in Afghanistan and Haiti, a paediatric-only hospital in Sierra Leone and three mixed medical settings in Afghanistan, Pakistan and Haiti, the SATS demonstrated moderate to substantial reliability. Across all settings in which we measured validity using outcome markers, SATS predicted an increase in the likelihood of admission/death when moving from low- to high-triage acuity. In trauma-only settings of Afghanistan and Haiti, the SATS showed a 1-9% under-triage and 13 a 2-16% over-triage rate. In mixed medical and paediatric settings, under-triage ranged from 0-76% while over-triage ranged from 2-88%. A more logical standardised approach to assessing validity was put forward when using outcome markers that would allow easier comparisons to be done across validity studies irrespective of the number of levels the triage scale had. We developed a set of paediatric vignettes for use in low-resource settings but cautioned against its use after measuring reliability using adult reference vignettes. We found that generic vignettes were poor substitutes in a variety of settings based on a lack of contextualisation and understanding by local nurses. Conclusion: The SATS has reasonable reliability with good validity across different ECs in various lower-source settings. The SATS is a valid triage tool for prioritisation of patients with trauma in low-resource settings. Its use in mixed EC settings seems justified, but in paediatric settings context-specific adjustments and assessments of its performance would be prudent.
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Richter, Rebecka, and Jim Stein. "Kommunikation vid triage och på akutmottagning : En litteraturstudie." Thesis, Röda Korsets Högskola, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:rkh:diva-461.
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Bakgrund: Syftet med triage på akutmottagningen är att säkerställa att patienter med störst behov av vård får det inom rimlig tid och på ett korrekt sätt. Triageprocessen inleds med att skapa en första kontakt mellan sjuksköterska och patient där kommunikationen är av stor betydelse. Att kunna delge andra människor information och dessutom kunna tolka och läsa av meddelanden är en del av kommunikationen samt att lyssna och ge svar på andra personers uttryck. Även icke-verbal kommunikation är en stor del av det som kommuniceras. Akutmottagningen är en stressig miljö och det finns mycket att lära angående vad som kan förbättra kommunikationen mellan sjuksköterska och patienter. Syfte: Att belysa hinder och befrämjande av kommunikation mellan sjuksköterska och patient vid triage och på akutmottagning. Metod: En allmän litteraturstudie baserad på tio kvalitativa artiklar. Resultat: Två huvudteman med sju underrubriker identifierades. Huvudtemana var: Befrämjande av kommunikation och Hinder för kommunikation. Underrubrikerna var: Verbal kommunikation, Icke-verbal kommunikation, Delaktighet i vård, Icke-delaktighet, Bristande individfokus, Tidsbrist och Informationsbrist. Slutsats: Av resultatet framgår att fler faktorer inom triage och akutsjukvård utgör hinder för kommunikation. Resultatet tyder på att patienterna saknar information om rutinerna på akutmottagningen samtidigt som sjuksköterskorna inte alltid anser sig ha tid för att ge informationen till patienterna. De faktorer som påverkar befrämjandet av kommunikationen stämmer överens med Habermas (1981/1990) teori där kommunikation baseras på öppenhjärtig grund, ärlighet och samförstånd. Klinisk betydelse: En mer patientcentrerad kommunikation och bättre information kan behövas på akutmottagningarna för att patienterna ska få bra vård och för att arbetet ska bli enklare för sjuksköterskorna.<br>Background: The purpose of triage in the emergency department is to ensure that patients with the greatest need of care receive it within a reasonable time and in a proper manner. The triage process starts by creating an initial contact between nurse and patient, where communication is a vital part. Being able to communicate information to other people and to interpret messages is a part of the communication and also to listen and provide answers to other people's expressions. Non-verbal communication is also a great part of what is communicated. The emergency room is a stressful environment and there is much to learn in what can make communication between nurses and patients better. Aim: To highlight what hinders and promotes communication between nurses and patients in triage and at the emergency department. Method: A general literature study based on ten qualitative articles. Results: Two main themes and seven subthemes were identified. Main themes were: Promoting communication and Obstacles for communication. Subthemes were: Verbal communication, Non-verbal communication, Participation in care, Non-participation, Lack of individual focus, Lack of time and Lack of information. Conclusion: The results of the study show that more factors in triage and emergency care became hindrance of communication. The patients lack information about the routines in the emergency department and the nurses do not have enough time to inform the patients. The factors that affect promotion of communication consist with Habermas (1981/1990) theory where communication is based on open-hearted grounds, honesty and understanding. Clinical implication: A more patient-centered communication and better information may be needed at the emergency departments to secure good care of the patients and thereby facilitate the nurses work.
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Jansson, Pravitz Elin. "Betydelsen av triagesjuksköterskans kliniska erfarenhet i triagebedömningen på akutmottagning : En kvantitativ sekundäranalys." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för hälso- och vårdvetenskap (HV), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-82620.
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Bakgrund: Triage är numera en viktig del i den moderna sjukvården och innebär prioritering och sortering av patienter. Triagebedömningen utförs oftast av en triagesjuksköterska och då med hjälp av en triageskala som till stor del är avgörande för hur länge patienten bedöms kunna vänta på läkarbedömning. I Sverige är den mest frekvent använda triageskalan RETTS. Dock har studier visat på olikheter i triagenivåer och att triagebedömningen skulle påverkas av triagesjuksköterskans erfarenhet. Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka om det i triagebedömningar på akutmottagning fanns skillnader som berodde på triagesjuksköterskans kliniska erfarenhet sett utifrån triagenivå och ESS-algoritm vid användandet av triageskalan RETTS. Metod: Studien hade en kvantitativ metod och en sekundäranalys av rådata från 2014 genomfördes. Rådatan bestod av enkäter utformade som patientfall vilka hade fyllts i av triagesjuksköterskor från två akutmottagningar i södra Sverige. Dataanalysen gjordes med deskriptiv analys samt med jämförande statistik, Chi2-test. Resultat: Resultaten redovisades utifrån triagenivå, ESS-algoritm samt kommentarer. Skillnaderna mellan de olika erfarenheterna presenterades i tre olika erfarenhetskategorier. I resultatet framkom att det fanns skillnader i triagenivå, ESS-algoritm samt antal kommentarer. Enbart i en analys förekom en signifikant skillnad mellan de olika erfarenhetsgrupperna. Slutsats: Resultatet visade på skillnader i triagenivåer och ESS-algoritmer men däremot visade inte resultatet i tillräckligt hög utsträckning vad dessa berodde på. Då skillnader i triagebedömningen utgör en patientsäkerhetsrisk samt ökar kostnaden för vården behövs vidare forskning för att försöka ta reda på anledningen till skillnaderna.<br>Background: Triage has now become an important part of modern health care and involves prioritizing and sorting of patients. It is usually performed by a nurse and with the help of a triage scale. The triage scale is critical for how long the patient can wait to see the doctor. In Sweden the most common triage scale is RETTS. However, studies have shown differences in the triage level and that the triage assessment could be affected by the experience of the triage nurse. Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate if there were any differences in the triage assessment at emergency departments depending on the clinical experience of the triage nurse in reference to the triage level and ESS-algorithm when using the triage scale RETTS. Method: A quantitative study and a secondary analysis was carried out based on data from 2014. The collection of the data has been carried out in two different emergency departments in the South of Sweden through written patient scenarios. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and The Chi-square Test. Result: The results was shown in the categories triage level, ESS-algorithm and comments. The differences between experiences was displayed in three different categories. The result showed differences in triage levels, ESS-algorithms and in the number of comments. However, only in one analysis was there a significant difference between the different groups of experiences. Conclusion: The result has shown that there were differences in the triage levels and ESS-algorithms but the result has not sufficiently given an explanation as to why these differences occur. As the differences in the triage assessments constitutes a risk for the patients and increases costs for the health care further research need to be done to try to find out the reason for the differences.
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Hedding, Kirsty. "A descriptive study of demographics, triage allocations and patient outcomes for a private emergency centre in Pretoria for 2018." Master's thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32761.
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Background Triage aims to detect critically ill patients and to prioritise those with time-sensitive needs. It also contributes to the overall efficiency of an emergency centre (EC). International systems have been relatively well researched; however, no data exists on the use of the SATS score in private healthcare settings in SA. Objectives This study aimed to describe the demographics, triage allocations, time spent in EC and disposition of all patients presenting to a private hospital EC in Pretoria, South Africa in 2018. Methods A retrospective descriptive study was undertaken. Data relating to demographics, triage, and hospital disposition were collected on all patients presenting to the EC during the 2018 calendar year. Descriptive data analyses were conducted in Microsoft Excel. Results A total of 29 055 patients were included in this study. More than half (57.6%) were adults aged 18 to 60 years and approximately one-fourth (27.5%) were paediatrics (<18 years). The majority of patients were triaged yellow (73.5%); 17.4% were triaged as red and orange. It took, on average, 28 minutes to be seen by a provider and patients spent an average of 2 hours and 20 minutes in the EC. Delays to be seen exceeded standards for red and orange patients at 8 and 18 minutes respectively, and the mean time these patients spent in the EC was higher (2h 51 minutes and 2h 47 minutes respectively). Most patients (76.1%) were discharged; 5.6% were admitted to ICU/high care, 14.4% to the general ward, and 3.9% either absconded or refused hospital treatment. Of patients triaged red and orange, 11.1% and 49.3% were discharged respectively, and these patients used the most resources . Conclusion This study found that most of the patients were triaged into low acuity categories (yellow and green) and discharged home. High acuity patients were usually admitted to ICU or high care; however, these patients experienced delays in being treated and admitted. Causes of these issues, and implications on patient outcomes remain unknown. Large numbers of high acuity patients were ultimately discharged home. Further studies are needed to understand the influence of triage accuracy on these patients' outcomes.
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Soteriou, Sofia, and Johanna Frid. "Sjuksköterskors upplevelser av triage på akutmottagningen : en litteraturöversikt." Thesis, Sophiahemmet Högskola, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:shh:diva-3643.
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SAMMANFATTNING Bakgrund På en akutmottagning råder ett högt patientflöde vilket kräver någon form av turordningssystem. På de flesta akutmottagningar har således triage implementerats för att underlätta denna turordning. Syftet med triage är att bedöma och turordna patienter utefter medicinsk angelägenhetsgrad. I de flesta fall är det en sjuksköterska som utför denna bedömning vilket ställer krav på egenskaper som kritiskt tänkande, kunskap och erfarenhet. Att utföra triage på akutmottagningen kan vara utmanande till följd av högt patientflöde, hög arbetsbelastning och resursbrist vilket kan äventyra patientsäkerheten. Syfte Syftet var att beskriva sjuksköterskors upplevelser av triage på akutmottagningen. Metod Designen som valdes var en litteraturöversikt som omfattar vetenskapliga originalartiklar. Designen möjliggjorde sammanställning av en betydande del av det befintliga forskningsläget inom ämnesområdet. Datainsamlingen genomfördes i februari år 2020 i databaserna PubMed och CINAHL. En kvalitetsgranskning och integrerad analys genomfördes i syfte att sammanställa de 18 artiklar som slutligen ingick i resultatet. Resultat Resultatet utgjordes av sex kategorier bestående av sjuksköterskors övergripande upplevelser av triage på akutmottagningen. Dessa kategorier var patientflöde, akutmottagningens miljö, tidsaspekter, samarbete med kollegor, triageskalor samt yrkeserfarenheter och utbildning. Slutsats Tydlig kommunikation, samarbete med kollegor och ett konkret beslutsunderlag är essentiella aspekter för att främja sjuksköterskors förmåga att utföra triage. Resultatet illustrerar behovet av en adekvat utbildning och förberedelse inför triage samt att yrkeserfarenhet och en klinisk blick är av stor betydelse för att kunna utföra en korrekt bedömning och således leverera en patientsäker vård av hög kvalitet. Nyckelord: Akutmottagning, Patientsäkerhet, Sjuksköterskor, Triage, Upplevelser.<br>ABSTRACT Background At the emergency department, there is a high flow of patients, thus some form of priority system is required. Therefore, most emergency departments have implemented the concept of triage in order to facilitate this priority system. The purpose of triage is to assess and prioritize between patients according to medical urgency. In most cases, a nurse is the one to perform this assessment, which requires characteristics such as critical thinking, knowledge and experience. Due to high flow of patients, heavy workload and lack of resources, it can be challenging to perform triage which may jeopardize patient safety. Aim The aim was to describe nurses’ experiences of triage at the emergency department. Method The design chosen was a literature review consisting of original research articles. The design made it possible to compile a significant amount of existing research within the current topic. The data collection took place in February 2020 via PubMed and CINAHL. Quality control and integrated analysis were conducted in order to present the 18 articles finally included in the results. Results The results consisted of six categories consisting of nurses’ overall experiences of triage at the emergency department. These categories were flow of patients, the emergency department environment, time-aspects, collaboration with colleagues, triage scales and experiences and education. Conclusions Distinct communication, collaboration with colleagues and concrete basis for decisions areessential aspects to promote nurses’ abilities in triage. The results illustrate the need of education and preparation for triage as well as professional and clinical experience in order to assess correctly, thus delivering patient-safe and high-quality care. Keywords: Emergency department, Experiences, Nurses, Patient safety, Perceptions
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Huffman, Kristyn, and Kristyn Huffman. "Increasing Effective Patient-Triage Nurse Communication Using a Targeted History Question." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626701.
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This quality improvement project identified a need to improve patient placement between the Fast Track and the Emergency Department treatment areas of an urban Southern Arizona hospital. The current triage process at this hospital excludes patient past medical history, limiting the information given to triage nurses when assigning patient acuity scores and determining placement in the ED. This project sought to improve patient to nurse communication during the triage interview process by educating nurses to ask a ‘targeted history’ question: a question created to obtain concise past medical history information related to the patient’s chief complaint. This targeted history question was worded as “Have you been treated for [chief complaint] before?” Chart audits were performed to gather quantitative data on patient placement, ESI scores, triage interview times, and nursing compliance rates. Stakeholders were also asked open-ended questions regarding their perceptions of triage and the integration of the targeted history question. These interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded for common categories. Results show low nursing compliance with asking the targeted history question. However, almost two-thirds of triage notes mentioned some form of past medical history – showing that triage nurses assess for pertinent past medical history without prolonging total triage times. Additionally, stakeholder interviews showed healthcare personnel felt the targeted history question helped with gathering useful information and patient placement, and that past medical history is an important part of triage.
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Hårsta-Löfgren, Åsa, and Susanne Lindgren. "Akutrumssjuksköterskan i den medicinska larmsituationen." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-189636.
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Background: Incoming medical alarm is a common routine for emergency nurses. Working in these situations may represent a major burden on the individual nurse. Purpose: To investigate emergency room nurses' experiences in receiving medical alerts focused on education, safety, security, skills and experience, and andherence to guidelines. The purpose was also to investigate whether there were any differences in action between the emergency room nurses who had worked longer or shorter period than two years with this. Method: The design was quantitative, comparative and descriptive. Surveys were distributed to 30 nurses who worked in the emergency room at a Swedish hospital. The questionnaires were answered by 20 nurses these were divided into two groups based on their experience, the groups were compered whether there were any differences in action between the emergency room nurses who had worked longer or shorter period than two years in the emergency room. Results : Emergency Room Introduction, 70% had an experienced colleague. Securities in emergency situation were always experienced by 20% of the nurses while 65%of them often felt secure. Safeties were experienced by 60%. Few nurses reported that they experienced stress and time pressure. Half of the group always thought that their experience and skills were a applied in alarm situations. 50% did know the accepted guidelines. Decision aids was not used to any great extent. There was no difference between groups in the conduct of the emergency situation. Conclusion: Emergency Room introduction and decision support needs to be improved. The majority of the nurses felt safe and secure in emergency situation.
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Phukubye, Thabo Arthur. "Strategies to enhance knowledge of triage amongst nurses working in the emergency departments of the Sekhukhune district hospitals, Limpopo province, South Africa." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/3159.
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Thesis(M.Sc.(Nursing)) --University of Limpopo,2019<br>Background: Many deaths in hospitals occur within 24 hours of admission. Some of these deaths could be prevented if the patients were effectively triaged, identified quickly and treatment initiated without delay. Triage and emergency care have always been weak and under-emphasized components of healthcare systems in Africa and yet, if well organized, could lead to saving many lives and reducing the ultimate costs of care.
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop strategies to enhance knowledge of triage amongst nurses working in the Emergency Departments of the Sekhukhune District, Limpopo Province, South Africa. Study method: By employing a quantitative, non-experimental research method, 84 nurses working in the Emergency Departments, completed and submitted structured questionnaires. Validity and reliability were insured by pre-testing the data collection instrument on respondents who were not part of the main study. Data were analyzed by using the SPSS and Excel computer programmes with the assistance of the University statistician. Results: Findings indicated that there is an association between triage knowledge and Job title (p-value = 0.046). Registered nurses, specialty nurses and enrolled nurses were found to have more knowledge than auxiliary nurses. However, from those nurses with the knowledge, the study discovered that most of the respondents (61%) exercised poor triage practice compared with those nurses (30%) exercising good practice.
Conclusion: The results of this study show that having triage knowledge does not automatically equate with good triage practice. Therefore, it is recommended to integrate knowledge with experience and continued professional development to yield good triage practice.
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Featherstone, JoAnn Lynn. "Impact of Emergency Department Patient Flow Model and Triage Level on Patient Wait Times." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4284.
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Some hospital emergency departments (EDs) are negatively affected by extended patient wait times, resulting in reduced hospital profitability. Therefore, it is critical hospital leaders understand factors impacting ED average patient wait times. Grounded in the business process improvement theoretical framework, the purpose of this causal comparative study was to examine the impact of an ED rapid evaluation unit (REU) patient flow model and emergency severity index (ESI) on average weekly patient wait times. Data collection comprised a census of 26 archival data records pre and postimplementation of an ED REU patient flow model from a hospital ED in Upstate New York from April 18-October 18, 2015, and October 19, 2015- April 19, 2016. The results of the mixed-method ANOVA indicated there was a significant time (pre and postimplementation) and emergency severity index interaction effect: Wilks lambda = .55, F(2, 24) = 9.86, p = .001, partial eta squared = .45. There was also a main effect for time: Wilks lambda = .72, F(1, 25) = 9.74, p = .005, partial eta squared = .28. In addition, there was significant main effect for ESI: Wilks lambda = .084, F(2, 24) = 130.28, p < .001, partial eta squared = .92. At ESI triage level 2, there was less difference in the door to provider time than there was for ESI triage level 4. The implications for social change include the potential to reduce patient wait times; improving on patient health outcomes and satisfaction.
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Sprivulis, Peter Carl. "Evaluation of the prehospital utilisation of the Australasian Triage Scale." University of Western Australia. Emergency Medicine Discipline Group, 2004. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2004.0055.
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[Truncated abstract] Background : Triage systems have evolved from battlefield casualty prioritisation tools to integral components of civilian emergency care systems over the last 50 years. There is significant variation in prehospital triage practices in Australia and little research has been undertaken to validate the triage systems used. There is considerable evidence to support the use of the Australasian Triage Scale (ATS) for triage in the emergency department setting and the ATS is used ubiquitously for emergency department triage in Australasia ... Conclusions : The findings of this thesis support integrating prehospital ATS allocations with emergency department triage processes. It is concluded that Paramedics apply the ATS similarly to nurses ... Allocations to ATS 1, 2 and 3 and most ATS 4 allocations by paramedics are valid when compared to nurse ATS allocations. Australasian Triage Scale category 5 is used inappropriately by paramedics and should be used rarely, if at all, by paramedics. The reliability of paramedic and nurse ATS allocations is sufficient to warrant a trial of the omission of retriage of ambulance presentations at Perth metropolitan emergency departments. However, early nursing assessment of a small proportion of ATS 3 patients may be required to ensure timely assessment for some mistriaged bone fide ATS 2 patients. Paramedic ATS allocations appear sufficiently reliable and valid to warrant a trial of their use as part of a two-tier trauma team activation system ... The implementation of standardised training between paramedics and nurses based on current Australasian College for Emergency Medicine guidelines is recommended. The implementation of paramedic triage audit, including comparison of paramedic ATS allocations with nurse ATS allocations may improve reliability between paramedics and nurses, and particularly the reliability of ATS 4 and ATS 5 allocations. Prehospital ATS allocations may prove useful in prehospital casemix analysis, the evaluation of prehospital service delivery and for prehospital research. Research opportunities include actual trials of the integration of prehospital use of ATS with emergency department triage and trauma system activation, and the evaluation of the ATS as a prehospital casemix and performance evaluation tool. Research into alternative triage tools to the ATS for use in the prehospital environment and into the impact of standardised triage training is also suggested.
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Jones, Norma J. "Emergency nurses leading change implementing a new triage process using a traditional change management model." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0006/MQ41832.pdf.
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Kuriyama, Akira. "Impact of age on the discriminative ability of an emergency triage system : A cohort study." Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/244525.
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Phiri, Moitshepi. "Strategies to enhance patient-centred triage in an emergency department in Botswana : an explorative study." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/65845.
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Triage allows for patients with life-threatening conditions to be identified and managed first, increasing the waiting times of patients presenting with non-critical conditions. The latter then perceive triage as negative. Even though triage is meant to save lives and improve patient satisfaction, frustrated and dissatisfied patients remain a concern in the selected emergency department of a referral hospital in Botswana. The aim of the study was to explore strategies to enhance patient-centred triage in an emergency department in Botswana. A qualitative descriptive phenomenographic study was done. Data were collected through semi-structured face-to-face interviews with 10 participants (patients) who were triaged in the emergency department. Data was analysed by the healthcare professionals involved in triage. Three categories of description namely environment, nursing staff and waiting times were identified. Based on the findings the healthcare professionals collaboratively planned strategies and outcome spaces to move towards patient-centred triage. Patients were given an opportunity to voice their experiences in triage. Sharing the data obtained from patients with healthcare professionals during the data analysis process was regarded as vital, as it would raise awareness of the way in which patients experienced triage. Being included in the data analysis process, the healthcare professionals understood of the way in which patients’ experience triage and therefore were able to collaboratively plan strategies to move towards patient-centred triage and improve patients’ satisfaction.<br>Dissertation (MCur Nursing Science)--University of Pretoria, 2018.<br>Nursing Science<br>MCur Nursing Science<br>Unrestricted
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Spangler, Douglas. "An evaluation of nurse triage at the Emergency Medical Dispatch centers in two Swedish counties." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-324317.
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Sjuksköterskor vid Sjukvårdens Larmcentral (SvLC) i Uppsala och Västmanlands län hänvisar regelbundet lågakuta patienter som bedöms inte vara i behov av ambulanssjukvård till alternativa vårdformer. I denna studie kopplades patientdata från SvLC till sjukhusregister för att identifiera patienter som besökte en akutmottagning inom 72 timmar efter en hänvisning vid SvLC. Prevalensen av ett antal utfallsmått undersöktes och logistisk regression användes för att fastställa effekten av ett antal variabler. 20% av hänvisade inringare besökte en akutmottaging inom 72 timmar. Av dessa fick 57% vård på specialistnivå och 37% lades in vid en slutenvårdsenhet. 86% av akutmottagningsbesöken gällde det besvär som patienten kontaktade SvLC för. Äldre patienter hänvisades mindre ofta till alternativa vårdformer, men löpte större risk att kräva vård på specialistnivå och läggas in vid sjukhuset till följd av ett akutmottagningsbesök. Samtal med personer som ringde in flera gånger per månad hänvisades oftare av SvLC än patienter med en kontakt under studiens lopp, medan patienter som ringt in endast ett fåtal gånger besökte akutmottagningen oftare och blev där oftare inlagda. Icke-användning av SvLCs beslutsstöd var vanligare bland hänvisade patienter. Uppdrag som avlsutades utan vidare hänvisning till en annan sjukvårdsinstans resulterade mindre ofta i ett akutmottagningsbesök. Prevalensen av akutmottagningsbesök och inläggningar vid sjukhus efter hänvisning liknar nivån som funnits i andra studier av nordisk prehospital triage. Baserat på resultaten från denna studie föreslås ett antal kvalitetsutvecklingsprojekt samt framtida studier.<br>Nurses working at the Emergency Medical Dispatch (EMD) centers in the Swedish counties of Uppsala and Västmanland routinely refer patients determined to not require an ambulance to non-emergency care. In this study, hospital records were reviewed to match calls to patients visiting an Emergency Department (ED) within 72 hours of being referred to non- emergency care by an EMD nurse. The prevalence of a number of outcomes was examined, and logistic regression models were used to analyze the effects of several variables of interest. 20% of callers referred to non-emergency medical care visited an ED within 72 hours. Of these, 57% received specialist level care, and 37% were admitted to the hospital. 86% of ED visits were found to be in regards to the condition the patient contacted the EMD for. Elderly patients were less likely to be referred to non-emergency care, but more likely to receive specialist care and be admitted. Very frequent callers were more likely to be referred to non-emergency care, while a moderate rate of contact was associated with increased odds of ED visitation and hospital admission from the ED. Non-utilization of the EMDs’ decision support tool was more common among callers referred to non-emergency care. Calls closed by dispatchers without further referral to other healthcare providers were less likely to result in an ED visit. The prevalence of ED visitations and admissions found in this study are similar to those found in other studies of Scandinavian pre-hospital triage, and a number of possibilities for quality improvement and future studies were identified.
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Almblad, Ann-Charlotte. "Sjuksköterskors uppfattning om triagebedömning på en barnakutmottagning." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-164855.
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Triage, which means "to sort", determine the priority of the patients need of care. The aim of the present study was to describe nurses’ perception of triage at a pediatric emergency department. A questionnaire with open- and closed-ended questions were distributed to all 25 nurses that worked at a pediatric emergency department. The answer frequency was 48 % (n=12). Open-ended questions were analyzed by qualitative content analysis and the closed-ended questions with descriptive statistics after which statistical correlations and differences were calculated. The nurses’ perception of triage was that this first assessment and prioritization of the patients’ need of care increased safety and control and that to refer patients to another level of care may reduce the waiting time however, were time consuming for the nurse. The perception of interception factors for referring patients to another level of care were lack of availability and negative reactions from parents and patients. To perform triage and at the same time be responsible for other patients was perceived as a difficult. As a support in the performance of triage a triage-system, easy to interpret, was needed. Any significant differences or association could not be detected regarding level of education or work experiences. The nurses perceived that a correct triage gave the patient correct care at right level.<br>Utifrån triagebedömning, där triage betyder "att sortera", prioriteras patientens behov av vård. Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva sjuksköterskors uppfattning om triagebedömning på en barnakutmottagning. En frågenkät med öppna och slutna frågor delades ut till samtliga 25 tjänstgörande sjuksköterskor vid barnakutmottagningen. Svarsfrekvensen var 48 % (n=12). De öppna frågorna analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys och de slutna frågorna bearbetades med deskriptiv statistik därefter beräknades statistiska samband och skillnader. Sjuksköterskors uppfattning om triage var att denna första bedömning och prioritering av patientens vårdbehov gav en ökad säkerhet och kontroll samt att hänvisning av patienter till annan vårdnivå kunde minska väntetider men krävde stor tidsåtgång. Brist på tillgänglighet till primärvården och negativa reaktioner från föräldrar och patienter uppfattades som en hindrande faktor vid hänvisning. Sjuksköterskorna uppfattade att det var en svår arbetsuppgift att utföra triagebedömning samtidigt som man ansvarade för andra patienter. Som stöd i triagebedömningen önskades triagemallar som var lätta att tyda. Inga signifikanta skillnader eller samband kunde identifieras vad gäller graden av utbildning eller antal yrkesverksamma år. Sjuksköterskorna uppfattade att rätt utförd triage gav patienten rätt vård på rätt vårdnivå.
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Sammons, Susan S. "Accuracy of Emergency Department Nurse Triage Level Designation and Delay in Care of Patients with Symptoms Suggestive of Acute Myocardial Infarction." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/nursing_diss/27.
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More than 6 million people present to emergency departments (EDs) across the US annually with chief complaints of chest pain or other symptoms suggestive of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Of the million who are diagnosed with AMI, 350,000 die during the acute phase. Accurate triage in the ED can reduce mortality and morbidity, yet accuracy rates are low and delays in patient care are high. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between (a) patient characteristics, registered nurse (RN) characteristics, symptom presentation, and accuracy of ED RN triage level designations and (b) delay of care of patients with symptoms suggestive of AMI. Constructs from Donabedian’s Structure-Process-Outcome model were used to guide this study.
Descriptive correlational analyses were performed using retrospective triage data from electronic medical records. The sample of 286 patients with symptoms suggestive of AMI comprised primarily Caucasian, married, non-smokers, of mean age of 61 with no prior history of heart disease. The sample of triage nurses primarily comprised Caucasian females of mean age of 45 years with an associate’s degree in nursing and 11 years’ experience in the ED.
RNs in the study had an accuracy rate of 54% in triage of patients with symptoms suggestive of AMI. The older RN was more accurate in triage level designation. Accuracy in triage level designations was significantly related to patient race/ethnicity. Logistic regression results suggested that accuracy of triage level designation was twice as likely (OR 2.07) to be accurate when the patient was non-Caucasian. The patient with chest pain reported at triage was also twice as likely (OR 2.55) to have an accurate triage than the patient with no chest pain reported at triage. Electrocardiogram (ECG) delay was significantly greater in the patient without chest pain and when the RN had more experience in ED nursing. Triage delay was significantly related to patient gender and race/ethnicity, with female patients and non-Caucasian patients experiencing greater delay. An increase in RN years of experience predicted greater delay in triage. Further studies are necessary to understand decisions at triage, expedite care, improve outcomes, and decrease deaths from AMI.
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Ochoa, Cesar G. "Using arena simulation software to predict hospital capabilities during CBRNE events." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2007. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.
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Tanccini, Thaíla. "Sistema Manchester : tempo despendido na classificação de risco, prioridades estabelecidas e desfecho clínico dos pacientes atendidos na maior emergência do sul do Brasil." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/128936.
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Introdução: Os Serviços de Atenção às Urgências continuam sendo responsáveis por uma grande parcela dos atendimentos em saúde e, seguindo orientação do Ministério da Saúde, o uso do Sistema Manchester de Classificação de Risco começou a ser utilizado em vários Serviços de Saúde no Brasil, como meio de ordenar os atendimentos. Entretanto existem poucas pesquisas sobre o tema no contexto brasileiro. Objetivo: Analisar o tempo que antecede e o que é despendido para a classificação de risco e o desfecho em 24 horas dos pacientes atendidos em um Serviço de Emergência Hospitalar. Metodologia: Coorte retrospectiva que incluiu dados de uma query de adultos atendidos na maior emergência do sul do país no ano de 2012. Os dados foram fornecidos pelo serviço de informática da instituição, a partir dos prontuários eletrônicos dos pacientes, organizados em Excel e analisados com auxilio do SPSS 18. O projeto foi aprovado nas instâncias pertinentes. Resultados: Foram analisados 139.556 atendimentos, sendo 84,6% dos pacientes classificados no tempo preconizado pelo SMCR (até 3 minutos), destes, com maior frequência nos pacientes de menor prioridade de atendimento. Em contrapartida, pacientes de maior prioridade aguardaram menos tempo para chegar até a classificação. A maior parte dos pacientes apresentou prioridade Verde (69,7%). Houve mais liberações (88,4%), enquanto hospitalização (11,4%) e óbito (0,2%), foram menos frequentes até 24h após a chegada na emergência. Pacientes de menor risco foram mais liberados e os de maior risco evoluíram mais para óbito. Conclusão: Concluiu-se que o tempo envolvido em atividades que antecedem o primeiro atendimento médico, ainda que dentro do tempo preconizado pelo SMCR, foi elevado. Muitos dos pacientes atendidos apresentaram baixa prioridade, sugerindo que seu atendimento pudesse ser realizado em outros Serviços da Rede de Atenção à Saúde. Mesmo assim, elevado número de pessoas, acima da capacidade dos leitos hospitalares, demandou internação em até 24 horas de sua chegada à Emergência.<br>Introduction: Emergency Room are responsible for many health care and adopting a Ministry of Health recommendation, was started the use the Manchester Triage System Emergency Rooms in Brazil, aiming to organize the service priorities. There are few studies that have investigated this issue in the Brazilian scenario. Objective: To analyze delay between the arrival of the patient and the nurse risk classification, time spent on the risk ranking and evolution within 24 hours (discharge, hospitalization or death). Methodology: A retrospective cohort study was performed including adult patients treated in 2012 in a major emergency in southern Brazil. The data were provided by the Office of Informatics of the hospital, collected directly from patients' medical records, organized into Excel and analyzed using SPSS software. The study protocol was approved by the ethics committees of the hospital and university. Results: 139,556 patients were evaluated, 84.6% of patients classified within the recommended range by Manchester triage System time (< 3 minutes), were higher in those patients whose priority was lower. In contrast, highest priority patients waited less to get to the risk rating. Most of the patients had priority Green (69.7%). After 24 hours, there were more discharges of the emergency room (88.4%), while hospitalization (11.4%) and death (0.2%) were less frequent Low-risk patients had more discharge and the highest risk death more. Conclusion: It was concluded that the time involved in activities that precede the first medical care was high, despite being within the recommended time. Many of the patients had low priority, suggesting that their care could be accomplished in other Health Services members of the health care network. Nevertheless, large numbers of people, beyond the capability of available hospital beds, required hospitalization within 24 hours of their arrival at the Emergency.<br>Introducción: Servicios de urgencias siguen siendo los responsables por la mayoría de las asistencias de la salud y siguiendo la recomendación del Ministerio de Salud el uso del Sistema de Clasificación de Riesgo Manchester empezó a ser utilizado en diversos servicios de salud en Brasil, como uma forma de ordenar los tratamientos. Mientras, hay poca investigación sobre el tema en el contexto brasileño. Objetivo: Analizar el tiempo de espera y lo que se gasta para la clasificación de riesgo y la evolución dentro de las 24 horas de los pacientes atendidos en un servicio de urgencias de un hospital. Metodología: cohorte retrospectivo que incluye datos de una query de los adultos atendidos em uma gran emergencia del Sur del país en 2012. Los datos fueron proporcionados por el departamiento de informática de la institución, a partir de los registros médicos electrónicos de lós pacientes, organizados em Excel y analizados con el programa SPSS 18. El proyecto fue aprobado por las autoridades competentes. Resultados: Se analizaron 139.556 pacientes, siendo 84,6% de los pacientes fueron clasificados como se propone por el Sistema de Clasificación de Riesgo Manchester (hasta 3 minutos), siendo mayor em los pacientes de menor prioridad. Por el contrario, los pacientes con mayor prioridad esperaron menos tiempo para llegar a la clasificación de riesgo. La mayoría de los pacientes tenían prioridad Verde (69,7%). Hubo más liberaciones (88,4%), mientras Hospitalización (11,4%) y Muerte (0,2%) fueron menos frecuentes hasta 24 horas después de su llegada a la emergencia. Los pacientes de bajo riesgo fueron más liberados y lós de mayor riesgo tuvieron una mayor frecuencia de muerte. Conclusión: Llegamos a la conclusión de que el tiempo empleado en las actividades que preceden a la primera atención médica, aunque dentro del marco de tiempo recomendado por el Sistema de Clasificación de Riesgo Manchester fue alto. Muchos de los pacientes tratados tenían baja prioridad, lo que sugiere que su cuidado podría realizarse en los servicios básicos de salud. Sin embargo, un gran número de personas, más allá de la capacidad de camas de hospital, demandaron la admisión dentro de las 24 horas de su llegada a la emergencia.
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Edin, Caroline, and Sara Mälby. "Faktorer på akutmottagningen som är av betydelse för patientens tillfredställelse av vården : - en litteraturstudie." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för hälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-14122.
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Syfte: Att beskriva faktorer av betydelse för patienttillfredsställelse på akutmottagningen.Metod: En litteraturstudie med beskrivande design. Data baserades på 13 artiklar sökta i databasen PubMed.Resultat: Totalt identifierades sju faktorer av betydelse för patienttillfredsställelsen av vården på akutmottagningen. Faktorerna var patientens bakgrund, vårdpersonalens bemötande, information, kommunikation, triageprocessen, väntetid och miljö. Resultatet visade att den viktigaste faktorn som hade betydelse för patientens tillfredställelse på akutmottagningen var väntetiden, ovissheten kring denna och triageprocessens påverkan.Slutsats: Faktorerna visade sig vara viktiga var för sig och ännu viktigare i kombination med varandra. Om patienterna var missnöjda med en faktor påverkade det ofta tillfredställelsen av de andra faktorerna under besöket på akutmottagningen. Väntetiden tyder sig vara den mest betydande faktorn för patienttillfredsställelse i kombination med att triagesystemet påverkade hur länge patienterna faktiskt väntade på akutmottagningen. Forskning finns om vilka faktorer som var betydande för patienterna på akutmottagningen, ändå var patienterna fortsatt otillfredsställda och ovetande på akutmottagningen. Ytterligare forskning behövs kring samband mellan faktorer som är betydande för patienttillfredsställelsen på akutmottagningen och specifikt triagesystemets betydelse för väntetider och patienttillfredsställelse. Även forskning om triagesystemet är ett fungerande system, då samband visats med väntetider.<br>Aim: To describe the factors of patient satisfaction in the emergency department. Method: A literature review with descriptive design. The data was based on 13 articles searched in the PubMed database.Result: In total, seven factors of patient satisfaction of care were identified in the emergency department. The factors were the patient's background, health professional response, information, communication, the triage process, waiting time and the environment. The result showed that the main factor that had an impact on patient satisfaction in the emergency department was waiting time, the uncertainty surrounding this and the impact of the triageprocess. Conclusion: The factors shown to be important in itself, and more importantly, in combination with each other. If patients were dissatisfied with one factor it often affected the satisfaction of the other factors during the visit to the emergency department. The waiting time suggest being the most significant factor for patient satisfaction and the triage system affected how long the patients actually waited in the emergency department. Research exists on what factors that are significant for patients in the emergency department. Yet patients continued to be unsatisfied and unaware in the emergency department. Further research is needed about the relationship between the factors that are important for patient satisfaction in the emergency department and specific the triage system's impact on waiting times and patient satisfaction. Also research on the triage system as a functioning system, as association showed to waiting times.
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Loriston, Izienne P. "Informing BPM practice in Emergency Units of South African hospitals for improved patient flow." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28442.
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Globally, higher healthcare demand strains existing systems, already overburdened by a lack of resources and funding while longer life expectancy and increased disease burden force higher patient loads. A majority of the South African population is medically uninsured and therefore depend on emergency care; consequently, the healthcare service demand easily exceeds available acute care to prevent life threat. When this happens, emergency centres suffer from overcrowding and long patient waiting times, which increases morbidity and mortality, associated patient risk. Moreover, critical resources such as staff and hospital beds are required for an even flow of patients through hospitals, but are distributed inefficiently. The South African healthcare system configuration therefore delays access to and compromises the delivery of equitable, unbiased life-saving healthcare in an environment moreover challenged by economic pressures. This calls for sustainable, cost-effective reform. Therefore, more efficient healthcare can save more lives by improving access to life-saving care. Research on current Healthcare Information Systems (HIS) shows an incoherent knowledge body with conceptual gaps in theories on healthcare, which disengages transformation potential. Comprehensive reform tactics thus require a priori concept discovery and diagnostics to make research practically useful. The systematic use of BPM theories allowed for the qualitative assessment of as-is process activity at patient touch-points at three hospitals – two public and one private – in the Western Cape of South Africa. Because a strategic Information Systems (IS) methodology, Business Process Management (BPM) poses business process activity improvement, this research draws from successful BPM activity as a means to improve patient flow processes in Emergency Centres (ECs). Success is evaluated by drawing from empirically supported enabler categories and prescriptive guidelines because BPM practice is not yet fully understood. The results show a clear correlation between the improvement areas at the three hospitals; improvements on aspects of actions and decisions taken during patient-flow process activity, therefore support a pragmatic approach to reform. The data confirms disparity between public and private healthcare. Healthcare appears to be a “doctor driven” service, which, based on qualitative decision-making, navigates patients along defined flows, enabled by supporting human capital and hospital assets. Optimal patient flow is a product of symbiotic working relationships and depends on efficient integration with wider hospital functions. Shorter waiting times and hospital stays reduce process burden. This leads to more efficient resource usage and regulated access to healthcare. However, integrated healthcare reform must consider the time demands and rigidity of clinical processes. The challenge lies in finding the space to invite parallel business agility to drive the reform of the stricken healthcare industry in South Africa.
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Nonnenmacher, Carine Lais. "Sistema de Triagem de Manchester no infarto agudo do miocárdio : determinantes da prioridade de atendimento." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/152726.
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O Sistema de Triagem de Manchester (STM) é proposto como importante protocolo para assegurar o atendimento dos pacientes por critérios de gravidade clínica. Dentre os pacientes priorizados estão os com dor precordial ou cardíaca. Contudo, a heterogeneidade da dor torácica pode levar à classificação de menor gravidade, retardando o início da terapêutica de pacientes com Infarto Agudo do Miocárdio (IAM). Assim, esta pesquisa objetivou analisar os determinantes da prioridade de atendimento pelo STM para pacientes com IAM. Desenvolveu-se um estudo de coorte retrospectivo em uma emergência do sul do Brasil, com amostra de 217 pacientes com diagnóstico médico primário de IAM. A coleta de dados foi realizada em prontuário, no período entre março/2014 a fevereiro/2015. Para a análise estatística dos dados os pacientes foram agrupados em dois grupos: prioridade elevada (emergente e muito urgente) e prioridade não elevada (urgente, pouco urgente e não urgente). O projeto de pesquisa foi aprovado em comitê de ética. Os resultados demonstraram que o sexo masculino foi majoritário, com média de idade de 62,1 ±12,4 anos e predominância dos fatores de risco hipertensão e tabagismo. Para 116 (53,4%) pacientes foi atribuída a prioridade não elevada de atendimento pelo STM. Sessenta e quatro (29,5%) pacientes tiveram IAM com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST, 29 (45,3%) deles recebeu prioridade não elevada. O fluxograma Dor torácica (77,9%) e os discriminadores Dor precordial ou cardíaca (27,6%) e Dor moderada (22,5%) foram os mais selecionados. Tosse e dor abdominal (p = 0,039), tempo de início dos sintomas superior há 24 horas (p <0,001) e intensidade de dor leve ou moderada (p = 0,002) foram preditores clínicos associados à determinação de prioridade não elevada. Sudorese (p = 0,048) e níveis elevados de pressão arterial sistólica (p = 0,011) e diastólica (p = 0,003) foram associados à prioridade elevada. Houve associação entre prioridade não elevada com tempos para classificação de risco (p <0,001), porta-ECG (p <0,001) e porta-troponina maiores (p = 0,008). Não foi identificada diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os dois grupos para os tempos porta-agulha (p = 0,600) e porta-balão (p = 0,345). Os resultados forneceram subsídios para o julgamento clínico do enfermeiro triador.<br>The Manchester Triage System (MTS) risk classification is proposed as an important protocol to assure the assistance of patients based on clinical severity criteria. Among priority patients are who have precordial or cardiac pain. However, the heterogeneity of the clinical presentation of chest pain for individuals can lead to its classification as minor severity, delaying the start of appropriate treatment for Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) patients. Thus, this research aimed to analyze determinants for service priority based on the MTS for patients with AMI. A retrospective cohort study in an emergency department of southern Brazil with a sample of 217 patients with a primary medical diagnosis of AMI was developed. Data collection was carried out from medical records between March 2014 and February 2015. For data analysis, patients were grouped into two groups: high priority (emergency and very urgency) and non-high priority (urgency, less urgency, and non-urgency). The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee. Results showed a majority of males, with a mean age of 62.1 ± 12.4 years, and with prevalence of the risk factors hypertension and smoking. For 116 (53.4%) patients, a non-high priority based on MTS was attributed. Sixty-four (29.5%) patients had AMI with segment ST supradepression, where 29 (45.3%) received non-high priority. The flowchart Thoracic Pain (77.9%) and the discriminators precordial or cardiac Pain (27.6%) and moderate Pain (22.5%) were the most selected. Clinical predictors associated with the determination of non-high priority were: cough and abdominal pain (p=0.039), start time of symptoms greater than 24 hours (p<0.001), and mild or moderate pain intensity (p=0.002). High priority was associated with sweating (p=0.048), and elevated levels of arterial systolic (p=0.011) and diastolic (p=0.003) blood pressure. There was an association between non-high priority with greater time to risk classification (p<0.001), door-to-ECG (p<0.001), and greater door-to-troponin (p=0.008). No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups for door-to-needle (p=0.600) and door-to-balloon (p=0.345) time. Results provide resources to support triage nurses’ clinical judgment.<br>El Sistema de Triaje Manchester (STM) es propuesto como un importante protocolo para asegurar la atención a los pacientes por criterios de gravedad clínica. Entre los pacientes priorizados están los que tienen dolor precordial o cardiaco. Sin embargo, la heterogeneidad del dolor torácico puede llevar a una clasificación de menor gravedad, lo que retrasa el inicio de la terapia para los pacientes con Infarto Agudo de Miocardio (IAM). Por lo tanto, este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar los determinantes de la prioridad de atención por el STM para los pacientes con IAM. Se desarrolló un estudio de cohorte retrospectivo en el servicio de urgencias en el sur de Brasil, con una muestra de 217 pacientes con diagnóstico médico primario de IAM. La recolección de datos fue realizada en la historia clínica, en el periodo entre marzo/2014 y febrero/2015. Para el análisis estadístico de los datos los pacientes fueron clasificados en dos grupos: prioridad elevada (inmediata y muy urgente) y prioridad no elevada (urgente, menos urgente y no urgente). El proyecto de investigación fue aprobado por el comité de ética. Los resultados mostraron que el sexo masculino eran la mayoría, con una edad media de 62,1± 12,4 años y predominio de los factores de riesgo hipertensión y tabaquismo. Para 116 (53,4%) pacientes fue atribuida la prioridad no elevada de atención por el STM. Sesenta y cuatro (29,5%) pacientes tuvieron IAM con supradesnivel del segmento ST, 29 (45,3%) de ellos recibió prioridad no elevada. El flujograma Dolor torácica (77,9%) y los discriminadores Dolor precordial o cardiaco (27,6%) y Dolor moderado (22,5%) fueron los más seleccionados. Tos y dolor abdominal (p=0,039), tiempo de inicio de los síntomas superior a 24 horas (p<0,001) e intensidad del dolor leve a moderado (p=0,002) fueron predictores clínicos asociados a la determinación de la prioridad no elevada. Sudoración (p=0,048) y niveles elevados de presión arterial sistólica (p=0,011) y diastólica (p=0,003) fueron asociados a la prioridad elevada. Hubo asociación entre prioridad no elevada con tiempos para clasificación de riesgo (p<0,001), puerta-ECG (p<0,001) y puerta-troponina mayores (p=0,008). No fue identificada diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los dos grupos para los tiempos puerta-aguja (p=0,600) y puerta-balón (p=0,345). Los resultados proporcionaron subsidios para el juicio clínico del enfermero que realiza el triaje.