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Journal articles on the topic 'Emissive cathode'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 31 August 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Chaharsoughi, Mina Shiran, Mohammad Jafar Hadianfard, and Mohammad Mahdi Shiezadeh. "Study the Effect of Nanoemissive Materials on M-Type Cathode Performance." Advanced Materials Research 829 (November 2013): 772–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.829.772.

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In this study, the stoichiometric mixture of barium carbonate, calcium carbonate, and aluminum oxide with ratio of 5:3:2 was produced by two individual methods: sol-gel combustion and ball-milling method used as a precursor of electron emissive material on impregnated cathodes which make up high power vacuum microwave tubes such as klystrons. Results from X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy on emissive material produced by sol-gel combustion technique show that its crystallite size is under 45 nm, and particle size is less than 100 nm, and

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2

Stępińska, Izabela, Elżbieta Czerwosz, Mirosław Kozłowski, Halina Wronka, and Piotr Dłużewski. "Studies of field emission process influence on changes in CNT films with different CNT superficial density." Materials Science-Poland 36, no. 1 (2018): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/msp-2018-0001.

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Abstract Field emission from materials at high electric fields can be associated with unfavorable or even destructive effect on the surface of the investigated cathode. The impact of high voltage electric power supply causes locally very strong electric fields focusing on the cathode surface. It causes a number of phenomena, which can adversely affect the morphology and the structure of the cathode material. Such a phenomenon is, for example, peeling of an emissive layer from the substrate or its burnout. It results in tearing of the layer and a decrease or loss of its ability to electrons emi

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3

Isakova, Yulia I., Galina E. Kholodnaya, and Alexander I. Pushkarev. "Influence of Cathode Diameter on the Operation of a Planar Diode with an Explosive Emission Cathode." Advances in High Energy Physics 2011 (2011): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/649828.

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This paper presents the results of experimental investigations into the current-voltage characteristics of a planar diode with an explosive emission cathode made from graphite. Studies were performed using a TEU-500 pulsed electron accelerator (350–500 keV, 100 ns, 250 J per pulse). Duration of diode operation, in a mode when electron current is limited by the emissive ability of the graphite cathode, is 15–20 ns. The contribution of the cathode periphery to total electron current appears only as an increase in the emissive surface area due to an expansion of explosive plasma. Investigations o

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4

Chen, Jing, Qianqian Huang, and Wei Lei. "Dual-Facets Emissive Quantum-Dot Light-Emitting Diode Based on AZO Electrode." Materials 15, no. 3 (2022): 740. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15030740.

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We report on a green, dual emissive quantum-dot light-emitting diode (QLED) using alumina (Al)-doped ZnO (AZO) to adjust the band offset between the cathode and QD-emitting layers. The dual emissive QLED structure was designed by enhancing the efficient hole injection/transfer and slowing down the electron injection/transfer from AZO to the QD. The QLEDs presented a maximum luminance of 9450 cd/m2, corresponding to a power efficiency of 15.7 lm/W, a current efficiency of 25.5 cd/A, as well as a turn-on voltage of 2.3 V. It is worth noting that the performance of the dual emissive QLED is compa

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5

Yang, Yang, Wen Zheng Yang, Wei Dong Tang, and Chuan Dong Sun. "Temperature Dependent Study of Carrier Diffusion in Photon Enhanced Thermionic Emission Solar Converters." Advanced Materials Research 772 (September 2013): 634–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.772.634.

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Photon Enhanced Thermionic Emission (PETE) is a novel concept in solar energy conversion, which can efficiently harvest solar energy at elevated temperatures. However, the temperature dependence of material parameters has not been clearly stated so far. In this study, a model for carrier transport is presented based on one dimension diffusion equation. Material data of GaAs are used to testify the temperature impact on material parameters. We find that for higher doped p-type GaAs which is suitable for PETE cathode material, its electron diffusion length shows weak temperature dependence. Carr

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6

Nouzman, L., and G. L. Frey. "Directed migration of additives to form top interlayers in polymer light emitting diodes." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 5, no. 48 (2017): 12744–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7tc04586g.

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7

Sibbett, W., S. C. Douglas, M. I. Harbour, B. A. Kerr, S. N. Spark, and Y. M. Saveliev. "Effect of cathode end caps and a cathode emissive surface on relativistic magnetron operation." IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 28, no. 3 (2000): 478–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/27.887651.

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8

Becatti, G., F. Burgalassi, F. Paganucci, M. Zuin, and D. M. Goebel. "Resistive MHD modes in hollow cathodes external plasma." Plasma Sources Science and Technology 31, no. 1 (2022): 015016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6595/ac43c4.

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Abstract A significant number of plasma instabilities occur in the region just outside of hollow cathodes, depending on the injected gas flow, the current level and the application of an external magnetic field. In particular, the presence of an axial magnetic field induces a helical mode, affecting all the plasma parameters and the total current transported by the plasma. To explore the onset and behavior of this helical mode, the fluctuations in the plasma parameters in the current-carrying plume outside of a hollow cathode discharge have been investigated. The hollow cathode was operated at

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9

Grigoriev, Sergey, Alexander Metel, Marina Volosova, and Yury Melnik. "Improvement of Thin Film Adhesion Due to Bombardment by Fast Argon Atoms." Coatings 8, no. 9 (2018): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings8090303.

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A new hollow cathode sputtering system is used for beam-assisted deposition of thin films on dielectric substrates. A copper target placed at the hollow cathode bottom is uniformly sputtered by argon ions from the glow discharge plasma filling the cathode. Through an emissive grid, sputtered copper atoms leave the cathode together with accelerated argon ions. On their way to the substrate, the ions—due to charge exchange collisions—turn into fast argon atoms bombarding the growing film. With increasing argon ion energy, continuous bombardment results in the film adhesion improvement and reduct

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10

Yokoo, Kuniyoshi. "Experiments of highly emissive metal–oxide–semiconductor electron tunneling cathode." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures 14, no. 3 (1996): 2096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.588878.

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11

Hartmann, W., G. Kirkman, V. Dominic, and M. A. Gundersen. "A super-emissive self-heated cathode for high-power applications." IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 36, no. 4 (1989): 825–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/16.22493.

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12

Jenkins, S. N., D. K. Barber, M. J. Whiting, and M. A. Baker. "Preliminary results on the chemical characterisation of the cathode nickel—emissive layer interface in oxide cathodes." Applied Surface Science 215, no. 1-4 (2003): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-4332(03)00278-2.

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13

Zemskov, Yu A., Yu I. Mamontov, I. V. Uimanov, et al. "Instabilities of electrical properties of He-induced W “fuzz” within the pre-breakdown and breakdown regimes." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2064, no. 1 (2021): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2064/1/012004.

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Abstract The investigation of the He-induced W “fuzz” electrical properties was carried out. For the research, an automated experimental setup was designed. The setup was based on a vacuum chamber operated under high vacuum conditions (~ 10−7 Pa). The vacuum diode under investigation comprised of a flat W “fuzz” cathode with an area of about 1 cm2 and a 2 mm radius cylindrical copper anode with a hemisphere tip. The cathode-anode distance was about 100 μm. The voltage applied was up to 10 kV. A DAC/ADC module controlled an HV power supply and automatically registered currents and voltages in t

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14

Sirijarutus, Wattanaruk, Sittan Charoensuwan, Pawonwan Thanakit, Sirapat Pratontep, and Darinee Sae-Tang Phromyothin. "A Study and Characterization of Photophysical Properties of Fluorene Derivative Thin Film." Key Engineering Materials 675-676 (January 2016): 201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.675-676.201.

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An emissive layer, fluorene derivative, was performed for organic light-emitting device properties. The preparation of fluorene derivative thin film by spin coating and convective technique was studied the band diagram of thin films which its properties out as the energy gap (Eg). UV-Visible spectrophotometer has been used to investigate the thin film properties. The results indicates spectacular property which occurs the optical properties, fluorescence in thin film and luminescence as a green light in device that it could be applied as emissive layer for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs)

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15

Li, Jing-Ju, and J. X. Ma. "Sheath near a negatively biased electron-emitting wall in an ion-beam-plasma system and its implication to experimental measurement." Physics of Plasmas 30, no. 1 (2023): 013510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0126650.

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In the previous experiment by Li et al., [Phys. Plasmas 19, 113511 (2012)], a deep virtual cathode was measured within an ion sheath near a negatively biased stainless steel plate immersed in an ion-beam-plasma system. The appearance of a virtual cathode was attributed to secondary electrons produced by the high speed ion beam instead of the plasma electrons since these electrons are depleted in the sheath. This paper presents a theoretical model of the sheath structure in the ion-beam-plasma system near an electron-emitting wall. The results show that the presence of the ion beam will compres

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16

YANG, KI-SUNG, HO-SIK LEE, SEUNG-UN KIM, et al. "ELECTRICAL AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF OLED USING NEW EMISSIVE MATERIAL Al2Nq4." International Journal of Nanoscience 05, no. 06 (2006): 859–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x06005273.

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Since the first report of the light-emitting diodes based on Alq 3, many organic materials have been synthesized and extended efforts have been made to obtain high performance electroluminescent (EL) device. We synthesized new emissive material, 1, 4-dihydoxy-5, 8-naphtaquinone· Alq 3 complex( Al 2 Nq 4), and extended efforts have been made to obtain high-performance electroluminescent (EL) devices. Current–voltage (I–V) and luminance–voltage (L–V) characteristics were measured by Flat Panel Display Analysis System (Model 200-AT) at room temperature. The Al 2 Nq 4 shows green photoluminescence

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17

Sharypov, K. A., M. R. Ul'masculov, V. G. Shpak, et al. "Current waveform reconstruction from an explosively emissive cathode at a subnanosecond voltage front." Review of Scientific Instruments 85, no. 12 (2014): 125104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4902853.

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18

Poulos, M. J. "Model for the operation of an emissive cathode in a large magnetized-plasma." Physics of Plasmas 26, no. 2 (2019): 022104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5063596.

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19

Oiler A. P., Liziakin G. D., Gavrikov A.V., and Smirnov V.P. "Velocity of plasma rotation in reflex discharge with themionic cathode." Technical Physics 92, no. 10 (2022): 1327. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/tp.2022.10.54359.139-22.

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This work is devoted to determining the azimuthal ion rotation velocity in a reflex discharge with a thermionic cathode. For the experimental determination of the ion velocity, a Mach probe with directional particle collection was used. The Mach probe rotation velocity measurements are compared with the drift speed in crossed Ex B fields, where the radial electric field is measured with an emissive probe. The rotation of the plasma was found to be predominantly due to this drift, corrected for centrifugal effects. One of the important results of the work is the determination of the ion tempera

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20

Liu, Wenxing, Rongzhen Cui, Xi Guan, Weidong Sun, Liang Zhou, and Dashan Qin. "Investigating the exciton formation zone and its roles in phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes." Semiconductor Science and Technology 36, no. 12 (2021): 125014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6641/ac2fb5.

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Abstract The exciton formation zone has been studied in phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). It is found that the width (W) of the exciton formation zone can be increased by reducing the transit time for holes (electrons) from the anode (cathode) into the emissive layer (EML) by decreasing the thickness of the hole (electron) transport layer. The increase in the thickness of the EML enables the exciton formation zone to be widened. The efficiency roll-off of the device is relieved when W increases. The device stability is found to be directly proportional to the product of W a

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21

Bosiak, Mariusz J., Marta Głodek, Piotr Trzaska, Katarzyna Madajska, Łukasz Sytniewski, and Jang Hyuk Kwon. "37‐1: New EIL Material Extending the Lifetime of OLED Devices." SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 56, S1 (2025): 313–15. https://doi.org/10.1002/sdtp.18794.

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There is probably no layer in the OLED stack that has attracted less attention from the scientific community than the electron injection layer. Much effort is being devoted to developing new materials for the emissive layer, especially blue light emitters and hosts or materials transporting electrons and holes. Metals (Li, Ba, Yb, etc.) and simple lithium salts such as LiF and Liq have been used as electron injection materials without modification for approximately 20 years. These materials, however, are crucial in delivering electrons from the cathode, influencing the number of recombining ch

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22

Georgiopoulou, Zoi, Apostolis Verykios, Kalliopi Ladomenou, et al. "Carbon Nanodots as Electron Transport Materials in Organic Light Emitting Diodes and Solar Cells." Nanomaterials 13, no. 1 (2022): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13010169.

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Charge injection and transport interlayers play a crucial role in many classes of optoelectronics, including organic and perovskite ones. Here, we demonstrate the beneficial role of carbon nanodots, both pristine and nitrogen-functionalized, as electron transport materials in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) and organic solar cells (OSCs). Pristine (referred to as C-dots) and nitrogen-functionalized (referred to as NC-dots) carbon dots are systematically studied regarding their properties by using cyclic voltammetry, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy in

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23

Lv, Wenmei, Lian Wang, Yiwei Lu, et al. "A Study on the Field Emission Characteristics of High-Quality Wrinkled Multilayer Graphene Cathodes." Nanomaterials 14, no. 7 (2024): 613. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano14070613.

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Field emission (FE) necessitates cathode materials with low work function and high thermal and electrical conductivity and stability. To meet these requirements, we developed FE cathodes based on high-quality wrinkled multilayer graphene (MLG) prepared using the bubble-assisted chemical vapor deposition (B-CVD) method and investigated their emission characteristics. The result showed that MLG cathodes prepared using the spin-coating method exhibited a high field emission current density (~7.9 mA/cm2), indicating the excellent intrinsic emission performance of the MLG. However, the weak adhesio

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24

Labrunie, G., and R. Meyer. "Novel type of emissive flat panel display: the matrixed cold-cathode microtip fluorescent display." Displays 8, no. 1 (1987): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-9382(87)90007-2.

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25

Shin, Eun Chul, Hui Chul Ahn, Wone Keun Han, et al. "Effect of Li2O/Al Cathode in Alq3 Based Organic Light-Emitting Diodes." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 9 (2008): 4684–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.ic33.

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An effect of bilayer cathode Li2O/Al was studied in Alq3 based organic light-emitting diodes with a variation of Li2O layer thickness. The current-luminance-voltage characteristics of ITO/TPD/Alq3/Li2O/Al device were measured at ambient condition to investigate the effect of Li2O/Al. It was found that when the thickness of Li2O layer is in the range of 0.5∼1 nm, there are improvements in luminance, efficiency, and turn-on voltage of the device. A current density and a luminance are increased by about 100 times, a turn-on voltage is lowered from 6 V to 3 V, a maximum current efficiency is impro

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26

Guo, Tzung-Fang, Fuh-Shun Yang, Zen-Jay Tsai, et al. "High-brightness top-emissive polymer light-emitting diodes utilizing organic oxide/Al∕Ag composite cathode." Applied Physics Letters 89, no. 5 (2006): 051103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2234317.

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27

Burgoa, José M., Cecilia González-Medina, Ramón Gómez-Aguilar, and Jaime Ortiz-López. "Electrical Behavior I-V Theoretical-Experimental OLEDS." MRS Proceedings 1613 (2014): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2014.168.

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ABSTRACTWe develop a program (within MATLAB software environment) to numerically simulate current-voltage characteristics of a bilayer organic light-emitting diode (OLED). The program is based on the Poole-Frenkel and Schottky continuous quantum models which take into account the geometry of thin films and their emission parameters in the calculation of charge carrier and current density in organic materials. Simulations are performed for OLEDs with A/EML/C and A/HIL/EML/C architectures where A=anode, HIL=hole injection layer, EML=emissive layer and C=cathode. For EML we assume MEH-PPV and MDM

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28

Tierno, S. P., J. M. Donoso, J. L. Domenech-Garret, and L. Conde. "Existence of a virtual cathode close to a strongly electron emissive wall in low density plasmas." Physics of Plasmas 23, no. 1 (2016): 013503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4939042.

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29

Vasan, R., H. Salman, and M. O. Manasreh. "All inorganic quantum dot light emitting devices with solution processed metal oxide transport layers." MRS Advances 1, no. 4 (2016): 305–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2016.129.

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ABSTRACTAll inorganic quantum dot light emitting devices with solution processed transport layers are investigated. The device consists of an anode, a hole transport layer, a quantum dot emissive layer, an electron transport layer and a cathode. Indium tin oxide coated glass slides are used as substrates with the indium tin oxide acting as the transparent anode electrode. The transport layers are both inorganic, which are relatively insensitive to moisture and other environmental factors as compared to their organic counterparts. Nickel oxide acts as the hole transport layer, while zinc oxide

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30

Seif, Mujan N., T. John Balk, and Matthew J. Beck. "Desorption from Hot Scandate Cathodes: Effects on Vacuum Device Interior Surfaces after Long-Term Operation." Materials 13, no. 22 (2020): 5149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13225149.

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Scandate cathodes have exhibited superior emission properties compared to current state-of-the-art “M-type” thermionic cathodes. However, their integration into vacuum devices is limited in part by a lack of knowledge regarding their functional lifespan and behavior during operation. Here, we consider thermal desorption from scandate cathodes by examining the distribution of material deposited on interior surfaces of a sealed vacuum device after ~26,000 h of cathode operation. XPS, EDS, and TEM analyses indicate that on the order of 1 wt.% of the initial impregnate is desorbed during a cathode

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31

Grigoriev, Sergei. "Milling of Dielectric Ceramics by Fast Argon Atoms." Key Engineering Materials 723 (December 2016): 329–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.723.329.

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A new method for dielectric materials milling has been developed. Instead of well-known ion milling used for metals the dielectrics were processed by broad beams of fast argon atoms. The fast atoms were produced due to charge exchange collisions of accelerated ions. Plasma emitter of the ions was generated in hollow cathode glow discharge. Emissive grid of a circular cross-section beam source consisted of six segments. Energy of the fast atoms ranged from 1 to 3 keV. The beam source was used for production of contoured grooves on flat surfaces of hard ceramic materials. On the surface of movab

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32

Arnas Capeau, C., G. Prasad, G. Bachet, and F. Doveil. "Analysis of the self‐oscillations instability due to the plasma coupling with an emissive hot cathode sheath." Physics of Plasmas 3, no. 9 (1996): 3331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871602.

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33

Lin, Ming-Wei, Ruei-Tang Chen, Chia-Hsin Yeh, Ten-Chin Wen, and Tzung-Fang Guo. "Bright, efficient, deep blue-emissive polymer light-emitting diodes of suitable hole-transport layer and cathode design." Organic Electronics 13, no. 12 (2012): 3067–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orgel.2012.09.009.

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34

Vincent, Benjamin, Sedina Tsikata, George-Cristian Potrivitu, Laurent Garrigues, Gaétan Sary, and Stéphane Mazouffre. "Electron properties of an emissive cathode: analysis with incoherent thomson scattering, fluid simulations and Langmuir probe measurements." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 53, no. 41 (2020): 415202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ab9974.

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35

Hao, Shi Ming, Hui Fang Wang, and Dong Hui Zhao. "The Preparation and Properties Research on Lanthanum-Rich Film Cathode." Advanced Materials Research 228-229 (April 2011): 755–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.228-229.755.

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The surface lanthanum element plays a key role in emission mechanism of Lanthanum-contained cathodes. In order to gain insight into the relation between cathode emission properties and the cathode surface La/O ratio, lanthanum-rich film cathodes were prepared in situ by using a set of equipment, specially designed to cathode research, which connected with an Auger electron spectrometer (AES) and pulse laser deposition system. Electron emission properties and surface compositions (lanthanum and oxygen) of the cathodes are investigated experimentally. Experiment results indicate that film cathod

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36

Ойлер, А. П., Г. Д. Лизякин, А. В. Гавриков та В. П. Смирнов. "Скорость вращения плазмы в отражательном разряде с термокатодом". Журнал технической физики 92, № 10 (2022): 1529. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/jtf.2022.10.53245.139-22.

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This work is devoted to determining the azimuthal ion rotation velocity in a reflex discharge with a thermionic cathode. For the experimental determination of the ion velocity, a Mach probe with directional particle collection was used. The Mach probe rotation velocity measurements are compared with the drift speed in crossed ExB fields, where the radial electric field is measured with an emissive probe. The rotation of the plasma was found to be predominantly due to this drift, corrected for centrifugal effects. One of the important results of the work is the determination of the ion temperat

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37

Gioti, Maria. "Spectroscopic Ellipsometry Studies on Solution-Processed OLED Devices: Optical Properties and Interfacial Layers." Materials 15, no. 24 (2022): 9077. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15249077.

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Τhe fabrication of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) from solution involves the major problem of stack integrity, setting the determination of the composition and the characteristics of the resulting interfaces prerequisite for the optimization of the growth processes and the achievement of high devices’ performance. In this work, a poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) (F8) and poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole) (F8BT) blend is used for the emissive layer (EML), poly-3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene; poly-styrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is used for a hole transport layer (HTL), and Poly(9,9-bis(

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38

Hsieh, Sung-Nien, Ten-Chin Wen, and Tzung-Fang Guo. "Improved Performance of Top-Emissive Polymer Light-Emitting Device with Semitransparent Ag Cathode with the Aid of Au Nanoparticles." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 46, no. 3A (2007): 932–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.46.932.

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39

Uçar, Esin, Alper Ülkü, Halil Mert Kaya, et al. "Impact of Layer Materials, Their Thicknesses, and Their Reflectivities on Emission Color and NVIS Compatibility in OLED Devices for Avionic Display Applications." Micromachines 16, no. 2 (2025): 191. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16020191.

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Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) technology is preferred in modern display applications due to its superior efficiency, color quality, and flexibility. It also carries a high potential of applicability in military displays where emission color tuning is required for MIL-STD-3009 Night Vision Imaging Systems (NVISs), as compatibility is critical. Herein, we report the effects of different OLED device layer materials and thicknesses such as the hole injection layer (HIL), hole transport layer (HTL), and electron transport layer (ETL) on the color coordinates, luminance, and efficiency of OLED

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40

Rathkey, Doug. "Evolution and Comparison of Electron Sources." Microscopy Today 1, no. 4 (1993): 16–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500067432.

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Over the years, we've seen major developments in electron source technologies in response to the demands for better performance. This article presents a brief overview of the cathode technologies in use today.Two types of electron sources are used in commercially available scanning electron microscopes (SEMs), transmission electron microscopes (TEMs), scanning Auger microprobes, and electron beam lithography systems: thermionic and field emission electron cathodes. Thermionic cathodes reiease electrons from the cathode material when they are heated while field emission cathodes rely on a high

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41

Qi Shi-Kai, Wang Xing-Qi, Li Yu, Zhang Qi, and Wang Yu. "Study on the Effect of Sc<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Doping on the Thermal Emission Properties of the Rare-Earth Refractory Yttrium Salt Cathode." Acta Physica Sinica 74, no. 15 (2025): 0. https://doi.org/10.7498/aps.74.20250520.

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To improve the thermionic emission performance of the rare-earth refractory yttrium salt cathode used in the magnetron, the influence of Sc<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> doping on its thermionic emission properties was explored. Cathodes were fabricated by incorporating different weight percentages of Sc<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> into the rare-earth refractory yttrium salt matrix, and their thermionic emission properties were systematically evaluated. The experimental findings revealed that the doping of Sc<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub&

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Swanson, L. W., and D. S. Rathkey. "A comparison of Schottky emission and cold field-emission cathodes." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 47 (August 6, 1989): 90–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100152422.

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We compare Schottky Emission (SE) and Cold Field Emission (CFE) cathodes with respect to emission characteristics and environmental factors. The CFE cathodes most commonly used are W<310> and a slightly oxidized W<100> used at room temperature. The SE cathode most commonly used is a ZrO coated W<100> emitter which has a localized work function of 2.8 ±0.2 eV on the <100> plane.In terms of emission mechanism, SE and CFE represent two extremes of a continuous change in surface electric field strength F and temperature T of a pointed cathode. The primary difference between

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Taikin, Andrei Yu, Ilya A. Savichev, Maxim A. Popov, et al. "Comparison and analysis of field emission characteristics of carbon cathodes based on PAN fiber and CNT filaments." Image Journal of Advanced Materials and Technologies 7, no. 1 (2022): 046–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17277/jamt.2022.01.pp.046-057.

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In this paper, we experimentally compare the field emission characteristics of two different cathodes based on polyacrylonitrile fibers (PAN fibers) and carbon nanotube fibers (CNT filaments). The main purpose of the study was to compare the field emission properties of materials for the cathode unit of a cathode luminescent lamp. The current-voltage, current and watt-watt characteristics of the fabricated cathodes were measured. A comparison of the current-voltage characteristics of cathodes made of the two studied materials shows that the minimum field for the occurrence of field emission cu

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Li, Jian-quan, Xin-yao Xie, Shu-han Li, and Qing-he Zhang. "Reliable potential and spatial size of virtual cathode obtained by an emissive probe with accurate filament temperature in a vacuum." Vacuum 200 (June 2022): 111013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2022.111013.

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Ng, Calvin Yi Bin, Keat Hoe Yeoh, Thomas J. Whitcher, et al. "High efficiency solution processed fluorescent yellow organic light-emitting diode through fluorinated alcohol treatment at the emissive layer/cathode interface." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 47, no. 1 (2013): 015106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/47/1/015106.

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Predeep, P., T. A. Shahul Hameed, J. Aneesh, and M. R. Baiju. "Organic Light Emitting Diodes: Effect of Annealing the Hole Injection Layer on the Electrical and Optical Properties." Solid State Phenomena 171 (May 2011): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.171.39.

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Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLED) are receiving increased attention due to tremendous application potential these devices hold in the areas of large area displays and lighting applications. However, the problems of efficiency, stability and shelf life are major challenges for making OLEDs an attractive alternative. The simple device structure involving anode, emissive layer and cathode is no longer the norm. Recently, various buffer layers like Hole Injection Layer (HIL), Hole transport Layer (HTL), Electron Injection Layer (EIL), Electron Transport Layer (ETL) etc. are being widely used as

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Fairchild, Steven B., Chelsea E. Amanatides, Thiago A. de Assis, et al. "Field emission cathodes made from knitted carbon nanotube fiber fabrics." Journal of Applied Physics 133, no. 9 (2023): 094302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0123120.

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Field electron emission cathodes were constructed from knitted fabrics comprised entirely of carbon nanotube (CNT) fibers. The fabrics consisted of a top layer array of ∼2 mm high looped structures and a bottom layer that was 1 mm thick with a flat underlying surface. Field emission (FE) experiments were performed on 25.4 mm diameter CNT fabric cathodes in both direct current (DC) and pulsed voltage (PV) modes, and the results were compared to those obtained from a CNT film cathode. The DC measurements were performed at a maximum voltage of 1.5 kV. The CNT fabric cathode emitted 20 mA, which w

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Gorokh, G. G., I. A. Taratyn, A. N. Pligovka, A. A. Lazavenka, and A. I. Zakhlebayeva. "AUTOELECTRONIC CATHODES BASED ON ARRAYS OF NIOBIUM-OXIDE COLUMNAR NANOSTRUCTURES FOR FIELD EMISSION DISPLAYS." Doklady BGUIR, no. 7 (125) (December 7, 2019): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.35596/1729-7648-2019-125-7-51-58.

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The article discusses the prospects of creating controlled field-effect cathodes based on arrays of columnar oxide niobium nanostructures for field emission displays. Geometrical models of field-emission cathodes and vacuum elements have been developed and investigated. The distribution of the electric field in the vacuum device at various distances between the cathode and the anode, the applied voltages between them, the shape and microgeometry of the cathodes were obtained. The optimal geometric parameters of nanostructured autoelectronic cathodes and matrices of these were calculated based

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Chepusov, A. S., A. A. Komarskiy, and S. R. Korzhenevskiy. "Investigation of changes in field electron emission characteristics of industrial fine-grained graphite when operated in an argon atmosphere up to 10^–2 Pa." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2064, no. 1 (2021): 012107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2064/1/012107.

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Abstract Studying of field electron emission properties of carbon cathodes operating under technical vacuum conditions is a promising scientific field. Massive cathode made of commercial fine-grained graphite of MG (Russian abbreviation) grade is being investigated. Experiments on obtaining current-voltage characteristics and long-term testing are being carried out. The emitter made of fine-grained graphite demonstrates good emission properties under technical vacuum conditions. Carbon cathode is capable of operating at pressures up to 2×10–2 Pa. Increased pressure in the vacuum chamber leads

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Roy, Amitava, R. Menon, Vishnu Sharma, Ankur Patel, Archana Sharma, and D. P. Chakravarthy. "Features of 200 kV, 300 ns reflex triode vircator operation for different explosive emission cathodes." Laser and Particle Beams 31, no. 1 (2012): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026303461200095x.

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AbstractTo study the effect of explosive field emission cathodes on high power microwave generation, experiments were conducted on a reflex triode virtual cathode oscillator. Experimental results with cathodes made of graphite, stainless steel nails, and carbon fiber (needle type) are presented. The experiments have been performed at the 1 kJ Marx generator (200 kV, 300 ns, and 9 kA). The experimentally obtained electron beam diode perveance has been compared with the one-dimensional Child-Langmuir law. The cathode plasma expansion velocity has been calculated from the perveance data. It was f

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