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Vesterinen, Heidi. "Emergent literacy in Japanese : a developmental model." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.400454.
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Nundloll, Vatsala. "A dynamic interoperability model for an emergent middleware framework." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2013. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/126476/.
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The rapid changing world of computing has sparked off a major increase in the complexity, heterogeneity and dynamicity of distributed systems. Consequently, standard middleware platforms are unable to cope with the extreme heterogeneity and dynamicity of this new generation of distributed systems. Furthermore, given new trends in mobile/pervasive applications, distributed systems are required to connect to one another at run time, implying that heterogeneities arising in systems need to be resolved on the fly. This ability of a system to interact with a different system is known as interoperability. Existing middleware interoperability solutions cannot deal with dynamic interoperability because of their static and hand-crafted nature. Hence, more advanced solutions that exceed the state-of-the-art in middleware, are required to handle interoperability on the fly. This thesis investigates the challenges of dynamic interoperability and how to devise an emergent middleware to enable such dynamic interoperation. To overcome the heterogeneities arising at runtime, the thesis also investigates the approach of the Semantic Web community to employ semantic reasoning of concepts at the application level. The thesis maintains that one such notable contribution of this community, the use of ontologies, has proved to play a significant role in the set up of such an emergent middleware framework. As a result, the thesis proposes a framework with 3 distinct design principles - matching, classifying and mapping – to tackle dynamic interoperability at the message level of systems, and also highlights the cross-cutting role played by ontologies in the framework. The experimental evaluation of the framework shows the framework is able to tackle the heterogeneity arising in messages at runtime, and also highlights the significance of linguistic techniques in assisting ontologies at the matching stage. Finally, the performance evaluation denotes how the framework behaves at runtime and justifies how the framework performs its intended purpose.
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Richards, Sandra D. "Concept to practice - applied inclusiveness : an emergent model of socially inclusive practice." Thesis, Brunel University, 2004. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5461.
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Research indicates that large numbers of young people are underachieving in UK schools, and that school exclusion levels are unacceptably high. In addition, there are increased numbers of students unable to secure a place in mainstream schools. These unplaced and excluded young people are described by New Labour as `vulnerable', `disaffected' or at risk of disaffection (Social_Exclusion_Unit 1998b). The numbers of young people considered `disaffected' indicates a national problem and so, in response to this, there is a government led drive to `socially include' `excluded' young people and young people considered `at risk' of `exclusion'. This UK study examines the principles and practices of practitioners working with identified `at-risk' and `hard to reach' populations. This thesis seeks to unpack this complex situation of social `exclusion' and `inclusion' as it relates to education by asking; who are the `actors' in this expanding world of `social inclusion'? How can some practitioners `reach' and `include' so called `hard to reach' `disaffected' young people? This research explores socially inclusive practice. It aims to investigate whether a model of socially inclusive practice exists or can be established that could be used by educators, parents, human resource (HR) professionals and others concerned with client services in the helping professions. Social exclusion is one of the key concerns of the New Labour agenda. Inclusive education is perceived as central to promoting social inclusion (Social_Exclusion_Unit 1998b) and as a result there are a number of social inclusion projects operating throughout the UK. These projects generally offer provision for young people who, in the judgement of excluding mainstream practitioners, should be placed outside of their responsibility. These excluding practices reflect the values and ideal of the institution and how they perceive their own ability to respond to the total needs of the learner in their care. Excluded young people are typically referred to pupil referral units (PRU's), study centres or other education provision established to meet the statutory requirement of the education authority to maintain education provision. The practitioner is the focus of this investigation and preliminary issues associated with an investigation into social inclusion practice will be considered in an attempt to identify `what works' in opening up educational opportunities to an inclusive culture. This study then, examines the practice and rationale employed by staff at a project providing education otherwise than at school (EOTAS) to young people unplaced, excluded or at risk of exclusion from mainstream school by analysing empirical data collected over a 3-year period using qualitative instruments. Grounded Theory is the methodological approach used to elicit data and the findings provide valuable insights into inclusive education practices. In addition, a number of relevant and important issues are identified. The theoretical model that emerges is informed by the insights and issues that emerge in this, the first major UK study, into inclusive practice in education where the practitioner is the main focus of the study. This research puts forward a model of professional understanding for inclusive education and makes a contribution to the development of new approaches. The results offer clear indicators for a transferable framework of socially inclusive practice.
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Barrett, E. A. "Discourses of HR : towards an emergent model of HR strategy formulation and implementation." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2008. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/4666.
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This study uses a social constructivist epistemology and a compatible
methodology to look at models of HR in three disparate organisational contexts:
a British public sector organisation, an entrepreneurial European private sector
company in high growth mode, and the Asian operation of the same company
in the lead up to a major acquisition, providing an opportunity to examine an
organisation in a time of considerable change and upheaval.
The study originated in a dissatisfaction with the ability of current models of HR
to explain the diversity of approaches to HR found in organisations, most
notably theories of SHRM, best practice and best fit approaches and
contextually based HR. It attempts to develop a new descriptive research
model of HR which incorporates the discrete RBV and neo-institutional
frameworks of HR into a flexible model which can explain the operation of HR
in a variety of organisations.
The social constructivist perspective allows the model to take a view of strategy
formulation and implementation which gives weight to the profound influence of
the actors on HR strategy and its deployment.
The conclusion of this study is that a viable descriptive research model can be
produced, which utilises contextually based HR as a diagnostic, but gives
substantial weight to the influence of the organisational actors. Further
research is, however, required in order to fully test the model and resolve
several areas about which the projects in this study raised questions.
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Seymour, Jo-Anne Lyn. "Educational leadership for the 21st Century : testing an emergent model against practitioner perceptions." Thesis, University of Lincoln, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.393058.
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Tasso, Kay. "Attributes of patient-physician relationships in a teaching hospital an emergent model of interactions /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0004353.
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Leaman, Eric Joshua. "An Experimentally-validated Agent-based Model to Study the Emergent Behavior of Bacterial Communities." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78072.
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Swimming bacteria are ubiquitous in aqueous environments ranging from oceans to fluidic environments within a living host. Furthermore, engineered bacteria are being increasingly utilized for a host of applications including environmental bioremediation, biosensing, and for the treatment of diseases. Often driven by chemotaxis (i.e. biased migration in response to gradients of chemical effectors) and quorum sensing (i.e. number density dependent regulation of gene expression), bacterial population dynamics and emergent behavior play a key role in regulating their own life and their impact on their immediate environment. Computational models that accurately and robustly describe bacterial population behavior and response to environmental stimuli are crucial to both understanding the dynamics of microbial communities and efficiently utilizing engineered microbes in practice. Many existing computational frameworks are finely-detailed at the cellular level, leading to extended computational time requirements, or are strictly population scale models, which do not permit population heterogeneities or spatiotemporal variability in the environment. To bridge this gap, we have created and experimentally validated a scalable, computationally-efficient, agent-based model of bacterial chemotaxis and quorum sensing (QS) which robustly simulates the stochastic behavior of each cell across a wide range of bacterial populations, ranging from a few to several hundred cells. We quantitatively and accurately capture emergent behavior in both isogenic QS populations and the altered QS response in a mixed QS and quorum quenching (QQ) microbial community. Finally, we show that the model can be used to predictively design synthetic genetic components towards programmed microbial behavior.Master of Science
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Oryani, Maryam. "Applying Agent-Based Modeling to Studying Emergent Behaviors of the Immune System Cells." Thesis, KTH, Reglerteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-147196.
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Huge amount of medical data has been generated in practical experiments which makes data analysis a challenging problem. This requires novel techniques to be developed. The improvements in computational power suggest to use computerbased modeling approaches to process a large set of data. One of the important systems in the human body to be investigated is the immune system. The previous studies of medical scientists and ongoing experiments at Karolinska Institute provide information about the human immune system. This information includes attributes of human immune system’s blood cells and the interactions between these cells. This interactions are provided as ‘if-then’ logical rules. Each rule verifies a condition on the attribute of one cell and it may initiate interaction processes to modify the attributes of other cells. A specific temporal value is associated to each process to quantify the speed of that process in the body (i.e., slow, medium, fast). We propose an agent-based model (ABM) to study human immune system cells and their interactions. The ABM is selected to overcome the complexity of large amount of data and find emergent properties and behavior patterns of the cells. Immune system cells are modeled as autonomous agents which have interactions with each other. Different values of a cell attributes define possible states of the cell and the collection of states of all cells constructs the state of the whole agent-based model. In order to consider the state transitions of the cells, we used a finite state machine (FSM). The first state is constructed from the input initial values for the cells and considering the logical time of 1. In each step, the program goes one time unit further and computes next state by applying the changes based on the cells’ interactions rules. This evolution of states in time is similar to game of life (GOL) automaton. The final model based on three modeling approaches of ABM, FSM and GOL are used to test medical hypothesis related to human immune system. This model provides a useful framework for medical scientists to do experiments on the cells’ attributes and their interaction rules. Considering a set of cells and their interactions, the proposed framework shows emergent properties and behavior patterns of the human immune system.
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Tanino, Yukie 1980. "Flow and solute transport in random cylinder arrays : a model for emergent aquatic plant canopies." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/46787.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2008.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 159-166).
With wetlands constituting about 6% of earth's land surface, aquatic vegetation plays a significant role in defining mean flow patterns and in the transport of dissolved and particulate material in the environment. However, the dependence of the hydrodynamic and transport processes on fundamental properties of an aquatic plant canopy has not been investigated systematically over the wide range of conditions that are observed in the field. A laboratory investigation was conducted to describe flow and solute transport in idealized emergent plant canopies. This thesis presents laboratory measurements of the mean drag, turbulence structure and intensity, and lateral dispersion of passive solute in arrays of randomly-distributed cylinders, a model for emergent, rigid aquatic plants. Mean drag per cylinder length normalized by the mean interstitial fluid velocity and viscosity increases linearly with cylinder Reynolds number. In contrast to the dependence previously reported for sparse arrays at Reynolds numbers greater than 1000, the drag coefficient increases with increasing cylinder density in intermediate and high cylinder densities. In dense arrays, turbulent eddies are constrained by the interstitial pore size such that the integral length scale is equal to the mean surface-to-surface distance between a cylinder in the array and its nearest neighbor. The classic scale model for mean turbulence intensity, which is a function of the inertial contribution to the drag coefficient, the solid volume fraction, and the integral length scale of turbulence normalized by d, is then confirmed with our laboratory measurements. Our laboratory experiments demonstrate that Kyy/ (d), the asymptotic (Fickian) lateral dispersion coefficient normalized by the mean interstitial fluid velocity and d, is independent of Reynolds number at sufficiently high Reynolds number.
(cont.) Although previous models predict that asymptotic lateral dispersion increases monotonically with cylinder density, laboratory measurements reveal that lateral dispersion at high Reynolds number exhibits three distinct regimes. In particular, an intermediate regime in which Kyy/ (d) decreases with increasing cylinder density is observed. A scale model for turbulent diffusion is developed with the assumption that only turbulent eddies with integral length scale greater than d contribute significantly to net lateral dispersion. The observed dependence of asymptotic dispersion on cylinder density is accurately described by a linear superposition of this turbulent diffusion model and existing models for dispersion due to the spatially-heterogeneous velocity field that arises from the presence of the cylinders. Finally, laboratory measurements support the conjecture that Kyy/ (d) is not strongly dependent on Reynolds number in dense arrays at any Red. However, the distance required to achieve asymptotic dispersion is shown to depend strongly on the Reynolds number.
by Yukie Tanino.
Ph.D.
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Miller, Jeanette Kay. "An Adapted Model for Small Business Innovation Networks: The Case of an Emergent Wine Region in Southern California." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/bus_admin_diss/6.
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Small businesses and small business networks have become increasingly important over the past two decades. However, limited empirical research has been carried out on the interactions of these small businesses, specifically within supportive networks. This research focuses on the interaction of firms and organizations within a successful small business innovation network, and how innovative business practices are developed. Innovation network theory was used as a lens to view the dynamics within an innovation network comprised entirely of small businesses and organizations. For this research, a qualitative case study was undertaken, with an emergent wine region in Southern California targeted as an ideal case in which to study a small business innovation network. This research showed that in this instance of a small business innovation network, a hub firm, as defined by innovation network theory does not exist to orchestrate and manage the interactions within the network. Thereby, an adapted model for small business innovation networks is proposed and the results from this qualitative case study are mapped using this adapted theory. The results show a constellation of firms and organizations at the core of the network composition, undertaking deliberate and emergent strategies that affect the outcome and success of all members of the small business innovation network. The research identified a significant sense of place embedded in the regional culture and the importance of effective regional planning in positively impacting the success of the small business innovation network.
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Al-Sabah, Shamayel Ahmad Khaled. "Designing emergent business process : the case of the foreign procurement process of Kuwait Ministry of Defence." Thesis, Brunel University, 2015. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/11625.
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Business processes can be divided into standardisable and non-standardisable processes. Such processes are characterised by their activities, events, states and time-points. The conditions in which process activities, events, states and time-points occur determines how they are observed, recorded and acted upon. Under predictable and stable conditions an observer can record them by predetermining them and this can be done using existing process design approaches and methodologies. Such processes are termed standardisable processes; for example a process for manufacturing cars. However, under unpredictable and unstable conditions an observer cannot record them by predetermining all the possible events, because uncertainty leads to unpredictable events occurring. Such processes are termed non-standardisable processes and in this thesis as emergent processes; for example special engineering projects like building the Channel Tunnel. Therefore, a new approach is required for designing non-standardisable processes. Process events are significant because the observer notices and records them. Significantly, the observer of events also has to act on them. Whether process events occur in predictable and stable conditions or unpredictable and unstable conditions, makes a difference to how an observer notices, records and acts on them. This is highly significant for this thesis argument, because as non-standardisable process events can be unexpected and unpredictable or emergent a new approach is required to design them. This thesis advances knowledge of designing non-standardisable processes by conceptualising them as emergent business processes (EBP) and contributing a new approach for designing them using action research and the deferred design approach as a process design methodology. Uncertain and unpredictable conditions is characterised here as emergence. The observer cannot predetermine all the possible process events for processes that operate in emergent conditions and cannot determine how to act upon unpredictable process events, because some events will be predictable and others unpredictable. The pragmatist research methodology was used to research to identify and resolve the problem with EBP in the Foreign Procurement Division (FPD) of the Kuwait Ministry of Defence. It was also used an approach for designing EBP. The research contributes the new understanding of non-standardisable processes as emergent business processes. This is a significant contribution because it is conceptualisation that is not found in the literature. This conceptualisation recognises the need to find new approaches for designing and implementing EBP. Therefore, the research also contributes a new approach for designing EBP using the action research methodology as a process design methodology.
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Kellie-Smith, Owen. "Relating forced climate change to natural variability and emergent dynamics of the climate-economy system." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/115194.
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This thesis is in two parts. The first part considers a theoretical relationship between the natural variability of a stochastic model and its response to a small change in forcing. Over a large enough scale, both the real climate and a climate model are characterised as stochastic dynamical systems. The dynamics of the systems are encoded in the probabilities that the systems move from one state into another. When the systems’ states are discretised and listed, then transition matrices of all these transition probabilities may be formed. The responses of the systems to a small change in forcing are expanded in terms of the eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of the Fokker-Planck equations governing the systems’ transition densities, which may be estimated from the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the transition matrices. Smoothing the data with a Gaussian kernel improves the estimate of the eigenfunctions, but not the eigenvalues. The significance of differences in two systems’ eigenvalues and eigenfunctions is considered. Three time series from HadCM3 are compared with corresponding series from ERA-40 and the eigenvalues derived from the three pairs of series differ significantly. The second part analyses a model of the coupled climate-economic system, which suggests that the pace of economic growth needs to be reduced and the resilience to climate change needs to be increased in order to avoid a collapse of the human economy. The model condenses the climate-economic system into just three variables: a measure of human wealth, the associated accumulation of greenhouse gases, and the consequent level of global warming. Global warming is assumed to dictate the pace of economic growth. Depending on the sensitivity of economic growth to global warming, the model climate-economy system either reaches an equilibrium or oscillates in century-scale booms and busts.
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Mnukwana, Ncebakazi Fezeka. "An emergent model of the teaching of iingoma zamagqirha based on three case studies in the Western Cape, South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8140.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 117-126).lingoma zamagqirha is a Xhosa musical art often taught at workshops to introduce learners to the indigenous knowledge systems of the amaXhosa of South Africa. It is also a musical art which is performed in both sacred and secular environments. As such iingoma zamagqirha could be suitable for classroom teaching in South African schools and the oral methods embedded in the teaching of indigenous knowledge systems could provide guidelines to teachers who are required by the South African government to incorporate indigenous musical practices in their everyday teaching. This study's two primary objectives are therefore objective (a) is to analyse the inherent teaching method displayed by three performing artists and teachers of emergent teaching method through the fieldwork study. The secondary objective is to nurture a debate on the conservation of indigenous knowledge system and worldview as the educational discourse still tends to focus on Western music as the dominant culture.
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Asano, Yuhma. "Emergence of Space-Times from Gauge Theories in Gauge/Gravity Duality." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/199095.
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Sansom, Philip George. "Statistical methods for quantifying uncertainty in climate projections from ensembles of climate models." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/15292.
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Appropriate and defensible statistical frameworks are required in order to make credible inferences about future climate based on projections derived from multiple climate models. It is shown that a two-way analysis of variance framework can be used to estimate the response of the actual climate, if all the climate models in an ensemble simulate the same response. The maximum likelihood estimate of the expected response provides a set of weights for combining projections from multiple climate models. Statistical F tests are used to show that the differences between the climate response of the North Atlantic storm track simulated by a large ensemble of climate models cannot be distinguished from internal variability. When climate models simulate different responses, the differences between the re- sponses represent an additional source of uncertainty. Projections simulated by climate models that share common components cannot be considered independent. Ensemble thinning is advocated in order to obtain a subset of climate models whose outputs are judged to be exchangeable and can be modelled as a random sample. It is shown that the agreement between models on the climate response in the North Atlantic storm track is overestimated due to model dependence. Correlations between the climate responses and historical climates simulated by cli- mate models can be used to constrain projections of future climate. It is shown that the estimate of any such emergent relationship will be biased, if internal variability is large compared to the model uncertainty about the historical climate. A Bayesian hierarchical framework is proposed that is able to separate model uncertainty from internal variability, and to estimate emergent constraints without bias. Conditional cross-validation is used to show that an apparent emergent relationship in the North Atlantic storm track is not robust. The uncertain relationship between an ensemble of climate models and the actual climate can be represented by a random discrepancy. It is shown that identical inferences are obtained whether the climate models are treated as predictors for the actual climate or vice versa, provided that the discrepancy is assumed to be sym- metric. Emergent relationships are reinterpreted as constraints on the discrepancy between the expected response of the ensemble and the actual climate response, onditional on observations of the recent climate. A simple method is proposed for estimating observation uncertainty from reanalysis data. It is estimated that natural variability accounts for 30-45% of the spread in projections of the climate response in the North Atlantic storm track.
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Winder, Brian Geoffrey. "Achieving Complex Motion with Fundamental Components for Lamina Emergent Mechanisms." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2008. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2279.pdf.
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Millsaps, Gayle Maree. "Interrelationships between teachers' content knowledge of rational number, their instructional practice, and students' emergent conceptual knowledge of rational number." The Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1124225634.
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Nyame-Asiamah, Frank. "The deferred model of reality for designing and evaluating organisational learning processes : a critical ethnographic case study of Komfo Anokye teaching hospital, Ghana." Thesis, Brunel University, 2013. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7582.
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The study proposed an evidence-based framework for designing and evaluating organisational learning and knowledge management processes to support continuously improving intentions of organisations such as hospitals. It demarcates the extant approaches to organisational learning including supporting technology into ‘rationalist’ and ‘emergent’ schools which utilise the dichotomy between the traditional healthcare managers’ roles and clinicians’ roles, and maintains that they are exclusively inadequate to accomplish transformative growth intentions, such as continuously improving patient care. The possibility of balancing the two schools for effective organisational learning design is not straightforward, and fails; because the balanced-view school is theoretically orientated and lack practical design to resolve power tensions entrenched in organisational structures. Prior attempts to address the organisational learning and knowledge management design and evaluation problematics in actuality have situated in the interpretivist traditions, only focusing on explanations of meanings. Critically, this is uncritical of power relations and orthodox practices. The theory of deferred action is applied in the context of critical research methods and methodology to expose the motivations behind the established organisational learning and knowledge management practices of Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH) which assumed rationality design conceptions. Ethnographic data was obtained and interpreted with combined critical hermeneutics and narrative analyses to question the extent of healthcare learning and knowledge management systems failures and unveil the unheard voices as force for change. The study makes many contributions to knowledge but the key ones are: (i) Practically, the participants accepted the study as a catalyst for (re)-designing healthcare learning and knowledge management systems to typify the acceptance of the theory of deferred action in practice; (ii) theoretically, the cohered emergent transformation (CET) model was developed from the theory of deferred action and validated with empirical data to explain how to plan strategically to achieve transformative growth objectives; and (iii) methodologically, the sense-making of the ethnographic data was explored with the combined critical hermeneutics and critical narrative analyses, the data interpretation lens from the critical theory and qualitative pluralism positions, to elucidate how the unheard emergent voices could bring change to the existing KATH learning and knowledge management processes for improved patient care.
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Robertson, Francis. "An experimental investigation of the drag on idealised rigid, emergent vegetation and other obstacles in turbulent free-surface flows." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/an-experimental-investigation-of-the-drag-on-idealised-rigid-emergent-vegetation-and-other-obstacles-in-turbulent-freesurface-flows(07165357-67da-461d-a6a2-ed4970e2cb0c).html.
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Vegetation is commonly modelled as emergent arrays of rigid, circular cylinders. However, the drag coefficient (CD) of real stems or trunks is closer to that of cylinders with a square cross-section. In this thesis, vegetation has been idealised as square cylinders in laboratory experiments with a turbulence intensity of the order of 10% which is similar to that of typical river flows. These cylinders may also represent other obstacles such as architectural structures. This research has determined CD of an isolated cylinder and cylinder pairs as a function of position as well as the average drag coefficient (CDv) of larger arrays. A strain gauge was used to measure CD whilst CDv was computed with a momentum balance which was validated by strain gauge measurements for a regularly spaced array. The velocity and turbulence intensity surrounding a pair of cylinders arranged one behind the other with respect to mean flow (in tandem) were also measured with an Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter. The isolated cylinder CD was found to be 2.11 in close agreement with other researchers. Under fixed flow conditions CD for a cylinder in a pair was found to be as low as -0.40 and as high as 3.46 depending on their relative positioning. For arrays, CDv was influenced more by the distribution of cylinders than the flow conditions over the range of conditions tested. Mean values of CDv for each array were found to be between 1.52 and 3.06. This new insight therefore suggests that CDv for vegetation in bulk may actually be much higher than the typical value of 1 which is often assumed to apply in practice. If little other information is available, a crude estimate of CDv = 2 would be reasonable for many practical applications. The validity of a 2D realizable k-epsilon turbulence model for predicting the flow around square cylinders was evaluated. The model was successful in predicting CD for an isolated cylinder. In this regard the model performed as well as Large Eddy Simulations by other authors with a significant increase in computational efficiency. However, the numerical model underestimates CD of downstream cylinders in tandem pairs and overestimates velocities in their wake. This suggests it may be necessary to expand the model to three-dimensions when attempting to simulate the flow around two or more bluff obstacles with sharp edges.
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Davis, Jacob Foster. "Application of a Genetic Algorithm and Multi Agent System to explore emergent patterns of social rationality and a distress-based model for deceit in the workplace." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA483642.
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Thesis (M.S. in Systems Technology)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2008.Thesis Advisor(s): Hiles, John ; Iatrou, Steven. "June 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on August 25, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-104). Also available in print.
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Leonard, Jill T. "Professional Learning Communities as a Professional Development Model Focusing on Instructional Practices Used to Teach Writing in Early Childhood." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2577.
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The purpose of this qualitative case study was to explore the implementation of a Professional Learning Community (PLC) as a professional development model effective in altering teachers‘ perceptions of their knowledge and skill in teaching developmental writing in grades K-3. This research is necessary to examine how offering teachers collaborative support needed for understanding and implementing research-based best practice approaches to teach developmental writing strengthens the quality of instructional practice necessary to meet rigorous standards being imparted from Common Core Standards. Through the development of a PLC, teachers have an opportunity for collaborating within the school building, which provides optimal environment for professional development (Lindeman, 1926; Lumpe, 2007). Analysis taken from the pre and post-survey information included the teachers‘ beliefs and understanding of writing development, current use of instruction time for writing, and questions or concerns teachers have about teaching writing. Weekly PLC meetings using a protocol format offered teachers an opportunity to discuss personal experiences with writing instruction and to share any anchor charts, student work, or anecdotal records exemplifying the strategy of focus. Videotaping and reflective journaling collected during the six PLC sessions were transcribed and coded using predetermined and emerging themes within and across each measure. Presentation materials collected as data documentation of the experience aided in validation of the research. Major themes emerged under the code headed as management with sub-codes of planning and classroom management presenting the strongest focus. Major themes also emerged under the code headed as instruction. The strongest areas of focus under the instruction code included subcoded areas conferencing, minilessons, and teaching strategies.
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Silva, Viviane Ventura Gaspar da. "A relação de classe econômica e aspectos do contexto social com modelos de carreira de jovens entrantes no mercado de trabalho." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47134/tde-13122017-084219/.
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Nas últimas décadas, novas demandas e ideologias sobre a relação homem-trabalho transformaram os sentidos atribuídos ao trabalho e as formas de concebê-lo. Essas transformações redefinem o lugar desta importante atividade na sociedade e trazem a necessidade do reposicionamento do conceito de carreira e do desenvolvimento de teorias que discutem o papel do trabalhador nesse cenário. É possível identificar uma mudança no posicionamento atribuído ao trabalhador, de uma postura passiva para uma postura de agente. As críticas quanto à hegemonia dos modelos emergentes de carreira são direcionadas, de forma mais emblemática, ao papel atribuído ao indivíduo como agente de sua carreira considerando que o exercício da autonomia e da mobilidade é possível ou favorecido por suas habilidades, formações e qualificações. Em suma, esses modelos parecem desconsiderar que outros fatores como classe social, gênero e etnia podem ser limitadores desse papel de agente do indivíduo sobre sua carreira e marginaliza minorias, como mulheres, desempregados ou trabalhadores com pouca qualificação. Entre as questões que se abrigam neste hiato entre o discurso hegemônico sobre carreira e as críticas teóricas e empíricas sobre esses modelos, chama a atenção a relação entre a compreensão de carreira do indivíduo e o papel atribuído ao trabalhador com o processo de socialização, que forja a compreensão de mundo e de si mesmo. A presente dissertação tem como objetivo a investigação da relação de classe econômica e aspectos do contexto social com modelos de carreira de entrantes no mercado de trabalho. O estudo é empírico, de abordagem de dado de diferença qualitativa e frequência (quantitativa) e o procedimento técnico é por levantamento. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de uma survey eletrônica que teve como base o Critério Brasil para classificação econômica, um questionário sobre práticas culturais e o TST para identificação e análise dos modelos de carreira. A população estudada é não probabilística e intencional e formada por 150 jovens. A análise estatística descritiva foi realizada através de medidas resumo usuais, tais como média e desvio padrão (DP), mediana e mínimo (mín) e máximo (máx) para variáveis quantitativas e frequência absoluta e relativa para as variáveis categóricas. Na análise bivariada, foram utilizado o teste de Anderson-Darling (Anderson e Darling, 1954) e testes paramétricos (teste t, ANOVA e correlação de Pearson) e testes não paramétricos (Mann-Witney, Levene, Kruskal-Wallis, Tukey não paramétrico e correlação de Spearman). Para analisar o escore de carreira versus as variáveis socioeconômicas conjuntamente foi utilizado um modelo de regressão linear múltipla. O software utilizado para análises foi o R 3.1.2. e o nível de significância adotado nas análises foi de 0,05. Os resultados obtidos não apresentaram correlação significativa para classe econômica e modelos de carreira, apesar de ter uma tendência aos modelos tradicionais nas classes B e C. Também não foi identificada correlação para a maioria das variáveis quantitativas e qualitativas, exceto para as variáveis: estado civil - casado, cor preta e programa favorito - novela que se mostraram significativas estatisticamente para o modelo emergente de carreira e a variável, principal motivo para acessar a internet - enviar e-mails, significativa para o modelo tradicional. Identificando-se a necessidade de aprofundamento e o vasto espaço de pesquisa aqui demonstrado, espera-se que esse estudo sirva como convite aos pesquisadores para desenvolverem novos estudos empíricos sobre socialização e carreira, em geral, e carreira e seus impactos sobre gestão de pessoas nas organizações brasileirasIn the last decades, new demands and ideologies about the relationship between man and work are transforming the meanings attributed to work and the ways of conceiving it. These transformations redefine the place work takes in society and bring about the need to reposition the concept of career and the development of theories that discuss the role of the worker in this scenario. It is possible to identify a change in the positioning attributed to the worker, from a passive posture to an agent position. Criticisms about the hegemony of emerging career models are directed more emblematically to the role assigned to the individual as an agent of his career - considering that the exercise of autonomy and mobility is possible or favored by his skills, education and qualifications. In sum, these models seem to disregard the fact that other factors such as social class, gender and ethnicity could limit this role of the individual as agent over his career and marginalize minorities such as women, the unemployed or the low-skilled workers. Among the issues that lie in the hiatus of hegemonic career discourse and the theoretical and empirical critiques of these models, attention is drawn to the relationship between an individual\'s career understanding and the role assigned to the worker with the socialization process, which forges the understanding of the world and of himself. The present dissertation aims to investigate the relationship of economic class and aspects of the social context with the career models of entrants in the job market. This study is empirical, approaching data of qualitative difference and frequency (quantitative) and the technical procedure is by survey. The data were obtained through an electronic survey based on Critério Brasil for economic classification, a questionnaire on cultural practices and the TST for the identification and analysis of career models. The population studied is non-probabilistic and intentional and consists of 150 young adults. The descriptive statistical analysis was performed using usual summary measures, such as mean and standard deviation (SD), median and minimum (min) and maximum (max) for quantitative variables and absolute and relative frequency for categorical variables. In the bivariate analysis, the Anderson-Darling test (Anderson and Darling, 1954) and parametric tests (t test, ANOVA and Pearson\'s correlation) and non-parametric tests were used (Mann-Witney, Levene, Kruskal-Wallis, Tukey non-parametric And Spearman\'s correlation). To analyze the career score versus the socioeconomic variables together a multiple linear regression model was used. The software used for analysis was R 3.1.2. And the level of significance adopted in the analyzes was 0.05. The results obtained did not present a significant correlation for economic class and career models, despite tending to the traditional models in classes B and C. Also, no correlation was identified for most of the quantitative and qualitative variables, except for the variables: civil status - married, black and favorite program soap opera that proved statistically significant for the emerging career model and the variable, the main reason for accessing the Internet - send emails, meaningful to the traditional model. Identifying the need for deepening and the vast space for research demonstrated here, it is expected that this study will serve as an invitation to researchers to develop new empirical studies on socialization and career, in general, and career and its impacts on people management in the organizations
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Cárcamo, Bahamonde Andrea. "Una innovación docente basada en los modelos emergentes y la modelización matemática para conjunto generador y espacio generado." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/458629.
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Esta tesis doctoral tuvo como objetivo generar una innovación docente en el curso de Álgebra Lineal a nivel universitario basada en los modelos emergentes y la modelización matemática. Con el propósito de lograr dicha meta, se diseñó y refinó una trayectoria hipotética de aprendizaje (THA) para los conceptos de conjunto generador y espacio generado. Las publicaciones que conforman el compendio de artículos de esta tesis dan a conocer las diferentes etapas que se realizaron a fin de generar una innovación docente: el diseño, la implementación, la evaluación y el refinamiento.
Con la finalidad de responder al objetivo de esta tesis, se efectuó una investigación basada en el diseño que consta de tres fases. En la primera fase se diseñó una primera THA para conjunto generador y espacio generado. En la fase de experimento de enseñanza se realizaron tres ciclos de intervención en el aula. En la fase de análisis retrospectivo se hizo un análisis preliminar después de cada ciclo y otro de todo el experimento de enseñanza. A través del análisis preliminar de los datos en cada ciclo del experimento de enseñanza se detectaron las dificultades que tuvieron los estudiantes durante el desarrollo de las tareas de la THA y se realizaron las modificaciones que se consideraron pertinentes con el fin de refinar la THA y aplicarla en un nuevo ciclo. También, se observó el rol de los modelos emergentes y la modelización matemática en la construcción de conjunto generador y espacio generado. Por su parte, con el análisis global de los tres ciclos del experimento de enseñanza se establecieron las características de la THA que favorecieron la construcción de los conceptos ya mencionados de Álgebra Lineal.
Los resultados de esta tesis dieron evidencias de que una innovación docente, basada en los modelos emergentes y la modelización matemática, favorece a los estudiantes en la construcción de conjunto generador y espacio generado. Lo anterior, permitió proponer una teoría de instrucción local (TIL) y una secuencia instruccional sobre estos contenidos de Álgebra Lineal. En concreto, la modelización matemática usada como herramienta contribuyó a activar los conocimientos previos de los estudiantes con la finalidad de que los aplicaran hacia la construcción de conjunto generador y espacio generado. Asimismo, el ciclo de modelización matemática sirvió para que el profesor los guiara a plantear una solución al problema inicial de la THA. Por otra parte, los modelos emergentes dieron a los estudiantes la oportunidad de ir construyendo estos conceptos de Álgebra Lineal desde su actividad matemática informal (vectores y contraseñas) hacia un razonamiento matemático más formal (aplicación de conjunto generador y espacio generado).
Esta tesis pretende servir de base a las investigaciones futuras centradas en el diseño de innovaciones docentes fundamentadas en los modelos emergentes y la modelización matemática a nivel universitario.This doctoral thesis is intended to generate a teaching innovation in the course of Linear Algebra studies at the university level based on emergent models and mathematical modelling. In order to achieve this goal, a hypothetical learning trajectory (HLT) was designed and refined for the concepts of spanning set and span. The publications that compose the compendium of articles of this thesis reveal the different stages that were carried out in order to generate a teaching innovation: design, implementation, evaluation and refinement. In order to respond to the objective of this thesis, a design-based research was carried out that consists of three phases. In the first phase, a first HLT was designed for spanning set and span. In the teaching experiment phase, three intervention cycles were carried out in the classroom. In the retrospective analysis phase, a preliminary analysis was done after each cycle, and another was done on the entire teaching experiment. Through the preliminary analysis of the data in each cycle of the teaching experiment, the difficulties that the students had during the development of the tasks of the HLT were detected, and the modifications that were considered pertinent were made in order to refine the HLT and to apply it in a new cycle. Also, the role of emergent models and mathematical modelling in the construction of spanning set and span was observed. On the other hand, with the overall analysis of the three cycles of the teaching experiment the characteristics of the HLT were established, which favoured the construction of the aforementioned concepts of Linear Algebra. The results of this thesis gave evidence that a teaching innovation, based on emergent models and mathematical modelling, assists students in the construction of spanning set and span. The previous one allowed them to propose a local instruction theory (LIT) and an instructional sequence on these contents of Linear Algebra. In particular, the use of mathematical modelling as a tool helped to activate the students' prior knowledge in order to apply them to the construction of the spanning set and span. Likewise, the mathematical modelling cycle served as a guide for the teacher to propose a solution to the initial problem of HLT. On the other hand, emergent models gave students the opportunity to construct these concepts of Linear Algebra from their informal mathematical activity (vectors and passwords), towards a more formal mathematical reasoning (the application of spanning set and span). This thesis aims to serve as a basis for future research focused on the design of teaching innovations based on emergent models and mathematical modelling at the university level.
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Pietromonaco, Stephen. "Emergent geometry through holomorphic matrix models." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/62661.
Full textAbstract:
Over the years, deep insights into string theory and supersymmetric gauge theories
have come from studying geometry emerging from matrix models. In this thesis,
I study the ℕ = 1* and ℕ = 2* theories from which an elliptic curve with
modular parameter τ is known to emerge, alongside an elliptic function called the
generalized resolvent into which the physics is encoded. This is indicative of the
common origin of the two theories in ℕ = 4 SYM. The ℕ = 1* Dijkgraaf-Vafa
matrix model is intrinsically holomorphic with parameter space corresponding to
the upper-half plane ℍ. The Dijkgraaf-Vafa matrix model ’t Hooft coupling S(τ)
has been previously shown to be holomorphic on ℍ and quasi-modular with respect
to SL(2,ℤ). The allowed ℕ = 2* coupling is constrained to a Hermitian
slice through the enlarged moduli space of the holomorphic ℕ = 1* model.
After explicitly constructing the map from the elliptic curve to the eigenvalue
plane, I argue that the ℕ = 1* coupling S(τ) encodes data reminiscent of ℕ = 2*.
A collection of extrema (saddle-points) of S(τ) behave curiously like the quantum
critical points of ℕ = 2* theory. For the first critical point, the match is exact. This
collection of points lie on the line of degeneration which behaves in a sense, like a
boundary at infinity
I also show explicitly that the emergent elliptic curve along with the generalized
resolvent allow one to recover exact eigenvalue densities. At weak coupling, my
method reproduces the inverse square root of ℕ = 2* as well as the Wigner semicircle
in ℕ = 1*. At strong coupling in ℕ = 1*, I provide encouraging evidence
of the parabolic density arising in the neighborhood of the line of degeneration.
To my knowledge, the parabolic density has only been observed asymptotically. It
is interesting to see evidence that it may be exactly encoded in the other form of
emergent geometry: the elliptic curve with the generalized resolvent.Science, Faculty of
Physics and Astronomy, Department of
Graduate
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Morita, Kohei. "Model Relative Emergence in Physics." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/253017.
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Phan, Van Thang, and Zhang Xin. "ABB’s Internationalization in the Emerging Chinese Market : Entry Mode and Market Development Progress." Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-1009.
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The aim of the thesis is to describe the entry mode choice and market
development progress of the successful MNC ABB in the specific
emerging market China. The authors also want to use theories in the
master course of International Business and Entrepreneurship to
explain the internationalization of one specific company ABB
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Thomas, Brownlee. "Emergency communications preparedness in Canada : a study of the command-and-control model and the emergence of alternative approaches." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41190.
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In recognition of the fact that communications commonly are considered to be essential to effective disaster preparedness and response, the present study addresses several related themes concerning the role of communications infrastructures--i.e., equipment facilities on the one hand, and established patterns of interpersonal relationships among government decision-makers and industry representatives on the other--in peacetime emergency communications planning and response processes. Its investigative tasks include the choice to apply the implicit guiding model in North American emergency management, namely, the "command-and-control" theoretical model, to a specific single-country peacetime disaster context: the Canadian case. That choice rests upon a recognition of the methodological difficulties and challenges in dealing with an emerging and highly dynamic configuration of multiple institutional players, new technologies and residual government policies respecting the telecommunications sector.The study's findings suggest an appreciation of the complexity and nuanced context within which multiorganizational and especially multijurisdictional peacetime crisis management occurs, sometimes understood as the emergence of other frameworks. This investigation contributes to the disaster literature by providing the first exhaustive study of Canada's national emergency communications structure and capabilities. It therefore can perhaps best be seen as a prologue or preliminary discourse to a broader international comparative effort of addressing questions related to communications preparedness in regard to peacetime disasters.
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Kitto, Kirsty, and Kirsty Kitto@flinders edu au. "Modelling and Generating Complex Emergent Behaviour." Flinders University. School of Chemistry, Physics and Earth Sciences, 2006. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20060626.132947.
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Despite a general recognition of the importance of complex systems, there is a dearth of general models capable of describing their dynamics. This is attributed to a complexity scale; the models are attempting to describe systems at different parts of the scale and are hence not compatible. We require new models capable of describing complex behaviour at different points of the complexity scale. This work identifies, and proceeds to examine systems at the high end of the complexity scale, those which have not to date been well understood by our current modelling
methodology. It is shown that many such models exhibit what might be termed contextual dependency, and that it is precisely this feature which is not well understood by our current modelling methodology. A particular problem is
discussed; our apparent inability to generate systems which display high end complexity, exhibited by for example
the general failure of strong ALife. A new model, Process Physics, that has been developed at Flinders University is discussed, and arguments are presented that it exhibits high end complexity. The features of this model that
lead to its displaying such behaviour are discussed, and the generalisation of this model to a broader range of complex systems is attempted.
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Dražková, Jana. "Emergentní vlastnosti sítě G1/S." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229035.
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Tato práce se zabývá buněčným cyklem kvasinky Saccgaromyces cerevisiae. Oblastí našeho zájmu je přechod mezi G1 a S fází, kde je naším cílem identifikovat velikosti buňky v době počátku DNA replikace. Nejprve se věnujeme nedávno publikovanému matematickému modelu, který popisuje mechanismy vedoucí k S fázi. Práce poskytuje detailní popis tohoto modelu, stejně jako časový průběh některých důležitých proteinů či jejich sloučenin. Dále se zabýváme pravděpodobnostním modelem aktivace replikačních počátků DNA. Nově uvažujeme vliv šíření DNA replikace mezi sousedícími počátky a analyzujeme jeho důsledky. Poskytujeme také senzitivní analýzu kritické velikosti buňky vzhledem ke konstantám popisujícím dynamiku reakcí v modelu G1/S přechodu.
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Jacobsson, Katharina. "Processer och motorer i lokalt skolförbättringsarbete." Doctoral thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för pedagogiska studier, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-48175.
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In the last decades there has been a growing interest in studying processes in improvement work. A particular interest has been the improvement process that the organisation undergoes and why events evolve in the way they do. By better understanding improvement processes and identifying supporting and hindering forces, the possibilities successfully to plan and implement improvement work in a systematic way increases. The focus of this thesis is organisation processes in schools and the relations that hold between planned and emergent improvement, when using a research-based strategy. The aim of the study is to describe and understand how processes are initiated, developed and completed when using a strategy called ‘Scope for Action Model’(frirumsstrategin). The empirical material of the study was organised and analysed according to Van de Ven’s and Poole’s four ideal types for process studies. Within each type, motors have been identified, which contain generative mechanisms that are a key to how actions, events and activities emerge and are driven forward. The results of the study show that the emergent initiatives are more frequent than the planned ones and that they are more likely to generate an improvement – in the study defined as something new in the organisation. However, on several occasions the planned improvement work inspires emergent initiatives for improvement and in some cases seems to be a fundamental condition for their existence. The different motors, which in the analysis are seen as driving forces, support or challenge each other, making the process develop and produce a result. The study shows that the participants reshape the strategy to make it fit into the organisation of the school. The results also show that teachers and principals have to be well-informed of how to work with a strategy in a practical and constructive way. They have to be able to translate crucial moments in the strategy to stimulate the participants to creative actions. The strategy for school improvement is not shown to be a solution which itself can create improvement, but in combination with the participant’s creative goal settings it can be a contributory factor.Denna avhandling riktar intresset mot skolförbättring och de processer som uppstår när en planerad förändring genomförs på skolor med stöd av en forskningsbaserad strategi. Syftet med avhandlingen är att beskriva och förstå hur dessa processer - i arbetet med frirumsstrategin - initieras, fortlöper och avslutas. Studien visar att det finns relationer mellan planerade och framväxande processer. De framväxande processerna är mest frekventa och har sin grund i deltagarnas egna målformuleringar. De förmår skapa utveckling i skolverksamheterna, något de planerade processerna inte lyckas med. Det planerade förbättringsarbetet tycks bidra genom att vara en inspirationskälla eller i vissa fall en förutsättning för de framväxande initiativ som tas av deltagare från olika delar av organisationen. Studien pekar på att en strategi kan vara igångsättare av förbättringsarbete och utgöra en grund för skolor att utgå från. Av resultatet framgår att det är viktigt att rektorer och lärare har goda kunskaper om förbättringsarbetets processer för att kunna använda strategin på ett konstruktivt sätt. Genom att ha insikt i vilka mekanismer som påverkar processer kan ett förbättringsarbete ledas medvetet samt tillåtas innehålla både de konflikter och den samstämmighet som kan bidra till att utveckling sker.
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Babst, Terrill Anne. "Trauma nursing care :a workload model." Thesis, Cape Technikon, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1015.
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Thesis (MTech (Business Administration))--Cape Technikon, Cape Town, 2000The current rationalisation of health care in the Western Cape may result in a decrease in the number of patients attending the Trauma Unit at Groote Schuur Hospital (GSH), one of the two large tertiary care hospitals in the Western Cape. This in turn may result in cuts in staff allocations to this unit. The nursing staff need to be proactive in preventing potential cuts which may compromise the services that they offer. Current statistics collected by nursing managers in the trauma unit at GSH provide an indication of the volume of work handled, but do not necessarily capture the intensity of that work. The purpose of this research project will determine the extent to which nursing care required by patients attending the trauma unit at GSH has increased and to establish appropriate staff workload scheduling. The existing classification systems available for assessing patient acuity levels are no longer suitable as they use patient numbers to describe workload. By using a classification system specifically developed for the use by nurse managers in high care units (trauma units), the appropriate staffing norms based on the acuity level of patients can be determined. Finally, this research project will determine a suitable model for measuring the intensity of workload specific to a trauma unit environment for the effective and efficient allocation of staff.
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Wever, Paul S. "A system dynamic model of leader emergence." Wright-Patterson AFB, OH : Air Force Institute of Technology, 2008. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA482705.
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Lösche, Frank. "Investigating the moment when solutions emerge in problem solving." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/12838.
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At some point during a creative action something clicks, suddenly the prospective problem solver just knows the solution to a problem, and a feeling of joy and relief arises. This phenomenon, called Eureka experience, insight, Aha moment, hunch, epiphany, illumination, or serendipity, has been part of human narrations for thousands of years. It is the moment of a subjective experience, a surprising, and sometimes a life-changing event. In this thesis, I narrow down this moment 1. conceptually, 2. experientially, and 3. temporally. The concept of emerging solutions has a multidisciplinary background in Cognitive Science, Arts, Design, and Engineering. Through the discussion of previous terminology and comparative reviews of historical literature, I identify sources of ambiguity surrounding this phenomenon and suggest unifying terms as the basis for interdisciplinary exploration. Tracking the experience based on qualitative data from 11 creative practitioners, I identify conflicting aspects of existing models of creative production. To bridge this theoretical and disciplinary divide between iterative design thinking and sequential models of creativity, I suggest a novel multi-layered model. Empirical support for this proposal comes from Dira, a computer-based open-ended experimental paradigm. As part of this thesis I developed the task and 40 unique sets of stimuli and response items to collect dynamic measures of the creative process and evade known problems of insightful tasks. Using Dira, I identify the moment when solutions emerge from the number and duration of mouse-interactions with the on-screen elements and the 124 participants' self-reports. I provide an argument for the multi-layered model to explain a discrepancy between the timing observed in Dira and existing sequential models. Furthermore, I suggest that Eureka moments can be assessed on more than a dichotomous scale, as the empirical data from interviews and Dira demonstrates for this rich human experience. I conclude that the research on insight benefits from an interdisciplinary approach and suggest Dira as an instrument for future studies.
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Song, Shuaiwen. "Power, Performance and Energy Models and Systems for Emergent Architectures." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/19316.
Full textAbstract:
Massive parallelism combined with complex memory hierarchies and heterogeneity in high-performance computing (HPC) systems form a barrier to efficient application and architecture design. The performance achievements of the past must continue over the next decade to address the needs of scientific simulations. However, building an exascale system by 2022 that uses less than 20 megawatts will require significant innovations in power and performance efficiency.A key limitation of past approaches is a lack of power-performance policies allowing users to quantitatively bound the effects of power management on the performance of their applications and systems. Existing controllers and predictors use policies fixed by a knowledgeable user to opportunistically save energy and minimize performance impact. While the qualitative effects are often good and the aggressiveness of a controller can be tuned to try to save more or less energy, the quantitative effects of tuning and setting opportunistic policies on performance and power are unknown. In other words, the controller will save energy and minimize performance loss in many cases but we have little understanding of the quantitative effects of controller tuning. This makes setting power-performance policies a manual trial and error process for domain experts and a black art for practitioners. To improve upon past approaches to high-performance power management, we need to quantitatively understand the effects of power and performance at scale.
In this work, I have developed theories and techniques to quantitatively understand the relationship between power and performance for high performance systems at scale. For instance, our system-level, iso-energy-efficiency model analyzes, evaluates and predicts the performance and energy use of data intensive parallel applications on multi-core systems. This model allows users to study the effects of machine and application dependent characteristics on system energy efficiency. Furthermore, this model helps users isolate root causes of energy or performance inefficiencies and develop strategies for scaling systems to maintain or improve efficiency. I have also developed methodologies which can be extended and applied to model modern heterogeneous architectures such as GPU-based clusters to improve their efficiency at scale.
Ph. D.
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Comun, Tamariz Lizett Paola, and Ojeda Paula Mercedes Huaman. "Adaptación del modelo CAPM en mercados emergentes." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/626342.
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El presente trabajo de investigación analiza el estado del arte de los ajustes y adaptaciones que se han impuesto al modelo Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) para habilitar su aplicabilidad en mercados emergentes, con el fin de valorar correctamente los activos financieros y estimar la rentabilidad esperada en función del riesgo, es justo mencionar que, desde la publicación del modelo han surgido constantes críticas que lo califican de ineficaz en mercados emergentes, basándose particularmente en que, el modelo representa el riesgo a través de una sola variable que es medida por el riesgo sistemático y que fue originalmente diseñada para mercados desarrollados; en tal sentido, se han presentado propuestas de diversos especialistas que con sus teorías recomiendan ajustar el beta o ponderarlo, otras propuestas sugieren incluir variables como el diferencial de crédito, riesgo país y lambda, con lo que sostienen que es significativamente importante la necesidad de tener que adecuar el modelo a mercados emergentes caracterizados particularmente por ser riesgosos y tener alta volatilidad debido a los constantes cambios en sus variables económicos y financieros.The following research analyzes the state of the art of the adjustments and adaptations imposed on the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) in order to enable its applicability on emerging markets, with the aim to value properly financial assets as well as estimate the expected profitability depending on the risk, It is fair to mention that, since the publication of the model, there has been severe criticism on its effectiveness for emerging markets, based on the fact that, the model displays the risk through a single variable that is measured by the systematic risk and that was originally designed for developed markets; in this sense, several proposals have been introduced by specialists suggesting wiht his theories to either adjust the Beta or weighted it, and other proposals suggest including variables such as credit spread, country risk and lambda, with which they maintain that it would be of the utmost importance to adapt the model to emerging markets, particularly characterized for being risky and have feature high volatility due to the constant fluctuations both in their economic and financial variables.
Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional
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Yang, Ang Information Technology & Electrical Engineering Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "A networked multi-agent combat model : emergence explained." Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/38823.
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Simulation has been used to model combat for a long time. Recently, it has been accepted that combat is a complex adaptive system (CAS). Multi-agent systems (MAS) are also considered as a powerful modelling and development environment to simulate combat. Agent-based distillations (ABD) - proposed by the US Marine Corp - are a type of MAS used mainly by the military for exploring large scenario spaces. ABDs that facilitated the analysis and understanding of combat include: ISAAC, EINSTein, MANA, CROCADILE and BactoWars. With new concepts such as networked forces, previous ABDs can implicitly simulate a networked force. However, the architectures of these systems limit the potential advantages gained from the use of networks. In this thesis, a novel network centric multi-agent architecture (NCMAA) is pro-posed, based purely on network theory and CAS. In NCMAA, each relationship and interaction is modelled as a network, with the entities or agents as the nodes. NCMAA offers the following advantages: 1. An explicit model of interactions/relationships: it facilitates the analysis of the role of interactions/relationships in simulations; 2. A mechanism to capture the interaction or influence between networks; 3. A formal real-time reasoning framework at the network level in ABDs: it interprets the emergent behaviours online. For a long time, it has been believed that it is hard in CAS to reason about emerging phenomena. In this thesis, I show that despite being almost impossible to reason about the behaviour of the system by looking at the components alone because of high nonlinearity, it is possible to reason about emerging phenomena by looking at the network level. This is undertaken through analysing network dynamics, where I provide an English-like reasoning log to explain the simulation. Two implementations of a new land-combat system called the Warfare Intelligent System for Dynamic Optimization of Missions (WISDOM) are presented. WISDOM-I is built based on the same principles as those in existing ABDs while WISDOM-II is built based on NCMAA. The unique features of WISDOM-II include: 1. A real-time network analysis toolbox: it captures patterns while interaction is evolving during the simulation; 2. Flexible C3 (command, control and communication) models; I 3. Integration of tactics with strategies: the tactical decisions are guided by the strategic planning; 4. A model of recovery: it allows users to study the role of recovery capability and resources; 5. Real-time visualization of all possible information: it allows users to intervene during the simulation to steer it differently in human-in-the-loop simulations. A comparison between the fitness landscapes of WISDOM-I and II reveals similarities and differences, which emphasise the importance and role of the networked architecture and the addition of strategic planning. Lastly but not least, WISDOM-II is used in an experiment with two setups, with and without strategic planning in different urban terrains. When the strategic planning was removed, conclusions were similar to traditional ABDs but were very different when the system ran with strategic planning. As such, I show that results obtained from traditional ABDs - where rational group planning is not considered - can be misleading. Finally, the thesis tests and demonstrates the role of communication in urban ter-rains. As future warfighting concepts tend to focus on asymmetric warfare in urban environments, it was vital to test the role of networked forces in these environments. I demonstrate that there is a phase transition in a number of situations where highly dense urban terrains may lead to similar outcomes as open terrains, while medium to light dense urban terrains have different dynamics
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Gretz, Raymond C. "Assessing automatic aid as an emergency response model." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/38938.
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CHDS State/LocalThe Northern Virginia Mutual Response (NVMR) Agreement is a time-tested successful model of an automatic-aid system. Since the 1970s, neighboring jurisdictions have collaborated and developed trust while providing efficient service to the public. Political borders do not create barriers to emergency services but provide an opportunity for collaboration. This thesis sought to answer (a) How does the automatic-aid response model work? (b) What benefits and challenges do participants experience? (c) What factors influence the adoption and continuation of automatic aid? The methodology of this research was a multiple case study of three participating jurisdictions in the NVMR Agreement. The analysis triangulated data from three levels of three organizations, along with various documents to describe feelings, experiences, and causes within the NVMR Agreement. The conclusions of this study stem from the common themes found in the data. Automatic aid leverages resources to maximize efficiency and has several additional benefits including increased levels of leadership, collaboration, and trust.
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Davies, Nathaniel Jude. "Nasonia vitripennis : an emerging model organism for chronobiology." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/39828.
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The circadian clock co-ordinates a wide range of biological processes in animals and as such has implications for a range of research topics, including human disease. Recent research has shown that Drosophila, the most widely used insect clock model, may be somewhat esoteric, suggesting that other insects may make more suitable models. The work presented in this thesis advances the jewel wasp Nasonia vitripennis as a model for circadian research. Firstly, the response of the Nasonia circadian clock to temperature was characterised, revealing the presence of a temperature compensation mechanism more strict in constant darkness than in constant light. This work was followed up by the profiling of the circadian transcriptome in Nasonia in both of these constant conditions. This work revealed fundamental differences in the dynamics of circadian transcription between Drosophila and Nasonia, as well as identifying temporal separation of biological function in the wasp, most notably of anabolic and catabolic processes. Secondly, conserved upstream non-coding sequences were identified and analysed, shedding light on the mechanisms of transcriptional and translational control in Nasonia. This analysis revealed conservation of the regulatory elements which control regulatory genes, indicating the presence of conserved regulatory cascades. This work also reports the identification and analysis of conserved regulatory mechanisms in RNA, including conserved secondary structures, carrying implications outside of chronobiology. Thirdly and finally, a gene-focused database was created for Nasonia to facilitate such research. Genome annotation data was processed and combined with functional data from published RNA-seq and microarray datasets, along with the original analysis of a genome-wide DNA methylation dataset, and the implementation of several tools.
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Wood, David L. "Life Course Health Development Model for Emerging Adulthood." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5179.
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Gutíerrez, Juan Pablo. "A model approach for effective emergency telecommunication architecture for Texas border cities /." View online, 2006. http://ecommons.txstate.edu/arp/114/.
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Lin, Chien-Hsiu. "Asset pricing in the Asian emerging markets." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1432786771&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Campasano, Nicholas. "Community preparedness : creating a model for change." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. https://www.hsdl.org/?view&doc=120265&coll=documents.
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Thesis (M.A. in Security Studies (Homeland Security and Defense))--Naval Postgraduate School.Thesis Advisor(s): Bergin, Richard. Second Reader: Wollman, Lauren. "March 2010." Author(s) subject terms: Citizen corps; personal behavior change model for disaster preparedness; behavior change model, extended parallel process model, transtheoretical model, precaution adoption model, community readiness model, fear appeals, community, preparedness, Manchester Fire Department. Includes bibliographical references (p. 129-140).
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Dlamini, Mandisa. "The case of Land Bank's retail emerging markets (REM) funding model for emerging farmers." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25096.
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The Land Bank's retail emerging markets (REM) funding model was established in 2011. The main objective of the following study was to investigate whether the collaborations between agricultural industry players involved in the funding model, had been beneficial towards supporting the growth of black emerging farmers. The two funding approaches taken being, direct lending to individual farmers and the wholesale financing facility aimed at farmer groups, are explored in detail. The method of analysis adopted was mixed, comprising of a qualitative and quantitative approach. The quantitative approach was directed at the entire REM loan book, to obtain a view of the growth of the book over time; the performance of the loans and the level of non-performing loans within the book. The results thereof would be of interest given that emerging farmers were perceived to be of a high risk. The qualitative approach delved deeper into the relationship between the Land Bank and intermediaries which were tasked to provide end-to-end business support to the emerging farmers. The expected results would include an observation of the development and social impact, including skills development for the emerging farmers. The questionnaire completed by a sample of black emerging farmers, working with intermediaries revealed a few positive factors. The emerging farmers not only received technical support, but also developed a range of skills which are suited to operating a successful farm and running a profitable business. Although affected by the drought, the farmers were able to generate a profit and also create employment in their communities, thereby making a contribution towards a social impact, through their development. However the farmers also spoke out about the challenges they still encountered in the industry. The quantitative analysis displayed that the portion of the REM loan book which consisted of non-performing loans was a small percentage, relative to the performance of the entire loan book. Furthermore, the REM loan book had increased sizeably since its inception, reaching out to a wider scope of emerging farmers. Overall, the Land Bank's REM funding model was a success.
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Kow, Lynette K. R. "A stroke service model developed in the private sector." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11436.
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This dissertation seeks primarily to enlighten the medical fraternity about the development of a stroke service at Constantiaberg Medi-Clinic and, additionally, how this has been implemented. The objective is to try to improve the outcome of patients presenting with various types and levels of neurological deficits as a consequence of cerebrovascular accidents.
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Crow, Daniel. "Emergent universality and quantum critical points in multi-orbital Anderson models." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/12806.
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We apply a joint Renormalised Perturbation Theory and Numerical Renormalisation Group approach to the study of an n-orbital Anderson Model with a Hund's Rule Coupling. We apply the same methods to the analysis of a two-impurity Anderson model, and find the emergence of a single renormalised energy scale on the approach to two types of quantum critical point, such that it is possible to characterise the low energy physics in terms of this energy scale alone.
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Commendatore, Pasquale, Ingrid Kubin, and Iryna Sushko. "Emerging Trade Patterns in a 3-Region Linear NEG Model: Three Examples." Springer, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65627-4_3.
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This chapter draws attention to a specific feature of a NEG model that uses linear (and not iso-elastic) demand functions, namely its ability to account for zero trade. Thus, it represents a suitable framework to study how changes in parameters that are typical for NEG models, such as trade costs and regional market size, not only shape the regional distribution of economic activity, but at the same time determine the emergence of additional trade links between formerly autarkic regions. We survey some related papers and present a three-region framework that potentially nests many possible trade patterns. To focus the analysis, we study in more detail three specific trade patterns frequently found in the EU trade network. We start with three autarkic regions; then we introduce the possibility that two regions trade with each other; and, finally, we allow for one region trading with the other two, but the latter are still not trading with each other. We find a surprising plethora of long-run equilibria each involving a specific regional distribution of economic activity and a specific pattern of trade links. We show how a reduction in trade costs shapes simultaneously industry location and the configuration of the trade network.
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Spencer, Simon. "Stochastic epidemic models for emerging diseases." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2008. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11132/.
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In this thesis several problems concerning the stochastic modelling of emerging infections are considered. Mathematical modelling is often the only available method of predicting the extent of an emerging disease and assessing proposed control measures, as there may be little or no available data on previous outbreaks. Only stochastic models capture the inherent randomness in disease transmission observed in real-life outbreaks, which can strongly influence the outcome of an emerging epidemic because case numbers will initially be small compared with the population size. Chapter 2 considers a model for diseases in which some of the cases exhibit no symptoms and are therefore difficult to observe. Examples of such diseases include influenza, mumps and polio. This chapter investigates the problem of determining whether or not the epidemic has died out if a period containing no symptomatic individuals is observed. When modelling interventions, it is realistic to include a delay between observing the presence of infection and the implementation of control measures. Chapter 3 quantifies the effect that the length of such a delay has on an epidemic amongst a population divided into households. As well as a constant delay, an exponentially distributed delay is also considered. Chapter 4 develops a model for the spread of an emerging strain of influenza in humans. By considering the probability that an outbreak will be contained within a region in which an intervention strategy is active, it becomes possible to quantify and therefore compare the effectiveness of intervention strategies.
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Quiroga, Persivale Guillermo Tomás. "Identificación de patrones de innovación estratégica a través de nuevos modelos de negocio en una economía en desarrollo : casos de Business Innovation en Perú con impacto global." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/398381.
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This thesis addresses new business models that allow firms in emerging economies to be globally competitive through strategic innovations. lt also seeks far the strategic nucleus of these firms in these economies to reflect on this subject and transform their ways of thinking, shifting from traditional strategic thinking that conceives of competition based on tradeoffs to a new paradigm based on strategic enterprises that emphasize strategic innovation in the business model.
Just as industry's quality revolution of the 1980s created significant value for businesses, reengineering applied those quality principles to services in the 1990s. Notwithstanding, the twenty-first century points to new competitive formulas based on innovation, thus the importance of the topic.
Business model innovation occurs when established, dominant business models are challenged by new business models from firms that often come from outside the industry to redefine the business problem and rules of the game. The new firm sees the opportunity to do something different. This implies that the established firm must quickly become a follower (Tidd, 2006). Therefore, the consensus is that business model innovation is critical for a firm to obtain superior performance (Zott, 2011).
A bibliometric analysis established the key literature in business innovation and its information critically analyzed in !he literature review. The qualitative case methodology follows Eisenhardt (1989) and begins by trying to understand how some firms' business models were their strategic innovations. Following Yin (2009), the cases were selected for their uniqueness and because they revealed insights to the questions of how and why the business model was innovative. Four firms were selected as case studies Kola Real, Agrokasa, Gastón Acurio and Grupo lnterbank-and analyzed using a business model canvas (Osteiwalder, 2009).
Based on the results of this analysis, the study concludes that strategic innovation stems from a leader's vision, a capacity to transcend their mental models, think differently and challenge the status quo. The case studies show that strategic innovation changes the rules of the game in three ways: transforming the client experience (the "what"), serving a new market segment (the "who") or reinventing the traditional value chain (the "how").
These are the basic building blocks of a new business model that is robust enough to take advantage of market opportunities and challenge established competitors in traditional markets. Finally, the thesis posits that when strategic innovation is significant, it can challenge established local competitors and multinationals globally. Therefore, new business models developed through strategic innovation is a new way far firms in emerging markets to become global competitors.Esta tesis aborda el tema de la generación de nuevos modelos de negocio que permitan a empresas de economías emergentes ser competidoras de clase mundial a partir de innovaciones estratégicas. De otro lado, busca que el ápice estratégico de las empresas de estas economías reflexionen sobre este tema, y así transformen sus formas de pensar, y migren de un pensamiento estratégico tradicional basado en competir sobre la base de trade off hacia un nuevo paradigma, basado en el emprendimiento estratégico que privilegie la innovación estratégica en el modelo de negocio. Así como durante los años ochenta se produjo la revolución de la calidad en las industrias, la misma que generó innumerable valor para las empresas, en los noventas fue la reingeniería que aplicó los principios de la corriente de la calidad a las empresas de servicios. Sin embargo, de cara al presente siglo se vislumbra que las nuevas fórmulas competitivas se basarán en la innovación. Es por ello la importancia del tema. La innovación en el modelo de negocio se lleva a cabo cuando modelos de negocios establecidos como dominantes son retados por nuevos modelos introducidos por un ingresante, normalmente ajeno a la industria, que redefine el problema y por tanto también las reglas de juego. El nuevo ingresante ve la oportunidad de hacer algo distinto. Lo que implica para el establecido tener que convertirse en un rápido seguidor (Tidd, 2006). Por ello, hay un fuerte consenso en la literatura académica que la innovación en el modelo de negocio es clave para una empresa si busca conseguir una performance superior (Zott, 2011). Se realizó el correspondiente estudio bibliométrico con el fin de determinar el estado del arte en el tema de business innovation. Posteriormente, mediante investigación documental se ha recopilado y seleccionado información del tema que por medio de la lectura crítica nos ha permitido presentar el estado del arte. La metodología del trabajo ha seguido los pasos propuestos por Eisenhardt (1989) para las investigaciones cualitativas y a través del método del caso. Partiendo de la pregunta de investigación que buscaba entender el cómo algunas empresas habían innovado estratégicamente a través del modelo de negocio. Siguiendo a Yin (2009) los casos se eligieron por ser únicos, reveladores y que buscan respuestas a preguntas del cómo y porqué. De las siguientes empresas se construyeron los casos de estudio: Kola Real, Agrokasa, Gastón Acurio y el Grupo lnterbank, elaborando para cada uno de ellos su Business Model Canvas que facilitó el análisis posterior (Osterwalder, 2009). Con ello, se tienen Jos fundamentos para la construcción de un nuevo modelo de negocio que es lo suficientemente robusto para, de un lado aprovechar y tomar las oportunidades que pueda haber en el mercado y de otro para retar a los competidores establecidos en mercados tradicionales. Finalmente la tesis plantea que cuando el grado de innovación estratégica es fuerte no sólo permite desafiar a los competidores establecidos del ámbito local sino permite retar a empresas multinacionales de una forma inteligente a nivel global. Por tanto, esta es una vía para empresas de mercados emergentes para convertirse en competidores de clase mundial, si desarrollan nuevos modelo de negocio a partir de la innovación estratégica.
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Groves, Season. "Knowledge, Involvement and Emergency Preparedness." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4683.
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This research formed a descriptive frame of the current levels of emergency preparedness and applied Hallahan's Issues Processes Model to examine the relationship between knowledge, involvement, and emergency preparedness among the participants. The variables were measured in the context of self-perception. The research method involved a survey of students who are just becoming responsible for their personal emergency preparedness. The results suggest that students lack overall emergency preparedness measures and show that self-perceived knowledge is positively related to self-perceived emergency preparedness. Yet, higher self-perceived knowledge is negatively related to actual emergency preparedness actions. Thus, the more knowledgeable the participants believed themselves to be the less likely they were to have an active household emergency plan. The results did not support involvement as a predictor of personal emergency preparedness. The findings highlight a serious deficiency among the population sample. Knowledge of personal emergency preparedness and related motivators can improve overall preparedness on local, state, and federal levels. Little is known about the relationship between knowledge and personal emergency preparedness. This paper presents findings that may assist public relations professionals in creating messages that account for the lack of preparedness and the contrary relationship between perceived knowledge and actual personal emergency preparedness.
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Sekandari, Zohib, and Shahin Saleh. "Emergency Department Triage Prediction of Emergency Severity Index using Machine Learning Models." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-259402.
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Study Objective: The emergency department (ED) in the United States strongly rely on subjective assessment of patients. This study seeks to evaluate an electronic triage system based on machine learning models that can predict the patients emergency severity index (ESI). Methods: A dataset containing 560 486 patients triage data was investigated.Three different machine learning models was tested and evaluated. A crossvalidation table and a confusion matrix was conducted from each of the models. The precision rate, recall rate and f1-score were calculated and reported. Result: The Gradient Boosting model returned an accuracy rate of 68%. The random forest model returned an accuracy rate of 66%. The Gaussian Naive Bayesmodel returned an accuracy rate of 25%. Conclusion: The model that best predicted the ESI-level is the GradientBoosting model. Further testing is needed with better computational power since we could not train our model with the whole dataset.Syfte: Akutmottagningen i USA förlitar sig kraftigt på en subjektiv värdering av patienter. Denna studie söker efter att evaluera ett elektronisk triage systembaserad på maskininlärningsmodeller som kan förutse patienters ESI. Metod: Ett data set som innehåller 560 486 patienters triage data har undersökts. Tre olika maskininlärningsmodeller har testats och evaluerats. En cross validation tabell och en confusion matrix har skapats för varje modell. Precision, recall och f1 värde har kalkylerats och rapporterats. Resultat: Gradient Boosting modellen har returnerat ett accuracy värde av 68%. Random Forest modellen har returnerat ett accuracy värde av 66%. Gaussian Naive Bayes modellen har returnerat ett accuracy värde av 25%. Slutsats: Modellen som har bäst förutsett ESI nivåerna är Gradient Boostingmodellen. Flera tester behövs med starkare beräkningskraft då vi inte kunde träna vår modell med hela datasetet.