To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Emergency vehicles with priority rights.
Journal articles on the topic 'Emergency vehicles with priority rights'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Emergency vehicles with priority rights.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
., Arshiya. "Intelligent Traffic Control System with Priority to Emergency Vehicles." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VII (July 10, 2021): 413–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36340.
Full textAbstract:
In static road dividers the number of lanes on either side of the road is fixed and cannot be extended. This can be a major problem during peak traffic hours. The situation is abysmal when emergency vehicles are required to wait for other vehicles to give way at traffic intersections. This causes large time delays and may affect the emergency case. These traffic issues faced by emergency vehicles and daily commuters can be avoided by using this proposed traffic control system based on image processing and IoT. As a result, this project successfully analyzes and implements an Intelligent traffic control system with priority given to emergency vehicles.
2
Vani, R., N. Thendral, J. C. Kavitha, and N. P. G. Bhavani. "Intelligent Traffic Control System with Priority to Emergency Vehicles." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 455 (December 19, 2018): 012023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/455/1/012023.
Full text
3
Lee, Soong-bong, Jin-soo Lee, Jae-min Jang, and Young-Ihn Lee. "A Fusion Priority Signal Control Algorithm for Emergency Vehicles." Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems 17, no. 2 (April 30, 2018): 113–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.12815/kits.2018.17.2.113.
Full text
4
Wang, Jiawen, Wanjing Ma, and Xiaoguang Yang. "Development of Degree-of-Priority Based Control Strategy for Emergency Vehicle Preemption Operation." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/283207.
Full textAbstract:
This paper proposes a degree-of-priority based control strategy for emergency vehicle preemption operation to decrease the impacts of emergency vehicles on normal traffic. The proposed model features its effectiveness to the following three aspects: (1) a multilayer fuzzy model was established to determine the degree-of-priority based on emergency vehicle preemption demand intensity and preemption influence intensity; (2) for emergency vehicles with proper classification, a travel time estimation model for emergency traffic was formulated, an optimal emergency route determines model based on the level of priority of emergency events, and the emergency vehicle travel time was developed to minimize evacuation time as well as minimize the adverse impacts of preemption on normal traffic; and (3) a conditional traffic signals priority control method at each intersection of the evacuation route was built, so that traffic queue at each intersection can be cleared before the arrival of emergency vehicles. A simulation model based on field data was developed, and the performance of the proposed strategy was compared with the conventional local detection based method under the microscopic simulation model. The results validated the efficiency of the proposed strategy in terms of minimizing the delay of emergency vehicles and reducing adverse impacts on normal traffic.
5
Lee, Jongwoo, Soong-bong Lee, Jinsoo Lee, Ki Hun Um, and Young-Ihn Lee. "A Passive Traffic Signal Priority Control Algorithm for Emergency Vehicles." Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems 16, no. 3 (June 30, 2017): 110–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12815/kits.2017.16.3.110.
Full text
6
Koike, Norimitsu, and Toshihide Fukai. "Study on Signal Priority Systems for Vehicles in Emergency Dispatch." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 36, no. 14 (August 2003): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)32419-9.
Full text
7
Budd, Laurie, and Stuart Newstead. "Identifying Future Vehicle Safety Priority Areas in Australia for the Light Vehicle Fleet." Journal of Road Safety 32, no. 3 (August 1, 2021): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33492/jrs-d-21-00001.
Full textAbstract:
Formulating priorities for future road safety strategies requires supporting analysis to predict what the future crash population will look like and to assess how the countermeasures either already in place or planned will address the crash problems forecast. This analysis aimed to identify future priority action areas for light vehicle safety by identifying crash types that will not be fully addressed in the future by projected improvements in active and passive safety in the Australian light vehicle fleet. The future crash profile was modelled from 2017 to 2030 using crash data from 5 Australian jurisdictions overlayed with available evidence on vehicle safety feature fitment and effectiveness. The methodology can be applied to larger sets of safety technologies when sufficient evidence and supporting crash data become available. Three future vehicle safety priority areas were identified from the analysis: (i) fatal pedestrian crashes, (ii) single vehicle frontal crashes with objects, and (iii) front-to-front vehicle crashes both at intersections and midblocks, and front-to-side impacts at intersections including straight crossing path and right turn across path crash types. These crash types were projected to be the largest contributors to fatalities by 2030. Projections showed that remaining crash types in 2030 will be poorly addressed by current vehicle safety technologies such as autonomous emergency braking, lane departure warning and electronic stability control. Future vehicle safety policy priorities should address these crash types through the development of additional or enhanced vehicle safety technologies and where vehicle safety technology proves inadequate other countermeasures such as road infrastructure treatments and appropriate speed limit setting for high risk environments that address the key crash types remaining in the system.
8
Lin, Ciyun, and Bowen Gong. "Transit-Based Emergency Evacuation with Transit Signal Priority in Sudden-Onset Disaster." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2016 (2016): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3625342.
Full textAbstract:
This study presents methods of transit signal priority without transit-only lanes for a transit-based emergency evacuation in a sudden-onset disaster. Arterial priority signal coordination is optimized when a traffic signal control system provides priority signals for transit vehicles along an evacuation route. Transit signal priority is determined by “transit vehicle arrival time estimation,” “queuing vehicle dissipation time estimation,” “traffic signal status estimation,” “transit signal optimization,” and “arterial traffic signal coordination for transit vehicle in evacuation route.” It takes advantage of the large capacities of transit vehicles, reduces the evacuation time, and evacuates as many evacuees as possible. The proposed methods were tested on a simulation platform with Paramics V6.0. To evaluate and compare the performance of transit signal priority, three scenarios were simulated in the simulator. The results indicate that the methods of this study can reduce the travel times of transit vehicles along an evacuation route by 13% and 10%, improve the standard deviation of travel time by 16% and 46%, and decrease the average person delay at a signalized intersection by 22% and 17% when the traffic flow saturation along an evacuation route is0.8<V/C≤1.0andV/C>1.0, respectively.
9
Davies, Iwan R. "Sales law and the negotiability of motor vehicles: a legal conundrum*." Legal Studies 15, no. 1 (March 1995): 14–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-121x.1995.tb00050.x.
Full textAbstract:
The traditional common law analysis where a third party wishes to acquire an indefeasible interest in a chattel is to direct the latter to the ‘owner’, as the prerequisite for the enjoyment of most property rights depends upon our ability to acquire these from someone else. In this respect, the issue of whether a disposition constitutes the extinguishment of an interest in the chattel or whether a dealing raises priority questions is fundamental. Extinguishment issues go to rights of ownership, typically, where the property of A is misappropriated by a third party T who disposes of it to B, and the question of law is whether B prevails against A with its attendant consequence of extinguishing A's title. In contrast, a priority dispute arises where there are competing security interests in the same chattel which may be resolved either through a subordination agreement or through clear priority rules.
10
Shibuya, Shuetsu, Toshihiro Yoshida, Zuiki Yamashiro, and Makoto Miyawaki. "Fast Emergency Vehicle Preemption Systems." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1739, no. 1 (January 2000): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1739-06.
Full textAbstract:
In an automotive society that increasingly depends on cars, the National Police Agency is tackling the problem of operation support of emergency vehicles for incidents, accidents, and other emergency cases in order to manage traffic appropriately. This support of emergency vehicle operations is considered to be one of nine developing fields in Japan’s intelligent transportation systems. Recently, to deal with an increasing crime rate, a growing number of accidents, and problems with the elderly, more and more emergency vehicles are being dispatched. Against this background, it is indispensable for the police administration, as the manager of traffic and as an important instrument for maintaining peace and order, to help emergency vehicles in urgent situations reach the scene at the earliest possible moment and to prevent accidents during operations. Fast emergency preemption systems have a two-way communication function through the use of an infrared beacon, which is the key infrastructure of a traffic control system. Such a system supports the operation of emergency vehicles in a safe and effective manner by using route guidance and priority signal control; it also warns civilian vehicles about approaching emergency vehicles.
11
Lu, Qiang, and Kyoung-Dae Kim. "A Genetic Algorithm Approach for Expedited Crossing of Emergency Vehicles in Connected and Autonomous Intersection Traffic." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2017 (2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7318917.
Full textAbstract:
This paper proposes an intersection control algorithm which aims to determine an efficient vehicle-passing sequence that allows the emergency vehicle to cross an intersection as soon as possible while the travel times of other vehicles are minimally affected. When there are no emergency vehicles within the intersection area, the vehicles are controlled by the DICA that we proposed in our earlier work. When there are emergency vehicles entering the communication range, we prioritize emergency vehicles through optimal ordering of vehicles. Since the number of possible vehicle-passing sequences increases rapidly with the number of vehicles, finding an efficient sequence of vehicles in a short time is the main challenge of the study. A genetic algorithm is proposed to solve the optimization problem which finds the optimal vehicle sequence that gives the emergency vehicles the highest priority. The efficiency of the proposed approach for expedited crossing of emergency vehicles is validated through comparisons with DICA and a reactive traffic light algorithm through extensive simulations. The results show that the proposed genetic algorithm is able to decrease the travel times of emergency vehicles significantly in light and medium traffic volumes without causing any noticeable performance degradation of normal vehicles.
12
Kim, Jin-Hyeon, and Hyo-Ju Lee. "Study on Cases of Priority Traffic Signal System for Emergency Vehicles: Based on a City’s Pilot Operation Cases in Chungcheongbukdo Province." Fire Science and Engineering 34, no. 1 (February 29, 2020): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.7731/kifse.2020.34.1.121.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study is to suggest ways to capitalize on the golden period for timely response to fire and emergency victims. To implement a system to effectively capitalize on the golden period, there is a need for policy measures as well as legal and social consensus. Precedent research has relentlessly mentioned the need for and feasibility of the priority traffic system for emergency vehicles. To this end, the present study involved an analysis of pilot cases of the priority traffic signal system for emergency vehicles introduced in a city during 26 days, from April 3 to 28, 2017. Out of 58 cases registered with the local 1-1-9 fire house, the number of cases that took advantage of the priority traffic system stood at 16 in response to fire and 11 to first-aid operations. Owing to the system, on average, the response time reduced by 3 min and 50 s in case of fire and by 3 min and 30 s for first aid. There were four complaints registered owing to traffic congestion, and the number of car accidents declined to one from six over the same period in the previous year. Based on these findings, it is safe to say that the priority traffic signal system would be effective for emergency vehicles to capitalize on the golden period if issues identified during the pilot run are resolved.
13
Toy, Charmaine, Luis Alvarez, and Roberto Horowitz. "Nonstationary Velocity Profiles for Emergency Vehicles on Automated Highways." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 124, no. 1 (May 18, 2000): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1434981.
Full textAbstract:
This paper explores the notion and usefulness of nonstationary velocity profiles for high priority emergency vehicle transit on automated highways. These profiles are intended for use in the link layer of the hierarchical control architecture defined by the California Partners for Automated Transit and Highways (PATH) program. A non-stationary velocity profile which can be used to circulate traffic around a faster moving emergency vehicle is introduced. The effects on traffic flow are illustrated. A traffic flow controller that sustains nonstationary velocity profiles on fully automated highways is designed. Controller stability is discussed stressing the usefulness of nonstationary velocity profiles in creating a moving area of low vehicle density. Simulation results obtained using SmartCap, a traffic flow simulation program, demonstrate the fast circulation of an emergency vehicle in AHS while high traffic flow is maintained.
14
Li, Jiangchen, Chen Qiu, Liqun Peng, and Tony Z. Qiu. "Signal Priority Request Delay Modeling and Mitigation for Emergency Vehicles in Connected Vehicle Environment." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 18 (August 27, 2018): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118774184.
Full textAbstract:
Connected vehicle-based signal priority control is widely regarded as an advanced method for improving travel efficiency of an emergency vehicle when passing through intersections. However, the vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication delay is a critical factor affecting the performance of signal request and has rarely been considered in existing studies. This paper conducted a comprehensive delay analysis of the preemption signal request and its influence on practical preemption control for the emergency vehicle. First of all, a general end-to-end delay decomposition model is formulated to analyze significant delay uncertainties from different sources. Then, a compensated distance strategy is adopted for cooperative preemption control to ensure the reliability of preemption control and minimize impacts on performance caused by communication delay. Based on the analysis of field data and numerical results, the proposed model is able to reveal characteristics of communication delay for multimodal traffic signal control with priority. The proposed communication delay compensation strategy shows clear benefits in improving the performance of signal preemption control priority for an emergency vehicle at intersections and therefore has potential to enhance V2X applications in a connected vehicle environment.
15
Li, Jiali, Yugang Liu, Hongtai Yang, and Bin Chen. "Bus Priority Signal Control Considering Delays of Passengers and Pedestrians of Adjacent Intersections." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2020 (January 20, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3935795.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper, a bus priority signal control (BPSC) method based on delays of passengers and pedestrians at adjacent intersections, is proposed. The influences of BPSC on passenger and pedestrian delay at adjacent intersections under the condition of coordinated control of green waves are studied. The implementation of BPSC at intersections not only reduces the delay of bus passengers, social vehicle passengers and pedestrians, but also improves the traffic flow of priority buses and social vehicles at downstream intersections. This study takes the green phase extension as an example of the active BPSC strategy, and analyzes three cases of priority vehicles reaching downstream intersection. Firstly, passenger and pedestrian delays at adjacent intersections are calculated under different traffic situations. Secondly, models with the goal of maximizing the reduced total delays are established. Thirdly, three algorithms are used to solve the problem to obtain the optimal signal timing adjustment scheme at upstream intersections. Ultimately, the result shows that the BPSC can effectively reduce pedestrian delays at intersections, protect the rights and interests of pedestrians, reduce the delays of priority vehicles, and maximize the reduced total delay.
16
Griffiths, RN, BAN, MHP, Jane L., Neil R. Kirby, ASM, MPH, B Bus HRD, BA, Ass Dip App Sc (Ambulance), and James A. Waterson, RN, BA (Hons), M. Med Ed. "Three years experience with forward-site mass casualty triage-, evacuation-, operating room-, ICU-, and radiography-enabled disaster vehicles: Development of usage strategies from drills and deployments." American Journal of Disaster Medicine 9, no. 4 (October 1, 2014): 273–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/ajdm.2014.0179.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: Delineation of the advantages and problems related to the use of forward-site operating room-, Intensive Care Unit (ICU)-, radiography-, and mass casualty-enabled disaster vehicles for site evacuation, patient stabilization, and triage. Setting: The vehicles discussed have six ventilated ICU spaces, two ORs, on-site radiography, 21 intermediate acuity spaces with stretchers, and 54 seated minor acuity spaces. Each space has piped oxygen with an independent vehicle-loaded supply. The vehicles are operated by the Dubai Corporate Ambulance Services. Their support hospital is the main trauma center for the Emirate of Dubai and provides the vehicles' surgical, intensivist, anesthesia, and nursing staff. The disaster vehicles have been deployed 264 times in the last 5 years (these figures do not include deployments for drills).Interventions: Introducing this new service required extensive initial planning and ongoing analysis of the performance of the disaster vehicles that offer ambulance services and receiving hospitals a largearray of possibilities in terms of triage, stabilization of priority I and II patients, and management of priority III patients.Preliminary results: In both drills and in disasters, the vehicles were valuable in forward triage and stabilization and in the transport of large numbers of priority III patients. This has avoided the depletion of emergency transport available for priority I and II patients.Conclusions: The successful utilization of disaster vehicles requires seamless cooperation between the hospital staffing the vehicles and the ambulance service deploying them. They are particularly effective during preplanned deployments to high-risk situations. These vehicles also potentially provide self-sufficient refuges for forward teams in hostile environments.
17
Gamberini, Lorenzo, Cosimo Picoco, Donatella Del Giudice, Corrado Zenesini, Marco Tartaglione, Carlo Coniglio, Federico Semeraro, Fabrizio Bizzi, Stefano Santini, and Giovanni Gordini. "Improving the Appropriateness of Advanced Life Support Teams’ Dispatch: A Before-After Study." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 36, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x21000030.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractBackground and Importance:The dispatch of Advanced Life Support (ALS) teams in Emergency Medical Services (EMS) is still a hardly studied aspect of prehospital emergency logistics. In 2015, the dispatch algorithm of Emilia Est Emergency Operation Centre (EE-EOC) was implemented and the dispatch of ALS teams was changed from primary to secondary based on triage of dispatched vehicles for high-priority interventions when teams with Immediate Life Support (ILS) skills were dispatched.Objectives:This study aimed to evaluate the effects on the appropriateness of ALS teams’ intervention and their employment time, and to compare sensitivity and specificity of the algorithm implementation.Design:This was a retrospective before-after observational study.Settings and Participants:Primary dispatches managed by EE-EOC involving ambulances and/or ALS teams were included. Two groups were created on the basis of the years of intervention (2013-2014 versus 2017-2018).Intervention:A switch from primary to secondary dispatch of ALS teams in case of high-priority dispatches managed by ILS teams was implemented.Outcomes:Appropriateness of ALS team intervention, total task time of ALS vehicles, and sensitivity and specificity of the algorithm were reviewed.Results:The study included 242,501 emergency calls that generated 56,567 red code dispatches. The new algorithm significantly increased global sensitivity and specificity of the system in terms of recognition of potential need of ALS intervention and the specificity of primary ALS dispatch. The appropriateness of ALS intervention was significantly increased; total tasking time per day for ALS and the number of critical dispatches without ALS available were reduced.Conclusion:The revision of the dispatch criteria and the extension of the two-tiered dispatch for ALS teams significantly increased the appropriateness of ALS intervention and reduced both the global tasking time and the number of high-priority dispatches without ALS teams available.
18
Zhang, Hui, Rongqing Zhang, Chen Chen, Dongliang Duan, Xiang Cheng, and Liuqing Yang. "A Priority-Based Autonomous Intersection Management (AIM) Scheme for Connected Automated Vehicles (CAVs)." Vehicles 3, no. 3 (August 13, 2021): 533–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vehicles3030032.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper, we investigate the intersection traffic management for connected automated vehicles (CAVs). In particular, a decentralized autonomous intersection management scheme that takes into account both the traffic efficiency and scheduling flexibility is proposed, which adopts a novel intersection–vehicle model to check conflicts among CAVs in the entire intersection area. In addition, a priority-based collision-avoidance rule is set to improve the performance of traffic efficiency and shorten the delays of emergency CAVs. Moreover, a multi-objective function is designed to obtain the optimal trajectories of CAVs, which considers ride comfort, velocities of CAVs, fuel consumption, and the constraints of safety, velocity, and acceleration. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed scheme can achieve good performance in terms of traffic efficiency and shortening the delays of emergency CAVs.
19
KO, Eunjeong, Junhan CHO, and Jooyoung LEE. "A Study on Improving Operational Criteria of Preemption/Priority Signal Control for Emergency Vehicles." Journal of Korean Society of Transportation 39, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 299–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.7470/jkst.2021.39.3.299.
Full text
20
Bremer, Anders, María Jiménez Herrera, Christer Axelsson, Dolors Burjalés Martí, Lars Sandman, and Gian Luca Casali. "Ethical values in emergency medical services." Nursing Ethics 22, no. 8 (October 28, 2014): 928–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733014551597.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Ambulance professionals often address conflicts between ethical values. As individuals’ values represent basic convictions of what is right or good and motivate behaviour, research is needed to understand their value profiles. Objectives: To translate and adapt the Managerial Values Profile to Spanish and Swedish, and measure the presence of utilitarianism, moral rights and/or social justice in ambulance professionals’ value profiles in Spain and Sweden. Methods: The instrument was translated and culturally adapted. A content validity index was calculated. Pilot tests were carried out with 46 participants. Ethical considerations: This study conforms to the ethical principles for research involving human subjects and adheres to national laws and regulations concerning informed consent and confidentiality. Findings: Spanish professionals favoured justice and Swedish professionals’ rights in their ambulance organizations. Both countries favoured utilitarianism least. Gender differences across countries showed that males favoured rights. Spanish female professionals favoured justice most strongly of all. Discussion: Swedes favour rights while Spaniards favour justice. Both contexts scored low on utilitarianism focusing on total population effect, preferring the opposite, individualized approach of the rights and justice perspectives. Organizational investment in a utilitarian perspective might jeopardize ambulance professionals’ moral right to make individual assessments based on the needs of the patient at hand. Utilitarianism and a caring ethos appear as stark opposites. However, a caring ethos in its turn might well involve unreasonable demands on the individual carer’s professional role. Since both the justice and rights perspectives portrayed in the survey mainly concern relationship to the organization and peers within the organization, this relationship might at worst be given priority over the equal treatment and moral rights of the patient. Conclusion: A balanced view on ethical perspectives is needed to make professionals observant and ready to act optimally – especially if these perspectives are used in patient care. Research is needed to clarify how justice and rights are prioritized by ambulance services and whether or not these organization-related values are also implemented in patient care.
21
Allen, Craig H. "The Seabots are Coming Here: Should they be Treated as ‘Vessels’?" Journal of Navigation 65, no. 4 (May 30, 2012): 749–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463312000197.
Full textAbstract:
Unmanned Marine Vehicles (UMVs), like their aerial cousins Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), are not easily classified under existing legal regimes. Even though unmanned, should these seagoing drones be treated as ‘vessels’ under the Law of the Sea Convention articles on navigation rights and duties? Are they ‘vessels’ under the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs, 1972)? If so, should they be accorded a manoeuvring priority vis-à-vis other vessels? Are the differences between autonomous UMVs and the increasingly automated manned vessels all that great, such that classification should turn on whether the vessel is manned rather than on how navigation and collision avoidance decisions are made and executed?
22
Elsagheer Mohamed, Samir A., and Khaled A. AlShalfan. "Intelligent Traffic Management System Based on the Internet of Vehicles (IoV)." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2021 (May 26, 2021): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4037533.
Full textAbstract:
The present era is marked by rapid improvement and advances in technology. One of the most essential areas that demand improvement is the traffic signal, as it constitutes the core of the traffic system. This demand becomes stringent with the development of Smart Cities. Unfortunately, road traffic is currently controlled by very old traffic signals (tri-color signals) regardless of the relentless effort devoted to developing and improving the traffic flow. These traditional traffic signals have many problems including inefficient time management in road intersections; they are not immune to some environmental conditions, like rain; and they have no means of giving priority to emergency vehicles. New technologies like Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANET) and Internet of Vehicles (IoV) enable vehicles to communicate with those nearby and with a dedicated infrastructure wirelessly. In this paper, we propose a new traffic management system based on the existing VANET and IoV that is suitable for future traffic systems and Smart Cities. In this paper, we present the architecture of our proposed Intelligent Traffic Management System (ITMS) and Smart Traffic Signal (STS) controller. We present local traffic management of an intersection based on the demands of future Smart Cities for fairness, reducing commute time, providing reasonable traffic flow, reducing traffic congestion, and giving priority to emergency vehicles. Simulation results showed that the proposed system outperforms the traditional management system and could be a candidate for the traffic management system in future Smart Cities. Our proposed adaptive algorithm not only significantly reduces the average waiting time (delay) but also increases the number of serviced vehicles. Besides, we present the implemented hardware prototype for STS.
23
Zhang, Tianjiao, and Qi Zhu. "A QoS Based Adaptive Backoff Scheme for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks." Sensors 18, no. 12 (December 14, 2018): 4421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18124421.
Full textAbstract:
The media access control (MAC) protocol is a key element in the design of vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) that directly affects the network performance. The backoff schemes of existing MAC protocols apply the single backoff process and therefore are not suitable for multi-class data transmission. Additionally, they cannot satisfy the delay requirements of emergency data in the case of varying number of vehicles, causing an adverse effect to the intelligent transportation system (ITS). This paper presents a priority-based adaptive backoff scheme that can enhance the binary exponential backoff (BEB) algorithm as well as the polynomial backoff (QB) algorithm. This system distinguishes priority data with different delay requirements first and designs different backoff schemes for each type of data later. The two-dimensional Markov Chain is used to analyze the backoff scheme and determine the expressions for throughput and delay. The simulation results show that the backoff scheme provided by this paper can reduce the average data delay and regulate each kind of data delay adaptively, according to the varying number of vehicles and different delay requirements.
24
Ni, Feng, Linfang Yan, Ke Wu, Mengxuan Shi, Jianyu Zhou, and Xia Chen. "Hierarchical Optimization of Electric Vehicle System Charging Plan Based on the Scheduling Priority." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 28, no. 13 (February 4, 2019): 1950221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126619502219.
Full textAbstract:
Unregulated charging of a large number of electric vehicles (EVs) simultaneously may cause electricity shortages and price spikes in the power market. This paper deals with the optimization of EV charging strategy using the priority sequence. Firstly, the evaluation indices such as the schedulable interval ratio, the emergency probability and the battery losses are proposed. Then a comprehensive evaluation system for the EV scheduling priority is established by adopting the entropy weight method to incorporate multiple indices. Based on the scheduling priority obtained, a double-hierarchical optimal model is proposed, taking into account the constraints such as the demand of the EV owner. Its upper objective aims to minimize the sum of the square of deviation between the actual and the required schedulable capacity of EV aggregator over every interval. The lower one minimizes the sum of EV scheduling priority sequence over the scheduling interval. Case studies with 100 EVs show that the hierarchical optimization model can assist EV aggregator in making effective charging scheme. It is also observed that better flexibility for dispatching EVs can be achieved using multiple indices with weights.
25
Adewale, Ajao Lukman, Ajao Falilat Jumoke, Mutiu Adegboye, and Abideen Ismail. "An Embedded Fuzzy Logic Based Application for Density Traffic Control System." International Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 2, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.29099/ijair.v2i1.44.
Full textAbstract:
The control of density traffic at cross junction road usually manned by human efforts or implementation of automatic traffic light system. This system seem and proves to be inefficient with some challenges. The major constraints of this traffic control are as a result of the inability of most traffic control systems to assign appropriate waiting time for vehicles based on the lane density. Also with little or no consideration for pedestrians, emergency and security agents priorities. In view of this, an intelligent density traffic control system using (fuzzy logic) which is capable of providing priority to the road users based on the density and emergency situations was developed and presented in this paper. This system will obtain the approximate amount of vehicle and presence of pedestrians respectfully on each lane with help of Infrared Sensors (IR) and siren detection system for emergency and security road users. The working principle of this system depending on the logic inputs rules given into the processing unit by the (sensors, S1 and S2) which helps the system to generates a timing sequence that best suit the number of vehicles and pedestrians available on the lane at point in time.
26
Wali, Aamir, Khansa Tanveer, Samreen Fatima, Ayeza Tanveer, and Sara Iftikhar. "An Efficient Cloud-Based Traffic Signal Manipulation Algorithm for Path Clearance." International Journal of Distributed Systems and Technologies 11, no. 2 (April 2020): 32–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijdst.2020040103.
Full textAbstract:
Beside many challenges that urban cities have to face, one of them is increasing traffic. Unfortunately, in developing countries like, for example, Pakistan, the traffic management infrastructure does not scale accordingly. This leads to two types of problems: congestion and long queues at traffic signals. This makes it difficult for emergency vehicles (EV) such as ambulances to reach their destination on time. Therefore, in this article, the authors have developed an intelligent path clearance system for emergency vehicles. The particular focus is on long queues at traffic signals. Given the GPS coordinates of an EV, a destination, a map, and the traffic light grid system, our system provides a signal free corridor to the priority vehicle by automatically manipulating traffic signals that fall in its path using cloud computing. The idea is to clear the path of the vehicle. The proposed system also makes decision based on the time of the day and current traffic conditions in real time. In case of multiple options, it also calculates the shortest path to the destination.
27
Usman, Usman, Panjaitan Albert, Indah Vusvita Sari, Iswandi Idris, and Rizaldy Khair. "Rancang Bangun Traffic Light System Tanggap Darurat Berbasis IoT." Jurnal Sistem Komputer dan Informatika (JSON) 1, no. 3 (May 20, 2020): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.30865/json.v1i3.2187.
Full textAbstract:
At crossroads, both crossing three and crossing four which have traffic lights, there is often heavy traffic. Of course this can hamper the performance of priority vehicles that will cross the intersection. To overcome this, the researchers designed a traffic light microcontroller system using a sound sensor. Sound sensor is an automatic identification technology that uses sound waves that hit the sensor membrane which causes the sensor membrane to move which has a small coil behind the membrane up and down then the sensor will be connected to the lights at each airport parking road junction so that the traffic lights of the parking area and arrival terminal or the release changes automatically. The purpose of this study is expected to produce a traffic light system design that utilizes IOT sound sensor technology to the density of vehicles that are at a crossroads either intersection three or intersection four in order to regulate the smooth flow of vehicles and things emergency vehicles (ambulances, fire engines or officials) can work on time and at the maximum, The output produced is a prototype IoT product and publication to journal
28
Wang, Wenjie, Tao Luo, and Ying Hu. "An Adaptive Information Quantity-Based Broadcast Protocol for Safety Services in VANET." Mobile Information Systems 2016 (2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2195496.
Full textAbstract:
Vehicle-to-vehicle communication plays a significantly important role in implementing safe and efficient road traffic. When disseminating safety messages in the network, the information quantity on safety packets changes over time and space. However, most of existing protocols view each packet the same to disseminate, preventing vehicles from collecting more recent and precise safety information. Hence, an information quantity-based broadcast protocol is proposed in this paper to ensure the efficiency of safety messages dissemination. In particular, we propose the concept of emergency-degree to evaluate packets’ information quantity. Then we present EDCast, an emergency-degree-based broadcast protocol. EDCast differentiates each packet’s priority for accessing the channel based on its emergency-degree so as to provide vehicles with more safety information timely and accurately. In addition, an adaptive scheme is presented to ensure fast dissemination of messages in different network condition. We compare the performance of EDCast with those of three other representative protocols in a typical highway scenario. Simulation results indicate that EDCast achieves higher broadcast efficiency and less redundancy with less delivery delay. What we found demonstrates that it is feasible and necessary for incorporating information quantity of messages in designing an efficient safety message broadcast protocol.
29
Steven Eyobu, Odongo, Jhihoon Joo, and Dong Seog Han. "CMD: A Multichannel Coordination Scheme for Emergency Message Dissemination in IEEE 1609.4." Mobile Information Systems 2018 (November 21, 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9876437.
Full textAbstract:
The IEEE 1609.4 legacy standard for multichannel communications in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), specifies that the control channel (CCH) is dedicated to broadcast safety messages, while the service channels (SCHs) are dedicated to transmit infotainment service content. However, the SCHs can be used as an alternative to transmit high priority safety messages in the event that they are invoked during the service channel interval (SCHI). This implies that there is a need to transmit safety messages across multiple available utilized channels to ensure that all vehicles receive the safety message. Transmission across multiple SCHs using the legacy IEEE 1609.4 requires multiple channel switching and therefore introduces further end-to-end delays. Given that safety messaging is a life critical application, it is important that optimal end-to-end delay performance is derived in multichannel VANET scenarios to ensure reliable safety message dissemination. To tackle this challenge, three primary contributions are in this article: first, a cooperative multichannel coordinator (CMD) selection approach based on the least average separation distance (LAD) to the vehicles that expect to tune to other SCHs and operates during the control channel interval (CCHI) is proposed. Second, a model to determine the optimal time intervals in which CMD operates during the CCHI is proposed. Third, a contention back-off mechanism for safety message transmission during the SCHI is proposed. Computer simulations and mathematical analysis show that CMD performs better than the legacy IEEE 1609.4 and a selected state-of-the-art multichannel message dissemination scheme in terms of end-to-end delay and packet reception ratio.
30
KRISHNAN, SUREN, RAJAN THANGAVELOO, SHAPI-EE BIN ABD RAHMAN, and SIVA RAJA SINDIRAMUTTY. "Smart Ambulance Traffic Control System." Trends in Undergraduate Research 4, no. 1 (June 29, 2021): c28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/tur.2831.2021.
Full textAbstract:
The traffic lights control system is broadly implemented to track and control the flow of vehicles through the intersection of multiple roads. Nevertheless, the synchronization of traffic light system at adjacent junctions is an intricate issue given the different parameters involved. Existing traffic light control systems do not control many flows approaching the same junctions. This results in traffic jams and congestion at urban areas or major cities with high volume traffic consisting of various types of vehicles. This includes emergency ambulances travelling on the same traffic junction during peak hour traffic. Thus, an enhanced traffic light control system is imperative to provide a smooth and free flow for an ambulance on the way to its destination. The Smart Ambulance Traffic Control System proposed in this paper is an integrated system of traffic light control for emergency ambulance service. The traffic lights can be controlled in a timely and efficient manner every time an emergency ambulance is approaching. The Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) is used as an instrument to communicate with traffic lights during traffic congestion. The emergency ambulance driver needs to activate the RFID tag to allow the detection of RFID readers to control the traffic light operation at the upcoming traffic light junctions. The traffic lights in the path of the ambulance are forced to be green to allow the emergency ambulance to pass through the junction with top priority. Immediately after the ambulance has passed the junction, the control system will reset and return to normal operations.
31
Massot, Jean. "Le juge administratif protecteur de la liberté individuelle." Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta u Splitu 54, no. 1 (February 23, 2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31141/10.31141.zrpfs.2017.54.123.001.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction; Individual and civil freedoms; Individual freedom and the right to not being succumbed to self-willed closure; control of general acts. I the administrative judge for a long time has protected individual freedoms; I.1 In normal times; Freedom of Movement: passports, rights of foreigners, coerced psychiatric treatment; Freedom to enter Marriage, family life and free carrying out of profession; House of Taxation Search I.2 In times of crisis; First World War and the theory of state of emergency; Decolonisation, Terrorism: State of Emergency, Administrative jail and searches; II The administrative judge has developed new tools for confronting new challenges; II.1 New challenges; Human Dignity, Morsang sur Orge, Milhaud and Lambert court decisions; Health and Bioethics, Perruche judgement; Computers and Freedoms, Moon judgement; II.2 New tools; More frequent application of the court practice of the European Court for the protection of human rights; Reducing the area of internal measures (unilateral administrative act) ; Urgent procedure for bringing in measures for the protection of freedom; Priority issue of constitutionality, state of emergency; Conclusion: complementariness, and not competiveness between the general supervisory court and administrative courts.
32
Madera, Adelaide. "The Implications of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Religious Exercise: Preliminary Remarks." Laws 10, no. 2 (June 2, 2021): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/laws10020044.
Full textAbstract:
Since 2020, the spread of COVID-19 has had an overwhelming impact not only on our personal lives, but also on domestic regulatory frameworks. Influential academics have strongly underlined that, in times of deep crisis, such as the current global health crisis, the long-term workability of legal systems is put to a severe test. In this period, in fact, the protection of health has been given priority, as a precondition that is orientating many current legal choices. Such an unprecedented health emergency has also raised a serious challenge in terms of fundamental rights and liberties. Several basic rights that normally enjoy robust protection under constitutional, supranational, and international guarantees, have experienced a devastating “suspension” for the sake of public health and safety, thus giving rise to a vigorous debate concerning whether and to what extent the pandemic emergency justifies limitations on fundamental rights. The present paper introduces the Special Issue on “The crisis of the religious freedom during the age of COVID-19 pandemic”. Taking as a starting point the valuable contributions of the participants in the Special Issue, it explores analogous and distinctive implications of the COVID-19 pandemic in different legal contexts and underlines the relevance of cooperation between religious and public actors to face a global health crisis.
33
Mahmood, Md Sultan, Nilima Haque Ruma, Toufiq Ahmed, and Yukari Nagai. "Exploring Suppliers’ Approaches toward Workplace Safety Compliance in the Global Garment Sector: From Bangladesh Perspective." Social Sciences 10, no. 3 (March 3, 2021): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci10030090.
Full textAbstract:
The readymade garment (RMG) sector is one of the main drivers of the Bangladesh economy with over 4 million employed. In the 2013 Rana Plaza accident aftermath, the implementation of workplace safety compliance (WSC) became imperative. The paper investigated the WSC initiatives implemented by the RMG sector to overcome safety challenges and their effectiveness for a safe and healthy workplace. We employed a multi-case study research strategy over three Bangladeshi garment manufacturers to resolve these queries. The result revealed that the manufacturers joined in the safety governance programs to protect workers’ health safety rights immediately after the accidents. They participated in inspections and remediations programs over structural, electrical, and fire protection as a priority. Moreover, several other human rights conventions, national labor laws and, buyer code of conduct were also adopted as regulatory and voluntary initiatives to settle workers’ health rights and social needs. The WSC enforcement empowered workers to bargain their rights toward a safe workplace and made them responsible for responding during an emergency. Finally, the paper argues that the WSC in the RMG sector nowadays covers a wide range of initiatives in three broad areas: physical environment safety, workers’ health issues, and workers’ rights.
34
Wang, Jian, Xinyu Guo, and Xinyu Yang. "Efficient and Safe Strategies for Intersection Management: A Review." Sensors 21, no. 9 (April 29, 2021): 3096. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21093096.
Full textAbstract:
Intersection management is a sophisticated event in the intelligent transportation system due to a variety of behavior for traffic participants. This paper primarily overviews recent studies on the scenes of intersection, aiming at improving the efficiency or guaranteeing the safety when vehicles pass the crossing. These studies are respectively surveyed from the perspectives of efficiency and safety. Firstly, recent contributions to efficiency-oriented, intersection management overviews from four scenes, including congestion avoidance, green light optimized speed advisory (GLOSA), trajectory planning, and emergency vehicle priority preemption control. Furthermore, the studies on intersection collision detection and abnormal information warning are surveyed in the safety category. The corresponding algorithms for velocity and route management presented in the surveyed works are discussed.
35
Nelson, Eric J., and Darcy Bullock. "Impact of Emergency Vehicle Preemption on Signalized Corridor Operation: An Evaluation." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1727, no. 1 (January 2000): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1727-01.
Full textAbstract:
A case study that examines the impact of emergency vehicle preemption on closely spaced arterial traffic signals is reported. The study was conducted on State Route (SR) 26, a principal arterial and main thoroughfare that connects Interstate 65 with US-52 on the east side of Lafayette, Indiana. Four coordinated intersections along SR-26 were examined by using seven preemption paths and three different transition algorithms (smooth, add, and dwell). The number of preemption calls in the simulation period varied from one to three for equal simulation periods. The findings generally show that a single preemption call had a minimal effect on the overall travel time and delay through the network. The results also indicate that the smooth transitioning algorithm performed the best with most scenarios and paths for both the arterial and the side streets. When multiple emergency vehicles preempt at closely spaced time intervals, the impact of preemption was more severe. For the network studied, the most severe impact on arterial travel time observed was an increase in the average arterial travel time on the order of 20 to 30 s. The study focused on emergency vehicle preemption, but the general procedures described could also be applied to railroad preemption or transit priority.
36
Lubentsov, A. V., and V. A. Varlakhov. "TECHNICAL ANALYSIS OF OPERATIONAL VEHICLE DRIVERS ACTIONS AT A SIGNAL-CONTROLLED INTERSECTION." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics 18 (December 26, 2018): 392–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.32353/khrife.2018.43.
Full textAbstract:
The article is considered issues forensic experts face while forensic avtotechnical examinations (expert research) during technical analysis of drivers actions of operational vehicles at signal-controlled intersections. Recently a large number of traffic accidents occur involving operational vehicles which include vehicles: ambulance, road safety service, emergency rescue service, fire service, cash-in-transit service, patrol service of police and others. Traffic Code of Ukraine define the duties and rights of the operational vehicles drivers carrying out urgent official task can derogate from requirements of sections 8 (except traffic controller signals), 10–18, 26, 27 and item 28.1 of this Code subject to inclusion of blue flashing beacon or red color and a special sound signal and ensuring traffic safety. Drivers of other vehicles in case of a vehicle approaching with blue flashing beacon and (or) a special sound signal, which can create to it an obstacle for movement, must yield the right of way to it and provide unobstructed passage of the specified vehicle (and vehicles accompanied by it). The most common cause of traffic accidents are erroneous actions of road users that require from forensic avtotechnical examiners in-depth analysis and proper assessment regarding requirements of the Traffic Сode of Ukraine and other normative documents. During of the pre-trial investigation and while the judicial inquiry of cases regarding traffic accidents, the analysis of its participants actions is paid special attention. Appointing a forensic avtotechnical examination investigators (judges) are waiting for a forensic examiner performing of in-depth scientific research of actions vehicles drivers based on special knowledge in the field of forensic avtotechnics.
37
Agrawal, Aditi, and Rajeev Paulus. "Improving traffic and emergency vehicle clearence at congested intersections using fuzzy inference engine." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 11, no. 4 (August 1, 2021): 3176. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v11i4.pp3176-3185.
Full textAbstract:
Traffic signals play an important role in controlling and coordinating the traffic movement in cities especially in urban areas. As the traffic is exponentially increasing in cities and the pre-timed traffic light control is insufficient in effective timing of the traffic lights, it leads to poor traffic clearance and ultimately to heavy traffic congestion at intersections. Even the Emergency vehicles like Ambulance and Fire brigade are struck at such intersections and experience a prolonged waiting time. An adaptive and intelligent approach in design of traffic light signals is desirable and this paper contributes in applying fuzzy logic to control traffic signal of single four-way intersection giving priority to the Emergency vehicle clearance. The proposed control system is composed of two parallel controllers to select the appropriate lane for green signal and also to decide the appropriate green light time as per the real time traffic condition. Performance of the proposed system is evaluated by using simulations and comparing with pre-timed control system in changing traffic flow condition. Simulation results show significant improvement over the pre-timed control in terms of traffic clearance and lowering of Emergency vehicle wait time at the intersection especially when traffic intensity is high.
38
Dresner, K., and P. Stone. "A Multiagent Approach to Autonomous Intersection Management." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 31 (March 31, 2008): 591–656. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.2502.
Full textAbstract:
Artificial intelligence research is ushering in a new era of sophisticated, mass-market transportation technology. While computers can already fly a passenger jet better than a trained human pilot, people are still faced with the dangerous yet tedious task of driving automobiles. Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) is the field that focuses on integrating information technology with vehicles and transportation infrastructure to make transportation safer, cheaper, and more efficient. Recent advances in ITS point to a future in which vehicles themselves handle the vast majority of the driving task. Once autonomous vehicles become popular, autonomous interactions amongst multiple vehicles will be possible. Current methods of vehicle coordination, which are all designed to work with human drivers, will be outdated. The bottleneck for roadway efficiency will no longer be the drivers, but rather the mechanism by which those drivers' actions are coordinated. While open-road driving is a well-studied and more-or-less-solved problem, urban traffic scenarios, especially intersections, are much more challenging. We believe current methods for controlling traffic, specifically at intersections, will not be able to take advantage of the increased sensitivity and precision of autonomous vehicles as compared to human drivers. In this article, we suggest an alternative mechanism for coordinating the movement of autonomous vehicles through intersections. Drivers and intersections in this mechanism are treated as autonomous agents in a multiagent system. In this multiagent system, intersections use a new reservation-based approach built around a detailed communication protocol, which we also present. We demonstrate in simulation that our new mechanism has the potential to significantly outperform current intersection control technology -- traffic lights and stop signs. Because our mechanism can emulate a traffic light or stop sign, it subsumes the most popular current methods of intersection control. This article also presents two extensions to the mechanism. The first extension allows the system to control human-driven vehicles in addition to autonomous vehicles. The second gives priority to emergency vehicles without significant cost to civilian vehicles. The mechanism, including both extensions, is implemented and tested in simulation, and we present experimental results that strongly attest to the efficacy of this approach.
39
Vladyko, Andrei, Abdukodir Khakimov, Ammar Muthanna, Abdelhamied A. Ateya, and Andrey Koucheryavy. "Distributed Edge Computing to Assist Ultra-Low-Latency VANET Applications." Future Internet 11, no. 6 (June 4, 2019): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fi11060128.
Full textAbstract:
Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are a recent class of peer-to-peer wireless networks that are used to organize the communication and interaction between cars (V2V), between cars and infrastructure (V2I), and between cars and other types of nodes (V2X). These networks are based on the dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) IEEE 802.11 standards and are mainly intended to organize the exchange of various types of messages, mainly emergency ones, to prevent road accidents, alert when a road accident occurs, or control the priority of the roadway. Initially, it was assumed that cars would only interact with each other, but later, with the advent of the concept of the Internet of things (IoT), interactions with surrounding devices became a demand. However, there are many challenges associated with the interaction of vehicles and the interaction with the road infrastructure. Among the main challenge is the high density and the dramatic increase of the vehicles’ traffic. To this end, this work provides a novel system based on mobile edge computing (MEC) to solve the problem of high traffic density and provides and offloading path to vehicle’s traffic. The proposed system also reduces the total latency of data communicated between vehicles and stationary roadside units (RSUs). Moreover, a latency-aware offloading algorithm is developed for managing and controlling data offloading from vehicles to edge servers. The system was simulated over a reliable environment for performance evaluation, and a real experiment was conducted to validate the proposed system and the developed offloading method.
40
Latif, Shahid, Saeed Mahfooz, Naveed Ahmad, Bilal Jan, Haleem Farman, Murad Khan, and Kijun Han. "Industrial Internet of Things Based Efficient and Reliable Data Dissemination Solution for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2018 (2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1857202.
Full textAbstract:
Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is the other name of industrial Internet. It integrates a variety of existing industrial automation technologies with computing, machine learning, and communication technologies. Vehicular ad hoc network, an application of IIoT, is a self-organized network of vehicles which tends to provide improved road safety, diminished traffic congestion, and ultimate comfort to the travellers. In VANETs, vehicles exchange data with each other directly or through roadside units (RSUs). Data dissemination in VANETs experiences numerous challenging issues including broadcast storm, network partitions, intermittent connectivity between vehicles, and limited bandwidth. In literature, various data dissemination schemes are proposed. However, most of these schemes are designed for either urban or highway VANET scenarios and evaluated under sparse or dense traffic conditions. Moreover, these schemes do not effectively overcome the aforementioned issues simultaneously. In this paper, we present a new data dissemination protocol for VANETs, which disseminates the emergency messages in different scenarios under varying traffic conditions. During dense traffic conditions, DDP4V employs the segmentation of transmission region of a vehicle in order to select the most appropriate next forwarding vehicle (NFV). Accordingly, it divides the transmission region of a vehicle in three distinct segments and selects vehicle(s) inside the highest priority segment to forward the message to all neighbour vehicles, whereas it also uses implicit acknowledgements for guaranteed message delivery during sparse traffic Conditions. Simulation results show that DDP4V protocol outperforms the other existing related protocols in terms of coverage, network overhead, collision, and end-to-end delay.
41
Grozdanova, Rumyana. "The United Kingdom and Diplomatic Assurances: A Minimalist Approach towards the Anti-torture Norm." International Criminal Law Review 15, no. 3 (March 23, 2015): 517–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718123-01503003.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years, domestic counter-terrorism measures have reshaped the relationship between individual terrorist suspects and the state. Regional and international human rights frameworks regulating government behaviour during or after an emergency appear not to be a priority when set against national security concerns. The increasing reliance on diplomatic assurances and memoranda of understanding as means to fulfil the obligations stemming from the anti-torture norm is an illustration of this state approach. These agreements are not enforceable in law, however, they do form part of long established diplomatic practice. What distinguishes the pre- and post- 9/11 terrain is not the use of these agreements per se. Rather, it is the growing use of these agreements as part of extradition or deportation proceedings or as part of irregular transfers such as extraordinary renditions in order to reduce state obligations under the human rights framework. The heavy reliance on these agreements by the United Kingdom, particularly after 9/11, aptly illustrates the changing approach towards national security.
42
Rao, Dr E. V. Krishna, N. Alekhya, K. Rupa, M. Sai Sujith, and Sk Abdulla Aman Ahmed. "Intelligent Traffic Control System Using ARM7 Controller and Image Processing Techniques." Revista Gestão Inovação e Tecnologias 11, no. 4 (July 22, 2021): 2726–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.47059/revistageintec.v11i4.2314.
Full textAbstract:
The urban traffic congestion is being increased day by day due to large number of vehicles are used by dense people in cities. In the current model of the Traffic Control System, the time delay of each signal light is static which leads to lot of waiting time and was tage of fuel. To overcome this problem, intelligent traffic management system of controlling the traffic lights using the ARM 7 controller and camera sensor is proposed. The camera which is installed along the pavement captures the real time video of the road. The video is then processed indifferent stages to find the number of vehicles in that particular lane using Convex hull technique and accordingly the time delay of the traffic signals has been changed dynamically. Incase, if an emergency vehicle like ambulance is detected by RF434 in a particular lane then automatically this lane will be given the highest priority to clear the traffic. Another feature is if any vehicle violates the traffic line that can also be identified by the RFID reader and automatically and an alert message will be sent to registered mobile number through GSM module which is interfaced with LPC2148.
43
Grozdanova, Rumyana. "The United Kingdom and Diplomatic Assurances: A Minimalist Approach towards the Anti-Torture Norm." International Criminal Law Review 15, no. 2 (January 22, 2015): 369–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718123-01502005.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years, domestic counter-terrorism measures have reshaped the relationship between individual terrorist suspects and the state. Regional and international human rights frameworks regulating government behaviour during or after an emergency appear not to be a priority when set against national security concerns. The increasing reliance on diplomatic assurances and memoranda of understanding as means to fulfil the obligations stemming from the anti-torture norm is an illustration of this state approach. These agreements are not enforceable in law however they do form part of long established diplomatic practice. What distinguishes the pre and post 9/11 terrain however is not the use of these agreements per se. Rather, it is the growing use of these agreements as part of extradition or deportation proceedings or as part of irregular transfers such as extraordinary renditions in order to reduce state obligations under the human rights framework. The heavy reliance on these agreements by the United Kingdom, particularly after 9/11, illustrates aptly the changing approach towards national security.
44
Rosická, Zdena, and Jitka Sýkorová. "Planning cultural heritage protection is easier than managing an actual disaster." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 59, no. 4 (2011): 281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201159040281.
Full textAbstract:
Efficient preparedness is easier to carry out comparing to dealing with consequences of disasters, anthropogenic incidents and other emergencies. Most disasters are water related, i.e. the result of flooding due to high water, water used to extinguish the fire, etc. Cultural heritage as a whole is exposed to attack from natural weathering processes, pollutants as well as water-origin disasters, fires, arson, theft, landslides or extreme weather events. In case of a disaster or any other emergency, unfortunately, no one can afford to wait for all the data and information to be entirely completed in order to make conclusions and survive a disastrous attack. When a disaster occurs and a historical object is affected, decisions must me made fast about rescue priorities, which items to save and which to sacrifice; there must be available priority lists, working guides for salvage teams as well as a disaster plan, updated lists of human resources, suppliers and service providers, lists of types and number of vehicles including passable roads available in case the movable cultural heritage evacuation becomes urgent. Emergency-response officials must be trained in measures to ensure relevant handling, conservation and care.
45
Пичугин, Александр Иванович, Дмитрий Генрихович Мичудо, Николай Владимирович Навценя, Кирилл Юрьевич Яковенко, and Владимир Иванович Логинов. "On some conceptual directions for creating modern types and models of firerescue vehicles." Pozharnaia bezopasnost`, no. 2(99) (June 18, 2020): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.37657/vniipo.2020.99.2.008.
Full textAbstract:
Рассмотрены направления деятельности отечественных предприятий по созданию различных типов и моделей пожарно-спасательных автомобилей (АПС) с начала ХХI века. Показана их доля в общем парке пожарных автомобилей (ПА). Определены приоритетные модели АПС по их главным параметрам: вместимости цистерны, базовому шасси, а также использованию других опций, расширяющих функциональные возможности АПС. Дано описание ряда конструкций АПС, представленных на крупнейшей международной выставке «Интершутц» (г. Ганновер), а также на международных салонах «Комплексная безопасность» (Москва). There are considered directions for creation of various fire and rescue vehicles (FRV) types and models of domestic production from the beginning of this century. An increase in their share in the total fire vehicles fleet is demonstrated. The number of FRV, presented at the largest International Exhibition INTERSCHUTZ (Hanover) as well as at INTEGRATED SAFETY & SECURITY EXHIBITIONs (Moscow), is described. The relevance of creation and production of new FRV models is determined by their multifunctionality during fire and rescue operations. Taking into account the expert survey between fire specialists of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation and based on the main FRV parameter - tank capacity, base chassis, and the use of other options increasing the FRV functionality, there are defined the following priority FRV models: crane-manipulator unit, a device for compression foam supply, a hydroabrasive cutting device, a bulldozer blade device. There is presented a brief description of typical FRVs for the last 15-year period from the beginning of their production taking into account the conceptual proposals for their creation on various basic chassis: Ural (4 x 4), KamAZ (4 x 4), (4 x 4), (8 x 4); MAZ (4 x 2), IVECO AMT (4 x 4), (6 x 6) of foreign production: Mercedec-Benz Sprinter (4 x 2) and Fuso Canter (4 x 2), as well as with additional equipment: a medical module; with armoured elements and a blade; with crane manipulator
46
Azimi, S., M. R. Delavar, and A. Rajabifard. "An optimized multi agent-based modeling of smart rescue operation." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W4 (March 6, 2018): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w4-93-2018.
Full textAbstract:
<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> After the incidence of a disaster, a high demand for first-aid and a huge number of injured will emerge at the affected areas. In this paper, the optimum allocation of the medical assistance to the injured according to a multi-criteria decision making is performed by Multiplicatively Weighted Network Voronoi Diagram (MWNVD). For consideration of the allocation of the injured in the affected area to the appropriate hospitals using the MWNVD and decreasing the gap between the estimated and expected population in the MWNVDs, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is applied to the MWNVDs.<br> This paper proposes a multi agent-based modeling for incorporating the allocation of the medical supplies to the injured according to the generated Voronoi Diagrams of the PSO-MWNVD, wayfinding of emergency vehicles based on the minimum travel distance and time as well as using smart city facilities to expedite the rescue operation. In the proposed model, considering the priority of the injured for receiving the medical assistance, information transfer about the condition of the injured to the hospitals prior to ambulance arrival for providing appropriate treatment, updating of emergency vehicles route based on the blocked streets and etc. are optimized.<br> The partial difference between the estimated and expected population for receiving the medical assistance in MWNVDs is computed as 37&thinsp;%, while the PSO-MWNVD decreased the mentioned difference to 6&thinsp;%. The relief operation time in the proposed model compared to another multi-agent rescue operation model, which uses MWNVD and does not have some facilities of the proposed model, is improved.</p>
47
Kachalova, O. V. "Ensuring Human Rights in Criminal Proceedings in the Context of a Pandemic." Rossijskoe pravosudie 11 (October 26, 2020): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.37399/issn2072-909x.2020.11.99-104.
Full textAbstract:
The coronavirus pandemic has put a number of legal issues on the agenda of the world community – how to ensure the rule of law in the face of the need to save the lives and health of many people, how to achieve a reasonable balance in the ratio of various human rights in a pandemic situation, how to determine the criteria for proportionality of restrictions on essential human rights. The criminal justice authorities and courts have a serious task to ensure human rights, achieve the effectiveness of criminal proceedings and access to justice in the context of the coronavirus pandemic, on the one hand, and take the necessary measures to ensure the safety of persons involved in criminal proceedings, including their own, from the threat of COVID-19 infection, on the other. Measures that restrict human rights in the context of a pandemic must be implemented in accordance with the principles of the rule of law, respect for human rights, the rule of law, legal certainty and proportionality. Proportionality can be established by determining a reasonable balance of private and public interests in each particular situation, through an assessment of the affected interests in terms of their significance. In General terms, the rights and freedoms that provide the most significant benefits are given priority. The criteria for determining a reasonable balance between private and public interests and for resolving an emerging conflict of human rights are determined taking into account the immediate circumstances of the case (the epidemiological situation, the state of health of participants in the process, the urgency and significance of the proceedings for participants in criminal proceedings and the interests of justice, the ability to ensure the necessary sanitary and epidemiological requirements). The coronavirus pandemic has put on the agenda the issue of creating a strategy for the transformation of criminal justice institutions in emergency situations, when the normal mode of criminal proceedings is impossible due to objective reasons.
48
Beltrán-Marcos, David, Susana Suárez-Seoane, José Manuel Fernández-Guisuraga, Víctor Fernández-García, Rayo Pinto, Paula García-Llamas, and Leonor Calvo. "Mapping Soil Burn Severity at Very High Spatial Resolution from Unmanned Aerial Vehicles." Forests 12, no. 2 (February 4, 2021): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12020179.
Full textAbstract:
The evaluation of the effect of burn severity on forest soils is essential to determine the impact of wildfires on a range of key ecological processes, such as nutrient cycling and vegetation recovery. The main objective of this study was to assess the potentiality of different spectral products derived from RGB and multispectral imagery collected by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) at very high spatial resolution for discriminating spatial variations in soil burn severity after a heterogeneous wildfire. In the case study, we chose a mixed-severity fire that occurred in the northwest (NW) of the Iberian Peninsula (Spain) in 2019 that affected 82.74 ha covered by three different types of forests, each dominated by Pinus pinaster, Pinus sylvestris, and Quercus pyrenaica. We evaluated soil burn severity in the field 1 month after the fire using the Composite Burn Soil Index (CBSI), as well as a pool of five individual indicators (ash depth, ash cover, fine debris cover, coarse debris cover, and unstructured soil depth) of easy interpretation. Simultaneously, we operated an unmanned aerial vehicle to obtain RGB and multispectral postfire images, allowing for deriving six spectral indices. Then, we explored the relationship between spectral indices and field soil burn severity metrics by means of univariate proportional odds regression models. These models were used to predict CBSI categories, and classifications were validated through confusion matrices. Results indicated that multispectral indices outperformed RGB indices when assessing soil burn severity, being more strongly related to CBSI than to individual indicators. The Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) was the best-performing spectral index for modelling CBSI (R2cv = 0.69), showing the best ability to predict CBSI categories (overall accuracy = 0.83). Among the individual indicators of soil burn severity, ash depth was the one that achieved the best results, specifically when it was modelled from NDWI (R2cv = 0.53). This work provides a useful background to design quick and accurate assessments of soil burn severity to be implemented immediately after the fire, which is a key factor to identify priority areas for emergency actions after forest fires.
49
Ferorelli, Davide, Gabriele Mandarelli, and Biagio Solarino. "Ethical Challenges in Health Care Policy during COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy." Medicina 56, no. 12 (December 11, 2020): 691. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina56120691.
Full textAbstract:
Since the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, Italy has proven to be one of the countries with the highest coronavirus-linked death rate. To reduce the impact of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, the Italian Government decision-makers issued a series of law decrees that imposed measures limiting social contacts, stopped non-essential production activities, and restructured public health care in order to privilege assistance to patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Health care services were substantially limited including planned hospitalization and elective surgeries. These substantial measures were criticized due to their impact on individual rights including freedom and autonomy, but were justified by the awareness that hospitals would have been unable to cope with the surge of infected people who needed treatment for COVID-19. The imbalance between the need to guarantee ordinary care and to deal with the pandemic, in a context of limited health resources, raises ethical concerns as well as clinical management issues. The emergency scenario caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in the lockdown phase, led the Government and health care decision-makers to prioritize community safety above the individuals’ rights. This new community-centered approach to clinical care has created tension among the practitioners and exposed health workers to malpractice claims. Reducing the morbidity and mortality rates of the COVID-19 pandemic is the priority of every government, but the legitimate question remains whether the policy that supports this measure could be less harmful for the health care system.
50
Panina, Е. A., and S. V. Shakalo. "INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY PROTECTION IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION : THE CUSTOMS ASPECT." International Trade and Trade Policy 7, no. 1 (March 26, 2021): 123–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2410-7395-2021-1-123-138.
Full textAbstract:
In the world trade today, the share of goods containing intellectual property objects is increasing from year to year. That’s mainly because the most developed countries prefer to export high-tech and knowledge-intensive products that use the most modern technologies. Such, the intellectual component has become one of the main components in the price of consumer market goods. With growth of trade, the volume of counterfeit products is increasing, falsification mechanisms are being improved, new challenges are emerging with regard to the protection of intellectual property in emergency situations. All these problems require timely and appropriate solution. That is why control over the movement of such goods, as well as the correct calculation of their customs value, is becoming one of the priority areas of the activity of the customs authorities in the Russian Federation. These facts determine the relevance of the topic of the article. This article discusses the issues related to the control of the turnover of goods moved and sold in violation of the rights of the copyright holders, as well as their customs value, which is subsequently reflected in the amount of customs payments payable when goods are moved across the customs border of the Eurasian Economic Union. The mechanisms to improve the control over the calculation of the customs value of goods containing intellectual property objects have been determined.