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Journal articles on the topic 'Emission de particule'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 May 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Jasiński, Remigiusz. "Analysis of Particle Emissions from a Jet Engine including Conditions of Afterburner Use." Energies 15, no. 20 (2022): 7696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15207696.

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Particle emissions from aircraft engines are mainly related to the emission of particles with very small diameters. The phenomena of the formation of particles in various operating conditions of turbine engines are known. However, it is difficult to find the results of research on the use of the afterburner in the literature. Increased aviation activity within military airports and situations such as air shows are associated with a very intense emission of particles, and pose a direct threat to human health. This article presents an analysis of particulate matter emissions from a military airc

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2

Karjalainen, Panu, Hilkka Timonen, Erkka Saukko, et al. "Time-resolved characterization of primary particle emissions and secondary particle formation from a modern gasoline passenger car." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 13 (2016): 8559–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-8559-2016.

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Abstract. Changes in vehicle emission reduction technologies significantly affect traffic-related emissions in urban areas. In many densely populated areas the amount of traffic is increasing, keeping the emission level high or even increasing. To understand the health effects of traffic-related emissions, both primary (direct) particulate emission and secondary particle formation (from gaseous precursors in the exhaust emissions) need to be characterized. In this study, we used a comprehensive set of measurements to characterize both primary and secondary particulate emissions of a Euro 5 lev

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3

Feißel, Toni, Florian Büchner, Miles Kunze, et al. "Methodology for Virtual Prediction of Vehicle-Related Particle Emissions and Their Influence on Ambient PM10 in an Urban Environment." Atmosphere 13, no. 11 (2022): 1924. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13111924.

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As a result of rising environmental awareness, vehicle-related emissions such as particulate matter are subject to increasing criticism. The air pollution in urban areas is especially linked to health risks. The connection between vehicle-related particle emissions and ambient air quality is highly complex. Therefore, a methodology is presented to evaluate the influence of different vehicle-related sources such as exhaust particles, brake wear and tire and road wear particles (TRWP) on ambient particulate matter (PM). In a first step, particle measurements were conducted based on field trials

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4

Wang, Xinning, Yin Shen, Yanfen Lin, et al. "Atmospheric pollution from ships and its impact on local air quality at a port site in Shanghai." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 9 (2019): 6315–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-6315-2019.

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Abstract. Growing shipping activities in port areas have generated negative impacts on climate, air quality and human health. To better evaluate the environmental impact of ship emissions, an experimental characterization of air pollution from ships was conducted in Shanghai Port in the summer of 2016. The ambient concentrations of gaseous NO, NO2, SO2 and O3 in addition to fine particulate matter concentrations (PM2.5), particle size distributions and the chemical composition of individual particles from ship emission were continuously monitored for 3 months. Ship emission plumes were visible

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5

Karjalainen, P., H. Timonen, E. Saukko, et al. "Time-resolved characterization of primary and secondary particle emissions of a modern gasoline passenger car." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 15, no. 22 (2015): 33253–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-33253-2015.

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Abstract. Changes in traffic systems and vehicle emission reduction technologies significantly affect traffic-related emissions in urban areas. In many densely populated areas the amount of traffic is increasing, keeping the emission level high or even increasing. To understand the health effects of traffic related emissions, both primary and secondary particles that are formed in the atmosphere from gaseous exhaust emissions need to be characterized. In this study we used a comprehensive set of measurements to characterize both primary and secondary particulate emissions of a modern gasoline

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6

Gomes Nogueira, Ana Paula, Davide Carlevaris, Cinzia Menapace, and Giovanni Straffelini. "Tribological and Emission Behavior of Novel Friction Materials." Atmosphere 11, no. 10 (2020): 1050. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11101050.

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The tribological behavior and the related airborne particles emission of three copper-free automotive friction materials are investigated. The tests were conducted using a pin-on-disc tribometer equipped with a specifically designed clean-enclosure chamber for the emission measurement. Particle number concentration from particle size 0.3 µm up to 10 µm and the mass of emitted particles between 1 µm to 10 µm were measured. Particular emphasis was given to the chemical composition of the bulk materials, the friction layers and the emissions, in order to explain the acting wear mechanisms, and th

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7

Lou, Diming, Guokang Lou, Bo Wang, Liang Fang, and Yunhua Zhang. "Effect of LP-EGR on the Emission Characteristics of GDI Engine." Machines 10, no. 1 (2021): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines10010007.

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Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) can improve the fuel economy of gasoline direct-injection (GDI) engines, but at the same time it will have a significant impact on emissions. In this paper, the effects of low-pressure exhaust gas recirculation (LP-EGR) and its rate on the main gaseous and particulate emission characteristic of a GDI engine were investigated. The results showed that the particle size distribution of the GDI engine presented bimodal peaks in nucleation and accumulation mode, and the nucleation mode particles comprised the vast majority of the total particles. The effect of LP-EGR

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8

Josephson, Alexander J., Daniel Castaño, Marlin J. Holmes, and Rodman R. Linn. "Simulation Comparisons of Particulate Emissions from Fires under Marginal and Critical Conditions." Atmosphere 10, no. 11 (2019): 704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10110704.

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Using a particulate emissions model developed for FIRETEC, we explore differences in particle emission profiles between high-intensity fires under critical conditions and low-intensity fires under marginal conditions. Simulations were performed in a chaparral shrubland and a coniferous pine forest representative of the southeast United States. In each case, simulations were carried out under marginal and critical fire conditions. Marginal fire conditions include high moisture levels and low winds, often desired for prescribed fires as these conditions produce a low-intensity burn with slower s

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9

Bai, Fengyue, Chong Wang, Hongyuan Wei, Lin Zhang, and Xiaowei Wang. "Study on particulate matter emission characteristics and its influencing factors of a drum brake." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2963, no. 1 (2025): 012024. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2963/1/012024.

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Abstract The particle emission characteristics of a drum brake under different braking cycles and braking conditions are studied based on the inertia test bench, brake sealing chamber, and particle test equipment. The results show that a large number of particles are generated during the braking process, and the number of solid particles at a nominal particle size of approximately 10 nm electrical mobility diameter and larger (SPN10) emission factor can reach 8.927×109 #/km under different braking cycles. With the increase of initial braking speed, initial braking temperature, and vehicle load

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10

Julin, J., B.N. Murphy, D. Patoulias, et al. "Impacts of Future European Emission Reductions on Aerosol Particle Number Concentrations Accounting for Effects of Ammonia, Amines, and Organic Species." Environmental Science and Technology 52, no. 2 (2017): 692–700. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b05122.

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Although they are currently unregulated, atmospheric ultrafine particles (<100 nm) pose health risks because of, e.g., their capability to penetrate deep into the respiratory system. Ultrafine particles, often minor contributors to atmospheric particulate mass, typically dominate aerosol particle number concentrations. We simulated the response of particle number concentrations over Europe to recent estimates of future emission reductions of aerosol particles and their precursors. We used the chemical transport model PMCAMx-UF, with novel updates including state-of-the-art descriptions of a

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11

Hamatschek, Christopher, Klaus Augsburg, David Schobel, et al. "Comparative Study on the Friction Behaviour and the Particle Formation Process between a Laser Cladded Brake Disc and a Conventional Grey Cast Iron Disc." Metals 13, no. 2 (2023): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13020300.

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Brake-wear particle emissions are the result of the components of a friction brake being in tribological contact, and they are classified as non-exhaust emissions. Since most of the emitted particles belong to the size classes of particulate matter (≤10 μm) and differ significantly in terms of their physico-chemical properties from automotive exhaust emissions, this source is of particular relevance to human health and, therefore, the focus of scientific studies. Previous studies have shown that coated brake discs offer significant wear and emission reduction potential. Nevertheless, no studie

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12

Giechaskiel, Barouch, Anastasios Melas, Giorgio Martini, Panagiota Dilara, and Leonidas Ntziachristos. "Revisiting Total Particle Number Measurements for Vehicle Exhaust Regulations." Atmosphere 13, no. 2 (2022): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13020155.

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Road transport significantly contributes to air pollution in cities. Emission regulations have led to significantly reduced emissions in modern vehicles. Particle emissions are controlled by a particulate matter (PM) mass and a solid particle number (SPN) limit. There are concerns that the SPN limit does not effectively control all relevant particulate species and there are instances of semi-volatile particle emissions that are order of magnitudes higher than the SPN emission levels. This overview discusses whether a new metric (total particles, i.e., solids and volatiles) should be introduced

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13

Grigoriadis, Achilleas, Nikolaos Kousias, Anastasios Raptopoulos-Chatzistefanou, et al. "Particulate and Gaseous Emissions from a Large Two-Stroke Slow-Speed Marine Engine Equipped with Open-Loop Scrubber under Real Sailing Conditions." Atmosphere 15, no. 7 (2024): 845. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos15070845.

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Particulate and gaseous emissions were studied from a large two-stroke slow-speed diesel engine equipped with an open-loop scrubber, installed on a 78,200 metric tonnes (deadweight) containership, under real operation. This paper presents the on-board emission measurements conducted upstream and downstream of the scrubber with heavy fuel oil (HFO) and ultra-low sulfur fuel oil (ULSFO). Particle emissions were examined under various dilution ratios and temperature conditions, and with two thermal treatment setups, involving a thermodenuder (TD) and a catalytic stripper (CS). Our results show a

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14

Zhao, Yujiao, Mengyao Wang, Pengfei Tao, Guozhi Qiu, and Xueying Lu. "Emission Characteristics of Particulate Matter from Boiling Food." Atmosphere 14, no. 1 (2023): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos14010167.

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Cooking food in water or soup, such as hot pot, is a widely used cooking method in China. This type of cooking requires no oil and cooks at a lower temperature, but that does not mean it produces fewer pollutants or is less harmful. There are few research studies on the emission characteristics and mechanisms of particulate matter emissions when eating hot pot (the boiling process), which leads to the unreasonable design of ventilation systems for this kind of catering. In this paper, the effects of boiling different ingredients (including noodles, potatoes, fish, tofu, meatballs, and pork) on

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15

Petters, Markus D., Tyas Pujiastuti, Ajmal Rasheeda Satheesh, Sabin Kasparoglu, Bethany Sutherland, and Nicholas Meskhidze. "Wind-driven emissions of coarse-mode particles in an urban environment." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 24, no. 1 (2024): 745–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-745-2024.

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Abstract. Quantifying surface–atmosphere exchange rates of particles is important for understanding the role of suspended particulate matter in radiative transfer, clouds, precipitation, and climate change. Emissions of coarse-mode particles with a diameter greater than 0.5 µm provide giant cloud condensation nuclei and ice nuclei. These emissions are critical for understanding the evolution of cloud microphysical properties yet remain poorly understood. Here we introduce a new method that uses lidar retrievals of the elastic backscatter and Doppler velocity to obtain surface number emissions

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16

Zhong, Chongzhi, Jiaxing Sun, Jing Zhang, et al. "Characteristics of Vehicle Tire and Road Wear Particles’ Size Distribution and Influencing Factors Examined via Laboratory Test." Atmosphere 15, no. 4 (2024): 423. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos15040423.

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With the implementation of strict emission regulations and the use of cleaner fuels, there has been a considerable reduction in exhaust emissions. However, the relative contribution of tire wear particles (TWPs) to particulate matters is expected to gradually increase. This study conducted laboratory wear experiments on tires equipped on domestically popular vehicle models, testing the factors and particle size distribution of TWPs. The results showed that the content of tire wear particle emission was mainly ultrafine particles, accounting for 94.80% of particles ranging from 6 nm to 10 μm. T

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17

Boykin, Clif, Michael Buser, Derek Whitelock, and Gregory Holt. "Overflow System Particulate Emission Factors for Cotton Gins: Particle Size Distribution Characteristics." Journal of Cotton Science 19, no. 3 (2015): 554–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.56454/ptqd2556.

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This report is part of a project to characterize cotton gin emissions from the standpoint of total particulate stack sampling and particle size analyses. In 2006 and again in 2013, the United States (U.S.) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published a more stringent National Ambient Air Quality Standard for particulate matter with nominal diameter less than or equal to 2.5 µm (PM2.5). This created an urgent need to collect additional cotton gin emissions data to address current regulatory issues, because EPA AP-42 cotton gin PM2.5 emission factors were limited. In addition, current EPA AP-

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18

Paasonen, Pauli, Kaarle Kupiainen, Zbigniew Klimont, Antoon Visschedijk, Hugo A. C. Denier van der Gon, and Markus Amann. "Continental anthropogenic primary particle number emissions." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 11 (2016): 6823–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-6823-2016.

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Abstract. Atmospheric aerosol particle number concentrations impact our climate and health in ways different from those of aerosol mass concentrations. However, the global, current and future anthropogenic particle number emissions and their size distributions are so far poorly known. In this article, we present the implementation of particle number emission factors and the related size distributions in the GAINS (Greenhouse Gas–Air Pollution Interactions and Synergies) model. This implementation allows for global estimates of particle number emissions under different future scenarios, consist

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19

Buser, Michael, Derek Whitelock, Clif Boykin, and Gregory Holt. "Unloading System Particulate Emission Factors for Cotton Gins: Particle Size Distribution Characteristics." Journal of Cotton Science 19, no. 3 (2015): 591–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.56454/ytlk1061.

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This report is part of a project to characterize cotton gin emissions from the standpoint of total particulate stack sampling and particle size analyses. In 2006 and again in 2013, the United States (U.S.) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published a more stringent National Ambient Air Quality Standard for particulate matter with nominal diameter less than or equal to 2.5 µm (PM2.5). This created an urgent need to collect additional cotton gin emissions data to address current regulatory issues, because EPA AP-42 cotton gin PM2.5 emission factors were limited. In addition, current EPA AP-

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20

Moreira, Fernando Miguel, Ana Ferreira, and Nelson Barros. "Determination of Occupational Exposure to Ultrafine Particles in Different Sectors of Activity." Safety 10, no. 1 (2024): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/safety10010030.

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The primary sources of ultrafine particulate matter are linked to human activity. Certain particulate emissions, particularly those of a finer nature, can significantly impact human health, making them one of the most concerning pollutants. Ultrafine particles (UFPs), which have a diameter of less than 100 nm, are of particular concern due to their impact on human health and the difficulty in controlling them. The concentration of ultrafine particles (UFPs) in the workplace is a growing concern and is classified as an emerging risk. Workers may be exposed to UFPs through inhalation, skin absor

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21

Whitelock, Derek, Michael Buser, Clif Boykin, and Gregory Holt. "Second Stage Mote System Particulate Emission Factors for Cotton Gins: Particle Size Distribution Characteristics." Journal of Cotton Science 19, no. 3 (2015): 504–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.56454/kzio1772.

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This report is part of a project to characterize cotton gin emissions from the standpoint of total particulate stack sampling and particle size analyses. In 2006 and again in 2013, the United States (U.S.) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published a more stringent National Ambient Air Quality Standard for particulate matter with nominal diameter less than or equal to 2.5 µm (PM2.5). This created an urgent need to collect additional cotton gin emissions data to address current regulatory issues, because EPA AP-42 cotton gin PM2.5 emission factors were limited. In addition, EPA AP-42 inclu

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22

Buser, Michael, Derek Whitelock, Clif Boykin, and Gregory Holt. "First Stage Mote System Particulate Emission Factors for Cotton Gins: Particle Size Distribution Characteristics." Journal of Cotton Science 19, no. 3 (2015): 491–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.56454/xglt5780.

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This report is part of a project to characterize cotton gin emissions from the standpoint of total particulate stack sampling and particle size analyses. In 2006 and again in 2013, the United States (U.S.) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published a more stringent National Ambient Air Quality Standard for particulate matter with nominal diameter less than or equal to 2.5 µm (PM2.5). This created an urgent need to collect additional cotton gin emissions data to address current regulatory issues, because EPA AP-42 cotton gin PM2.5 emission factors were limited. In addition, current EPA AP-

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23

Boykin, Clif, Michael Buser, Derek Whitelock, and Gregory Holt. "Combined Mote System Particulate Emission Factors for Cotton Gins: Particle Size Distribution Characteristics." Journal of Cotton Science 19, no. 3 (2015): 517–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.56454/nypk9659.

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This report is part of a project to characterize cotton gin emissions from the standpoint of total particulate stack sampling and particle size analyses. In 2006 and again in 2013, the United States (U.S.) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published a more stringent National Ambient Air Quality Standard for particulate matter with nominal diameter less than or equal to 2.5 µm (PM2.5). This created an urgent need to collect additional cotton gin emissions data to address current regulatory issues, because EPA AP-42 cotton gin PM2.5 emission factors were limited. In addition, current EPA AP-

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24

Whitelock, Derek, Michael Buser, Clif Boykin, and Gregory Holt. "Master Trash System Particulate Emission Factors for Cotton Gins: Particle Size Distribution Characteristics." Journal of Cotton Science 19, no. 3 (2015): 541–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.56454/pguc4338.

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This report is part of a project to characterize cotton gin emissions from the standpoint of total particulate stack sampling and particle size analyses. In 2006 and again in 2013, the United States (U.S.) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published a more stringent National Ambient Air Quality Standard for particulate matter with nominal diameter less than or equal to 2.5 µm (PM2.5). This created an urgent need to collect additional cotton gin emissions data to address current regulatory issues, because EPA AP-42 cotton gin PM2.5 emission factors were limited. In addition, current EPA AP-

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25

Buser, Michael, Derek Whitelock, Clif Boykin, and Gregory Holt. "Mote Trash System Particulate Emission Factors for Cotton Gins: Particle Size Distribution Characteristics." Journal of Cotton Science 19, no. 3 (2015): 567–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.56454/vqhi9732.

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This report is part of a project to characterize cotton gin emissions from the standpoint of total particulate stack sampling and particle size analyses. In 2006 and again in 2013, the United States (U.S.) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published a more stringent National Ambient Air Quality Standard for particulate matter with nominal diameter less than or equal to 2.5 µm (PM2.5). This created an urgent need to collect additional cotton gin emissions data to address current regulatory issues, because EPA AP-42 cotton gin PM2.5 emission factors were limited. In addition, current EPA AP-

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26

Boykin, Clif, Michael Buser, Derek Whitelock, and Gregory Holt. "Cyclone Robber System Particulate Emission Factors for Cotton Gins: Particle Size Distribution Characteristics." Journal of Cotton Science 19, no. 3 (2015): 478–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.56454/eklt6904.

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This report is part of a project to characterize cotton gin emissions from the standpoint of total particulate stack sampling and particle size analyses. In 2006 and again in 2013, the United States (U.S.) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published a more stringent National Ambient Air Quality Standard for particulate matter with nominal diameter less than or equal to 2.5 µm (PM2.5). This created an urgent need to collect additional cotton gin emissions data to address current regulatory issues, because EPA AP-42 cotton gin PM2.5 emission factors were limited. In addition, current EPA AP-

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27

Whitelock, Derek, Michael Buser, Clif Boykin, and Gregory Holt. "Battery Condenser System Particulate Emission Factors for Cotton Gins: Particle Size Distribution Characteristics." Journal of Cotton Science 19, no. 3 (2015): 465–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.56454/dali5351.

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This report is part of a project to characterize cotton gin emissions from the standpoint of total particulate stack sampling and particle size analyses. In 2006 and again in 2013, the United States (U.S.) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published a more stringent National Ambient Air Quality Standard for particulate matter with nominal diameter less than or equal to 2.5 µm (PM2.5). This created an urgent need to collect additional cotton gin emissions data to address current regulatory issues, because EPA AP-42 cotton gin PM2.5 emission factors were limited. In addition, current EPA AP-

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28

Pacura, Wiktor, Katarzyna Szramowiat-Sala, Mariusz Macherzyński, Janusz Gołaś, and Piotr Bielaczyc. "Analysis of Micro-Contaminants in Solid Particles from Direct Injection Gasoline Vehicles." Energies 15, no. 15 (2022): 5732. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15155732.

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Exhaust emissions from vehicles are the subject of numerous studies and legal acts. In the European Union, exhaust emissions are regulated by “Euro” emission standards, which limit emissions of gaseous pollutants such as CO, CO2, HC, and NOx, as well as the particulate matter (PM) and particle number (PN). Solid particles consist of a number of micro-contaminants, inter alia polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their nitrated and oxygenated derivatives. Despite their highly mutagenic and carcinogenic character, these micro-contaminants are not regulated in Euro emissions standards. This

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29

Deme, Dániel, and András Telekes. "Onkológiai betegek szoros képalkotó követése – előny vagy hátrány?" Orvosi Hetilap 157, no. 39 (2016): 1538–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/650.2016.30542.

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The International Commission on Radiological Protection estimates, that 100 mSv exposure of radiation increases cancer risk by 0.5%. The central hypothesis of the Linear No Threshold model is that low dose ionizing radiation can induce carcinogenesis through the so called “one hit action”, that is one or more deoxyribonucleic acid strands can be broken by the hit of only one electron particule. Regardless of the radiation dose, radiation exposure increases cancer risk. In the United States of America, one-third of computed tomographic scans are carried with no clear clinical indication, i.e. n

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30

Wang, Xiaowei, Lin Zhang, Mingda Wang, Xiaojun Jing, and Xuejing Gu. "Sub-23 nm Solid Particle Number Emission Characteristics for a Heavy-duty Engine Fuelled with Compression Natural Gas." E3S Web of Conferences 329 (2021): 01012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202132901012.

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Cold and hot WHTC (World harmonized Transient-State Cycle) were separately run on the engine test bed for a heavy-duty natural gas engine fuelled with high calorific value natural gas and low calorific value natural gas. The particle emissions including PN10 (number of particles above 10nm) and PN23 (number of particles above 23nm) were measured. The results show that the transient emission of PN10 and PN23 have basically the same trends. The weighted specific emission of PN10 is 21.6 times of PN23. Cold start PN emissions account for a relatively large proportion. Fuel property has a great in

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31

BIELACZYC, Piotr, Andrzej SZCZOTKA, and Joseph WOODBURN. "An overview of particulate matter emissions from modern light duty vehicles." Combustion Engines 153, no. 2 (2013): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-117007.

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This paper presents a comparison of particle mass and number emissions from different types of vehicles with spark-ignition (SI) engines, with MPI and DI fuelling systems and compression-ignition (CI) engines with DI fuelling system with/without Diesel particles filters (DPF). The methodology of particulate mass and particle number emissions measurement with a full flow dilution tunnel for LDD engines and particulate sampling system is described. The results of measurements performed according to Euro 5/Euro 6 requirements for PC and LDV vehicles are presented, as performed on the chassis dyna

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32

Whitelock, Derek, Michael Buser, Clif Boykin, and Gregory Holt. "First Stage Lint Cleaning System Particulate Emission Factors for Cotton Gins: Particle Size Distribution Characteristics." Journal of Cotton Science 19, no. 3 (2015): 427–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.56454/lmkj5641.

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This report is part of a project to characterize cotton gin emissions from the standpoint of total particulate stack sampling and particle size analyses. In 2006 and again in 2013, the United States (U.S.) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published a more stringent National Ambient Air Quality Standard for particulate matter with nominal diameter less than or equal to 2.5 µm (PM2.5). This created an urgent need to collect additional cotton gin emissions data to address current regulatory issues, because EPA AP-42 cotton gin PM2.5 emission factors were limited. In addition, current EPA AP-

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33

Boykin, Clif, Michael Buser, Derek Whitelock, and Gregory Holt. "Second Stage Lint Cleaning System Particulate Emission Factors for Cotton Gins: Particle Size Distribution Characteristics." Journal of Cotton Science 19, no. 3 (2015): 440–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.56454/vhhz1475.

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This report is part of a project to characterize cotton gin emissions from the standpoint of total particulate stack sampling and particle size analyses. In 2006 and again in 2013, the United States (U.S.) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published a more stringent National Ambient Air Quality Standard for particulate matter with nominal diameter less than or equal to 2.5 µm (PM2.5). This created an urgent need to collect additional cotton gin emissions data to address current regulatory issues, because EPA AP-42 cotton gin PM2.5 emission factors were limited. In addition, current EPA AP-

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34

Heintzenberg, Jost, Wolfram Birmili, Bryan Hellack, Gerald Spindler, Thomas Tuch, and Alfred Wiedensohler. "Aerosol pollution maps and trends over Germany with hourly data at four rural background stations from 2009 to 2018." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 18 (2020): 10967–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10967-2020.

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Abstract. A total of 10 years of hourly aerosol and gas data at four rural German stations have been combined with hourly back trajectories to the stations and inventories of the European Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR), yielding pollution maps over Germany of PM10, particle number concentrations, and equivalent black carbon (eBC). The maps reflect aerosol emissions modified with atmospheric processes during transport between sources and receptor sites. Compared to emission maps, strong western European emission centers do not dominate the downwind concentrations bec

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35

Buser, Michael, Derek Whitelock, Clif Boykin, and Gregory Holt. "Mote Cyclone Robber System Particulate Emission Factors for Cotton Gins: Particle Size Distribution Characteristics." Journal of Cotton Science 19, no. 3 (2015): 529–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.56454/qxka7531.

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This report is part of a project to characterize cotton gin emissions from the standpoint of total particulate stack sampling and particle size analyses. In 2006 and again in 2013, the United States (U.S.) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published a more stringent National Ambient Air Quality Standard for particulate matter with nominal diameter less than or equal to 2.5 µm (PM2.5). This created an urgent need to collect additional cotton gin emissions data to address current regulatory issues, because EPA AP-42 cotton gin PM2.5 emission factors were limited. In addition, current EPA AP-

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36

Buser, Michael, Derek Whitelock, Clif Boykin, and Gregory Holt. "Combined Lint Cleaning System Particulate Emission Factors for Cotton Gins: Particle Size Distribution Characteristics." Journal of Cotton Science 19, no. 3 (2015): 453–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.56454/pymi8650.

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This report is part of a project to characterize cotton gin emissions from the standpoint of total particulate stack sampling and particle size analyses. In 2006 and again in 2013, the United States (U.S.) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published a more stringent National Ambient Air Quality Standard for particulate matter with nominal diameter less than or equal to 2.5 µm (PM2.5). This created an urgent need to collect additional cotton gin emissions data to address current regulatory issues, because EPA AP-42 cotton gin PM2.5 emission factors were limited. In addition, current EPA AP-

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Perricone, Guido, Mattia Alemani, Jens Wahlström, and Ulf Olofsson. "A proposed driving cycle for brake emissions investigation for test stand." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 234, no. 1 (2019): 122–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407019841222.

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Particulate matter emission factors from vehicle brakes are difficult to assess directly from the field. Moreover, there is a lack of a standardized cycle and test stand for evaluating brake emissions. For these reasons, a test cycle was developed from real driving data collected from a car. This new test cycle was implemented on an inertia disc brake dynamometer appositely designed for brake particle emission studies. Results reveal that, for the brake system used as an example, the obtained emission factors for the urban driving conditions studied are comparable to EURO 6 regulations in term

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Vogt, M., E. D. Nilsson, L. Ahlm, E. M. Mårtensson та C. Johansson. "The relationship between 0.25–2.5 μm aerosol and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions over a city". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, № 9 (2010): 21521–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-21521-2010.

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Abstract. Unlike exhaust emissions, non-exhaust traffic emissions are completely unregulated and there are large uncertainties in the non-exhaust emission factors required to estimate the emissions of these aerosols. This study provides the first published results of direct measurements of size resolved emission factors for particles in the size range 0.25–2.5 μm using a new approach deriving aerosol emission factors from the CO2 emission fluxes. Because the aerosol and CO2 emissions have a common source and because the CO2 emission per fuel or traffic amount are much less uncertain than the a

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Pielecha, Jacek, and Jerzy Merkisz. "Selection of a Particulate Filter for a Gasoline-Powered Vehicle Engine in Static and Dynamic Conditions." Energies 16, no. 23 (2023): 7777. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16237777.

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Current challenges in terms of exhaust emission limits are related to the reduction of the particle numbers in spark ignition direct injection engines. The article concerns the analysis of the thermodynamic parameters of engine operation, allowing the selection of the particulate filter configuration and its technical parameters. The designed system consisting of an internal combustion engine and an exhaust system with an exhaust gas treatment system should be sufficient to meet ecological requirements in the form of reducing particulate matter emissions. The analysis of particulate matter emi

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ŠARKAN, Branislav, Michal LOMAN, Ondrej STOPKA, Jacek CABAN, and Arkadiusz MAŁEK. "Quantifying the Volume of Particulate Matter at Bus Stations." Promet - Traffic&Transportation 37, no. 1 (2025): 19–35. https://doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v37i1.675.

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Congested urban traffic substantially contributes to air pollution in cities. While waiting at bus stops, passengers may be exposed to increased contamination caused by vehicles, including particulate matter (PM). The modern bus stop layout, position and design ignore air quality and allow excessive exposure to pollution. Particulate matter seriously harms the environment, threatening human health and severely damaging all living organisms. The research purpose is to monitor particle emissions at the bus station in the city of Žilina (Slovakia), amassing data on exhaust emissions released from

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Keita, Sekou, Cathy Liousse, Véronique Yoboué, et al. "Particle and VOC emission factor measurements for anthropogenic sources in West Africa." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 10 (2018): 7691–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-7691-2018.

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Abstract. A number of campaigns have been carried out to establish the emission factors of pollutants from fuel combustion in West Africa, as part of work package 2 (“Air Pollution and Health”) of the DACCIWA (Dynamics-Aerosol-Chemistry-Cloud Interactions in West Africa) FP7 program. Emission sources considered here include wood (hevea and iroko) and charcoal burning, charcoal making, open trash burning, and vehicle emissions, including trucks, cars, buses and two-wheeled vehicles. Emission factors of total particulate matter (TPM), elemental carbon (EC), primary organic carbon (OC) and volati

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He, Xiaojia, Lillie Marie Barnett, Jennifer Jeon, et al. "Real-Time Exposure to 3D-Printing Emissions Elicits Metabolic and Pro-Inflammatory Responses in Human Airway Epithelial Cells." Toxics 12, no. 1 (2024): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics12010067.

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Three-dimensional (3D) printer usage in household and school settings has raised health concerns regarding chemical and particle emission exposures during operation. Although the composition of 3D printer emissions varies depending on printer settings and materials, little is known about the impact that emissions from different filament types may have on respiratory health and underlying cellular mechanisms. In this study, we used an in vitro exposure chamber system to deliver emissions from two popular 3D-printing filament types, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and polylactic acid (PLA)

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Lauenburg, Marvin, Matthias Karl, Volker Matthias, Markus Quante, and Martin Ramacher. "City Scale Modeling of Ultrafine Particles in Urban Areas with Special Focus on Passenger Ferryboat Emission Impact." Toxics 10, no. 1 (2021): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10010003.

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Air pollution by aerosol particles is mainly monitored as mass concentrations of particulate matter, such as PM10 and PM2.5. However, mass-based measurements are hardly representative for ultrafine particles (UFP), which can only be monitored adequately by particle number (PN) concentrations and are considered particularly harmful to human health. This study examines the dispersion of UFP in Hamburg city center and, in particular, the impact of passenger ferryboats by modeling PN concentrations and compares concentrations to measured values. To this end, emissions inventories and emission size

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Fink, Lea, Matthias Karl, Volker Matthias, Andreas Weigelt, Matti Irjala, and Pauli Simonen. "Using the Multicomponent Aerosol FORmation Model (MAFOR) to Determine Improved VOC Emission Factors in Ship Plumes." Toxics 12, no. 6 (2024): 432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics12060432.

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International shipping’s particulate matter primary emissions have a share in global anthropogenic emissions of between 3% and 4%. Ship emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can play an important role in the formation of fine particulate matter. Using an aerosol box model for the near-plume scale, this study investigated how the changing VOC emission factor (EF) for ship engines impacts the formation of secondary PM2.5 in ship exhaust plumes that were detected during a measurement campaign. The agreement between measured and modeled particle number size distribution was improved by ad

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Su, Penghao, Hanzhe Zhang, Liming Peng, et al. "Particulate Matter (PM) and Parent, Nitrated and Oxygenated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Emissions of Emulsified Heavy Fuel Oil in Marine Low-Speed Main Engine." Toxics 12, no. 6 (2024): 404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics12060404.

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To understand the influences of emulsified fuel on ship exhaust emissions more comprehensively, the emissions of particulate matter (PM), nitrated, oxygenated and parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were studied on a ship main engine burning emulsified heavy fuel oil (EHFO) and heavy fuel oil (HFO) as a reference. The results demonstrate that EHFO (emulsified heavy fuel oil) exhibits notable abilities to significantly reduce emissions of particulate matter (PM) and low molecular weight PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) in the gas phase, particularly showcasing maximum reductio

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Pirjola, L., A. Pajunoja, J. Walden, et al. "Mobile measurements of ship emissions in two harbour areas in Finland." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 6, no. 4 (2013): 7149–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-6-7149-2013.

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Abstract. Four measurement campaigns by a mobile laboratory van were performed in two different environments; inside the harbour areas in the city center of Helsinki and along the narrow shipping channel near the city of Turku, Finland, during the winter and summer conditions in 2010–2011. The characteristics of gaseous (CO, CO2, SO2, NO, NO2, NOx) and particulate (number and volume size distributions as well as PM2.5) emissions for 11 ships regularly operating on the Baltic Sea were studied to determine the emission parameters. The highest particle concentrations were 1.5 × 106 and 1.6 × 105

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Mathissen, Marcel, Theodoros Grigoratos, Tero Lahde, and Rainer Vogt. "Brake Wear Particle Emissions of a Passenger Car Measured on a Chassis Dynamometer." Atmosphere 10, no. 9 (2019): 556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10090556.

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Brake wear emissions with a special focus on particle number (PN) concentrations were investigated during a chassis dynamometer measurement campaign. A recently developed, well-characterized, measurement approach was applied to measure brake particles in a semi-closed vehicle setup. Implementation of multiple particle measurement devices allowed for simultaneous measurement of volatile and solid particles. Estimated PN emission factors for volatile and solid particles differed by up to three orders of magnitude with an estimated average solid particle emission factor of 3∙109 # km−1 brake−1 ov

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Bermúdez, Vicente, Santiago Ruiz, Ricardo Novella, and Lian Soto. "Effects of multiple injection strategies on gaseous emissions and particle size distribution in a two-stroke compression-ignition engine operating with the gasoline partially premixed combustion concept." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 233, no. 10 (2018): 2650–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407018802960.

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In order to improve performance of internal combustion engines and meet the requirements of the new pollutant emission regulations, advanced combustion strategies have been investigated. The newly designed partially premixed combustion concept has demonstrated its potential for reducing NOx and particulate matter emissions combined with high indicated efficiencies while still retaining proper control over combustion process by using different injection strategies. In this study, parametric variations of injection pressure, second injection and third injection timings were experimentally perfor

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Peters, K., P. Stier, J. Quaas, and H. Graßl. "Aerosol indirect effects from shipping emissions: sensitivity studies with the global aerosol-climate model ECHAM-HAM." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 12, no. 3 (2012): 7073–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-7073-2012.

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Abstract. In this study, we employ the global aerosol-climate model ECHAM-HAM to globally assess aerosol indirect effects (AIEs) resulting from shipping emissions of aerosols and aerosol precursor gases. We implement shipping emissions of sulphur dioxide (SO2), black carbon (BC) and particulate organic matter (POM) for the year 2000 into the model and quantify the model's sensitivity towards uncertainties associated with the emission parameterisation as well as with the shipping emissions themselves. Sensitivity experiments are designed to investigate (i) the uncertainty in the size distributi

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Peters, K., P. Stier, J. Quaas, and H. Graßl. "Aerosol indirect effects from shipping emissions: sensitivity studies with the global aerosol-climate model ECHAM-HAM." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 13 (2012): 5985–6007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-5985-2012.

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Abstract. In this study, we employ the global aerosol-climate model ECHAM-HAM to globally assess aerosol indirect effects (AIEs) resulting from shipping emissions of aerosols and aerosol precursor gases. We implement shipping emissions of sulphur dioxide (SO2), black carbon (BC) and particulate organic matter (POM) for the year 2000 into the model and quantify the model's sensitivity towards uncertainties associated with the emission parameterisation as well as with the shipping emissions themselves. Sensitivity experiments are designed to investigate (i) the uncertainty in the size distributi

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