Relevant bibliographies by topics / Emissions trading schemes

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Emissions trading schemes'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 January 2023
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Emissions trading schemes"

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KOZHIKOV, Marat, and Bauyrzhan KAPSALYAMOV. "Greenhouse Gas Trading Scheme in the Republic of Kazakhstan - Seven Years from Its Creation, Problems and Solutions." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 13, no. 5 (September 2, 2022): 1321. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505/jemt.v13.5(61).10.

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The article studies the greenhouse gas trading scheme in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The research analyzes an international experience in the sphere of greenhouse gas emissions trading and identifies the main provisions which are fundamental for the efficient work of emissions trading schemes. The work of the Kazakhstan greenhouse gas trading scheme was examined through these key provisions. Materials represent the work of emissions trading schemes in several countries, and, particularly, in the Republic of Kazakhstan. For a more detailed study, further directions were proposed to improve the work of the emissions trading scheme.
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GRUBB, MICHAEL. "Linking emissions trading schemes." Climate Policy 9, no. 4 (January 2009): 339–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3763/cpol.2009.0665.

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Kelly, Gerard. "Linking Emissions Trading Schemes: Assessing the Potential for EU-South Korea Linkage." European Energy and Environmental Law Review 31, Issue 3 (May 1, 2022): 135–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eelr2022009.

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Emissions trading schemes (ETSs) have emerged as stable components of a fragmented climate governance landscape. Yet the proliferation of ETSs raises critical questions concerning their design, the development of conflicting norms, and how such schemes might link. This Article engages with these concerns by advancing a linkage framework based on a series of core convergence criteria which are considered necessary to assess the compatibility of candidate partner schemes. For the EU, the search for a candidate linkage partner has seemed a Sisyphean undertaking, but it is suggested that South Korea offers the prospect of stable climate settings. The critical design features of South Korea’s Emissions Trading Scheme (KETS) are evaluated before applying core convergence criteria to evaluate compatibility. This Article identifies a degree of alignment between the design features of the EU’s flagship Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) and the KETS, but also uncovers divergences where detailed negotiation will prove necessary. European Union emissions trading scheme, Korea emissions trading scheme, linkage, climate governance
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Kopsch, Fredrik. "Aviation and the EU Emissions Trading Scheme—Lessons learned from previous emissions trading schemes." Energy Policy 49 (October 2012): 770–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2012.07.023.

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Gilbert, Alyssa. "Linking Carbon Markets: The Climate Change Silver Bullet?" Energy & Environment 20, no. 6 (October 2009): 901–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/095830509789625347.

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With the rising popularity of emissions trading schemes and the private sector call for a global carbon market, it seems as though there is the chance to solve climate change by simply providing a clear price signal. But how easy will this be, both technically and practically? This paper provides an overview of the challenges in policy design terms involved in directly linking existing emissions trading schemes, and the status of planned emissions trading schemes, in order to set the potential of establishing a policy framework for a global carbon market in a realistic frame. The paper begins by outlining what linking is and setting out the advantages and risks of linking schemes. The key criteria to consider in order to establish compatibility for linking are explored, and then a summary of existing or planned schemes is given to highlight some of the technical challenges involved in linking emissions trading schemes together. The paper goes on to describe how a linked scheme could be set up and then moves on to the political arena, looking more closely at the political benefits and risks of linking and then discussing whether or not linking emissions trading schemes is an element of, or an alternative to, a global climate policy.
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MEHLING, MICHAEL, and ERIK HAITES. "Mechanisms for linking emissions trading schemes." Climate Policy 9, no. 2 (January 2009): 169–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3763/cpol.2008.0524.

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Sheehan, John. "Carbon Taxation versus Emissions Trading Schemes?" Deakin Law Review 15, no. 1 (September 1, 2010): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/dlr2010vol15no1art118.

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Pang, Tao, Li Zhou, and Maosheng Duan. "Linking China’s emissions trading pilot schemes." Chinese Journal of Population Resources and Environment 13, no. 3 (April 2015): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10042857.2015.1012252.

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Ma, Zhongyu, Songfeng Cai, Weifeng Ye, and Alun Gu. "Linking Emissions Trading Schemes: Economic Valuation of a Joint China–Japan–Korea Carbon Market." Sustainability 11, no. 19 (September 26, 2019): 5303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11195303.

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Linking carbon emissions trading systems across countries has become an important tool for global emission reduction. The three high-emission Asian countries, China, Japan, and South Korea (ROK), all have initiated carbon trading and published ambitious Intended Nationally Determined Contribution targets. Since 2016, the three countries have discussed establishing a long-term unified market for carbon emissions trading, and have sought a scheme for such exchange. This study aimed to investigate whether linking the carbon emissions trading systems of these three countries could potentially achieve more ambitious emission reduction targets. A dynamic energy-environmental version of the Global Trade Analysis Project model was used to simulate carbon market linkages across the three countries. The results indicated that a linked China–Japan–ROK carbon market would be highly cost-effective, have positive economic benefits for all three countries, and improve the carbon market’s liquidity and transaction scale. Under a scenario with no carbon market linking, the economic losses in China, Japan, and ROK would be $51.55 billion, $13.55 billion, and $74.19 billion, respectively. Meanwhile, with carbon trading linking, the losses would be reduced to $47.08 billion, $5.37 billion, and $9.10 billion, respectively. Therefore, a joint China–Japan–ROK carbon market could greatly promote the adoption of market-based tools for emission reduction.
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Quemin, Simon, and Christian de Perthuis. "Transitional Restricted Linkage Between Emissions Trading Schemes." Environmental and Resource Economics 74, no. 1 (December 9, 2018): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10640-018-00307-6.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Emissions trading schemes"

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Aydos, Elena De Lemos Pinto. "Who is [not] paying the carbon price? The subsidisation of heavy polluters under emissions trading schemes." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/15777.

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In the absence of a comprehensive and legally binding international agreement on global emissions reduction, the free of cost allocation of permits has been a political condition of the acceptance of Emissions Trading Schemes (ETSs) in most jurisdictions. As a consequence, up to now, many heavy polluters participating in the ETSs are not paying the full price of carbon. The extent to which pricing carbon affects specific sectors in practice remains unclear in most jurisdictions. In this thesis, I bring together and analyse the economics and legal literature in relation to free allocations. A detailed comparison of the free allocation mechanisms utilised in three ETS systems is then undertaken in order to make recommendations for scheme design rules that will be legally robust and will support the effectiveness of the ETSs, whilst limiting any negative impacts on international trade. Based on a systematic analysis of the available economic data, I observe that carbon leakage rates have been historically overestimated. As a result, governments have been providing free permits to a number of sectors which are not significantly exposed to carbon leakage. Furthermore, the inconsistent eligibility criteria for the free allocation of permits can distort trade between competitors liable under independent schemes. However, such trade distortions may be mitigated by harmonising the free allocation methodologies.The harmonisation process may take place under a linking agreement and should follow a best practice approach, avoiding the eligibility of an excessive number of sectors as carbon leakage exposed. I suggest in this thesis that cumulative criteria of high emission-intensity and high trade-exposure thresholds are recommended, along with the removal of any sole trade-exposure thresholds and sole emissions-intensity thresholds.Differences in the free allocation methodologies can raise legitimate concerns that such allocations can interfere with free trade, thereby invoking the various mechanisms of the World Trade Organization (WTO). I argue that the free allocation of permits is a subsidy according to the definition provided by Article 1.1(a)(1) of the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (SCM Agreement). Subsidies generally represent an unnecessary cost to society and may compromise the fairness of the ETS. I conclude that the European Union Emissions Trading System’s sole emissions-intensity threshold is a de facto specific subsidy, and that it may be actionable if it has adverse effects on the interests of other WTO Members. Furthermore, I argue that the free allocation of permits, based on a trade-exposure threshold, is subject to the notification rule provided by Article XVI, A(1) of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. The European Union has been notably failing to comply with this requirement.
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Jooste, Dustin. "Emissions trading scheme for South Africa : opportunities and challenges." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79330.

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ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This research report aims to determine whether an emissions trading scheme or carbon tax is the most suitable market-based emissions reduction mechanism for South Africa, given its multiple environmental, social and economic objectives. Key factors considered in this comparison include: environmental effectiveness; economic efficiency; social welfare impacts; public finance considerations; administrative complexity and costs; and, finally, the relationship to global greenhouse gas reduction mechanisms. These factors are compared in the short and long term to determine which mechanism is most likely to deliver South Africa’s emissions reduction targets within the given time frames. The comparison of these factors involves a non-empirical literature review, followed by a rating of the mechanisms in order to distil a best fit in terms of the various aspects of an effective emissions reduction mechanism, taking into account the specific needs and conditions of South Africa. The research found that, in the short term, a carbon tax was best suited to the South African context. This is because of the fiscal certainty inherent in this mechanism, which provides clear price signals and a stable public income. However, the reasons for these comparative advantages over an emissions trading scheme relate to the long lead times and structure of the latter mechanism, which requires years of implementation and favours environmental effectiveness over economic efficiency. Further reasons include a lack of understanding and buy-in in terms of market-based mechanisms, a situation that favours familiarity over effectiveness in some instances. Taking these issues into account, the research shows that an emissions trading scheme is better suited to the South African context in the long term. Once properly implemented, this mechanism provides superior results in terms of the above-mentioned factors, and specifically in terms of environmental effectiveness and the potential for benefit through international integration. This research report concludes that the South African government has failed to take a long-term view of the mechanisms available for emissions reduction, choosing instead to implement a carbon tax, which favours economic growth at the expense of the environment and future generations. A general lack of understanding of the structures and opportunity costs of the two mechanisms necessitates an investigation by government of the applicability and structure of an emissions trading scheme in the South African context before market-based mechanisms can play an effective part in the future development of the country’s environmental regulatory regime.
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Liu, Xin. "Emission Trading For China : the inspiration from the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-58643.

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How to avoid and deal with dangerous climate change, which will have catastrophic economic and social consequences, has already become the focus worldwide. From the UNFCCC to the UN Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen, the international community has been trying to find effective means to reduce GHGs. Facing both internal demand and external pressure, as the largest carbon dioxide emitter, China needs to make further efforts to reduce CO2 emissions. So far, emission trading, especially the EU ETS has proved to be a good system to reduce emissions with low cost. In this thesis, the valuable experience and lessons of the EU ETS and the current situation of China are reviewed. The necessity, feasibility and limitations of applying the EU ETS in China are analyzed through comparative study and SWOT – PEST analytical model. In the light of the analysis result that establishing its own emission trading scheme based on the EU ETS will be a good choice for China, several recommendations are put forward concerning both the process of the “Sino ETS” and various stakeholders.
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Link, Christoph, Juliane Stark, Axel Sonntag, and Reinhard Hössinger. "Contribution of an emission trading scheme to reduce road traffic induced CO2 emissions in Austria." Elsevier, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.06.1170.

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The Emission Trading Scheme for green house gases is a key tool of European climate protection. Including the road transport sector might be a promising strategy to limit its CO2 emissions. This could be realized within a common market (trans-sectoral trading permitted) or separated markets (trans-sectoral trading not permitted). Starting from different assumptions on emission reduction objectives, the impact of both options is analyzed using a quantitative model. Although an emission trading scheme is ecologically effective regardless of the trading model, it turns out that CO2 emissions and emission allowance prices differ strongly between both design options due to sector specific price elasticities of allowance demand. (authors' abstract)
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Minnice, Paul. "Heterogeneous national allocation plans in the EU Emission Trading Scheme under imperfectly competitive markets." Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/3637.

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Bogojevic, Sanja. "Discourse analysis of emissions trading scholarship : a case study of the EU emissions trading scheme." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4bab5c90-dc00-48ef-88a0-3162f05cf1b1.

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Over the last four decades emissions trading has enjoyed a high profile in environmental law scholarship and in environmental law and policy. Much of this regulatory discussion is promotional, preferring emissions trading above other regulatory strategies without, however, engaging with legal complexities embedded in conceptualising, scrutinising and managing emissions trading schemes. The combined effect of these debates is to create a perception that emissions trading is a straightforward regulatory strategy, imposable across various jurisdictions and environmental settings. This thesis shows that this view of emissions trading is problematic for at least two reasons. First, emissions trading responds to distinct environmental and non-environmental goals, including creating profit-centres, establishing a governance regime aimed at substituting state control of common resources, and ensuring regulatory compliance. This is important, as the particular purpose entrusted to a given emissions trading regime has, as its corollary, a particular governance structure, according to which the regime may be constructed and managed. Second, the governance structures of emissions trading regimes are culture- specific, which is a significant reminder of the importance of law in understanding not only how emissions trading schemes function but also what meaning is given to them as regulatory strategies. This is shown by deconstructing emissions trading discourses: that is, by inquiring into the assumptions about emissions trading that feature in the literature and in debates involving law- and policymakers and the judiciary at the EU level. Ultimately, this thesis makes a strong argument for reconfiguring the common understanding of emissions trading schemes as regulatory strategies, and sets out a framework for analysis to sustain that reconfiguration.
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Kopsch, Fredrik. "Including International Aviation in the EU Emissions Trading Scheme." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-33999.

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Kim, Tae Hee. "The Korean emissions trading scheme : focusing on accounting issues." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/21690.

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The purpose of this study is to examine the accounting standard-setting process in relation to emissions rights and related liabilities in the Korean context in order to provide a better understanding of accounting issues under an emissions trading scheme (ETS). Using an interpretive inductive approach, this study comprises semi-structured, face-to-face interviews and analysis of relevant documents. Interviews were carried out with a wide range of key players, including accounting standard setters (Korean Accounting Standards Board, International Accounting Standards Board, and Autorité des Normes Comptables), accounting experts, industry and government. This study identifies how problematic accounting issues on emissions rights and related liabilities have been addressed by accounting standard setters. The key accounting issues under ETS are linked mainly with free allowances. It is found that accounting standard setters attempt to establish the most appropriate accounting standard under the given circumstances reflecting a variety of considerations, and that the most common elements affecting the development of accounting standards for ETS are the legal and economic context, the existing accounting framework, and preceding models and practices. Nevertheless, these factors affect the development of accounting standards for ETS in different ways. Accordingly, the primary accounting issues on which each standard setter concentrates vary depending on different circumstances and considerations. This study investigates the accounting standard-setting process for emissions rights by Korean accounting standard setters, from the agenda-setting stage to the final publication of the standard. The findings reinforce the importance of political factors in the standard-setting process, including stakeholders’ participation in the process, prominent stakeholders, and the motivation, methods and timing of lobbying activities. In particular, the findings have important implications for the effectiveness of lobbying. Overall, the findings confirm that accounting standards are likely to be the political outcome of interactions between the accounting standard setter and stakeholders. The findings highlight desirable factors for accounting models of emissions rights. Desirability or appropriateness of standard is judged by the extent to which stakeholders in institutional environments consider the promulgation to be legitimate or authoritative. Therefore, accounting standard setters must make greater efforts to encourage stakeholders to participate in the standard-setting process in order to ensure institutional legitimacy. The originality of this study lies in its empirical research on accounting issues for ETS from a practical point of view. In particular, in its timely and detailed investigation of Korean accounting standard setters, this study provides a broader understanding of the accounting standard-setting process in the Korean context. The study also advances legitimacy theory by offering a framework particularly applicable to accounting standard setting process, which also incorporates stakeholder theory research. The study finds support from the framework and further contributes to the related literature by reviewing legitimacy conflicts. From an accounting policy point of view, the findings have implications for both national and international standard setters and provide guidance on how to achieve high-quality accounting standards with a high degree of compliance.
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Reilly, John M., and Sergey Paltsev. "An Analysis of the European Emission Trading Scheme." MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29792.

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An international emissions trading system is a featured instrument in the Kyoto Protocol to the Framework Convention on Climate Change, designed to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases among major industrial countries. The US was the leading proponent of emissions trading in the negotiations leading up to the Protocol, with the European Union initially reluctant to embrace the idea. However the US withdrawal from the Protocol has greatly changed the nature of the agreement. One result is that the EU has moved rapidly ahead, establishing in 2003 the Emission Trading Scheme (ETS) for the period of 2005-2007. This Scheme was intended as a test designed to help its member states transition to a system that would lead to compliance with their Kyoto Protocol commitments, which cover the period 2008-2012. The ETS covers CO2 emissions from big industrial entities in the electricity, heat, and energy-intensive sectors. It is a system that itself is evolving as allocations, rules, and registries were still being finalized in some member states late into 2005, even though the system started in January of that year. We analyze the ETS using the MIT Emissions Prediction and Policy Analysis (EPPA) model. We find that a competitive carbon market clears at a carbon price of about 0.6 to 0.9 €/tCO2 (approximately 2 to 3 €/tC) for the 2005-2007 period in a base run of our model in line with many observers’ expectations who saw the cuts required under the system as very mild, but in sharp contrast to the actual history of trading prices, which have settled in the range of 20 to 25 €/tCO2 (approximately 70 to 90 €/tC) by the middle of 2005. In various comparison exercises the EPPA model’s estimates of carbon prices have been similar to that of other models, and so the contrast between projection and reality in the ETS raises questions regarding the potential real cost of emissions reductions vis-à-vis expectations previously formed based on results from the modeling community. While it is beyond the scope of this paper to reach firm conclusions on reasons for this difference, what happens over the next few years will have important implications for greenhouse gas emissions trading and so further analysis of the emerging European trading system will be crucial.
Abstract in HTML and technical report in PDF available on the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change website (http://mit.edu/globalchange/www/).
This research was supported by the U.S Department of Energy, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. National Science Foundation, U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, U.S. National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration; and the Industry and Foundation Sponsors of the MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change: Alstom Power (France), American Electric Power (USA), Chevron Corporation (USA), CONCAWE (Belgium), DaimlerChrysler AG (Germany), Duke Energy (USA), J-Power (Japan), Electric Power Research Institute (USA), Electricité de France, ExxonMobil Corporation (USA), Ford Motor Company (USA), General Motors (USA), Murphy Oil Corporation (USA), Oglethorpe Power Corporation (USA), RWE Power (Germany), Schlumberger (USA), Shell Petroleum (Netherlands/UK), Southern Company (USA), Statoil ASA (Norway), Tennessee Valley Authority (USA), Tokyo Electric Power Company (Japan), Total (France), G. Unger Vetlesen Foundation (USA).
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Anger-Kraavi, Annela. "Emissions trading for regulating climate change impacts of aviation : a case study of the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610211.

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Books on the topic "Emissions trading schemes"

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Linking emissions trading schemes. London: Earthscan, 2009.

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Machinek, Matthias. Linking of Emissions Trading Schemes. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-36667-4.

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Bogojević, Sanja. Emissions trading schemes: Markets, states and law. Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2013.

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Hewett, Chris. Emissions trading: Proposals for a UK emissions trading scheme. London: Institute for Public Policy Research, 2000.

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New Zealand. Parliament. Emissions Trading Scheme Review Committee. Review of the emissions trading scheme and related matters: Report of the Emissions Trading Scheme Review Committee. Wellington, N.Z.]: House of Representatives, 2009.

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New Zealand. Parliament. Emissions Trading Scheme Review Committee. Review of the emissions trading scheme and related matters: Report of the Emissions Trading Scheme Review Committee. [Wellington, N.Z.]: House of Representatives, 2009.

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1968-, Klingmüller Angela, Steppler Ulrich 1970-, European Parliament, European Parliament, and European Parliament, eds. EU emissions trading scheme and aviation. Utrecht: Eleven International Publishing, 2010.

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Ellerman, A. Denny, Barbara K. Buchner, and Carlo Carraro, eds. Allocation in the European Emissions Trading Scheme. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511493478.

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Ellerman, A. Denny. Pricing carbon: The European Union Emissions Trading Scheme. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010.

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Ellerman, A. Denny. Pricing carbon: The European Union Emissions Trading Scheme. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Emissions trading schemes"

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Bosello, Francesco, and Roberto Roson. "Distributional Consequences of Alternative Emissions Trading Schemes." In Efficiency and Equity of Climate Change Policy, 291–304. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9484-4_13.

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Elizondo, Alejandra. "Bringing Emissions Trading Schemes into Mexican Climate Policy." In Springer Climate, 33–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82759-5_2.

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AbstractEmissions trading schemes (ETS) have become popular as a policy instrument to tackle climate change. This chapter analyses the decision to deploy carbon markets and their interaction with other instruments in Mexico’s climate policy. Instrument selection has been thoroughly explored in the regulation and public policy literature (Kern et al. in Res Policy 48, 2019; Capano and Lippi in Policy Sci 50(2):269–293, 2016; Wurzel et al. in German Policy Studies 9:21–48, 2013; Harker et al. in Climate Policy 17(4):485–500, 2017; Baldwin et al. in Understanding regulation, Oxford University Press, 2012; Jordan et al. in Policy instruments in practice. Oxford handbooks online 536–549, 2011), but its application to carbon markets is mainly focused on environments such as Europe, the US and, more recently, China. The decision to adopt an ETS relies not only on specific characteristics of each instrument but also on institutional constraints and messy political considerations. A combination of preferences and institutional factors affect the choice of instruments, and the ultimate decision must be legitimate and instrumental for each context. I analyse the considerations involved in the deployment of the ETS pilot project, looking at its distinctive characteristics and those it shares with other available instruments, as well as the requirements for its implementation.
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Barnes, Ian, and Li Lin. "Has the time now come for emissions trading schemes to make full contribution to combating climate change?" In The European Environmental Conscience in EU Politics, 54–74. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003022855-4.

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Borghesi, Simone, Massimiliano Montini, and Alessandra Barreca. "Linking Emission Trading Schemes." In The European Emission Trading System and Its Followers, 91–110. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31186-9_4.

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Pechstein, Jan. "European Emissions Trading Scheme." In Biokerosene, 687–702. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53065-8_26.

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Luo, Yuejun, Wenjun Wang, Xueyan Li, and Daiqing Zhao. "The Guangdong Emissions Trading Scheme." In International Solutions to Sustainable Energy, Policies and Applications, 407–27. Lilburn, GA : The Fairmont Press, Inc., [2018]: River Publishers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003150978-22.

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Gründinger, Wolfgang. "The European Emissions Trading Scheme (EU-ETS)." In Drivers of Energy Transition, 465–564. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-17691-4_8.

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Rontard, Benjamin, and Humberto Reyes Hernandez. "Emission Trading System and Forest: Learning from the Experience of New Zealand." In Springer Climate, 169–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82759-5_9.

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AbstractIn the area of international policy to mitigate climate change, the forest has been important in achieving the objectives of liable countries. The Emissions Trading System in New Zealand (NZ ETS) is the only case of an ETS integrating forestry as a mandatory actor. This is the result of prolonged political discussions and the characteristics of New Zealand forestry. Forest landowners are liable to surrender allowances for deforestation and can potentially receive allowances for the level of carbon sequestered. This scheme created new opportunities for forestry activities and impacted the decision-making trade-offs related to land-use changes. In Mexico, the implementation of an Emissions Trading System in 2020 is evidence of the country’s commitment to controlling domestic emissions under the Paris Agreement. Nevertheless, for now, the forestry sector is not involved as a liable actor. It is possible to envision the integration of the forest sector because of the extensive forest cover in the country, which provides a livelihood for a large part of the population. Mexico has the experience and institutional framework to integrate forestry into national emission accounting and carbon forest projects in the voluntary market. The potential impacts of this integration are both positive and negative. Environmental impacts are positive because forest areas can help mitigate emissions, but intensive carbon farming disrupts native forests and biodiversity. The economic impacts would be highly favorable for forest landowners if market volatility were controlled, but there is a potential loss of public revenue for the State. Finally, carbon forestry has the potential to cause conflict between economic sectors involved in land use and among participating communities.
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Li, Fang, and Hans-Dietrich Haasis. "Imposing Emission Trading Scheme on Supply Chain." In Dynamics in Logistics, 291–301. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45117-6_26.

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Carter, Lyn. "Aotearoa/New Zealand and the Emissions Trading Scheme." In Indigenous Pacific Approaches to Climate Change, 55–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96439-3_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "Emissions trading schemes"

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Wong, Kaufui V., and John Plackemeier. "Policies for Effective Trading Scheme to Reduce Carbon Dioxide Emissions." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-39723.

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The World Bank and the Intergovernmental panel on climate change have concluded that human activities such as fossil fuel combustion have caused higher average temperatures, more violent weather patterns and higher sea levels. Governments, politicians and corporations have started to take steps to curb emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases to reduce its imbalance in the atmosphere, and in so doing, diminish the impacts it will have in the near future. While these parties have recognized the importance of significantly reducing emissions in the coming decades, there are currently no policies in the USA to accomplish these goals. At the same time that the need to reduce emissions become more and more apparent, the realization that the world’s current economy is highly carbon-dependent and that shifting to renewable energy sources would be extremely expensive as well, thus compelling governments to approach the problem cautiously. Maybe because of this reality, governments have preferred emissions trading schemes over emissions caps and taxes with no trading. Unlike a cap affecting carbon emitters uniformly, the trading schemes that have been introduced recently allow for a collective cap on emissions under which emitters are held to standards which can be achieved by reducing emissions or by buying carbon credits, which are emissions reductions that have been achieved by a different third party. At this time, the Kyoto Protocol is the most comprehensive of the commitments governments have made toward the ultimate aim of curbing greenhouse gases. Under its umbrella, many of the world’s industrialized nations (excluding the US, which signed but did not ratify owing to economic concerns) agreed to an emissions reduction of 6 to 8 percent from 1990 levels by 2012. Governments are responsible for reducing overall emissions and do this by passing on reduction goals to specific emitters who can reduce their emissions through a slew of methods. The methods include directly reducing carbon emitted as gas or purchasing carbon credits that provide a reduction in place of emissions that cannot be directly reduced. While fossil fuels have played an important role in the development of the world in the past century, financial markets have had an equally important role in creating economic growth. Emissions trading schemes have emerged in the past five years as a method to reduce carbon dioxide emissions through market forces. They are an attractive solution because they grant economic leeway to subject parties. While they carry this benefit, they are not universally ideal. This paper aims to identify the most effective ways in which emissions trading schemes can be used. An analysis of the limitations of emissions trading schemes is conducted with respect to technological and regulatory concerns in addition to different economic sectors. Further analysis of the benefits of large scale emissions trading schemes over other large scale emissions reduction methods is conducted. From this analysis, a full recommendation of strategies which would maximize the effectiveness of an emissions trading scheme is provided.
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Cheng, Frank, Yagil Engel, and Michael P. Wellman. "Cap-and-Trade Emissions Regulation: A Strategic Analysis." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/27.

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Cap-and-trade schemes are designed to achieve target levels of regulated emissions in a socially efficient manner. These schemes work by issuing regulatory credits and allowing firms to buy and sell them according to their relative compliance costs. Analyzing the efficacy of such schemes in concentrated industries is complicated by the strategic interactions among firms producing heterogeneous products. We tackle this complexity via an agent-based microeconomic model of the US market for personal vehicles. We calculate Nash equilibria among credits-trading strategies in a variety of scenarios and regulatory models. We find that while cap-and-trade results improves efficiency overall, consumers bear a disproportionate share of regulation cost, as firms use credit trading to segment the vehicle market. Credits trading volume decreases when firms behave more strategically, which weakens the segmentation effect.
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Austwick, C. "EU emissions trading scheme lessons learnt and future priorities." In IET Seminar on Kyoto - at What Price? How GHG Markets are Impacting the Power Industry. IEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:20060243.

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Limbrick, A. "Update and review of the EU emissions trading scheme." In IET Seminar on Kyoto - at What Price? How GHG Markets are Impacting the Power Industry. IEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:20060244.

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Gambini, Marco, and Michela Vellini. "The Kyoto Protocol: Some Considerations About Its Applications in Italy." In ASME 2007 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2007-22026.

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Climate change is a very important environmental, social and economic global problem. During the last century, the Earth’s average surface temperature rose by around 0.6°C. Evidence is getting stronger that most of the global warming that has occurred over the last 50 years is attributable to human activities. Human activities that contribute to climate change include the burning of fossil fuels because it causes emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), which is the main gas responsible for climate change. In order to bring climate change to a halt, global greenhouse gas emissions would have to be reduced significantly. The European Union (EU) is engaged in international efforts to combat climate change. The EU is also taking serious steps to address its own greenhouse gas emissions. In March 2000 the Commission launched the European Climate Change Programme (ECCP). The ECCP led to the adoption of a range of new policies and measures, among which the EU’s emissions trading scheme, which started its operation on 1 January 2005, will play a key role. In this paper, we want to shortly explain the mechanisms of the Kyoto Protocol, paying particular attention to the Emission Trading. We want to illustrate the European directive and the consequent Italian one: we will explain the Italian implementing norms that have been emitted for the period 2005–2007 and 2008–2012. Limiting then the analysis to the sector of electricity production, we want to show some examples of Italian power plants: we will illustrate them and we will estimate their CO2 emissions (according to a typical annual operation). The emission levels will be compared with CO2 quotas assigned in the period 2008–2012: these results will be commented in terms of the unavoidable economic implications that such allocation will involve. The CO2 quotas, assigned to Italy already for the period 2005–2007, involve a large control of these emissions: such situation will be reflected unavoidably on the increase of the kWh cost (it is already particularly high in comparison with the European average because of the particular energetic mix on which our electricity production is based): these effects could be particularly heavy for the competitiveness of our production system and for the modernization and the widening of our power plant park.
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Kockar, Ivana, Antonio J. Conejo, and James R. McDonald. "Influence of emissions trading scheme on market clearing and prices." In Energy Society General Meeting (PES). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pes.2009.5275425.

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Alhosani, Abdulla Humaid, Nasir-ud-Din Humayun, and Jawahar Kannan. "Emission Capping & Trading, First of its Kind in ADNOC Group." In Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207885-ms.

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Abstract The Spiking Gas Compressor project was installed in 2014, which reduces 65,000 tons of Carbon-di-oxide (CO2) emission annually. This was subsequently registered as a CDM (Clean Development Mechanism) project under UN convention and incidentally this was the first ADNOC project to be under this registration. The registration is the first step to claim for Carbon Credits under United Nations Framework of Clean Climate Convention (UNFCCC) scheme. No Carbon Credits were claimed under CDM since its commissioning in 2014 due to low carbon price. In 2019, we achieved the next big milestone of trading these accumulated carbon credits to an Austrian MNC. M/s MASDAR, pioneer in this field, who are also partner of ADNOC onshore in this green project, arranged an Upstream Emission Reduction (UER) buyer. The transaction is worth 65,000 tons of CO2 reduction and considerable monetary benefit. This transaction assumes significance not in terms of monetary value but a global recognition to ADNOC as a company amongst the leading players in the global arena in reducing the Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. This project is the first & largest Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) registered in Oil & Gas industry in UAE. United Nations Framework Convention on Clean Climate (UNFCCC) recognized flare gas recovery through Spiking Gas Project as Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) project to generate Carbon Credits. The project demonstrates the commitment and support of Abu Dhabi Government and ADNOC towards climate change mitigation measures. Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) project demonstrated successful partnership with Masdar. The project was converted into to UER scheme. ADNOC Onshore & Masdar arranged a Buyer. Later, in compliance to ISO 14064/65, post Validation/ Verification by external auditors brought a considerable revenue to ADNOC.
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Wang, Xu, Yuhao Du, and Xufeng Liang. "A Reputation-based Carbon Emissions Trading Scheme Enabled by Block Chain." In 2019 34rd Youth Academic Annual Conference of Chinese Association of Automation (YAC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/yac.2019.8787610.

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Ke, Lisi, and Hanping Hou. "Design of Low-Carbon Supply Chain Under Emission Trading Scheme." In 2013 International Conference on Information, Business and Education Technology (ICIBET-2013). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icibet.2013.168.

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Zhou, Xun, Z. Y. Dong, Ariel Liebman, and Geoff James. "Australian electricity market power analysis under potential emission trading scheme." In Energy Society General Meeting (PES). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pes.2009.5276012.

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Reports on the topic "Emissions trading schemes"

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Kashyap, Varsha, Jill Hooks, Asheq Rahman, and Md Borhan Uddin Bhuiyan. Institutional Determinants of Carbon Financial Accounting Practices. Unitec ePress, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/ocds.084.

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This paper investigates how and why firms affected by Emissions Trading Schemes (ETSs) are financially accounting for carbon in a voluntary setting. Using institutional theory, the authors seek to identify the determinants of a firm’s decision to adopt a particular carbon financial accounting practice. We identify the recognition and measurement practices for carbon-emission allowances using data gathered from the annual reports of ETS-affected firms in Australia. These practices are identified in the five stages of carbon-emission allowance transactions, namely, when these are: (1) received for free, (2) purchased, (3) used, (4) sold, and (5) surrendered. Inconsistencies in carbon financial accounting practices are observed. The findings reveal that carbon-emission allowances are recorded as intangible assets, but most firms provide incomplete information on their carbon financial accounting practices. Firms also exhibit inconsistencies in specifying how they are ‘recognising’ and ‘measuring’ carbon-emission allowances. The results provide evidence of coercive (regulation) and mimetic (size, leverage, and listing status) pressures being the main determinants of carbon financial accounting practice.
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Hinton, Harold M. The EU Emissions Trading Scheme: A Challenge to U.S. Sovereignty. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada561495.

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Paschen, Marius, Felix Meier, and Wilfried Rickels. Working paper on the numerical modelling framework to compare different accounting schemes. OceanNETs, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/oceannets_d1.1.

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Any integration of extra carbon dioxide removal (CDR) via terrestrial or marine sink enhancement into climate policies requires accounting for their effectiveness in reducing atmospheric carbon concentration and translating this information into the amount of carbon credits (to be used in official and voluntary emission trading schemes). Here, we assess accounting schemes in their appropriateness of assigning carbon credits. We discuss the role of temporary carbon storage and present the various ccounting methods for carbon credit assignment. We explain how we have implemented the methods numerically and analyse carbon assignments across the different accounting schemes, using stylized, model-based ocean sink enhancement experiments.
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Rickels, Wilfried. Database and report on currently already existing or announced ocean NETs projects, including a world map of projects. OceanNets, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/oceannets_d1.8.

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Emissions trading systems (ETS) and markets usually do not allow for the inclusion of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) activities and if they do, removal activities are primarily restricted to afforestation. The New Zealand emission trading system (NZ ETS), for examples, integrates afforestation, and the California Low-Fuel Standard, the Quebec ETS and the Chinese ETS permit the restricted inclusion of afforestation offsets. Furthermore, the California Low-Carbon Fuel Standard System allows for the inclusion of removal via Direct Air Capture. In combination with the 45Q tax credit program, the largest incentives for CDR via Negative Emissions Technologies (NETs) are currently provided in the US. However, both do not yet allow for the inclusion of ocean-based carbon removal. Hence, we provide first a brief overview about the NZ ETS and its inclusion of afforestation, pointing out that the concept will likely not be applicable to ocean-based CDR with the potential exemption of blue carbon projects. Second, we discuss the 45Q tax credit program, the California Low-Fuel Standard System, and the California Compliance Offset Scheme. Third, we provide an overview about the company database related to ocean-based carbon removal. Fourth, we briefly look at the voluntary carbon market, providing some insights for carbon removal accounting.
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Martin, Ralf, Mirabelle Muûls, Laure de Preux, and Ulrich Wagner. Industry Compensation Under Relocation Risk: A Firm-Level Analysis of the EU Emissions Trading Scheme. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w19097.

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The Korea Emissions Trading Scheme:. Manila, Philippines: Asian Development Bank, November 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/tim189641-2.

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